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><H1
><A
NAME="APP-PGRESTORE"
></A
>pg_restore</H1
><DIV
CLASS="REFNAMEDIV"
><A
NAME="AEN90074"
></A
><H2
>Name</H2
>pg_restore -- restore a <SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>PostgreSQL</SPAN
> database from an
archive file created by <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>pg_dump</SPAN
>
</DIV
><DIV
CLASS="REFSYNOPSISDIV"
><A
NAME="AEN90079"
></A
><H2
>Synopsis</H2
><P
><TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>pg_restore</TT
> [<TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>connection-option</I
></TT
>...] [<TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>option</I
></TT
>...] [<TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>filename</I
></TT
>]</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="REFSECT1"
><A
NAME="APP-PGRESTORE-DESCRIPTION"
></A
><H2
>Description</H2
><P
> <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>pg_restore</SPAN
> is a utility for restoring a
<SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>PostgreSQL</SPAN
> database from an archive
created by <A
HREF="app-pgdump.html"
>pg_dump</A
> in one of the non-plain-text
formats. It will issue the commands necessary to reconstruct the
database to the state it was in at the time it was saved. The
archive files also allow <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>pg_restore</SPAN
> to
be selective about what is restored, or even to reorder the items
prior to being restored. The archive files are designed to be
portable across architectures.
</P
><P
> <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>pg_restore</SPAN
> can operate in two modes.
If a database name is specified, <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>pg_restore</SPAN
>
connects to that database and restores archive contents directly into
the database. Otherwise, a script containing the SQL
commands necessary to rebuild the database is created and written
to a file or standard output. This script output is equivalent to
the plain text output format of <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>pg_dump</SPAN
>.
Some of the options controlling the output are therefore analogous to
<SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>pg_dump</SPAN
> options.
</P
><P
> Obviously, <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>pg_restore</SPAN
> cannot restore information
that is not present in the archive file. For instance, if the
archive was made using the <SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"dump data as
<TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>INSERT</TT
> commands"</SPAN
> option,
<SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>pg_restore</SPAN
> will not be able to load the data
using <TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>COPY</TT
> statements.
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="REFSECT1"
><A
NAME="APP-PGRESTORE-OPTIONS"
></A
><H2
>Options</H2
><P
> <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>pg_restore</SPAN
> accepts the following command
line arguments.
<P
></P
></P><DIV
CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
><DL
><DT
><TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>filename</I
></TT
></DT
><DD
><P
> Specifies the location of the archive file (or directory, for a
directory-format archive) to be restored.
If not specified, the standard input is used.
</P
></DD
><DT
><TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>-a</TT
><BR><TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>--data-only</TT
></DT
><DD
><P
> Restore only the data, not the schema (data definitions).
Table data, large objects, and sequence values are restored,
if present in the archive.
</P
><P
> This option is similar to, but for historical reasons not identical
to, specifying <TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>--section=data</TT
>.
</P
></DD
><DT
><TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>-c</TT
><BR><TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>--clean</TT
></DT
><DD
><P
> Clean (drop) database objects before recreating them.
(Unless <TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>--if-exists</TT
> is used,
this might generate some harmless error messages, if any objects
were not present in the destination database.)
</P
></DD
><DT
><TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>-C</TT
><BR><TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>--create</TT
></DT
><DD
><P
> Create the database before restoring into it.
If <TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>--clean</TT
> is also specified, drop and
recreate the target database before connecting to it.
</P
><P
> When this option is used, the database named with <TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>-d</TT
>
is used only to issue the initial <TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>DROP DATABASE</TT
> and
<TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>CREATE DATABASE</TT
> commands. All data is restored into the
database name that appears in the archive.
</P
></DD
><DT
><TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>-d <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>dbname</I
></TT
></TT
><BR><TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>--dbname=<TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>dbname</I
></TT
></TT
></DT
><DD
><P
> Connect to database <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>dbname</I
></TT
> and restore directly
into the database.
</P
></DD
><DT
><TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>-e</TT
><BR><TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>--exit-on-error</TT
></DT
><DD
><P
> Exit if an error is encountered while sending SQL commands to
the database. The default is to continue and to display a count of
errors at the end of the restoration.
</P
></DD
><DT
><TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>-f <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>filename</I
></TT
></TT
><BR><TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>--file=<TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>filename</I
></TT
></TT
></DT
><DD
><P
> Specify output file for generated script, or for the listing
when used with <TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>-l</TT
>. Default is the standard
output.
</P
></DD
><DT
><TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>-F <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>format</I
></TT
></TT
><BR><TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>--format=<TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>format</I
></TT
></TT
></DT
><DD
><P
> Specify format of the archive. It is not necessary to specify
the format, since <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>pg_restore</SPAN
> will
determine the format automatically. If specified, it can be
one of the following:
<P
></P
></P><DIV
CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
><DL
><DT
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>c</TT
><BR><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>custom</TT
></DT
><DD
><P
> The archive is in the custom format of
<SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>pg_dump</SPAN
>.
</P
></DD
><DT
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>d</TT
><BR><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>directory</TT
></DT
><DD
><P
> The archive is a directory archive.
</P
></DD
><DT
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>t</TT
><BR><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>tar</TT
></DT
><DD
><P
> The archive is a <TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>tar</TT
> archive.
</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
><P></P
></DD
><DT
><TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>-i</TT
><BR><TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>--ignore-version</TT
></DT
><DD
><P
> A deprecated option that is now ignored.
</P
></DD
><DT
><TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>-I <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>index</I
></TT
></TT
><BR><TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>--index=<TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>index</I
></TT
></TT
></DT
><DD
><P
> Restore definition of named index only. Multiple indexes
may be specified with multiple <TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>-I</TT
> switches.
</P
></DD
><DT
><TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>-j <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>number-of-jobs</I
></TT
></TT
><BR><TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>--jobs=<TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>number-of-jobs</I
></TT
></TT
></DT
><DD
><P
> Run the most time-consuming parts
of <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>pg_restore</SPAN
> — those which load data,
create indexes, or create constraints — using multiple
concurrent jobs. This option can dramatically reduce the time
to restore a large database to a server running on a
multiprocessor machine.
</P
><P
> Each job is one process or one thread, depending on the
operating system, and uses a separate connection to the
server.
</P
><P
> The optimal value for this option depends on the hardware
setup of the server, of the client, and of the network.
Factors include the number of CPU cores and the disk setup. A
good place to start is the number of CPU cores on the server,
but values larger than that can also lead to faster restore
times in many cases. Of course, values that are too high will
lead to decreased performance because of thrashing.
</P
><P
> Only the custom and directory archive formats are supported
with this option.
The input must be a regular file or directory (not, for example, a
pipe). This option is ignored when emitting a script rather
than connecting directly to a database server. Also, multiple
jobs cannot be used together with the
option <TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>--single-transaction</TT
>.
</P
></DD
><DT
><TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>-l</TT
><BR><TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>--list</TT
></DT
><DD
><P
> List the contents of the archive. The output of this operation
can be used as input to the <TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>-L</TT
> option. Note that
if filtering switches such as <TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>-n</TT
> or <TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>-t</TT
> are
used with <TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>-l</TT
>, they will restrict the items listed.
</P
></DD
><DT
><TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>-L <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>list-file</I
></TT
></TT
><BR><TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>--use-list=<TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>list-file</I
></TT
></TT
></DT
><DD
><P
> Restore only those archive elements that are listed in <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>list-file</I
></TT
>, and restore them in the
order they appear in the file. Note that
if filtering switches such as <TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>-n</TT
> or <TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>-t</TT
> are
used with <TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>-L</TT
>, they will further restrict the items restored.
</P
><P
><TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>list-file</I
></TT
> is normally created by
editing the output of a previous <TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>-l</TT
> operation.
Lines can be moved or removed, and can also
be commented out by placing a semicolon (<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>;</TT
>) at the
start of the line. See below for examples.
</P
></DD
><DT
><TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>-n <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>namespace</I
></TT
></TT
><BR><TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>--schema=<TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>schema</I
></TT
></TT
></DT
><DD
><P
> Restore only objects that are in the named schema. Multiple schemas
may be specified with multiple <TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>-n</TT
> switches. This can be
combined with the <TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>-t</TT
> option to restore just a
specific table.
</P
></DD
><DT
><TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>-O</TT
><BR><TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>--no-owner</TT
></DT
><DD
><P
> Do not output commands to set
ownership of objects to match the original database.
By default, <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>pg_restore</SPAN
> issues
<TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>ALTER OWNER</TT
> or
<TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION</TT
>
statements to set ownership of created schema elements.
These statements will fail unless the initial connection to the
database is made by a superuser
(or the same user that owns all of the objects in the script).
With <TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>-O</TT
>, any user name can be used for the
initial connection, and this user will own all the created objects.
</P
></DD
><DT
><TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>-P <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>function-name(argtype [, ...])</I
></TT
></TT
><BR><TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>--function=<TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>function-name(argtype [, ...])</I
></TT
></TT
></DT
><DD
><P
> Restore the named function only. Be careful to spell the function
name and arguments exactly as they appear in the dump file's table
of contents. Multiple functions may be specified with multiple
<TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>-P</TT
> switches.
</P
></DD
><DT
><TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>-R</TT
><BR><TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>--no-reconnect</TT
></DT
><DD
><P
> This option is obsolete but still accepted for backwards
compatibility.
</P
></DD
><DT
><TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>-s</TT
><BR><TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>--schema-only</TT
></DT
><DD
><P
> Restore only the schema (data definitions), not data,
to the extent that schema entries are present in the archive.
</P
><P
> This option is the inverse of <TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>--data-only</TT
>.
It is similar to, but for historical reasons not identical to,
specifying
<TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>--section=pre-data --section=post-data</TT
>.
</P
><P
> (Do not confuse this with the <TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>--schema</TT
> option, which
uses the word <SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"schema"</SPAN
> in a different meaning.)
</P
></DD
><DT
><TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>-S <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>username</I
></TT
></TT
><BR><TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>--superuser=<TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>username</I
></TT
></TT
></DT
><DD
><P
> Specify the superuser user name to use when disabling triggers.
This is relevant only if <TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>--disable-triggers</TT
> is used.
</P
></DD
><DT
><TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>-t <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>table</I
></TT
></TT
><BR><TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>--table=<TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>table</I
></TT
></TT
></DT
><DD
><P
> Restore definition and/or data of named table only. Multiple tables
may be specified with multiple <TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>-t</TT
> switches. This can be
combined with the <TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>-n</TT
> option to specify a schema.
</P
></DD
><DT
><TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>-T <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>trigger</I
></TT
></TT
><BR><TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>--trigger=<TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>trigger</I
></TT
></TT
></DT
><DD
><P
> Restore named trigger only. Multiple triggers may be specified with
multiple <TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>-T</TT
> switches.
</P
></DD
><DT
><TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>-v</TT
><BR><TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>--verbose</TT
></DT
><DD
><P
> Specifies verbose mode.
</P
></DD
><DT
><TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>-V</TT
><BR><TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>--version</TT
></DT
><DD
><P
> Print the <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>pg_restore</SPAN
> version and exit.
</P
></DD
><DT
><TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>-x</TT
><BR><TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>--no-privileges</TT
><BR><TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>--no-acl</TT
></DT
><DD
><P
> Prevent restoration of access privileges (grant/revoke commands).
</P
></DD
><DT
><TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>-1</TT
><BR><TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>--single-transaction</TT
></DT
><DD
><P
> Execute the restore as a single transaction (that is, wrap the
emitted commands in <TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>BEGIN</TT
>/<TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>COMMIT</TT
>). This
ensures that either all the commands complete successfully, or no
changes are applied. This option implies
<TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>--exit-on-error</TT
>.
</P
></DD
><DT
><TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>--disable-triggers</TT
></DT
><DD
><P
> This option is relevant only when performing a data-only restore.
It instructs <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>pg_restore</SPAN
> to execute commands
to temporarily disable triggers on the target tables while
the data is reloaded. Use this if you have referential
integrity checks or other triggers on the tables that you
do not want to invoke during data reload.
</P
><P
> Presently, the commands emitted for
<TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>--disable-triggers</TT
> must be done as superuser. So you
should also specify a superuser name with <TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>-S</TT
> or,
preferably, run <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>pg_restore</SPAN
> as a
<SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>PostgreSQL</SPAN
> superuser.
</P
></DD
><DT
><TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>--if-exists</TT
></DT
><DD
><P
> Use conditional commands (i.e. add an <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>IF EXISTS</TT
>
clause) when cleaning database objects. This option is not valid
unless <TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>--clean</TT
> is also specified.
</P
></DD
><DT
><TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>--no-data-for-failed-tables</TT
></DT
><DD
><P
> By default, table data is restored even if the creation command
for the table failed (e.g., because it already exists).
With this option, data for such a table is skipped.
This behavior is useful if the target database already
contains the desired table contents. For example,
auxiliary tables for <SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>PostgreSQL</SPAN
> extensions
such as <SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>PostGIS</SPAN
> might already be loaded in
the target database; specifying this option prevents duplicate
or obsolete data from being loaded into them.
</P
><P
> This option is effective only when restoring directly into a
database, not when producing SQL script output.
</P
></DD
><DT
><TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>--no-security-labels</TT
></DT
><DD
><P
> Do not output commands to restore security labels,
even if the archive contains them.
</P
></DD
><DT
><TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>--no-tablespaces</TT
></DT
><DD
><P
> Do not output commands to select tablespaces.
With this option, all objects will be created in whichever
tablespace is the default during restore.
</P
></DD
><DT
><TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>--section=<TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>sectionname</I
></TT
></TT
></DT
><DD
><P
> Only restore the named section. The section name can be
<TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>pre-data</TT
>, <TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>data</TT
>, or <TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>post-data</TT
>.
This option can be specified more than once to select multiple
sections. The default is to restore all sections.
</P
><P
> The data section contains actual table data as well as large-object
definitions.
Post-data items consist of definitions of indexes, triggers, rules
and constraints other than validated check constraints.
Pre-data items consist of all other data definition items.
</P
></DD
><DT
><TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>--use-set-session-authorization</TT
></DT
><DD
><P
> Output SQL-standard <TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION</TT
> commands
instead of <TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>ALTER OWNER</TT
> commands to determine object
ownership. This makes the dump more standards-compatible, but
depending on the history of the objects in the dump, might not restore
properly.
</P
></DD
><DT
><TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>-?</TT
><BR><TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>--help</TT
></DT
><DD
><P
> Show help about <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>pg_restore</SPAN
> command line
arguments, and exit.
</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
><P>
</P
><P
> <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>pg_restore</SPAN
> also accepts
the following command line arguments for connection parameters:
<P
></P
></P><DIV
CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
><DL
><DT
><TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>-h <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>host</I
></TT
></TT
><BR><TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>--host=<TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>host</I
></TT
></TT
></DT
><DD
><P
> Specifies the host name of the machine on which the server is
running. If the value begins with a slash, it is used as the
directory for the Unix domain socket. The default is taken
from the <TT
CLASS="ENVAR"
>PGHOST</TT
> environment variable, if set,
else a Unix domain socket connection is attempted.
</P
></DD
><DT
><TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>-p <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>port</I
></TT
></TT
><BR><TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>--port=<TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>port</I
></TT
></TT
></DT
><DD
><P
> Specifies the TCP port or local Unix domain socket file
extension on which the server is listening for connections.
Defaults to the <TT
CLASS="ENVAR"
>PGPORT</TT
> environment variable, if
set, or a compiled-in default.
</P
></DD
><DT
><TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>-U <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>username</I
></TT
></TT
><BR><TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>--username=<TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>username</I
></TT
></TT
></DT
><DD
><P
> User name to connect as.
</P
></DD
><DT
><TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>-w</TT
><BR><TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>--no-password</TT
></DT
><DD
><P
> Never issue a password prompt. If the server requires
password authentication and a password is not available by
other means such as a <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>.pgpass</TT
> file, the
connection attempt will fail. This option can be useful in
batch jobs and scripts where no user is present to enter a
password.
</P
></DD
><DT
><TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>-W</TT
><BR><TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>--password</TT
></DT
><DD
><P
> Force <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>pg_restore</SPAN
> to prompt for a
password before connecting to a database.
</P
><P
> This option is never essential, since
<SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>pg_restore</SPAN
> will automatically prompt
for a password if the server demands password authentication.
However, <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>pg_restore</SPAN
> will waste a
connection attempt finding out that the server wants a password.
In some cases it is worth typing <TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>-W</TT
> to avoid the extra
connection attempt.
</P
></DD
><DT
><TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>--role=<TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>rolename</I
></TT
></TT
></DT
><DD
><P
> Specifies a role name to be used to perform the restore.
This option causes <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>pg_restore</SPAN
> to issue a
<TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>SET ROLE</TT
> <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>rolename</I
></TT
>
command after connecting to the database. It is useful when the
authenticated user (specified by <TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>-U</TT
>) lacks privileges
needed by <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>pg_restore</SPAN
>, but can switch to a role with
the required rights. Some installations have a policy against
logging in directly as a superuser, and use of this option allows
restores to be performed without violating the policy.
</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
><P>
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="REFSECT1"
><A
NAME="AEN90506"
></A
><H2
>Environment</H2
><P
></P
><DIV
CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
><DL
><DT
><TT
CLASS="ENVAR"
>PGHOST</TT
><BR><TT
CLASS="ENVAR"
>PGOPTIONS</TT
><BR><TT
CLASS="ENVAR"
>PGPORT</TT
><BR><TT
CLASS="ENVAR"
>PGUSER</TT
></DT
><DD
><P
> Default connection parameters
</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
><P
> This utility, like most other <SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>PostgreSQL</SPAN
> utilities,
also uses the environment variables supported by <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>libpq</SPAN
>
(see <A
HREF="libpq-envars.html"
>Section 31.14</A
>). However, it does not read
<TT
CLASS="ENVAR"
>PGDATABASE</TT
> when a database name is not supplied.
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="REFSECT1"
><A
NAME="APP-PGRESTORE-DIAGNOSTICS"
></A
><H2
>Diagnostics</H2
><P
> When a direct database connection is specified using the
<TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>-d</TT
> option, <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>pg_restore</SPAN
>
internally executes <ACRONYM
CLASS="ACRONYM"
>SQL</ACRONYM
> statements. If you have
problems running <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>pg_restore</SPAN
>, make sure
you are able to select information from the database using, for
example, <A
HREF="app-psql.html"
><SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>psql</SPAN
></A
>. Also, any default connection
settings and environment variables used by the
<SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>libpq</SPAN
> front-end library will apply.
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="REFSECT1"
><A
NAME="APP-PGRESTORE-NOTES"
></A
><H2
>Notes</H2
><P
> If your installation has any local additions to the
<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>template1</TT
> database, be careful to load the output of
<SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>pg_restore</SPAN
> into a truly empty database;
otherwise you are likely to get errors due to duplicate definitions
of the added objects. To make an empty database without any local
additions, copy from <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>template0</TT
> not <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>template1</TT
>, for example:
</P><PRE
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
>CREATE DATABASE foo WITH TEMPLATE template0;</PRE
><P>
</P
><P
> The limitations of <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>pg_restore</SPAN
> are detailed below.
<P
></P
></P><UL
><LI
><P
> When restoring data to a pre-existing table and the option
<TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>--disable-triggers</TT
> is used,
<SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>pg_restore</SPAN
> emits commands
to disable triggers on user tables before inserting the data, then emits commands to
re-enable them after the data has been inserted. If the restore is stopped in the
middle, the system catalogs might be left in the wrong state.
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
><SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>pg_restore</SPAN
> cannot restore large objects
selectively; for instance, only those for a specific table. If
an archive contains large objects, then all large objects will be
restored, or none of them if they are excluded via <TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>-L</TT
>,
<TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>-t</TT
>, or other options.
</P
></LI
></UL
><P>
</P
><P
> See also the <A
HREF="app-pgdump.html"
>pg_dump</A
> documentation for details on
limitations of <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>pg_dump</SPAN
>.
</P
><P
> Once restored, it is wise to run <TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>ANALYZE</TT
> on each
restored table so the optimizer has useful statistics; see
<A
HREF="routine-vacuuming.html#VACUUM-FOR-STATISTICS"
>Section 23.1.3</A
> and
<A
HREF="routine-vacuuming.html#AUTOVACUUM"
>Section 23.1.6</A
> for more information.
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="REFSECT1"
><A
NAME="APP-PGRESTORE-EXAMPLES"
></A
><H2
>Examples</H2
><P
> Assume we have dumped a database called <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>mydb</TT
> into a
custom-format dump file:
</P><PRE
CLASS="SCREEN"
><SAMP
CLASS="PROMPT"
>$</SAMP
> <KBD
CLASS="USERINPUT"
>pg_dump -Fc mydb > db.dump</KBD
></PRE
><P>
</P
><P
> To drop the database and recreate it from the dump:
</P><PRE
CLASS="SCREEN"
><SAMP
CLASS="PROMPT"
>$</SAMP
> <KBD
CLASS="USERINPUT"
>dropdb mydb</KBD
>
<SAMP
CLASS="PROMPT"
>$</SAMP
> <KBD
CLASS="USERINPUT"
>pg_restore -C -d postgres db.dump</KBD
></PRE
><P>
The database named in the <TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>-d</TT
> switch can be any database existing
in the cluster; <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>pg_restore</SPAN
> only uses it to issue the
<TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>CREATE DATABASE</TT
> command for <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>mydb</TT
>. With
<TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>-C</TT
>, data is always restored into the database name that appears
in the dump file.
</P
><P
> To reload the dump into a new database called <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>newdb</TT
>:
</P><PRE
CLASS="SCREEN"
><SAMP
CLASS="PROMPT"
>$</SAMP
> <KBD
CLASS="USERINPUT"
>createdb -T template0 newdb</KBD
>
<SAMP
CLASS="PROMPT"
>$</SAMP
> <KBD
CLASS="USERINPUT"
>pg_restore -d newdb db.dump</KBD
></PRE
><P>
Notice we don't use <TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>-C</TT
>, and instead connect directly to the
database to be restored into. Also note that we clone the new database
from <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>template0</TT
> not <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>template1</TT
>, to ensure it is
initially empty.
</P
><P
> To reorder database items, it is first necessary to dump the table of
contents of the archive:
</P><PRE
CLASS="SCREEN"
><SAMP
CLASS="PROMPT"
>$</SAMP
> <KBD
CLASS="USERINPUT"
>pg_restore -l db.dump > db.list</KBD
></PRE
><P>
The listing file consists of a header and one line for each item, e.g.:
</P><PRE
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
>;
; Archive created at Mon Sep 14 13:55:39 2009
; dbname: DBDEMOS
; TOC Entries: 81
; Compression: 9
; Dump Version: 1.10-0
; Format: CUSTOM
; Integer: 4 bytes
; Offset: 8 bytes
; Dumped from database version: 8.3.5
; Dumped by pg_dump version: 8.3.8
;
;
; Selected TOC Entries:
;
3; 2615 2200 SCHEMA - public pasha
1861; 0 0 COMMENT - SCHEMA public pasha
1862; 0 0 ACL - public pasha
317; 1247 17715 TYPE public composite pasha
319; 1247 25899 DOMAIN public domain0 pasha</PRE
><P>
Semicolons start a comment, and the numbers at the start of lines refer to the
internal archive ID assigned to each item.
</P
><P
> Lines in the file can be commented out, deleted, and reordered. For example:
</P><PRE
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
>10; 145433 TABLE map_resolutions postgres
;2; 145344 TABLE species postgres
;4; 145359 TABLE nt_header postgres
6; 145402 TABLE species_records postgres
;8; 145416 TABLE ss_old postgres</PRE
><P>
could be used as input to <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>pg_restore</SPAN
> and would only restore
items 10 and 6, in that order:
</P><PRE
CLASS="SCREEN"
><SAMP
CLASS="PROMPT"
>$</SAMP
> <KBD
CLASS="USERINPUT"
>pg_restore -L db.list db.dump</KBD
></PRE
><P></P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="REFSECT1"
><A
NAME="AEN90600"
></A
><H2
>See Also</H2
><A
HREF="app-pgdump.html"
>pg_dump</A
>, <A
HREF="app-pg-dumpall.html"
><SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>pg_dumpall</SPAN
></A
>, <A
HREF="app-psql.html"
><SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>psql</SPAN
></A
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