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>Chapter 31. <SPAN
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>libpq</SPAN
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><H1
CLASS="SECT1"
><A
NAME="LIBPQ-ENVARS"
>31.14. Environment Variables</A
></H1
><P
>   The following environment variables can be used to select default
   connection parameter values, which will be used by
   <CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>PQconnectdb</CODE
>, <CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>PQsetdbLogin</CODE
> and
   <CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>PQsetdb</CODE
> if no value is directly specified by the calling
   code.  These are useful to avoid hard-coding database connection
   information into simple client applications, for example.

   <P
></P
></P><UL
><LI
><P
>      
      <TT
CLASS="ENVAR"
>PGHOST</TT
> behaves the same as the <A
HREF="libpq-connect.html#LIBPQ-CONNECT-HOST"
>host</A
> connection parameter.
     </P
></LI
><LI
><P
>      
      <TT
CLASS="ENVAR"
>PGHOSTADDR</TT
> behaves the same as the <A
HREF="libpq-connect.html#LIBPQ-CONNECT-HOSTADDR"
>hostaddr</A
> connection parameter.
      This can be set instead of or in addition to <TT
CLASS="ENVAR"
>PGHOST</TT
>
      to avoid DNS lookup overhead.
     </P
></LI
><LI
><P
>      
      <TT
CLASS="ENVAR"
>PGPORT</TT
> behaves the same as the <A
HREF="libpq-connect.html#LIBPQ-CONNECT-PORT"
>port</A
> connection parameter.
     </P
></LI
><LI
><P
>      
      <TT
CLASS="ENVAR"
>PGDATABASE</TT
> behaves the same as the <A
HREF="libpq-connect.html#LIBPQ-CONNECT-DBNAME"
>dbname</A
> connection parameter.
      </P
></LI
><LI
><P
>      
      <TT
CLASS="ENVAR"
>PGUSER</TT
> behaves the same as the <A
HREF="libpq-connect.html#LIBPQ-CONNECT-USER"
>user</A
> connection parameter.
     </P
></LI
><LI
><P
>      
      <TT
CLASS="ENVAR"
>PGPASSWORD</TT
> behaves the same as the <A
HREF="libpq-connect.html#LIBPQ-CONNECT-PASSWORD"
>password</A
> connection parameter.
      Use of this environment variable
      is not recommended for security reasons, as some operating systems
      allow non-root users to see process environment variables via
      <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>ps</SPAN
>; instead consider using the
      <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>~/.pgpass</TT
> file (see <A
HREF="libpq-pgpass.html"
>Section 31.15</A
>).
     </P
></LI
><LI
><P
>      
      <TT
CLASS="ENVAR"
>PGPASSFILE</TT
> specifies the name of the password file to
      use for lookups.  If not set, it defaults to <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>~/.pgpass</TT
>
      (see <A
HREF="libpq-pgpass.html"
>Section 31.15</A
>).
     </P
></LI
><LI
><P
>      
      <TT
CLASS="ENVAR"
>PGSERVICE</TT
> behaves the same as the <A
HREF="libpq-connect.html#LIBPQ-CONNECT-SERVICE"
>service</A
> connection parameter.
     </P
></LI
><LI
><P
>      
      <TT
CLASS="ENVAR"
>PGSERVICEFILE</TT
> specifies the name of the per-user
      connection service file.  If not set, it defaults
      to <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>~/.pg_service.conf</TT
>
      (see <A
HREF="libpq-pgservice.html"
>Section 31.16</A
>).
     </P
></LI
><LI
><P
>      
      <TT
CLASS="ENVAR"
>PGOPTIONS</TT
> behaves the same as the <A
HREF="libpq-connect.html#LIBPQ-CONNECT-OPTIONS"
>options</A
> connection parameter.
     </P
></LI
><LI
><P
>      
      <TT
CLASS="ENVAR"
>PGAPPNAME</TT
> behaves the same as the <A
HREF="libpq-connect.html#LIBPQ-CONNECT-APPLICATION-NAME"
>application_name</A
> connection parameter.
     </P
></LI
><LI
><P
>      
      <TT
CLASS="ENVAR"
>PGSSLMODE</TT
> behaves the same as the <A
HREF="libpq-connect.html#LIBPQ-CONNECT-SSLMODE"
>sslmode</A
> connection parameter.
     </P
></LI
><LI
><P
>      
      <TT
CLASS="ENVAR"
>PGREQUIRESSL</TT
> behaves the same as the <A
HREF="libpq-connect.html#LIBPQ-CONNECT-REQUIRESSL"
>requiressl</A
> connection parameter.
      This environment variable is deprecated in favor of the
      <TT
CLASS="ENVAR"
>PGSSLMODE</TT
> variable; setting both variables suppresses the
      effect of this one.
     </P
></LI
><LI
><P
>      
      <TT
CLASS="ENVAR"
>PGSSLCOMPRESSION</TT
> behaves the same as the <A
HREF="libpq-connect.html#LIBPQ-CONNECT-SSLCOMPRESSION"
>sslcompression</A
> connection parameter.
     </P
></LI
><LI
><P
>      
      <TT
CLASS="ENVAR"
>PGSSLCERT</TT
> behaves the same as the <A
HREF="libpq-connect.html#LIBPQ-CONNECT-SSLCERT"
>sslcert</A
> connection parameter.
     </P
></LI
><LI
><P
>      
      <TT
CLASS="ENVAR"
>PGSSLKEY</TT
> behaves the same as the <A
HREF="libpq-connect.html#LIBPQ-CONNECT-SSLKEY"
>sslkey</A
> connection parameter.
     </P
></LI
><LI
><P
>      
      <TT
CLASS="ENVAR"
>PGSSLROOTCERT</TT
>  behaves the same as the <A
HREF="libpq-connect.html#LIBPQ-CONNECT-SSLROOTCERT"
>sslrootcert</A
> connection parameter.
     </P
></LI
><LI
><P
>      
      <TT
CLASS="ENVAR"
>PGSSLCRL</TT
>  behaves the same as the <A
HREF="libpq-connect.html#LIBPQ-CONNECT-SSLCRL"
>sslcrl</A
> connection parameter.
     </P
></LI
><LI
><P
>      
      <TT
CLASS="ENVAR"
>PGREQUIREPEER</TT
> behaves the same as the <A
HREF="libpq-connect.html#LIBPQ-CONNECT-REQUIREPEER"
>requirepeer</A
> connection parameter.
     </P
></LI
><LI
><P
>      
      <TT
CLASS="ENVAR"
>PGKRBSRVNAME</TT
>  behaves the same as the <A
HREF="libpq-connect.html#LIBPQ-CONNECT-KRBSRVNAME"
>krbsrvname</A
> connection parameter.
     </P
></LI
><LI
><P
>      
      <TT
CLASS="ENVAR"
>PGGSSLIB</TT
> behaves the same as the <A
HREF="libpq-connect.html#LIBPQ-CONNECT-GSSLIB"
>gsslib</A
> connection parameter.
     </P
></LI
><LI
><P
>      
      <TT
CLASS="ENVAR"
>PGCONNECT_TIMEOUT</TT
>  behaves the same as the <A
HREF="libpq-connect.html#LIBPQ-CONNECT-CONNECT-TIMEOUT"
>connect_timeout</A
> connection parameter.
     </P
></LI
><LI
><P
>      
      <TT
CLASS="ENVAR"
>PGCLIENTENCODING</TT
> behaves the same as the <A
HREF="libpq-connect.html#LIBPQ-CONNECT-CLIENT-ENCODING"
>client_encoding</A
> connection parameter.
     </P
></LI
></UL
><P>
  </P
><P
>   The following environment variables can be used to specify default
   behavior for each <SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>PostgreSQL</SPAN
> session.  (See
   also the <A
HREF="sql-alterrole.html"
>ALTER ROLE</A
>
   and <A
HREF="sql-alterdatabase.html"
>ALTER DATABASE</A
>
   commands for ways to set default behavior on a per-user or per-database
   basis.)

   <P
></P
></P><UL
><LI
><P
>      
      <TT
CLASS="ENVAR"
>PGDATESTYLE</TT
> sets the default style of date/time
      representation.  (Equivalent to <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>SET datestyle TO
      ...</TT
>.)
     </P
></LI
><LI
><P
>      
      <TT
CLASS="ENVAR"
>PGTZ</TT
> sets the default time zone.  (Equivalent to
      <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>SET timezone TO ...</TT
>.)
     </P
></LI
><LI
><P
>      
      <TT
CLASS="ENVAR"
>PGGEQO</TT
> sets the default mode for the genetic query
      optimizer.  (Equivalent to <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>SET geqo TO ...</TT
>.)
     </P
></LI
></UL
><P>

   Refer to the <ACRONYM
CLASS="ACRONYM"
>SQL</ACRONYM
> command <A
HREF="sql-set.html"
>SET</A
>
   for information on correct values for these
   environment variables.
  </P
><P
>   The following environment variables determine internal behavior of
   <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>libpq</SPAN
>; they override compiled-in defaults.

   <P
></P
></P><UL
><LI
><P
>      
      <TT
CLASS="ENVAR"
>PGSYSCONFDIR</TT
> sets the directory containing the
      <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>pg_service.conf</TT
> file and in a future version
      possibly other system-wide configuration files.
     </P
></LI
><LI
><P
>      
      <TT
CLASS="ENVAR"
>PGLOCALEDIR</TT
> sets the directory containing the
      <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>locale</TT
> files for message internationalization.
     </P
></LI
></UL
><P>
  </P
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