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<div class="section" id="s-how-to-use-django-with-apache-and-mod-wsgi">
<span id="how-to-use-django-with-apache-and-mod-wsgi"></span><h1>How to use Django with Apache and mod_wsgi<a class="headerlink" href="#how-to-use-django-with-apache-and-mod-wsgi" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<p>Deploying Django with <a class="reference external" href="http://httpd.apache.org/">Apache</a> and <a class="reference external" href="http://www.modwsgi.org/">mod_wsgi</a> is a tried and tested way to get
Django into production.</p>
<p>mod_wsgi is an Apache module which can host any Python <a class="reference external" href="http://www.wsgi.org">WSGI</a> application,
including Django. Django will work with any version of Apache which supports
mod_wsgi.</p>
<p>The <a class="reference external" href="http://modwsgi.readthedocs.org/">official mod_wsgi documentation</a> is fantastic; it’s your source for all
the details about how to use mod_wsgi. You’ll probably want to start with the
<a class="reference external" href="http://modwsgi.readthedocs.org/en/develop/installation.html">installation and configuration documentation</a>.</p>
<div class="section" id="s-basic-configuration">
<span id="basic-configuration"></span><h2>Basic configuration<a class="headerlink" href="#basic-configuration" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Once you’ve got mod_wsgi installed and activated, edit your Apache server’s
<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">httpd.conf</span></code> file and add the following. If you are using a version of Apache
older than 2.4, replace <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Require</span> <span class="pre">all</span> <span class="pre">granted</span></code> with <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Allow</span> <span class="pre">from</span> <span class="pre">all</span></code> and
also add the line <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Order</span> <span class="pre">deny,allow</span></code> above it.</p>
<div class="highlight-apache"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nb">WSGIScriptAlias</span> / <span class="sx">/path/to/mysite.com/mysite/wsgi.py</span>
<span class="nb">WSGIPythonPath</span> <span class="sx">/path/to/mysite.com</span>
<span class="nt"><Directory</span> <span class="s">/path/to/mysite.com/mysite</span><span class="nt">></span>
<span class="nt"><Files</span> <span class="s">wsgi.py</span><span class="nt">></span>
<span class="nb">Require</span> <span class="k">all</span> granted
<span class="nt"></Files></span>
<span class="nt"></Directory></span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The first bit in the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">WSGIScriptAlias</span></code> line is the base URL path you want to
serve your application at (<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">/</span></code> indicates the root url), and the second is the
location of a “WSGI file” – see below – on your system, usually inside of
your project package (<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">mysite</span></code> in this example). This tells Apache to serve
any request below the given URL using the WSGI application defined in that
file.</p>
<p>The <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">WSGIPythonPath</span></code> line ensures that your project package is available for
import on the Python path; in other words, that <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">import</span> <span class="pre">mysite</span></code> works.</p>
<p>The <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre"><Directory></span></code> piece just ensures that Apache can access your
<code class="file docutils literal"><span class="pre">wsgi.py</span></code> file.</p>
<p>Next we’ll need to ensure this <code class="file docutils literal"><span class="pre">wsgi.py</span></code> with a WSGI application object
exists. As of Django version 1.4, <a class="reference internal" href="../../../ref/django-admin.html#django-admin-startproject"><code class="xref std std-djadmin docutils literal"><span class="pre">startproject</span></code></a> will have created one
for you; otherwise, you’ll need to create it. See the <a class="reference internal" href="index.html"><span class="doc">WSGI overview
documentation</span></a> for the default contents you
should put in this file, and what else you can add to it.</p>
<div class="admonition warning">
<p class="first admonition-title">Warning</p>
<p>If multiple Django sites are run in a single mod_wsgi process, all of them
will use the settings of whichever one happens to run first. This can be
solved by changing:</p>
<div class="highlight-default"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">os</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">environ</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">setdefault</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">"{{ project_name }}.settings"</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>in <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">wsgi.py</span></code>, to:</p>
<div class="highlight-default"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">os</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">environ</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">"DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE"</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">"{{ project_name }}.settings"</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p class="last">or by <a class="reference internal" href="#daemon-mode"><span class="std std-ref">using mod_wsgi daemon mode</span></a> and ensuring that each
site runs in its own daemon process.</p>
</div>
<div class="admonition-fixing-unicodeencodeerror-for-file-uploads admonition">
<p class="first admonition-title">Fixing <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">UnicodeEncodeError</span></code> for file uploads</p>
<p>If you get a <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">UnicodeEncodeError</span></code> when uploading files with file names
that contain non-ASCII characters, make sure Apache is configured to accept
non-ASCII file names:</p>
<div class="highlight-default"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">export</span> <span class="n">LANG</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'en_US.UTF-8'</span>
<span class="n">export</span> <span class="n">LC_ALL</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'en_US.UTF-8'</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>A common location to put this configuration is <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">/etc/apache2/envvars</span></code>.</p>
<p class="last">See the <a class="reference internal" href="../../../ref/unicode.html#unicode-files"><span class="std std-ref">Files</span></a> section of the Unicode reference guide for
details.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="s-using-a-virtualenv">
<span id="using-a-virtualenv"></span><h2>Using a virtualenv<a class="headerlink" href="#using-a-virtualenv" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>If you install your project’s Python dependencies inside a <a class="reference external" href="http://www.virtualenv.org">virtualenv</a>,
you’ll need to add the path to this virtualenv’s <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">site-packages</span></code> directory to
your Python path as well. To do this, add an additional path to your
<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">WSGIPythonPath</span></code> directive, with multiple paths separated by a colon (<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">:</span></code>)
if using a UNIX-like system, or a semicolon (<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">;</span></code>) if using Windows. If any
part of a directory path contains a space character, the complete argument
string to <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">WSGIPythonPath</span></code> must be quoted:</p>
<div class="highlight-apache"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nb">WSGIPythonPath</span> <span class="sx">/path/to/mysite.com</span>:/path/to/your/venv/lib/python3.X/site-packages
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Make sure you give the correct path to your virtualenv, and replace
<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">python3.X</span></code> with the correct Python version (e.g. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">python3.4</span></code>).</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="s-using-mod-wsgi-daemon-mode">
<span id="s-daemon-mode"></span><span id="using-mod-wsgi-daemon-mode"></span><span id="daemon-mode"></span><h2>Using mod_wsgi daemon mode<a class="headerlink" href="#using-mod-wsgi-daemon-mode" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>“Daemon mode” is the recommended mode for running mod_wsgi (on non-Windows
platforms). To create the required daemon process group and delegate the
Django instance to run in it, you will need to add appropriate
<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">WSGIDaemonProcess</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">WSGIProcessGroup</span></code> directives. A further change
required to the above configuration if you use daemon mode is that you can’t
use <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">WSGIPythonPath</span></code>; instead you should use the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">python-path</span></code> option to
<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">WSGIDaemonProcess</span></code>, for example:</p>
<div class="highlight-apache"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nb">WSGIDaemonProcess</span> example.com python-path=/path/to/mysite.com:/path/to/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages
<span class="nb">WSGIProcessGroup</span> example.com
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>If you want to serve your project in a subdirectory
(<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">http://example.com/mysite</span></code> in this example), you can add <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">WSGIScriptAlias</span></code>
to the configuration above:</p>
<div class="highlight-apache"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nb">WSGIScriptAlias</span> <span class="sx">/mysite</span> <span class="sx">/path/to/mysite.com/mysite/wsgi.py</span> process-group=example.com
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>See the official mod_wsgi documentation for <a class="reference external" href="http://code.google.com/p/modwsgi/wiki/QuickConfigurationGuide#Delegation_To_Daemon_Process">details on setting up daemon
mode</a>.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="s-serving-files">
<span id="s-id1"></span><span id="serving-files"></span><span id="id1"></span><h2>Serving files<a class="headerlink" href="#serving-files" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Django doesn’t serve files itself; it leaves that job to whichever Web
server you choose.</p>
<p>We recommend using a separate Web server – i.e., one that’s not also running
Django – for serving media. Here are some good choices:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><a class="reference external" href="http://wiki.nginx.org/Main">Nginx</a></li>
<li>A stripped-down version of <a class="reference external" href="http://httpd.apache.org/">Apache</a></li>
</ul>
<p>If, however, you have no option but to serve media files on the same Apache
<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">VirtualHost</span></code> as Django, you can set up Apache to serve some URLs as
static media, and others using the mod_wsgi interface to Django.</p>
<p>This example sets up Django at the site root, but serves <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">robots.txt</span></code>,
<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">favicon.ico</span></code>, and anything in the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">/static/</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">/media/</span></code> URL space as
a static file. All other URLs will be served using mod_wsgi:</p>
<div class="highlight-apache"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nb">Alias</span> <span class="sx">/robots.txt</span> <span class="sx">/path/to/mysite.com/static/robots.txt</span>
<span class="nb">Alias</span> <span class="sx">/favicon.ico</span> <span class="sx">/path/to/mysite.com/static/favicon.ico</span>
<span class="nb">Alias</span> <span class="sx">/media/</span> <span class="sx">/path/to/mysite.com/media/</span>
<span class="nb">Alias</span> <span class="sx">/static/</span> <span class="sx">/path/to/mysite.com/static/</span>
<span class="nt"><Directory</span> <span class="s">/path/to/mysite.com/static</span><span class="nt">></span>
<span class="nb">Require</span> <span class="k">all</span> granted
<span class="nt"></Directory></span>
<span class="nt"><Directory</span> <span class="s">/path/to/mysite.com/media</span><span class="nt">></span>
<span class="nb">Require</span> <span class="k">all</span> granted
<span class="nt"></Directory></span>
<span class="nb">WSGIScriptAlias</span> / <span class="sx">/path/to/mysite.com/mysite/wsgi.py</span>
<span class="nt"><Directory</span> <span class="s">/path/to/mysite.com/mysite</span><span class="nt">></span>
<span class="nt"><Files</span> <span class="s">wsgi.py</span><span class="nt">></span>
<span class="nb">Require</span> <span class="k">all</span> granted
<span class="nt"></Files></span>
<span class="nt"></Directory></span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>If you are using a version of Apache older than 2.4, replace
<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Require</span> <span class="pre">all</span> <span class="pre">granted</span></code> with <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Allow</span> <span class="pre">from</span> <span class="pre">all</span></code> and also add the line
<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Order</span> <span class="pre">deny,allow</span></code> above it.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="s-serving-the-admin-files">
<span id="s-id3"></span><span id="serving-the-admin-files"></span><span id="id3"></span><h2>Serving the admin files<a class="headerlink" href="#serving-the-admin-files" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>When <a class="reference internal" href="../../../ref/contrib/staticfiles.html#module-django.contrib.staticfiles" title="django.contrib.staticfiles: An app for handling static files."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">django.contrib.staticfiles</span></code></a> is in <a class="reference internal" href="../../../ref/settings.html#std:setting-INSTALLED_APPS"><code class="xref std std-setting docutils literal"><span class="pre">INSTALLED_APPS</span></code></a>, the
Django development server automatically serves the static files of the
admin app (and any other installed apps). This is however not the case when you
use any other server arrangement. You’re responsible for setting up Apache, or
whichever Web server you’re using, to serve the admin files.</p>
<p>The admin files live in (<code class="file docutils literal"><span class="pre">django/contrib/admin/static/admin</span></code>) of the
Django distribution.</p>
<p>We <strong>strongly</strong> recommend using <a class="reference internal" href="../../../ref/contrib/staticfiles.html#module-django.contrib.staticfiles" title="django.contrib.staticfiles: An app for handling static files."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">django.contrib.staticfiles</span></code></a> to handle the
admin files (along with a Web server as outlined in the previous section; this
means using the <a class="reference internal" href="../../../ref/contrib/staticfiles.html#django-admin-collectstatic"><code class="xref std std-djadmin docutils literal"><span class="pre">collectstatic</span></code></a> management command to collect the
static files in <a class="reference internal" href="../../../ref/settings.html#std:setting-STATIC_ROOT"><code class="xref std std-setting docutils literal"><span class="pre">STATIC_ROOT</span></code></a>, and then configuring your Web server to
serve <a class="reference internal" href="../../../ref/settings.html#std:setting-STATIC_ROOT"><code class="xref std std-setting docutils literal"><span class="pre">STATIC_ROOT</span></code></a> at <a class="reference internal" href="../../../ref/settings.html#std:setting-STATIC_URL"><code class="xref std std-setting docutils literal"><span class="pre">STATIC_URL</span></code></a>), but here are three
other approaches:</p>
<ol class="arabic simple">
<li>Create a symbolic link to the admin static files from within your
document root (this may require <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">+FollowSymLinks</span></code> in your Apache
configuration).</li>
<li>Use an <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Alias</span></code> directive, as demonstrated above, to alias the appropriate
URL (probably <a class="reference internal" href="../../../ref/settings.html#std:setting-STATIC_URL"><code class="xref std std-setting docutils literal"><span class="pre">STATIC_URL</span></code></a> + <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">admin/</span></code>) to the actual location of
the admin files.</li>
<li>Copy the admin static files so that they live within your Apache
document root.</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="section" id="s-authenticating-against-django-s-user-database-from-apache">
<span id="authenticating-against-django-s-user-database-from-apache"></span><h2>Authenticating against Django’s user database from Apache<a class="headerlink" href="#authenticating-against-django-s-user-database-from-apache" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Django provides a handler to allow Apache to authenticate users directly
against Django’s authentication backends. See the <a class="reference internal" href="apache-auth.html"><span class="doc">mod_wsgi authentication
documentation</span></a>.</p>
</div>
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<h3><a href="../../../contents.html">Table Of Contents</a></h3>
<ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">How to use Django with Apache and mod_wsgi</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#basic-configuration">Basic configuration</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#using-a-virtualenv">Using a virtualenv</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#using-mod-wsgi-daemon-mode">Using mod_wsgi daemon mode</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#serving-files">Serving files</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#serving-the-admin-files">Serving the admin files</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#authenticating-against-django-s-user-database-from-apache">Authenticating against Django’s user database from Apache</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
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