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<div class="yui-g" id="howto-static-files-deployment">
<div class="section" id="s-deploying-static-files">
<span id="deploying-static-files"></span><h1>Deploying static files<a class="headerlink" href="#deploying-static-files" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<div class="admonition seealso">
<p class="first admonition-title">See also</p>
<p class="last">For an introduction to the use of <a class="reference internal" href="../../ref/contrib/staticfiles.html#module-django.contrib.staticfiles" title="django.contrib.staticfiles: An app for handling static files."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">django.contrib.staticfiles</span></code></a>, see
<a class="reference internal" href="index.html"><span class="doc">Managing static files (e.g. images, JavaScript, CSS)</span></a>.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="s-serving-static-files-in-production">
<span id="s-staticfiles-production"></span><span id="serving-static-files-in-production"></span><span id="staticfiles-production"></span><h2>Serving static files in production<a class="headerlink" href="#serving-static-files-in-production" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>The basic outline of putting static files into production is simple: run the
<a class="reference internal" href="../../ref/contrib/staticfiles.html#django-admin-collectstatic"><code class="xref std std-djadmin docutils literal"><span class="pre">collectstatic</span></code></a> command when static files change, then arrange for
the collected static files directory (<a class="reference internal" href="../../ref/settings.html#std:setting-STATIC_ROOT"><code class="xref std std-setting docutils literal"><span class="pre">STATIC_ROOT</span></code></a>) to be moved to
the static file server and served. Depending on <a class="reference internal" href="../../ref/settings.html#std:setting-STATICFILES_STORAGE"><code class="xref std std-setting docutils literal"><span class="pre">STATICFILES_STORAGE</span></code></a>,
files may need to be moved to a new location manually or the <a class="reference internal" href="../../ref/contrib/staticfiles.html#django.contrib.staticfiles.storage.StaticFilesStorage.post_process" title="django.contrib.staticfiles.storage.StaticFilesStorage.post_process"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">post_process</span></code></a> method
of the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Storage</span></code> class might take care of that.</p>
<p>Of course, as with all deployment tasks, the devil’s in the details. Every
production setup will be a bit different, so you’ll need to adapt the basic
outline to fit your needs. Below are a few common patterns that might help.</p>
<div class="section" id="s-serving-the-site-and-your-static-files-from-the-same-server">
<span id="serving-the-site-and-your-static-files-from-the-same-server"></span><h3>Serving the site and your static files from the same server<a class="headerlink" href="#serving-the-site-and-your-static-files-from-the-same-server" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<p>If you want to serve your static files from the same server that’s already
serving your site, the process may look something like:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li>Push your code up to the deployment server.</li>
<li>On the server, run <a class="reference internal" href="../../ref/contrib/staticfiles.html#django-admin-collectstatic"><code class="xref std std-djadmin docutils literal"><span class="pre">collectstatic</span></code></a> to copy all the static files
into <a class="reference internal" href="../../ref/settings.html#std:setting-STATIC_ROOT"><code class="xref std std-setting docutils literal"><span class="pre">STATIC_ROOT</span></code></a>.</li>
<li>Configure your web server to serve the files in <a class="reference internal" href="../../ref/settings.html#std:setting-STATIC_ROOT"><code class="xref std std-setting docutils literal"><span class="pre">STATIC_ROOT</span></code></a>
under the URL <a class="reference internal" href="../../ref/settings.html#std:setting-STATIC_URL"><code class="xref std std-setting docutils literal"><span class="pre">STATIC_URL</span></code></a>. For example, here’s
<a class="reference internal" href="../deployment/wsgi/modwsgi.html#serving-files"><span class="std std-ref">how to do this with Apache and mod_wsgi</span></a>.</li>
</ul>
<p>You’ll probably want to automate this process, especially if you’ve got
multiple web servers. There’s any number of ways to do this automation, but
one option that many Django developers enjoy is <a class="reference external" href="http://fabfile.org/">Fabric</a>.</p>
<p>Below, and in the following sections, we’ll show off a few example fabfiles
(i.e. Fabric scripts) that automate these file deployment options. The syntax
of a fabfile is fairly straightforward but won’t be covered here; consult
<a class="reference external" href="http://docs.fabfile.org/">Fabric’s documentation</a>, for a complete
explanation of the syntax.</p>
<p>So, a fabfile to deploy static files to a couple of web servers might look
something like:</p>
<div class="highlight-default"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">fabric.api</span> <span class="k">import</span> <span class="o">*</span>
<span class="c1"># Hosts to deploy onto</span>
<span class="n">env</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">hosts</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'www1.example.com'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'www2.example.com'</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="c1"># Where your project code lives on the server</span>
<span class="n">env</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">project_root</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">'/home/www/myproject'</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">deploy_static</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="k">with</span> <span class="n">cd</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">env</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">project_root</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">run</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'./manage.py collectstatic -v0 --noinput'</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="s-serving-static-files-from-a-dedicated-server">
<span id="serving-static-files-from-a-dedicated-server"></span><h3>Serving static files from a dedicated server<a class="headerlink" href="#serving-static-files-from-a-dedicated-server" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<p>Most larger Django sites use a separate Web server – i.e., one that’s not also
running Django – for serving static files. This server often runs a different
type of web server – faster but less full-featured. Some common choices are:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><a class="reference external" href="http://wiki.nginx.org/Main">Nginx</a></li>
<li>A stripped-down version of <a class="reference external" href="http://httpd.apache.org/">Apache</a></li>
</ul>
<p>Configuring these servers is out of scope of this document; check each
server’s respective documentation for instructions.</p>
<p>Since your static file server won’t be running Django, you’ll need to modify
the deployment strategy to look something like:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li>When your static files change, run <a class="reference internal" href="../../ref/contrib/staticfiles.html#django-admin-collectstatic"><code class="xref std std-djadmin docutils literal"><span class="pre">collectstatic</span></code></a> locally.</li>
<li>Push your local <a class="reference internal" href="../../ref/settings.html#std:setting-STATIC_ROOT"><code class="xref std std-setting docutils literal"><span class="pre">STATIC_ROOT</span></code></a> up to the static file server into the
directory that’s being served. <a class="reference external" href="https://rsync.samba.org/">rsync</a> is a
common choice for this step since it only needs to transfer the bits of
static files that have changed.</li>
</ul>
<p>Here’s how this might look in a fabfile:</p>
<div class="highlight-default"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">fabric.api</span> <span class="k">import</span> <span class="o">*</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">fabric.contrib</span> <span class="k">import</span> <span class="n">project</span>
<span class="c1"># Where the static files get collected locally. Your STATIC_ROOT setting.</span>
<span class="n">env</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">local_static_root</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">'/path/to/static'</span>
<span class="c1"># Where the static files should go remotely</span>
<span class="n">env</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">remote_static_root</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">'/home/www/static.example.com'</span>
<span class="nd">@roles</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'static'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">deploy_static</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="n">local</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'./manage.py collectstatic'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">project</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">rsync_project</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="n">remote_dir</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">env</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">remote_static_root</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">local_dir</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">env</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">local_static_root</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">delete</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">True</span>
<span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="s-serving-static-files-from-a-cloud-service-or-cdn">
<span id="s-staticfiles-from-cdn"></span><span id="serving-static-files-from-a-cloud-service-or-cdn"></span><span id="staticfiles-from-cdn"></span><h3>Serving static files from a cloud service or CDN<a class="headerlink" href="#serving-static-files-from-a-cloud-service-or-cdn" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<p>Another common tactic is to serve static files from a cloud storage provider
like Amazon’s S3 and/or a CDN (content delivery network). This lets you
ignore the problems of serving static files and can often make for
faster-loading webpages (especially when using a CDN).</p>
<p>When using these services, the basic workflow would look a bit like the above,
except that instead of using <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">rsync</span></code> to transfer your static files to the
server you’d need to transfer the static files to the storage provider or CDN.</p>
<p>There’s any number of ways you might do this, but if the provider has an API a
<a class="reference internal" href="../custom-file-storage.html"><span class="doc">custom file storage backend</span></a> will make the
process incredibly simple. If you’ve written or are using a 3rd party custom
storage backend, you can tell <a class="reference internal" href="../../ref/contrib/staticfiles.html#django-admin-collectstatic"><code class="xref std std-djadmin docutils literal"><span class="pre">collectstatic</span></code></a> to use it by setting
<a class="reference internal" href="../../ref/settings.html#std:setting-STATICFILES_STORAGE"><code class="xref std std-setting docutils literal"><span class="pre">STATICFILES_STORAGE</span></code></a> to the storage engine.</p>
<p>For example, if you’ve written an S3 storage backend in
<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">myproject.storage.S3Storage</span></code> you could use it with:</p>
<div class="highlight-default"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">STATICFILES_STORAGE</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">'myproject.storage.S3Storage'</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Once that’s done, all you have to do is run <a class="reference internal" href="../../ref/contrib/staticfiles.html#django-admin-collectstatic"><code class="xref std std-djadmin docutils literal"><span class="pre">collectstatic</span></code></a> and your
static files would be pushed through your storage package up to S3. If you
later needed to switch to a different storage provider, it could be as simple
as changing your <a class="reference internal" href="../../ref/settings.html#std:setting-STATICFILES_STORAGE"><code class="xref std std-setting docutils literal"><span class="pre">STATICFILES_STORAGE</span></code></a> setting.</p>
<p>For details on how you’d write one of these backends, see
<a class="reference internal" href="../custom-file-storage.html"><span class="doc">Writing a custom storage system</span></a>. There are 3rd party apps available that
provide storage backends for many common file storage APIs. A good starting
point is the <a class="reference external" href="https://www.djangopackages.com/grids/g/storage-backends/">overview at djangopackages.com</a>.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="s-learn-more">
<span id="learn-more"></span><h2>Learn more<a class="headerlink" href="#learn-more" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>For complete details on all the settings, commands, template tags, and other
pieces included in <a class="reference internal" href="../../ref/contrib/staticfiles.html#module-django.contrib.staticfiles" title="django.contrib.staticfiles: An app for handling static files."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">django.contrib.staticfiles</span></code></a>, see <a class="reference internal" href="../../ref/contrib/staticfiles.html"><span class="doc">the
staticfiles reference</span></a>.</p>
</div>
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<h3><a href="../../contents.html">Table Of Contents</a></h3>
<ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">Deploying static files</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#serving-static-files-in-production">Serving static files in production</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#serving-the-site-and-your-static-files-from-the-same-server">Serving the site and your static files from the same server</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#serving-static-files-from-a-dedicated-server">Serving static files from a dedicated server</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#serving-static-files-from-a-cloud-service-or-cdn">Serving static files from a cloud service or CDN</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#learn-more">Learn more</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3>Browse</h3>
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