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<h1><a href="../../index.html">Django 1.8.19 documentation</a></h1>
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<div class="section" id="s-the-file-object">
<span id="the-file-object"></span><h1>The <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">File</span></code> object<a class="headerlink" href="#the-file-object" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<p>The <a class="reference internal" href="index.html#module-django.core.files" title="django.core.files: File handling and storage"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">django.core.files</span></code></a> module and its submodules contain built-in classes
for basic file handling in Django.</p>
<div class="section" id="s-the-file-class">
<span id="the-file-class"></span><h2>The <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">File</span></code> Class<a class="headerlink" href="#the-file-class" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<dl class="class">
<dt id="django.core.files.File">
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descname">File</code>(<em>file_object</em>)<a class="reference internal" href="../../_modules/django/core/files/base.html#File"><span class="viewcode-link">[source]</span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#django.core.files.File" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>The <a class="reference internal" href="#django.core.files.File" title="django.core.files.File"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">File</span></code></a> class is a thin wrapper around a Python
<span class="xref std std-term">file object</span> with some Django-specific additions.
Internally, Django uses this class when it needs to represent a file.</p>
<p><a class="reference internal" href="#django.core.files.File" title="django.core.files.File"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">File</span></code></a> objects have the following attributes and methods:</p>
<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="django.core.files.File.name">
<code class="descname">name</code><a class="headerlink" href="#django.core.files.File.name" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>The name of the file including the relative path from
<a class="reference internal" href="../settings.html#std:setting-MEDIA_ROOT"><code class="xref std std-setting docutils literal"><span class="pre">MEDIA_ROOT</span></code></a>.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="django.core.files.File.size">
<code class="descname">size</code><a class="headerlink" href="#django.core.files.File.size" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>The size of the file in bytes.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="django.core.files.File.file">
<code class="descname">file</code><a class="headerlink" href="#django.core.files.File.file" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>The underlying <span class="xref std std-term">file object</span> that this class wraps.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="django.core.files.File.mode">
<code class="descname">mode</code><a class="headerlink" href="#django.core.files.File.mode" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>The read/write mode for the file.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="django.core.files.File.open">
<code class="descname">open</code>(<em>mode=None</em>)<a class="reference internal" href="../../_modules/django/core/files/base.html#File.open"><span class="viewcode-link">[source]</span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#django.core.files.File.open" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Open or reopen the file (which also does <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">File.seek(0)</span></code>).
The <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">mode</span></code> argument allows the same values
as Python’s built-in <code class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">python:open()</span></code>.</p>
<p>When reopening a file, <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">mode</span></code> will override whatever mode the file
was originally opened with; <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">None</span></code> means to reopen with the original
mode.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="django.core.files.File.read">
<code class="descname">read</code>(<em>num_bytes=None</em>)<a class="headerlink" href="#django.core.files.File.read" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Read content from the file. The optional <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">size</span></code> is the number of
bytes to read; if not specified, the file will be read to the end.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="django.core.files.File.__iter__">
<code class="descname">__iter__</code>()<a class="reference internal" href="../../_modules/django/core/files/base.html#File.__iter__"><span class="viewcode-link">[source]</span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#django.core.files.File.__iter__" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Iterate over the file yielding one line at a time.</p>
<div class="versionchanged">
<span class="title">Changed in Django 1.8:</span> <p><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">File</span></code> now uses <a class="reference external" href="https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0278">universal newlines</a>. The following are
recognized as ending a line: the Unix end-of-line convention
<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'\n'</span></code>, the Windows convention <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'\r\n'</span></code>, and the old Macintosh
convention <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'\r'</span></code>.</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="django.core.files.File.chunks">
<code class="descname">chunks</code>(<em>chunk_size=None</em>)<a class="reference internal" href="../../_modules/django/core/files/base.html#File.chunks"><span class="viewcode-link">[source]</span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#django.core.files.File.chunks" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Iterate over the file yielding “chunks” of a given size. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">chunk_size</span></code>
defaults to 64 KB.</p>
<p>This is especially useful with very large files since it allows them to
be streamed off disk and avoids storing the whole file in memory.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="django.core.files.File.multiple_chunks">
<code class="descname">multiple_chunks</code>(<em>chunk_size=None</em>)<a class="reference internal" href="../../_modules/django/core/files/base.html#File.multiple_chunks"><span class="viewcode-link">[source]</span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#django.core.files.File.multiple_chunks" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Returns <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">True</span></code> if the file is large enough to require multiple chunks
to access all of its content give some <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">chunk_size</span></code>.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="django.core.files.File.write">
<code class="descname">write</code>(<em>content</em>)<a class="headerlink" href="#django.core.files.File.write" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Writes the specified content string to the file. Depending on the
storage system behind the scenes, this content might not be fully
committed until <a class="reference internal" href="#django.core.files.File.close" title="django.core.files.File.close"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">close()</span></code></a> is called on the file.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="django.core.files.File.close">
<code class="descname">close</code>()<a class="reference internal" href="../../_modules/django/core/files/base.html#File.close"><span class="viewcode-link">[source]</span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#django.core.files.File.close" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Close the file.</p>
</dd></dl>
<p>In addition to the listed methods, <a class="reference internal" href="#django.core.files.File" title="django.core.files.File"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">File</span></code></a> exposes
the following attributes and methods of its <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">file</span></code> object:
<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">encoding</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">fileno</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">flush</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">isatty</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">newlines</span></code>,
<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">read</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">readinto</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">readlines</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">seek</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">softspace</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">tell</span></code>,
<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">truncate</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">writelines</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">xreadlines</span></code>.</p>
</dd></dl>
</div>
<div class="section" id="s-the-contentfile-class">
<span id="the-contentfile-class"></span><h2>The <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ContentFile</span></code> Class<a class="headerlink" href="#the-contentfile-class" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<dl class="class">
<dt id="django.core.files.base.ContentFile">
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descname">ContentFile</code>(<em>File</em>)<a class="reference internal" href="../../_modules/django/core/files/base.html#ContentFile"><span class="viewcode-link">[source]</span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#django.core.files.base.ContentFile" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>The <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ContentFile</span></code> class inherits from <a class="reference internal" href="#django.core.files.File" title="django.core.files.File"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">File</span></code></a>,
but unlike <a class="reference internal" href="#django.core.files.File" title="django.core.files.File"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">File</span></code></a> it operates on string content
(bytes also supported), rather than an actual file. For example:</p>
<div class="highlight-default"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">__future__</span> <span class="k">import</span> <span class="n">unicode_literals</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">django.core.files.base</span> <span class="k">import</span> <span class="n">ContentFile</span>
<span class="n">f1</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ContentFile</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"esta sentencia está en español"</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">f2</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ContentFile</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">b</span><span class="s2">"these are bytes"</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>
</div>
<div class="section" id="s-the-imagefile-class">
<span id="the-imagefile-class"></span><h2>The <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ImageFile</span></code> Class<a class="headerlink" href="#the-imagefile-class" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<dl class="class">
<dt id="django.core.files.images.ImageFile">
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descname">ImageFile</code>(<em>file_object</em>)<a class="reference internal" href="../../_modules/django/core/files/images.html#ImageFile"><span class="viewcode-link">[source]</span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#django.core.files.images.ImageFile" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Django provides a built-in class specifically for images.
<a class="reference internal" href="#django.core.files.images.ImageFile" title="django.core.files.images.ImageFile"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">django.core.files.images.ImageFile</span></code></a> inherits all the attributes
and methods of <a class="reference internal" href="#django.core.files.File" title="django.core.files.File"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">File</span></code></a>, and additionally
provides the following:</p>
<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="django.core.files.images.ImageFile.width">
<code class="descname">width</code><a class="headerlink" href="#django.core.files.images.ImageFile.width" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Width of the image in pixels.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="django.core.files.images.ImageFile.height">
<code class="descname">height</code><a class="headerlink" href="#django.core.files.images.ImageFile.height" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Height of the image in pixels.</p>
</dd></dl>
</dd></dl>
</div>
<div class="section" id="s-additional-methods-on-files-attached-to-objects">
<span id="additional-methods-on-files-attached-to-objects"></span><h2>Additional methods on files attached to objects<a class="headerlink" href="#additional-methods-on-files-attached-to-objects" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Any <a class="reference internal" href="#django.core.files.File" title="django.core.files.File"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">File</span></code></a> that is associated with an object (as with <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Car.photo</span></code>,
below) will also have a couple of extra methods:</p>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="django.core.files.File.save">
<code class="descclassname">File.</code><code class="descname">save</code>(<em>name</em>, <em>content</em>, <em>save=True</em>)<a class="headerlink" href="#django.core.files.File.save" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Saves a new file with the file name and contents provided. This will not
replace the existing file, but will create a new file and update the object
to point to it. If <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">save</span></code> is <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">True</span></code>, the model’s <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">save()</span></code> method will
be called once the file is saved. That is, these two lines:</p>
<div class="highlight-default"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">car</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">photo</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">save</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'myphoto.jpg'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">content</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">save</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">car</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">save</span><span class="p">()</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>are equivalent to:</p>
<div class="highlight-default"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">car</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">photo</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">save</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'myphoto.jpg'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">content</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">save</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Note that the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">content</span></code> argument must be an instance of either
<a class="reference internal" href="#django.core.files.File" title="django.core.files.File"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">File</span></code></a> or of a subclass of <a class="reference internal" href="#django.core.files.File" title="django.core.files.File"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">File</span></code></a>, such as
<a class="reference internal" href="#django.core.files.base.ContentFile" title="django.core.files.base.ContentFile"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">ContentFile</span></code></a>.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="django.core.files.File.delete">
<code class="descclassname">File.</code><code class="descname">delete</code>(<em>save=True</em>)<a class="headerlink" href="#django.core.files.File.delete" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Removes the file from the model instance and deletes the underlying file.
If <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">save</span></code> is <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">True</span></code>, the model’s <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">save()</span></code> method will be called once
the file is deleted.</p>
</dd></dl>
</div>
</div>
</div>
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<h3><a href="../../contents.html">Table Of Contents</a></h3>
<ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">The <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">File</span></code> object</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#the-file-class">The <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">File</span></code> Class</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#the-contentfile-class">The <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ContentFile</span></code> Class</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#the-imagefile-class">The <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ImageFile</span></code> Class</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#additional-methods-on-files-attached-to-objects">Additional methods on files attached to objects</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
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