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  <div class="section" id="s-django-1-7-3-release-notes">
<span id="django-1-7-3-release-notes"></span><h1>Django 1.7.3 release notes<a class="headerlink" href="#django-1-7-3-release-notes" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<p><em>January 13, 2015</em></p>
<p>Django 1.7.3 fixes several security issues and bugs in 1.7.2.</p>
<div class="section" id="s-wsgi-header-spoofing-via-underscore-dash-conflation">
<span id="wsgi-header-spoofing-via-underscore-dash-conflation"></span><h2>WSGI header spoofing via underscore/dash conflation<a class="headerlink" href="#wsgi-header-spoofing-via-underscore-dash-conflation" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>When HTTP headers are placed into the WSGI environ, they are normalized by
converting to uppercase, converting all dashes to underscores, and prepending
<cite>HTTP_</cite>. For instance, a header <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">X-Auth-User</span></code> would become
<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">HTTP_X_AUTH_USER</span></code> in the WSGI environ (and thus also in Django&#8217;s
<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">request.META</span></code> dictionary).</p>
<p>Unfortunately, this means that the WSGI environ cannot distinguish between
headers containing dashes and headers containing underscores: <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">X-Auth-User</span></code>
and <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">X-Auth_User</span></code> both become <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">HTTP_X_AUTH_USER</span></code>. This means that if a
header is used in a security-sensitive way (for instance, passing
authentication information along from a front-end proxy), even if the proxy
carefully strips any incoming value for <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">X-Auth-User</span></code>, an attacker may be
able to provide an <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">X-Auth_User</span></code> header (with underscore) and bypass this
protection.</p>
<p>In order to prevent such attacks, both Nginx and Apache 2.4+ strip all headers
containing underscores from incoming requests by default. Django&#8217;s built-in
development server now does the same. Django&#8217;s development server is not
recommended for production use, but matching the behavior of common production
servers reduces the surface area for behavior changes during deployment.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="s-mitigated-possible-xss-attack-via-user-supplied-redirect-urls">
<span id="mitigated-possible-xss-attack-via-user-supplied-redirect-urls"></span><h2>Mitigated possible XSS attack via user-supplied redirect URLs<a class="headerlink" href="#mitigated-possible-xss-attack-via-user-supplied-redirect-urls" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Django relies on user input in some cases (e.g.
<a class="reference internal" href="../topics/auth/default.html#django.contrib.auth.views.login" title="django.contrib.auth.views.login"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">django.contrib.auth.views.login()</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="../topics/i18n/index.html"><span class="doc">i18n</span></a>)
to redirect the user to an &#8220;on success&#8221; URL. The security checks for these
redirects (namely <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">django.utils.http.is_safe_url()</span></code>) didn&#8217;t strip leading
whitespace on the tested URL and as such considered URLs like
<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\njavascript:...</span></code> safe. If a developer relied on <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">is_safe_url()</span></code> to
provide safe redirect targets and put such a URL into a link, they could suffer
from a XSS attack. This bug doesn&#8217;t affect Django currently, since we only put
this URL into the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Location</span></code> response header and browsers seem to ignore
JavaScript there.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="s-denial-of-service-attack-against-django-views-static-serve">
<span id="denial-of-service-attack-against-django-views-static-serve"></span><h2>Denial-of-service attack against <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">django.views.static.serve</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#denial-of-service-attack-against-django-views-static-serve" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>In older versions of Django, the <a class="reference internal" href="../ref/views.html#django.views.static.serve" title="django.views.static.serve"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">django.views.static.serve()</span></code></a> view read
the files it served one line at a time. Therefore, a big file with no newlines
would result in memory usage equal to the size of that file. An attacker could
exploit this and launch a denial-of-service attack by simultaneously requesting
many large files. This view now reads the file in chunks to prevent large
memory usage.</p>
<p>Note, however, that this view has always carried a warning that it is not
hardened for production use and should be used only as a development aid. Now
may be a good time to audit your project and serve your files in production
using a real front-end web server if you are not doing so.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="s-database-denial-of-service-with-modelmultiplechoicefield">
<span id="database-denial-of-service-with-modelmultiplechoicefield"></span><h2>Database denial-of-service with <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ModelMultipleChoiceField</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#database-denial-of-service-with-modelmultiplechoicefield" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Given a form that uses <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ModelMultipleChoiceField</span></code> and
<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">show_hidden_initial=True</span></code> (not a documented API), it was possible for a user
to cause an unreasonable number of SQL queries by submitting duplicate values
for the field&#8217;s data. The validation logic in <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ModelMultipleChoiceField</span></code> now
deduplicates submitted values to address this issue.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="s-bugfixes">
<span id="bugfixes"></span><h2>Bugfixes<a class="headerlink" href="#bugfixes" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<ul class="simple">
<li>The default iteration count for the PBKDF2 password hasher has been
increased by 25%. This part of the normal major release process was
inadvertently omitted in 1.7. This backwards compatible change will not
affect users who have subclassed
<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">django.contrib.auth.hashers.PBKDF2PasswordHasher</span></code> to change the
default value.</li>
<li>Fixed a crash in the CSRF middleware when handling non-ASCII referer header
(<a class="reference external" href="https://code.djangoproject.com/ticket/23815">#23815</a>).</li>
<li>Fixed a crash in the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">django.contrib.auth.redirect_to_login</span></code> view when
passing a <a class="reference internal" href="../ref/urlresolvers.html#django.core.urlresolvers.reverse_lazy" title="django.core.urlresolvers.reverse_lazy"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">reverse_lazy()</span></code></a> result on Python 3
(<a class="reference external" href="https://code.djangoproject.com/ticket/24097">#24097</a>).</li>
<li>Added correct formats for Greek (<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">el</span></code>) (<a class="reference external" href="https://code.djangoproject.com/ticket/23967">#23967</a>).</li>
<li>Fixed a migration crash when unapplying a migration where multiple operations
interact with the same model (<a class="reference external" href="https://code.djangoproject.com/ticket/24110">#24110</a>).</li>
</ul>
</div>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">Django 1.7.3 release notes</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#wsgi-header-spoofing-via-underscore-dash-conflation">WSGI header spoofing via underscore/dash conflation</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#mitigated-possible-xss-attack-via-user-supplied-redirect-urls">Mitigated possible XSS attack via user-supplied redirect URLs</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#denial-of-service-attack-against-django-views-static-serve">Denial-of-service attack against <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">django.views.static.serve</span></code></a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#database-denial-of-service-with-modelmultiplechoicefield">Database denial-of-service with <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ModelMultipleChoiceField</span></code></a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#bugfixes">Bugfixes</a></li>
</ul>
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