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  <div class="section" id="s-troubleshooting">
<span id="troubleshooting"></span><h1>Troubleshooting<a class="headerlink" href="#troubleshooting" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<p>This page contains some advice about errors and problems commonly encountered
during the development of Django applications.</p>
<div class="section" id="s-problems-running-django-admin">
<span id="s-troubleshooting-django-admin"></span><span id="problems-running-django-admin"></span><span id="troubleshooting-django-admin"></span><h2>Problems running django-admin<a class="headerlink" href="#problems-running-django-admin" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<div class="section" id="s-command-not-found-django-admin">
<span id="command-not-found-django-admin"></span><h3>&#8220;command not found: django-admin&#8221;<a class="headerlink" href="#command-not-found-django-admin" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<p><a class="reference internal" href="../ref/django-admin.html"><span class="doc">django-admin</span></a> should be on your system path if you
installed Django via <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">python</span> <span class="pre">setup.py</span></code>. If it&#8217;s not on your path, you can
find it in <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">site-packages/django/bin</span></code>, where <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">site-packages</span></code> is a directory
within your Python installation. Consider symlinking to <a class="reference internal" href="../ref/django-admin.html"><span class="doc">django-admin</span></a> from some place on your path, such as
<code class="file docutils literal"><span class="pre">/usr/local/bin</span></code>.</p>
<p>If <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">django-admin</span></code> doesn&#8217;t work but <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">django-admin.py</span></code> does, you&#8217;re probably
using a version of Django that doesn&#8217;t match the version of this documentation.
<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">django-admin</span></code> is new in Django 1.7.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="s-mac-os-x-permissions">
<span id="mac-os-x-permissions"></span><h3>Mac OS X permissions<a class="headerlink" href="#mac-os-x-permissions" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<p>If you&#8217;re using Mac OS X, you may see the message &#8220;permission denied&#8221; when
you try to run <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">django-admin</span></code>. This is because, on Unix-based systems like
OS X, a file must be marked as &#8220;executable&#8221; before it can be run as a program.
To do this, open Terminal.app and navigate (using the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">cd</span></code> command) to the
directory where <a class="reference internal" href="../ref/django-admin.html"><span class="doc">django-admin</span></a> is installed, then
run the command <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">sudo</span> <span class="pre">chmod</span> <span class="pre">+x</span> <span class="pre">django-admin</span></code>.</p>
</div>
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<div class="section" id="s-miscellaneous">
<span id="miscellaneous"></span><h2>Miscellaneous<a class="headerlink" href="#miscellaneous" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<div class="section" id="s-i-m-getting-a-unicodedecodeerror-what-am-i-doing-wrong">
<span id="i-m-getting-a-unicodedecodeerror-what-am-i-doing-wrong"></span><h3>I&#8217;m getting a <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">UnicodeDecodeError</span></code>. What am I doing wrong?<a class="headerlink" href="#i-m-getting-a-unicodedecodeerror-what-am-i-doing-wrong" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<p>This class of errors happen when a bytestring containing non-ASCII sequences is
transformed into a Unicode string and the specified encoding is incorrect. The
output generally looks like this:</p>
<div class="highlight-default"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="ne">UnicodeDecodeError</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s1">&#39;ascii&#39;</span> <span class="n">codec</span> <span class="n">can</span><span class="s1">&#39;t decode byte 0x?? in position ?:</span>
<span class="n">ordinal</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">128</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The resolution mostly depends on the context, however here are two common
pitfalls producing this error:</p>
<ul>
<li><p class="first">Your system locale may be a default ASCII locale, like the &#8220;C&#8221; locale on
UNIX-like systems (can be checked by the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">locale</span></code> command). If it&#8217;s the
case, please refer to your system documentation to learn how you can change
this to a UTF-8 locale.</p>
</li>
<li><p class="first">You created raw bytestrings, which is easy to do on Python 2:</p>
<div class="highlight-default"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">my_string</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;café&#39;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Either use the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">u''</span></code> prefix or even better, add the
<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">from</span> <span class="pre">__future__</span> <span class="pre">import</span> <span class="pre">unicode_literals</span></code> line at the top of your file
so that your code will be compatible with Python 3.2 which doesn&#8217;t support
the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">u''</span></code> prefix.</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p>Related resources:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><a class="reference internal" href="../ref/unicode.html"><span class="doc">Unicode in Django</span></a></li>
<li><a class="reference external" href="https://wiki.python.org/moin/UnicodeDecodeError">https://wiki.python.org/moin/UnicodeDecodeError</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
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  <h3><a href="../contents.html">Table Of Contents</a></h3>
  <ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">Troubleshooting</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#problems-running-django-admin">Problems running django-admin</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#command-not-found-django-admin">&#8220;command not found: django-admin&#8221;</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#mac-os-x-permissions">Mac OS X permissions</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#miscellaneous">Miscellaneous</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#i-m-getting-a-unicodedecodeerror-what-am-i-doing-wrong">I&#8217;m getting a <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">UnicodeDecodeError</span></code>. What am I doing wrong?</a></li>
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