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</pre><pre class="rust ">
<span class="comment">// Copyright 2014 The Rust Project Developers. See the COPYRIGHT</span>
<span class="comment">// file at the top-level directory of this distribution and at</span>
<span class="comment">// http://rust-lang.org/COPYRIGHT.</span>
<span class="comment">//</span>
<span class="comment">// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 <LICENSE-APACHE or</span>
<span class="comment">// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT license</span>
<span class="comment">// <LICENSE-MIT or http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your</span>
<span class="comment">// option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed</span>
<span class="comment">// except according to those terms.</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! A UTF-8 encoded, growable string.</span>
<span class="doccomment">//!</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! This module contains the [`String`] type, a trait for converting</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! [`ToString`]s, and several error types that may result from working with</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! [`String`]s.</span>
<span class="doccomment">//!</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! [`ToString`]: trait.ToString.html</span>
<span class="doccomment">//!</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! # Examples</span>
<span class="doccomment">//!</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! There are multiple ways to create a new [`String`] from a string literal:</span>
<span class="doccomment">//!</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! let s = "Hello".to_string();</span>
<span class="doccomment">//!</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! let s = String::from("world");</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! let s: String = "also this".into();</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">//!</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! You can create a new [`String`] from an existing one by concatenating with</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! `+`:</span>
<span class="doccomment">//!</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! [`String`]: struct.String.html</span>
<span class="doccomment">//!</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! let s = "Hello".to_string();</span>
<span class="doccomment">//!</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! let message = s + " world!";</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">//!</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! If you have a vector of valid UTF-8 bytes, you can make a [`String`] out of</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! it. You can do the reverse too.</span>
<span class="doccomment">//!</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! let sparkle_heart = vec![240, 159, 146, 150];</span>
<span class="doccomment">//!</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! // We know these bytes are valid, so we'll use `unwrap()`.</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! let sparkle_heart = String::from_utf8(sparkle_heart).unwrap();</span>
<span class="doccomment">//!</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! assert_eq!("💖", sparkle_heart);</span>
<span class="doccomment">//!</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! let bytes = sparkle_heart.into_bytes();</span>
<span class="doccomment">//!</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! assert_eq!(bytes, [240, 159, 146, 150]);</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! ```</span>
<span class="attribute">#![<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"rust1"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.0.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">core</span>::<span class="ident">fmt</span>;
<span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">core</span>::<span class="ident">hash</span>;
<span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">core</span>::<span class="ident">iter</span>::{<span class="ident">FromIterator</span>, <span class="ident">FusedIterator</span>};
<span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">core</span>::<span class="ident">ops</span>::{<span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">Add</span>, <span class="ident">AddAssign</span>, <span class="ident">Index</span>, <span class="ident">IndexMut</span>};
<span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">core</span>::<span class="ident">ptr</span>;
<span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">core</span>::<span class="ident">str</span>::<span class="ident">pattern</span>::<span class="ident">Pattern</span>;
<span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">std_unicode</span>::<span class="ident">lossy</span>;
<span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">std_unicode</span>::<span class="ident">char</span>::{<span class="ident">decode_utf16</span>, <span class="ident">REPLACEMENT_CHARACTER</span>};
<span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">borrow</span>::{<span class="ident">Cow</span>, <span class="ident">ToOwned</span>};
<span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">range</span>::<span class="ident">RangeArgument</span>;
<span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">Bound</span>::{<span class="ident">Excluded</span>, <span class="ident">Included</span>, <span class="ident">Unbounded</span>};
<span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">str</span>::{<span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">from_boxed_utf8_unchecked</span>, <span class="ident">FromStr</span>, <span class="ident">Utf8Error</span>, <span class="ident">Chars</span>};
<span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">vec</span>::<span class="ident">Vec</span>;
<span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">boxed</span>::<span class="ident">Box</span>;
<span class="doccomment">/// A UTF-8 encoded, growable string.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// The `String` type is the most common string type that has ownership over the</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// contents of the string. It has a close relationship with its borrowed</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// counterpart, the primitive [`str`].</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`str`]: ../../std/primitive.str.html</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// # Examples</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// You can create a `String` from a literal string with [`String::from`]:</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let hello = String::from("Hello, world!");</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// You can append a [`char`] to a `String` with the [`push`] method, and</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// append a [`&str`] with the [`push_str`] method:</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let mut hello = String::from("Hello, ");</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// hello.push('w');</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// hello.push_str("orld!");</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`String::from`]: #method.from</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`char`]: ../../std/primitive.char.html</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`push`]: #method.push</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`push_str`]: #method.push_str</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// If you have a vector of UTF-8 bytes, you can create a `String` from it with</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// the [`from_utf8`] method:</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// // some bytes, in a vector</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let sparkle_heart = vec![240, 159, 146, 150];</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// // We know these bytes are valid, so we'll use `unwrap()`.</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let sparkle_heart = String::from_utf8(sparkle_heart).unwrap();</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// assert_eq!("💖", sparkle_heart);</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`from_utf8`]: #method.from_utf8</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// # UTF-8</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// `String`s are always valid UTF-8. This has a few implications, the first of</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// which is that if you need a non-UTF-8 string, consider [`OsString`]. It is</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// similar, but without the UTF-8 constraint. The second implication is that</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// you cannot index into a `String`:</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```compile_fail,E0277</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let s = "hello";</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// println!("The first letter of s is {}", s[0]); // ERROR!!!</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`OsString`]: ../../std/ffi/struct.OsString.html</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// Indexing is intended to be a constant-time operation, but UTF-8 encoding</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// does not allow us to do this. Furthermore, it's not clear what sort of</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// thing the index should return: a byte, a codepoint, or a grapheme cluster.</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// The [`bytes`] and [`chars`] methods return iterators over the first</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// two, respectively.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`bytes`]: #method.bytes</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`chars`]: #method.chars</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// # Deref</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// `String`s implement [`Deref`]`<Target=str>`, and so inherit all of [`str`]'s</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// methods. In addition, this means that you can pass a `String` to a</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// function which takes a [`&str`] by using an ampersand (`&`):</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// fn takes_str(s: &str) { }</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let s = String::from("Hello");</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// takes_str(&s);</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// This will create a [`&str`] from the `String` and pass it in. This</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// conversion is very inexpensive, and so generally, functions will accept</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`&str`]s as arguments unless they need a `String` for some specific</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// reason.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// In certain cases Rust doesn't have enough information to make this</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// conversion, known as [`Deref`] coercion. In the following example a string</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// slice [`&'a str`][`&str`] implements the trait `TraitExample`, and the function</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// `example_func` takes anything that implements the trait. In this case Rust</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// would need to make two implicit conversions, which Rust doesn't have the</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// means to do. For that reason, the following example will not compile.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```compile_fail,E0277</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// trait TraitExample {}</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// impl<'a> TraitExample for &'a str {}</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// fn example_func<A: TraitExample>(example_arg: A) {}</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// fn main() {</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let example_string = String::from("example_string");</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// example_func(&example_string);</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// }</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// There are two options that would work instead. The first would be to</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// change the line `example_func(&example_string);` to</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// `example_func(example_string.as_str());`, using the method [`as_str()`]</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// to explicitly extract the string slice containing the string. The second</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// way changes `example_func(&example_string);` to</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// `example_func(&*example_string);`. In this case we are dereferencing a</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// `String` to a [`str`][`&str`], then referencing the [`str`][`&str`] back to</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`&str`]. The second way is more idiomatic, however both work to do the</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// conversion explicitly rather than relying on the implicit conversion.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// # Representation</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// A `String` is made up of three components: a pointer to some bytes, a</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// length, and a capacity. The pointer points to an internal buffer `String`</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// uses to store its data. The length is the number of bytes currently stored</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// in the buffer, and the capacity is the size of the buffer in bytes. As such,</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// the length will always be less than or equal to the capacity.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// This buffer is always stored on the heap.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// You can look at these with the [`as_ptr`], [`len`], and [`capacity`]</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// methods:</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// use std::mem;</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let story = String::from("Once upon a time...");</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let ptr = story.as_ptr();</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let len = story.len();</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let capacity = story.capacity();</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// // story has nineteen bytes</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// assert_eq!(19, len);</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// // Now that we have our parts, we throw the story away.</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// mem::forget(story);</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// // We can re-build a String out of ptr, len, and capacity. This is all</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// // unsafe because we are responsible for making sure the components are</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// // valid:</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let s = unsafe { String::from_raw_parts(ptr as *mut _, len, capacity) } ;</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// assert_eq!(String::from("Once upon a time..."), s);</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`as_ptr`]: #method.as_ptr</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`len`]: #method.len</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`capacity`]: #method.capacity</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// If a `String` has enough capacity, adding elements to it will not</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// re-allocate. For example, consider this program:</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let mut s = String::new();</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// println!("{}", s.capacity());</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// for _ in 0..5 {</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// s.push_str("hello");</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// println!("{}", s.capacity());</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// }</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// This will output the following:</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```text</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// 0</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// 5</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// 10</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// 20</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// 20</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// 40</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// At first, we have no memory allocated at all, but as we append to the</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// string, it increases its capacity appropriately. If we instead use the</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`with_capacity`] method to allocate the correct capacity initially:</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let mut s = String::with_capacity(25);</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// println!("{}", s.capacity());</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// for _ in 0..5 {</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// s.push_str("hello");</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// println!("{}", s.capacity());</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// }</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`with_capacity`]: #method.with_capacity</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// We end up with a different output:</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```text</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// 25</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// 25</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// 25</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// 25</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// 25</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// 25</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// Here, there's no need to allocate more memory inside the loop.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`&str`]: ../../std/primitive.str.html</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`Deref`]: ../../std/ops/trait.Deref.html</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`as_str()`]: struct.String.html#method.as_str</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">derive</span>(<span class="ident">PartialOrd</span>, <span class="ident">Eq</span>, <span class="ident">Ord</span>)]</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"rust1"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.0.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">struct</span> <span class="ident">String</span> {
<span class="ident">vec</span>: <span class="ident">Vec</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">u8</span><span class="op">></span>,
}
<span class="doccomment">/// A possible error value when converting a `String` from a UTF-8 byte vector.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// This type is the error type for the [`from_utf8`] method on [`String`]. It</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// is designed in such a way to carefully avoid reallocations: the</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`into_bytes`] method will give back the byte vector that was used in the</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// conversion attempt.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`from_utf8`]: struct.String.html#method.from_utf8</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`String`]: struct.String.html</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`into_bytes`]: struct.FromUtf8Error.html#method.into_bytes</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// The [`Utf8Error`] type provided by [`std::str`] represents an error that may</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// occur when converting a slice of [`u8`]s to a [`&str`]. In this sense, it's</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// an analogue to `FromUtf8Error`, and you can get one from a `FromUtf8Error`</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// through the [`utf8_error`] method.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`Utf8Error`]: ../../std/str/struct.Utf8Error.html</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`std::str`]: ../../std/str/index.html</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`u8`]: ../../std/primitive.u8.html</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`&str`]: ../../std/primitive.str.html</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`utf8_error`]: #method.utf8_error</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// # Examples</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// Basic usage:</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// // some invalid bytes, in a vector</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let bytes = vec![0, 159];</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let value = String::from_utf8(bytes);</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// assert!(value.is_err());</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// assert_eq!(vec![0, 159], value.unwrap_err().into_bytes());</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"rust1"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.0.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">derive</span>(<span class="ident">Debug</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">struct</span> <span class="ident">FromUtf8Error</span> {
<span class="ident">bytes</span>: <span class="ident">Vec</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">u8</span><span class="op">></span>,
<span class="ident">error</span>: <span class="ident">Utf8Error</span>,
}
<span class="doccomment">/// A possible error value when converting a `String` from a UTF-16 byte slice.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// This type is the error type for the [`from_utf16`] method on [`String`].</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`from_utf16`]: struct.String.html#method.from_utf16</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`String`]: struct.String.html</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// # Examples</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// Basic usage:</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// // 𝄞mu<invalid>ic</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let v = &[0xD834, 0xDD1E, 0x006d, 0x0075,</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// 0xD800, 0x0069, 0x0063];</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// assert!(String::from_utf16(v).is_err());</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"rust1"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.0.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">derive</span>(<span class="ident">Debug</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">struct</span> <span class="ident">FromUtf16Error</span>(());
<span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">String</span> {
<span class="doccomment">/// Creates a new empty `String`.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// Given that the `String` is empty, this will not allocate any initial</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// buffer. While that means that this initial operation is very</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// inexpensive, but may cause excessive allocation later, when you add</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// data. If you have an idea of how much data the `String` will hold,</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// consider the [`with_capacity`] method to prevent excessive</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// re-allocation.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`with_capacity`]: #method.with_capacity</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// # Examples</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// Basic usage:</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let s = String::new();</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">inline</span>]</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"rust1"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.0.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">new</span>() <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">String</span> {
<span class="ident">String</span> { <span class="ident">vec</span>: <span class="ident">Vec</span>::<span class="ident">new</span>() }
}
<span class="doccomment">/// Creates a new empty `String` with a particular capacity.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// `String`s have an internal buffer to hold their data. The capacity is</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// the length of that buffer, and can be queried with the [`capacity`]</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// method. This method creates an empty `String`, but one with an initial</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// buffer that can hold `capacity` bytes. This is useful when you may be</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// appending a bunch of data to the `String`, reducing the number of</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// reallocations it needs to do.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`capacity`]: #method.capacity</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// If the given capacity is `0`, no allocation will occur, and this method</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// is identical to the [`new`] method.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`new`]: #method.new</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// # Examples</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// Basic usage:</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let mut s = String::with_capacity(10);</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// // The String contains no chars, even though it has capacity for more</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// assert_eq!(s.len(), 0);</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// // These are all done without reallocating...</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let cap = s.capacity();</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// for i in 0..10 {</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// s.push('a');</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// }</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// assert_eq!(s.capacity(), cap);</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// // ...but this may make the vector reallocate</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// s.push('a');</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">inline</span>]</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"rust1"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.0.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">with_capacity</span>(<span class="ident">capacity</span>: <span class="ident">usize</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">String</span> {
<span class="ident">String</span> { <span class="ident">vec</span>: <span class="ident">Vec</span>::<span class="ident">with_capacity</span>(<span class="ident">capacity</span>) }
}
<span class="comment">// HACK(japaric): with cfg(test) the inherent `[T]::to_vec` method, which is</span>
<span class="comment">// required for this method definition, is not available. Since we don't</span>
<span class="comment">// require this method for testing purposes, I'll just stub it</span>
<span class="comment">// NB see the slice::hack module in slice.rs for more information</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">inline</span>]</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">cfg</span>(<span class="ident">test</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">from_str</span>(_: <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="ident">str</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">String</span> {
<span class="macro">panic</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="string">"not available with cfg(test)"</span>);
}
<span class="doccomment">/// Converts a vector of bytes to a `String`.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// A string slice ([`&str`]) is made of bytes ([`u8`]), and a vector of bytes</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ([`Vec<u8>`]) is made of bytes, so this function converts between the</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// two. Not all byte slices are valid `String`s, however: `String`</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// requires that it is valid UTF-8. `from_utf8()` checks to ensure that</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// the bytes are valid UTF-8, and then does the conversion.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// If you are sure that the byte slice is valid UTF-8, and you don't want</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// to incur the overhead of the validity check, there is an unsafe version</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// of this function, [`from_utf8_unchecked`], which has the same behavior</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// but skips the check.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// This method will take care to not copy the vector, for efficiency's</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// sake.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// If you need a [`&str`] instead of a `String`, consider</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`str::from_utf8`].</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// The inverse of this method is [`as_bytes`].</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// # Errors</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// Returns [`Err`] if the slice is not UTF-8 with a description as to why the</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// provided bytes are not UTF-8. The vector you moved in is also included.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// # Examples</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// Basic usage:</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// // some bytes, in a vector</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let sparkle_heart = vec![240, 159, 146, 150];</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// // We know these bytes are valid, so we'll use `unwrap()`.</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let sparkle_heart = String::from_utf8(sparkle_heart).unwrap();</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// assert_eq!("💖", sparkle_heart);</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// Incorrect bytes:</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// // some invalid bytes, in a vector</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let sparkle_heart = vec![0, 159, 146, 150];</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// assert!(String::from_utf8(sparkle_heart).is_err());</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// See the docs for [`FromUtf8Error`] for more details on what you can do</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// with this error.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`from_utf8_unchecked`]: struct.String.html#method.from_utf8_unchecked</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`&str`]: ../../std/primitive.str.html</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`u8`]: ../../std/primitive.u8.html</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`Vec<u8>`]: ../../std/vec/struct.Vec.html</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`str::from_utf8`]: ../../std/str/fn.from_utf8.html</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`as_bytes`]: struct.String.html#method.as_bytes</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`FromUtf8Error`]: struct.FromUtf8Error.html</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`Err`]: ../../stdresult/enum.Result.html#variant.Err</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">inline</span>]</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"rust1"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.0.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">from_utf8</span>(<span class="ident">vec</span>: <span class="ident">Vec</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">u8</span><span class="op">></span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">String</span>, <span class="ident">FromUtf8Error</span><span class="op">></span> {
<span class="kw">match</span> <span class="ident">str</span>::<span class="ident">from_utf8</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="ident">vec</span>) {
<span class="prelude-val">Ok</span>(..) <span class="op">=></span> <span class="prelude-val">Ok</span>(<span class="ident">String</span> { <span class="ident">vec</span>: <span class="ident">vec</span> }),
<span class="prelude-val">Err</span>(<span class="ident">e</span>) <span class="op">=></span> {
<span class="prelude-val">Err</span>(<span class="ident">FromUtf8Error</span> {
<span class="ident">bytes</span>: <span class="ident">vec</span>,
<span class="ident">error</span>: <span class="ident">e</span>,
})
}
}
}
<span class="doccomment">/// Converts a slice of bytes to a string, including invalid characters.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// Strings are made of bytes ([`u8`]), and a slice of bytes</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ([`&[u8]`][byteslice]) is made of bytes, so this function converts</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// between the two. Not all byte slices are valid strings, however: strings</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// are required to be valid UTF-8. During this conversion,</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// `from_utf8_lossy()` will replace any invalid UTF-8 sequences with</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// `U+FFFD REPLACEMENT CHARACTER`, which looks like this: �</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`u8`]: ../../std/primitive.u8.html</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [byteslice]: ../../std/primitive.slice.html</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// If you are sure that the byte slice is valid UTF-8, and you don't want</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// to incur the overhead of the conversion, there is an unsafe version</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// of this function, [`from_utf8_unchecked`], which has the same behavior</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// but skips the checks.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`from_utf8_unchecked`]: struct.String.html#method.from_utf8_unchecked</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// This function returns a [`Cow<'a, str>`]. If our byte slice is invalid</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// UTF-8, then we need to insert the replacement characters, which will</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// change the size of the string, and hence, require a `String`. But if</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// it's already valid UTF-8, we don't need a new allocation. This return</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// type allows us to handle both cases.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`Cow<'a, str>`]: ../../std/borrow/enum.Cow.html</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// # Examples</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// Basic usage:</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// // some bytes, in a vector</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let sparkle_heart = vec![240, 159, 146, 150];</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let sparkle_heart = String::from_utf8_lossy(&sparkle_heart);</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// assert_eq!("💖", sparkle_heart);</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// Incorrect bytes:</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// // some invalid bytes</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let input = b"Hello \xF0\x90\x80World";</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let output = String::from_utf8_lossy(input);</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// assert_eq!("Hello �World", output);</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"rust1"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.0.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">from_utf8_lossy</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span><span class="op">></span>(<span class="ident">v</span>: <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span> [<span class="ident">u8</span>]) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">Cow</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span>, <span class="ident">str</span><span class="op">></span> {
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">iter</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">lossy</span>::<span class="ident">Utf8Lossy</span>::<span class="ident">from_bytes</span>(<span class="ident">v</span>).<span class="ident">chunks</span>();
<span class="kw">let</span> (<span class="ident">first_valid</span>, <span class="ident">first_broken</span>) <span class="op">=</span> <span class="kw">if</span> <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(<span class="ident">chunk</span>) <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">iter</span>.<span class="ident">next</span>() {
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">lossy</span>::<span class="ident">Utf8LossyChunk</span> { <span class="ident">valid</span>, <span class="ident">broken</span> } <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">chunk</span>;
<span class="kw">if</span> <span class="ident">valid</span>.<span class="ident">len</span>() <span class="op">==</span> <span class="ident">v</span>.<span class="ident">len</span>() {
<span class="macro">debug_assert</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">broken</span>.<span class="ident">is_empty</span>());
<span class="kw">return</span> <span class="ident">Cow</span>::<span class="ident">Borrowed</span>(<span class="ident">valid</span>);
}
(<span class="ident">valid</span>, <span class="ident">broken</span>)
} <span class="kw">else</span> {
<span class="kw">return</span> <span class="ident">Cow</span>::<span class="ident">Borrowed</span>(<span class="string">""</span>);
};
<span class="kw">const</span> <span class="ident">REPLACEMENT</span>: <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="lifetime">'static</span> <span class="ident">str</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"\u{FFFD}"</span>;
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">res</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">String</span>::<span class="ident">with_capacity</span>(<span class="ident">v</span>.<span class="ident">len</span>());
<span class="ident">res</span>.<span class="ident">push_str</span>(<span class="ident">first_valid</span>);
<span class="kw">if</span> <span class="op">!</span><span class="ident">first_broken</span>.<span class="ident">is_empty</span>() {
<span class="ident">res</span>.<span class="ident">push_str</span>(<span class="ident">REPLACEMENT</span>);
}
<span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">lossy</span>::<span class="ident">Utf8LossyChunk</span> { <span class="ident">valid</span>, <span class="ident">broken</span> } <span class="kw">in</span> <span class="ident">iter</span> {
<span class="ident">res</span>.<span class="ident">push_str</span>(<span class="ident">valid</span>);
<span class="kw">if</span> <span class="op">!</span><span class="ident">broken</span>.<span class="ident">is_empty</span>() {
<span class="ident">res</span>.<span class="ident">push_str</span>(<span class="ident">REPLACEMENT</span>);
}
}
<span class="ident">Cow</span>::<span class="ident">Owned</span>(<span class="ident">res</span>)
}
<span class="doccomment">/// Decode a UTF-16 encoded vector `v` into a `String`, returning [`Err`]</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// if `v` contains any invalid data.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`Err`]: ../../std/result/enum.Result.html#variant.Err</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// # Examples</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// Basic usage:</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// // 𝄞music</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let v = &[0xD834, 0xDD1E, 0x006d, 0x0075,</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// 0x0073, 0x0069, 0x0063];</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// assert_eq!(String::from("𝄞music"),</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// String::from_utf16(v).unwrap());</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// // 𝄞mu<invalid>ic</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let v = &[0xD834, 0xDD1E, 0x006d, 0x0075,</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// 0xD800, 0x0069, 0x0063];</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// assert!(String::from_utf16(v).is_err());</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"rust1"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.0.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">from_utf16</span>(<span class="ident">v</span>: <span class="kw-2">&</span>[<span class="ident">u16</span>]) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">String</span>, <span class="ident">FromUtf16Error</span><span class="op">></span> {
<span class="ident">decode_utf16</span>(<span class="ident">v</span>.<span class="ident">iter</span>().<span class="ident">cloned</span>()).<span class="ident">collect</span>::<span class="op"><</span><span class="prelude-ty">Result</span><span class="op"><</span>_, _<span class="op">>></span>().<span class="ident">map_err</span>(<span class="op">|</span>_<span class="op">|</span> <span class="ident">FromUtf16Error</span>(()))
}
<span class="doccomment">/// Decode a UTF-16 encoded slice `v` into a `String`, replacing</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// invalid data with the replacement character (U+FFFD).</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// Unlike [`from_utf8_lossy`] which returns a [`Cow<'a, str>`],</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// `from_utf16_lossy` returns a `String` since the UTF-16 to UTF-8</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// conversion requires a memory allocation.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`from_utf8_lossy`]: #method.from_utf8_lossy</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`Cow<'a, str>`]: ../borrow/enum.Cow.html</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// # Examples</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// Basic usage:</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// // 𝄞mus<invalid>ic<invalid></span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let v = &[0xD834, 0xDD1E, 0x006d, 0x0075,</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// 0x0073, 0xDD1E, 0x0069, 0x0063,</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// 0xD834];</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// assert_eq!(String::from("𝄞mus\u{FFFD}ic\u{FFFD}"),</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// String::from_utf16_lossy(v));</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">inline</span>]</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"rust1"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.0.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">from_utf16_lossy</span>(<span class="ident">v</span>: <span class="kw-2">&</span>[<span class="ident">u16</span>]) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">String</span> {
<span class="ident">decode_utf16</span>(<span class="ident">v</span>.<span class="ident">iter</span>().<span class="ident">cloned</span>()).<span class="ident">map</span>(<span class="op">|</span><span class="ident">r</span><span class="op">|</span> <span class="ident">r</span>.<span class="ident">unwrap_or</span>(<span class="ident">REPLACEMENT_CHARACTER</span>)).<span class="ident">collect</span>()
}
<span class="doccomment">/// Creates a new `String` from a length, capacity, and pointer.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// # Safety</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// This is highly unsafe, due to the number of invariants that aren't</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// checked:</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// * The memory at `ptr` needs to have been previously allocated by the</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// same allocator the standard library uses.</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// * `length` needs to be less than or equal to `capacity`.</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// * `capacity` needs to be the correct value.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// Violating these may cause problems like corrupting the allocator's</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// internal data structures.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// The ownership of `ptr` is effectively transferred to the</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// `String` which may then deallocate, reallocate or change the</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// contents of memory pointed to by the pointer at will. Ensure</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// that nothing else uses the pointer after calling this</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// function.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// # Examples</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// Basic usage:</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// use std::mem;</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// unsafe {</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let s = String::from("hello");</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let ptr = s.as_ptr();</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let len = s.len();</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let capacity = s.capacity();</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// mem::forget(s);</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let s = String::from_raw_parts(ptr as *mut _, len, capacity);</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// assert_eq!(String::from("hello"), s);</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// }</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">inline</span>]</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"rust1"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.0.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">unsafe</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">from_raw_parts</span>(<span class="ident">buf</span>: <span class="kw-2">*</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">u8</span>, <span class="ident">length</span>: <span class="ident">usize</span>, <span class="ident">capacity</span>: <span class="ident">usize</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">String</span> {
<span class="ident">String</span> { <span class="ident">vec</span>: <span class="ident">Vec</span>::<span class="ident">from_raw_parts</span>(<span class="ident">buf</span>, <span class="ident">length</span>, <span class="ident">capacity</span>) }
}
<span class="doccomment">/// Converts a vector of bytes to a `String` without checking that the</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// string contains valid UTF-8.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// See the safe version, [`from_utf8`], for more details.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`from_utf8`]: struct.String.html#method.from_utf8</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// # Safety</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// This function is unsafe because it does not check that the bytes passed</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// to it are valid UTF-8. If this constraint is violated, it may cause</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// memory unsafety issues with future users of the `String`, as the rest of</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// the standard library assumes that `String`s are valid UTF-8.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// # Examples</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// Basic usage:</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// // some bytes, in a vector</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let sparkle_heart = vec![240, 159, 146, 150];</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let sparkle_heart = unsafe {</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// String::from_utf8_unchecked(sparkle_heart)</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// };</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// assert_eq!("💖", sparkle_heart);</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">inline</span>]</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"rust1"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.0.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">unsafe</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">from_utf8_unchecked</span>(<span class="ident">bytes</span>: <span class="ident">Vec</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">u8</span><span class="op">></span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">String</span> {
<span class="ident">String</span> { <span class="ident">vec</span>: <span class="ident">bytes</span> }
}
<span class="doccomment">/// Converts a `String` into a byte vector.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// This consumes the `String`, so we do not need to copy its contents.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// # Examples</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// Basic usage:</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let s = String::from("hello");</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let bytes = s.into_bytes();</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// assert_eq!(&[104, 101, 108, 108, 111][..], &bytes[..]);</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">inline</span>]</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"rust1"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.0.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">into_bytes</span>(<span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">Vec</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">u8</span><span class="op">></span> {
<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">vec</span>
}
<span class="doccomment">/// Extracts a string slice containing the entire string.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// # Examples</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// Basic usage:</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let s = String::from("foo");</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// assert_eq!("foo", s.as_str());</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">inline</span>]</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"string_as_str"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.7.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">as_str</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="ident">str</span> {
<span class="self">self</span>
}
<span class="doccomment">/// Converts a `String` into a mutable string slice.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// # Examples</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// Basic usage:</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let mut s = String::from("foobar");</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let s_mut_str = s.as_mut_str();</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// s_mut_str.make_ascii_uppercase();</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// assert_eq!("FOOBAR", s_mut_str);</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">inline</span>]</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"string_as_str"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.7.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">as_mut_str</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">str</span> {
<span class="self">self</span>
}
<span class="doccomment">/// Appends a given string slice onto the end of this `String`.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// # Examples</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// Basic usage:</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let mut s = String::from("foo");</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// s.push_str("bar");</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// assert_eq!("foobar", s);</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">inline</span>]</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"rust1"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.0.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">push_str</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">string</span>: <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="ident">str</span>) {
<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">vec</span>.<span class="ident">extend_from_slice</span>(<span class="ident">string</span>.<span class="ident">as_bytes</span>())
}
<span class="doccomment">/// Returns this `String`'s capacity, in bytes.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// # Examples</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// Basic usage:</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let s = String::with_capacity(10);</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// assert!(s.capacity() >= 10);</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">inline</span>]</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"rust1"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.0.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">capacity</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">usize</span> {
<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">vec</span>.<span class="ident">capacity</span>()
}
<span class="doccomment">/// Ensures that this `String`'s capacity is at least `additional` bytes</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// larger than its length.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// The capacity may be increased by more than `additional` bytes if it</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// chooses, to prevent frequent reallocations.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// If you do not want this "at least" behavior, see the [`reserve_exact`]</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// method.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// # Panics</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// Panics if the new capacity overflows [`usize`].</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`reserve_exact`]: struct.String.html#method.reserve_exact</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`usize`]: ../../std/primitive.usize.html</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// # Examples</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// Basic usage:</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let mut s = String::new();</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// s.reserve(10);</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// assert!(s.capacity() >= 10);</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// This may not actually increase the capacity:</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let mut s = String::with_capacity(10);</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// s.push('a');</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// s.push('b');</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// // s now has a length of 2 and a capacity of 10</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// assert_eq!(2, s.len());</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// assert_eq!(10, s.capacity());</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// // Since we already have an extra 8 capacity, calling this...</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// s.reserve(8);</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// // ... doesn't actually increase.</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// assert_eq!(10, s.capacity());</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">inline</span>]</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"rust1"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.0.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">reserve</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">additional</span>: <span class="ident">usize</span>) {
<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">vec</span>.<span class="ident">reserve</span>(<span class="ident">additional</span>)
}
<span class="doccomment">/// Ensures that this `String`'s capacity is `additional` bytes</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// larger than its length.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// Consider using the [`reserve`] method unless you absolutely know</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// better than the allocator.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`reserve`]: #method.reserve</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// # Panics</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// Panics if the new capacity overflows `usize`.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// # Examples</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// Basic usage:</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let mut s = String::new();</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// s.reserve_exact(10);</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// assert!(s.capacity() >= 10);</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// This may not actually increase the capacity:</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let mut s = String::with_capacity(10);</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// s.push('a');</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// s.push('b');</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// // s now has a length of 2 and a capacity of 10</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// assert_eq!(2, s.len());</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// assert_eq!(10, s.capacity());</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// // Since we already have an extra 8 capacity, calling this...</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// s.reserve_exact(8);</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// // ... doesn't actually increase.</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// assert_eq!(10, s.capacity());</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">inline</span>]</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"rust1"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.0.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">reserve_exact</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">additional</span>: <span class="ident">usize</span>) {
<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">vec</span>.<span class="ident">reserve_exact</span>(<span class="ident">additional</span>)
}
<span class="doccomment">/// Shrinks the capacity of this `String` to match its length.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// # Examples</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// Basic usage:</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let mut s = String::from("foo");</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// s.reserve(100);</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// assert!(s.capacity() >= 100);</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// s.shrink_to_fit();</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// assert_eq!(3, s.capacity());</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">inline</span>]</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"rust1"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.0.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">shrink_to_fit</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="self">self</span>) {
<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">vec</span>.<span class="ident">shrink_to_fit</span>()
}
<span class="doccomment">/// Appends the given [`char`] to the end of this `String`.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`char`]: ../../std/primitive.char.html</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// # Examples</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// Basic usage:</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let mut s = String::from("abc");</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// s.push('1');</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// s.push('2');</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// s.push('3');</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// assert_eq!("abc123", s);</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">inline</span>]</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"rust1"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.0.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">push</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">ch</span>: <span class="ident">char</span>) {
<span class="kw">match</span> <span class="ident">ch</span>.<span class="ident">len_utf8</span>() {
<span class="number">1</span> <span class="op">=></span> <span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">vec</span>.<span class="ident">push</span>(<span class="ident">ch</span> <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="ident">u8</span>),
_ <span class="op">=></span> <span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">vec</span>.<span class="ident">extend_from_slice</span>(<span class="ident">ch</span>.<span class="ident">encode_utf8</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> [<span class="number">0</span>; <span class="number">4</span>]).<span class="ident">as_bytes</span>()),
}
}
<span class="doccomment">/// Returns a byte slice of this `String`'s contents.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// The inverse of this method is [`from_utf8`].</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`from_utf8`]: #method.from_utf8</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// # Examples</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// Basic usage:</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let s = String::from("hello");</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// assert_eq!(&[104, 101, 108, 108, 111], s.as_bytes());</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">inline</span>]</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"rust1"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.0.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">as_bytes</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="kw-2">&</span>[<span class="ident">u8</span>] {
<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">vec</span>
}
<span class="doccomment">/// Shortens this `String` to the specified length.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// If `new_len` is greater than the string's current length, this has no</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// effect.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// Note that this method has no effect on the allocated capacity</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// of the string</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// # Panics</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// Panics if `new_len` does not lie on a [`char`] boundary.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`char`]: ../../std/primitive.char.html</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// # Examples</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// Basic usage:</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let mut s = String::from("hello");</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// s.truncate(2);</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// assert_eq!("he", s);</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">inline</span>]</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"rust1"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.0.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">truncate</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">new_len</span>: <span class="ident">usize</span>) {
<span class="kw">if</span> <span class="ident">new_len</span> <span class="op"><=</span> <span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">len</span>() {
<span class="macro">assert</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">is_char_boundary</span>(<span class="ident">new_len</span>));
<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">vec</span>.<span class="ident">truncate</span>(<span class="ident">new_len</span>)
}
}
<span class="doccomment">/// Removes the last character from the string buffer and returns it.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// Returns [`None`] if this `String` is empty.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`None`]: ../../std/option/enum.Option.html#variant.None</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// # Examples</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// Basic usage:</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let mut s = String::from("foo");</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// assert_eq!(s.pop(), Some('o'));</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// assert_eq!(s.pop(), Some('o'));</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// assert_eq!(s.pop(), Some('f'));</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// assert_eq!(s.pop(), None);</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">inline</span>]</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"rust1"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.0.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">pop</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="prelude-ty">Option</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">char</span><span class="op">></span> {
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">ch</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">chars</span>().<span class="ident">rev</span>().<span class="ident">next</span>()<span class="question-mark">?</span>;
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">newlen</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">len</span>() <span class="op">-</span> <span class="ident">ch</span>.<span class="ident">len_utf8</span>();
<span class="kw">unsafe</span> {
<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">vec</span>.<span class="ident">set_len</span>(<span class="ident">newlen</span>);
}
<span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(<span class="ident">ch</span>)
}
<span class="doccomment">/// Removes a [`char`] from this `String` at a byte position and returns it.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// This is an `O(n)` operation, as it requires copying every element in the</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// buffer.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// # Panics</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// Panics if `idx` is larger than or equal to the `String`'s length,</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// or if it does not lie on a [`char`] boundary.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`char`]: ../../std/primitive.char.html</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// # Examples</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// Basic usage:</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let mut s = String::from("foo");</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// assert_eq!(s.remove(0), 'f');</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// assert_eq!(s.remove(1), 'o');</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// assert_eq!(s.remove(0), 'o');</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">inline</span>]</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"rust1"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.0.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">remove</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">idx</span>: <span class="ident">usize</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">char</span> {
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">ch</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="kw">match</span> <span class="self">self</span>[<span class="ident">idx</span>..].<span class="ident">chars</span>().<span class="ident">next</span>() {
<span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(<span class="ident">ch</span>) <span class="op">=></span> <span class="ident">ch</span>,
<span class="prelude-val">None</span> <span class="op">=></span> <span class="macro">panic</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="string">"cannot remove a char from the end of a string"</span>),
};
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">next</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">idx</span> <span class="op">+</span> <span class="ident">ch</span>.<span class="ident">len_utf8</span>();
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">len</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">len</span>();
<span class="kw">unsafe</span> {
<span class="ident">ptr</span>::<span class="ident">copy</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">vec</span>.<span class="ident">as_ptr</span>().<span class="ident">offset</span>(<span class="ident">next</span> <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="ident">isize</span>),
<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">vec</span>.<span class="ident">as_mut_ptr</span>().<span class="ident">offset</span>(<span class="ident">idx</span> <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="ident">isize</span>),
<span class="ident">len</span> <span class="op">-</span> <span class="ident">next</span>);
<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">vec</span>.<span class="ident">set_len</span>(<span class="ident">len</span> <span class="op">-</span> (<span class="ident">next</span> <span class="op">-</span> <span class="ident">idx</span>));
}
<span class="ident">ch</span>
}
<span class="doccomment">/// Retains only the characters specified by the predicate.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// In other words, remove all characters `c` such that `f(c)` returns `false`.</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// This method operates in place and preserves the order of the retained</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// characters.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// # Examples</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// #![feature(string_retain)]</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let mut s = String::from("f_o_ob_ar");</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// s.retain(|c| c != '_');</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// assert_eq!(s, "foobar");</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">inline</span>]</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">unstable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"string_retain"</span>, <span class="ident">issue</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"43874"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">retain</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">F</span><span class="op">></span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="self">self</span>, <span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">f</span>: <span class="ident">F</span>)
<span class="kw">where</span> <span class="ident">F</span>: <span class="ident">FnMut</span>(<span class="ident">char</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">bool</span>
{
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">len</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">len</span>();
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">del_bytes</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="number">0</span>;
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">idx</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="number">0</span>;
<span class="kw">while</span> <span class="ident">idx</span> <span class="op"><</span> <span class="ident">len</span> {
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">ch</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="kw">unsafe</span> {
<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">slice_unchecked</span>(<span class="ident">idx</span>, <span class="ident">len</span>).<span class="ident">chars</span>().<span class="ident">next</span>().<span class="ident">unwrap</span>()
};
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">ch_len</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">ch</span>.<span class="ident">len_utf8</span>();
<span class="kw">if</span> <span class="op">!</span><span class="ident">f</span>(<span class="ident">ch</span>) {
<span class="ident">del_bytes</span> <span class="op">+=</span> <span class="ident">ch_len</span>;
} <span class="kw">else</span> <span class="kw">if</span> <span class="ident">del_bytes</span> <span class="op">></span> <span class="number">0</span> {
<span class="kw">unsafe</span> {
<span class="ident">ptr</span>::<span class="ident">copy</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">vec</span>.<span class="ident">as_ptr</span>().<span class="ident">offset</span>(<span class="ident">idx</span> <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="ident">isize</span>),
<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">vec</span>.<span class="ident">as_mut_ptr</span>().<span class="ident">offset</span>((<span class="ident">idx</span> <span class="op">-</span> <span class="ident">del_bytes</span>) <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="ident">isize</span>),
<span class="ident">ch_len</span>);
}
}
<span class="comment">// Point idx to the next char</span>
<span class="ident">idx</span> <span class="op">+=</span> <span class="ident">ch_len</span>;
}
<span class="kw">if</span> <span class="ident">del_bytes</span> <span class="op">></span> <span class="number">0</span> {
<span class="kw">unsafe</span> { <span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">vec</span>.<span class="ident">set_len</span>(<span class="ident">len</span> <span class="op">-</span> <span class="ident">del_bytes</span>); }
}
}
<span class="doccomment">/// Inserts a character into this `String` at a byte position.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// This is an `O(n)` operation as it requires copying every element in the</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// buffer.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// # Panics</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// Panics if `idx` is larger than the `String`'s length, or if it does not</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// lie on a [`char`] boundary.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`char`]: ../../std/primitive.char.html</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// # Examples</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// Basic usage:</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let mut s = String::with_capacity(3);</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// s.insert(0, 'f');</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// s.insert(1, 'o');</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// s.insert(2, 'o');</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// assert_eq!("foo", s);</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">inline</span>]</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"rust1"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.0.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">insert</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">idx</span>: <span class="ident">usize</span>, <span class="ident">ch</span>: <span class="ident">char</span>) {
<span class="macro">assert</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">is_char_boundary</span>(<span class="ident">idx</span>));
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">bits</span> <span class="op">=</span> [<span class="number">0</span>; <span class="number">4</span>];
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">bits</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">ch</span>.<span class="ident">encode_utf8</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">bits</span>).<span class="ident">as_bytes</span>();
<span class="kw">unsafe</span> {
<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">insert_bytes</span>(<span class="ident">idx</span>, <span class="ident">bits</span>);
}
}
<span class="kw">unsafe</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">insert_bytes</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">idx</span>: <span class="ident">usize</span>, <span class="ident">bytes</span>: <span class="kw-2">&</span>[<span class="ident">u8</span>]) {
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">len</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">len</span>();
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">amt</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">bytes</span>.<span class="ident">len</span>();
<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">vec</span>.<span class="ident">reserve</span>(<span class="ident">amt</span>);
<span class="ident">ptr</span>::<span class="ident">copy</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">vec</span>.<span class="ident">as_ptr</span>().<span class="ident">offset</span>(<span class="ident">idx</span> <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="ident">isize</span>),
<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">vec</span>.<span class="ident">as_mut_ptr</span>().<span class="ident">offset</span>((<span class="ident">idx</span> <span class="op">+</span> <span class="ident">amt</span>) <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="ident">isize</span>),
<span class="ident">len</span> <span class="op">-</span> <span class="ident">idx</span>);
<span class="ident">ptr</span>::<span class="ident">copy</span>(<span class="ident">bytes</span>.<span class="ident">as_ptr</span>(),
<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">vec</span>.<span class="ident">as_mut_ptr</span>().<span class="ident">offset</span>(<span class="ident">idx</span> <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="ident">isize</span>),
<span class="ident">amt</span>);
<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">vec</span>.<span class="ident">set_len</span>(<span class="ident">len</span> <span class="op">+</span> <span class="ident">amt</span>);
}
<span class="doccomment">/// Inserts a string slice into this `String` at a byte position.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// This is an `O(n)` operation as it requires copying every element in the</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// buffer.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// # Panics</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// Panics if `idx` is larger than the `String`'s length, or if it does not</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// lie on a [`char`] boundary.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`char`]: ../../std/primitive.char.html</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// # Examples</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// Basic usage:</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let mut s = String::from("bar");</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// s.insert_str(0, "foo");</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// assert_eq!("foobar", s);</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">inline</span>]</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"insert_str"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.16.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">insert_str</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">idx</span>: <span class="ident">usize</span>, <span class="ident">string</span>: <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="ident">str</span>) {
<span class="macro">assert</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">is_char_boundary</span>(<span class="ident">idx</span>));
<span class="kw">unsafe</span> {
<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">insert_bytes</span>(<span class="ident">idx</span>, <span class="ident">string</span>.<span class="ident">as_bytes</span>());
}
}
<span class="doccomment">/// Returns a mutable reference to the contents of this `String`.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// # Safety</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// This function is unsafe because it does not check that the bytes passed</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// to it are valid UTF-8. If this constraint is violated, it may cause</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// memory unsafety issues with future users of the `String`, as the rest of</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// the standard library assumes that `String`s are valid UTF-8.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// # Examples</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// Basic usage:</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let mut s = String::from("hello");</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// unsafe {</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let vec = s.as_mut_vec();</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// assert_eq!(&[104, 101, 108, 108, 111][..], &vec[..]);</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// vec.reverse();</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// }</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// assert_eq!(s, "olleh");</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">inline</span>]</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"rust1"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.0.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">unsafe</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">as_mut_vec</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">Vec</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">u8</span><span class="op">></span> {
<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">vec</span>
}
<span class="doccomment">/// Returns the length of this `String`, in bytes.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// # Examples</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// Basic usage:</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let a = String::from("foo");</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// assert_eq!(a.len(), 3);</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">inline</span>]</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"rust1"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.0.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">len</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">usize</span> {
<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">vec</span>.<span class="ident">len</span>()
}
<span class="doccomment">/// Returns `true` if this `String` has a length of zero.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// Returns `false` otherwise.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// # Examples</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// Basic usage:</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let mut v = String::new();</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// assert!(v.is_empty());</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// v.push('a');</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// assert!(!v.is_empty());</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">inline</span>]</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"rust1"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.0.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">is_empty</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">bool</span> {
<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">len</span>() <span class="op">==</span> <span class="number">0</span>
}
<span class="doccomment">/// Splits the string into two at the given index.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// Returns a newly allocated `String`. `self` contains bytes `[0, at)`, and</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// the returned `String` contains bytes `[at, len)`. `at` must be on the</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// boundary of a UTF-8 code point.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// Note that the capacity of `self` does not change.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// # Panics</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// Panics if `at` is not on a `UTF-8` code point boundary, or if it is beyond the last</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// code point of the string.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// # Examples</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// # fn main() {</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let mut hello = String::from("Hello, World!");</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let world = hello.split_off(7);</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// assert_eq!(hello, "Hello, ");</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// assert_eq!(world, "World!");</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// # }</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">inline</span>]</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"string_split_off"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.16.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">split_off</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">at</span>: <span class="ident">usize</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">String</span> {
<span class="macro">assert</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">is_char_boundary</span>(<span class="ident">at</span>));
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">other</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">vec</span>.<span class="ident">split_off</span>(<span class="ident">at</span>);
<span class="kw">unsafe</span> { <span class="ident">String</span>::<span class="ident">from_utf8_unchecked</span>(<span class="ident">other</span>) }
}
<span class="doccomment">/// Truncates this `String`, removing all contents.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// While this means the `String` will have a length of zero, it does not</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// touch its capacity.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// # Examples</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// Basic usage:</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let mut s = String::from("foo");</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// s.clear();</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// assert!(s.is_empty());</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// assert_eq!(0, s.len());</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// assert_eq!(3, s.capacity());</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">inline</span>]</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"rust1"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.0.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">clear</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="self">self</span>) {
<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">vec</span>.<span class="ident">clear</span>()
}
<span class="doccomment">/// Creates a draining iterator that removes the specified range in the string</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// and yields the removed chars.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// Note: The element range is removed even if the iterator is not</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// consumed until the end.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// # Panics</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// Panics if the starting point or end point do not lie on a [`char`]</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// boundary, or if they're out of bounds.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`char`]: ../../std/primitive.char.html</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// # Examples</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// Basic usage:</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let mut s = String::from("α is alpha, β is beta");</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let beta_offset = s.find('β').unwrap_or(s.len());</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// // Remove the range up until the β from the string</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let t: String = s.drain(..beta_offset).collect();</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// assert_eq!(t, "α is alpha, ");</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// assert_eq!(s, "β is beta");</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// // A full range clears the string</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// s.drain(..);</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// assert_eq!(s, "");</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"drain"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.6.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">drain</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">R</span><span class="op">></span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">range</span>: <span class="ident">R</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">Drain</span>
<span class="kw">where</span> <span class="ident">R</span>: <span class="ident">RangeArgument</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">usize</span><span class="op">></span>
{
<span class="comment">// Memory safety</span>
<span class="comment">//</span>
<span class="comment">// The String version of Drain does not have the memory safety issues</span>
<span class="comment">// of the vector version. The data is just plain bytes.</span>
<span class="comment">// Because the range removal happens in Drop, if the Drain iterator is leaked,</span>
<span class="comment">// the removal will not happen.</span>
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">len</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">len</span>();
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">start</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="kw">match</span> <span class="ident">range</span>.<span class="ident">start</span>() {
<span class="ident">Included</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="ident">n</span>) <span class="op">=></span> <span class="ident">n</span>,
<span class="ident">Excluded</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="ident">n</span>) <span class="op">=></span> <span class="ident">n</span> <span class="op">+</span> <span class="number">1</span>,
<span class="ident">Unbounded</span> <span class="op">=></span> <span class="number">0</span>,
};
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">end</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="kw">match</span> <span class="ident">range</span>.<span class="ident">end</span>() {
<span class="ident">Included</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="ident">n</span>) <span class="op">=></span> <span class="ident">n</span> <span class="op">+</span> <span class="number">1</span>,
<span class="ident">Excluded</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="ident">n</span>) <span class="op">=></span> <span class="ident">n</span>,
<span class="ident">Unbounded</span> <span class="op">=></span> <span class="ident">len</span>,
};
<span class="comment">// Take out two simultaneous borrows. The &mut String won't be accessed</span>
<span class="comment">// until iteration is over, in Drop.</span>
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">self_ptr</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="self">self</span> <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="kw-2">*</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> _;
<span class="comment">// slicing does the appropriate bounds checks</span>
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">chars_iter</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="self">self</span>[<span class="ident">start</span>..<span class="ident">end</span>].<span class="ident">chars</span>();
<span class="ident">Drain</span> {
<span class="ident">start</span>,
<span class="ident">end</span>,
<span class="ident">iter</span>: <span class="ident">chars_iter</span>,
<span class="ident">string</span>: <span class="ident">self_ptr</span>,
}
}
<span class="doccomment">/// Creates a splicing iterator that removes the specified range in the string,</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// and replaces it with the given string.</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// The given string doesn't need to be the same length as the range.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// Note: Unlike [`Vec::splice`], the replacement happens eagerly, and this</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// method does not return the removed chars.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// # Panics</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// Panics if the starting point or end point do not lie on a [`char`]</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// boundary, or if they're out of bounds.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`char`]: ../../std/primitive.char.html</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`Vec::splice`]: ../../std/vec/struct.Vec.html#method.splice</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// # Examples</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// Basic usage:</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// #![feature(splice)]</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let mut s = String::from("α is alpha, β is beta");</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let beta_offset = s.find('β').unwrap_or(s.len());</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// // Replace the range up until the β from the string</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// s.splice(..beta_offset, "Α is capital alpha; ");</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// assert_eq!(s, "Α is capital alpha; β is beta");</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">unstable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"splice"</span>, <span class="ident">reason</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"recently added"</span>, <span class="ident">issue</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"44643"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">splice</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">R</span><span class="op">></span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">range</span>: <span class="ident">R</span>, <span class="ident">replace_with</span>: <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="ident">str</span>)
<span class="kw">where</span> <span class="ident">R</span>: <span class="ident">RangeArgument</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">usize</span><span class="op">></span>
{
<span class="comment">// Memory safety</span>
<span class="comment">//</span>
<span class="comment">// The String version of Splice does not have the memory safety issues</span>
<span class="comment">// of the vector version. The data is just plain bytes.</span>
<span class="kw">match</span> <span class="ident">range</span>.<span class="ident">start</span>() {
<span class="ident">Included</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="ident">n</span>) <span class="op">=></span> <span class="macro">assert</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">is_char_boundary</span>(<span class="ident">n</span>)),
<span class="ident">Excluded</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="ident">n</span>) <span class="op">=></span> <span class="macro">assert</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">is_char_boundary</span>(<span class="ident">n</span> <span class="op">+</span> <span class="number">1</span>)),
<span class="ident">Unbounded</span> <span class="op">=></span> {},
};
<span class="kw">match</span> <span class="ident">range</span>.<span class="ident">end</span>() {
<span class="ident">Included</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="ident">n</span>) <span class="op">=></span> <span class="macro">assert</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">is_char_boundary</span>(<span class="ident">n</span> <span class="op">+</span> <span class="number">1</span>)),
<span class="ident">Excluded</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="ident">n</span>) <span class="op">=></span> <span class="macro">assert</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">is_char_boundary</span>(<span class="ident">n</span>)),
<span class="ident">Unbounded</span> <span class="op">=></span> {},
};
<span class="kw">unsafe</span> {
<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">as_mut_vec</span>()
}.<span class="ident">splice</span>(<span class="ident">range</span>, <span class="ident">replace_with</span>.<span class="ident">bytes</span>());
}
<span class="doccomment">/// Converts this `String` into a [`Box`]`<`[`str`]`>`.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// This will drop any excess capacity.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`Box`]: ../../std/boxed/struct.Box.html</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`str`]: ../../std/primitive.str.html</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// # Examples</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// Basic usage:</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let s = String::from("hello");</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let b = s.into_boxed_str();</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"box_str"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.4.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">into_boxed_str</span>(<span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">Box</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">str</span><span class="op">></span> {
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">slice</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">vec</span>.<span class="ident">into_boxed_slice</span>();
<span class="kw">unsafe</span> { <span class="ident">from_boxed_utf8_unchecked</span>(<span class="ident">slice</span>) }
}
}
<span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">FromUtf8Error</span> {
<span class="doccomment">/// Returns a slice of [`u8`]s bytes that were attempted to convert to a `String`.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// # Examples</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// Basic usage:</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// #![feature(from_utf8_error_as_bytes)]</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// // some invalid bytes, in a vector</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let bytes = vec![0, 159];</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let value = String::from_utf8(bytes);</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// assert_eq!(&[0, 159], value.unwrap_err().as_bytes());</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">unstable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"from_utf8_error_as_bytes"</span>, <span class="ident">reason</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"recently added"</span>, <span class="ident">issue</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"40895"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">as_bytes</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="kw-2">&</span>[<span class="ident">u8</span>] {
<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">bytes</span>[..]
}
<span class="doccomment">/// Returns the bytes that were attempted to convert to a `String`.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// This method is carefully constructed to avoid allocation. It will</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// consume the error, moving out the bytes, so that a copy of the bytes</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// does not need to be made.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// # Examples</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// Basic usage:</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// // some invalid bytes, in a vector</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let bytes = vec![0, 159];</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let value = String::from_utf8(bytes);</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// assert_eq!(vec![0, 159], value.unwrap_err().into_bytes());</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"rust1"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.0.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">into_bytes</span>(<span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">Vec</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">u8</span><span class="op">></span> {
<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">bytes</span>
}
<span class="doccomment">/// Fetch a `Utf8Error` to get more details about the conversion failure.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// The [`Utf8Error`] type provided by [`std::str`] represents an error that may</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// occur when converting a slice of [`u8`]s to a [`&str`]. In this sense, it's</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// an analogue to `FromUtf8Error`. See its documentation for more details</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// on using it.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`Utf8Error`]: ../../std/str/struct.Utf8Error.html</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`std::str`]: ../../std/str/index.html</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`u8`]: ../../std/primitive.u8.html</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`&str`]: ../../std/primitive.str.html</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// # Examples</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// Basic usage:</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// // some invalid bytes, in a vector</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let bytes = vec![0, 159];</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let error = String::from_utf8(bytes).unwrap_err().utf8_error();</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// // the first byte is invalid here</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// assert_eq!(1, error.valid_up_to());</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"rust1"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.0.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">utf8_error</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">Utf8Error</span> {
<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">error</span>
}
}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"rust1"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.0.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">fmt</span>::<span class="ident">Display</span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">FromUtf8Error</span> {
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">fmt</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">f</span>: <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">fmt</span>::<span class="ident">Formatter</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">fmt</span>::<span class="prelude-ty">Result</span> {
<span class="ident">fmt</span>::<span class="ident">Display</span>::<span class="ident">fmt</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">error</span>, <span class="ident">f</span>)
}
}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"rust1"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.0.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">fmt</span>::<span class="ident">Display</span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">FromUtf16Error</span> {
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">fmt</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">f</span>: <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">fmt</span>::<span class="ident">Formatter</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">fmt</span>::<span class="prelude-ty">Result</span> {
<span class="ident">fmt</span>::<span class="ident">Display</span>::<span class="ident">fmt</span>(<span class="string">"invalid utf-16: lone surrogate found"</span>, <span class="ident">f</span>)
}
}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"rust1"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.0.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">Clone</span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">String</span> {
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">clone</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="self">Self</span> {
<span class="ident">String</span> { <span class="ident">vec</span>: <span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">vec</span>.<span class="ident">clone</span>() }
}
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">clone_from</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">source</span>: <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">Self</span>) {
<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">vec</span>.<span class="ident">clone_from</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="ident">source</span>.<span class="ident">vec</span>);
}
}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"rust1"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.0.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">FromIterator</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">char</span><span class="op">></span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">String</span> {
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">from_iter</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">I</span>: <span class="ident">IntoIterator</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">Item</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">char</span><span class="op">>></span>(<span class="ident">iter</span>: <span class="ident">I</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">String</span> {
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">buf</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">String</span>::<span class="ident">new</span>();
<span class="ident">buf</span>.<span class="ident">extend</span>(<span class="ident">iter</span>);
<span class="ident">buf</span>
}
}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"string_from_iter_by_ref"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.17.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">impl</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span><span class="op">></span> <span class="ident">FromIterator</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span> <span class="ident">char</span><span class="op">></span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">String</span> {
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">from_iter</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">I</span>: <span class="ident">IntoIterator</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">Item</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span> <span class="ident">char</span><span class="op">>></span>(<span class="ident">iter</span>: <span class="ident">I</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">String</span> {
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">buf</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">String</span>::<span class="ident">new</span>();
<span class="ident">buf</span>.<span class="ident">extend</span>(<span class="ident">iter</span>);
<span class="ident">buf</span>
}
}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"rust1"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.0.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">impl</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span><span class="op">></span> <span class="ident">FromIterator</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span> <span class="ident">str</span><span class="op">></span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">String</span> {
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">from_iter</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">I</span>: <span class="ident">IntoIterator</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">Item</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span> <span class="ident">str</span><span class="op">>></span>(<span class="ident">iter</span>: <span class="ident">I</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">String</span> {
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">buf</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">String</span>::<span class="ident">new</span>();
<span class="ident">buf</span>.<span class="ident">extend</span>(<span class="ident">iter</span>);
<span class="ident">buf</span>
}
}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"extend_string"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.4.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">FromIterator</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">String</span><span class="op">></span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">String</span> {
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">from_iter</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">I</span>: <span class="ident">IntoIterator</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">Item</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">String</span><span class="op">>></span>(<span class="ident">iter</span>: <span class="ident">I</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">String</span> {
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">buf</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">String</span>::<span class="ident">new</span>();
<span class="ident">buf</span>.<span class="ident">extend</span>(<span class="ident">iter</span>);
<span class="ident">buf</span>
}
}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"herd_cows"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.19.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">impl</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span><span class="op">></span> <span class="ident">FromIterator</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">Cow</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span>, <span class="ident">str</span><span class="op">>></span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">String</span> {
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">from_iter</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">I</span>: <span class="ident">IntoIterator</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">Item</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">Cow</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span>, <span class="ident">str</span><span class="op">>></span><span class="op">></span>(<span class="ident">iter</span>: <span class="ident">I</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">String</span> {
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">buf</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">String</span>::<span class="ident">new</span>();
<span class="ident">buf</span>.<span class="ident">extend</span>(<span class="ident">iter</span>);
<span class="ident">buf</span>
}
}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"rust1"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.0.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">Extend</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">char</span><span class="op">></span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">String</span> {
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">extend</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">I</span>: <span class="ident">IntoIterator</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">Item</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">char</span><span class="op">>></span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">iter</span>: <span class="ident">I</span>) {
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">iterator</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">iter</span>.<span class="ident">into_iter</span>();
<span class="kw">let</span> (<span class="ident">lower_bound</span>, _) <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">iterator</span>.<span class="ident">size_hint</span>();
<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">reserve</span>(<span class="ident">lower_bound</span>);
<span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">ch</span> <span class="kw">in</span> <span class="ident">iterator</span> {
<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">push</span>(<span class="ident">ch</span>)
}
}
}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"extend_ref"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.2.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">impl</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span><span class="op">></span> <span class="ident">Extend</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span> <span class="ident">char</span><span class="op">></span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">String</span> {
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">extend</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">I</span>: <span class="ident">IntoIterator</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">Item</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span> <span class="ident">char</span><span class="op">>></span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">iter</span>: <span class="ident">I</span>) {
<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">extend</span>(<span class="ident">iter</span>.<span class="ident">into_iter</span>().<span class="ident">cloned</span>());
}
}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"rust1"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.0.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">impl</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span><span class="op">></span> <span class="ident">Extend</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span> <span class="ident">str</span><span class="op">></span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">String</span> {
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">extend</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">I</span>: <span class="ident">IntoIterator</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">Item</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span> <span class="ident">str</span><span class="op">>></span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">iter</span>: <span class="ident">I</span>) {
<span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">s</span> <span class="kw">in</span> <span class="ident">iter</span> {
<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">push_str</span>(<span class="ident">s</span>)
}
}
}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"extend_string"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.4.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">Extend</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">String</span><span class="op">></span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">String</span> {
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">extend</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">I</span>: <span class="ident">IntoIterator</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">Item</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">String</span><span class="op">>></span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">iter</span>: <span class="ident">I</span>) {
<span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">s</span> <span class="kw">in</span> <span class="ident">iter</span> {
<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">push_str</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="ident">s</span>)
}
}
}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"herd_cows"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.19.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">impl</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span><span class="op">></span> <span class="ident">Extend</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">Cow</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span>, <span class="ident">str</span><span class="op">>></span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">String</span> {
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">extend</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">I</span>: <span class="ident">IntoIterator</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">Item</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">Cow</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span>, <span class="ident">str</span><span class="op">>></span><span class="op">></span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">iter</span>: <span class="ident">I</span>) {
<span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">s</span> <span class="kw">in</span> <span class="ident">iter</span> {
<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">push_str</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="ident">s</span>)
}
}
}
<span class="doccomment">/// A convenience impl that delegates to the impl for `&str`</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">unstable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"pattern"</span>,
<span class="ident">reason</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"API not fully fleshed out and ready to be stabilized"</span>,
<span class="ident">issue</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"27721"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">impl</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span>, <span class="lifetime">'b</span><span class="op">></span> <span class="ident">Pattern</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span><span class="op">></span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="lifetime">'b</span> <span class="ident">String</span> {
<span class="kw">type</span> <span class="ident">Searcher</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="op"><</span><span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="lifetime">'b</span> <span class="ident">str</span> <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="ident">Pattern</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span><span class="op">>></span>::<span class="ident">Searcher</span>;
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">into_searcher</span>(<span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">haystack</span>: <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span> <span class="ident">str</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="op"><</span><span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="lifetime">'b</span> <span class="ident">str</span> <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="ident">Pattern</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span><span class="op">>></span>::<span class="ident">Searcher</span> {
<span class="self">self</span>[..].<span class="ident">into_searcher</span>(<span class="ident">haystack</span>)
}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">inline</span>]</span>
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">is_contained_in</span>(<span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">haystack</span>: <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span> <span class="ident">str</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">bool</span> {
<span class="self">self</span>[..].<span class="ident">is_contained_in</span>(<span class="ident">haystack</span>)
}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">inline</span>]</span>
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">is_prefix_of</span>(<span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">haystack</span>: <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span> <span class="ident">str</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">bool</span> {
<span class="self">self</span>[..].<span class="ident">is_prefix_of</span>(<span class="ident">haystack</span>)
}
}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"rust1"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.0.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">PartialEq</span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">String</span> {
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">inline</span>]</span>
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">eq</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">other</span>: <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="ident">String</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">bool</span> {
<span class="ident">PartialEq</span>::<span class="ident">eq</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>[..], <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="ident">other</span>[..])
}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">inline</span>]</span>
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">ne</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">other</span>: <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="ident">String</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">bool</span> {
<span class="ident">PartialEq</span>::<span class="ident">ne</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>[..], <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="ident">other</span>[..])
}
}
<span class="macro">macro_rules</span><span class="macro">!</span> <span class="ident">impl_eq</span> {
(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$</span><span class="macro-nonterminal">lhs</span>:<span class="ident">ty</span>, <span class="macro-nonterminal">$</span><span class="macro-nonterminal">rhs</span>: <span class="ident">ty</span>) <span class="op">=></span> {
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"rust1"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.0.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">impl</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span>, <span class="lifetime">'b</span><span class="op">></span> <span class="ident">PartialEq</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="macro-nonterminal">$</span><span class="macro-nonterminal">rhs</span><span class="op">></span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="macro-nonterminal">$</span><span class="macro-nonterminal">lhs</span> {
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">inline</span>]</span>
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">eq</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">other</span>: <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="macro-nonterminal">$</span><span class="macro-nonterminal">rhs</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">bool</span> { <span class="ident">PartialEq</span>::<span class="ident">eq</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>[..], <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="ident">other</span>[..]) }
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">inline</span>]</span>
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">ne</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">other</span>: <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="macro-nonterminal">$</span><span class="macro-nonterminal">rhs</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">bool</span> { <span class="ident">PartialEq</span>::<span class="ident">ne</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>[..], <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="ident">other</span>[..]) }
}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"rust1"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.0.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">impl</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span>, <span class="lifetime">'b</span><span class="op">></span> <span class="ident">PartialEq</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="macro-nonterminal">$</span><span class="macro-nonterminal">lhs</span><span class="op">></span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="macro-nonterminal">$</span><span class="macro-nonterminal">rhs</span> {
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">inline</span>]</span>
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">eq</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">other</span>: <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="macro-nonterminal">$</span><span class="macro-nonterminal">lhs</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">bool</span> { <span class="ident">PartialEq</span>::<span class="ident">eq</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>[..], <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="ident">other</span>[..]) }
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">inline</span>]</span>
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">ne</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">other</span>: <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="macro-nonterminal">$</span><span class="macro-nonterminal">lhs</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">bool</span> { <span class="ident">PartialEq</span>::<span class="ident">ne</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>[..], <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="ident">other</span>[..]) }
}
}
}
<span class="macro">impl_eq</span><span class="macro">!</span> { <span class="ident">String</span>, <span class="ident">str</span> }
<span class="macro">impl_eq</span><span class="macro">!</span> { <span class="ident">String</span>, <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span> <span class="ident">str</span> }
<span class="macro">impl_eq</span><span class="macro">!</span> { <span class="ident">Cow</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span>, <span class="ident">str</span><span class="op">></span>, <span class="ident">str</span> }
<span class="macro">impl_eq</span><span class="macro">!</span> { <span class="ident">Cow</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span>, <span class="ident">str</span><span class="op">></span>, <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="lifetime">'b</span> <span class="ident">str</span> }
<span class="macro">impl_eq</span><span class="macro">!</span> { <span class="ident">Cow</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span>, <span class="ident">str</span><span class="op">></span>, <span class="ident">String</span> }
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"rust1"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.0.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">Default</span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">String</span> {
<span class="doccomment">/// Creates an empty `String`.</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">inline</span>]</span>
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">default</span>() <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">String</span> {
<span class="ident">String</span>::<span class="ident">new</span>()
}
}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"rust1"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.0.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">fmt</span>::<span class="ident">Display</span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">String</span> {
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">inline</span>]</span>
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">fmt</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">f</span>: <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">fmt</span>::<span class="ident">Formatter</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">fmt</span>::<span class="prelude-ty">Result</span> {
<span class="ident">fmt</span>::<span class="ident">Display</span>::<span class="ident">fmt</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="kw-2">*</span><span class="kw-2">*</span><span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">f</span>)
}
}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"rust1"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.0.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">fmt</span>::<span class="ident">Debug</span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">String</span> {
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">inline</span>]</span>
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">fmt</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">f</span>: <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">fmt</span>::<span class="ident">Formatter</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">fmt</span>::<span class="prelude-ty">Result</span> {
<span class="ident">fmt</span>::<span class="ident">Debug</span>::<span class="ident">fmt</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="kw-2">*</span><span class="kw-2">*</span><span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">f</span>)
}
}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"rust1"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.0.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">hash</span>::<span class="ident">Hash</span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">String</span> {
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">inline</span>]</span>
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">hash</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">H</span>: <span class="ident">hash</span>::<span class="ident">Hasher</span><span class="op">></span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">hasher</span>: <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">H</span>) {
(<span class="kw-2">*</span><span class="kw-2">*</span><span class="self">self</span>).<span class="ident">hash</span>(<span class="ident">hasher</span>)
}
}
<span class="doccomment">/// Implements the `+` operator for concatenating two strings.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// This consumes the `String` on the left-hand side and re-uses its buffer (growing it if</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// necessary). This is done to avoid allocating a new `String` and copying the entire contents on</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// every operation, which would lead to `O(n^2)` running time when building an `n`-byte string by</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// repeated concatenation.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// The string on the right-hand side is only borrowed; its contents are copied into the returned</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// `String`.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// # Examples</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// Concatenating two `String`s takes the first by value and borrows the second:</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let a = String::from("hello");</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let b = String::from(" world");</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let c = a + &b;</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// // `a` is moved and can no longer be used here.</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// If you want to keep using the first `String`, you can clone it and append to the clone instead:</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let a = String::from("hello");</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let b = String::from(" world");</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let c = a.clone() + &b;</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// // `a` is still valid here.</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// Concatenating `&str` slices can be done by converting the first to a `String`:</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let a = "hello";</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let b = " world";</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let c = a.to_string() + b;</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"rust1"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.0.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">impl</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span><span class="op">></span> <span class="ident">Add</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span> <span class="ident">str</span><span class="op">></span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">String</span> {
<span class="kw">type</span> <span class="ident">Output</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">String</span>;
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">inline</span>]</span>
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">add</span>(<span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">other</span>: <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="ident">str</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">String</span> {
<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">push_str</span>(<span class="ident">other</span>);
<span class="self">self</span>
}
}
<span class="doccomment">/// Implements the `+=` operator for appending to a `String`.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// This has the same behavior as the [`push_str`] method.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`push_str`]: struct.String.html#method.push_str</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"stringaddassign"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.12.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">impl</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span><span class="op">></span> <span class="ident">AddAssign</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span> <span class="ident">str</span><span class="op">></span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">String</span> {
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">inline</span>]</span>
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">add_assign</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">other</span>: <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="ident">str</span>) {
<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">push_str</span>(<span class="ident">other</span>);
}
}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"rust1"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.0.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">ops</span>::<span class="ident">Index</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">ops</span>::<span class="ident">Range</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">usize</span><span class="op">>></span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">String</span> {
<span class="kw">type</span> <span class="ident">Output</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">str</span>;
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">inline</span>]</span>
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">index</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">index</span>: <span class="ident">ops</span>::<span class="ident">Range</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">usize</span><span class="op">></span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="ident">str</span> {
<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>[..][<span class="ident">index</span>]
}
}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"rust1"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.0.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">ops</span>::<span class="ident">Index</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">ops</span>::<span class="ident">RangeTo</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">usize</span><span class="op">>></span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">String</span> {
<span class="kw">type</span> <span class="ident">Output</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">str</span>;
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">inline</span>]</span>
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">index</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">index</span>: <span class="ident">ops</span>::<span class="ident">RangeTo</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">usize</span><span class="op">></span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="ident">str</span> {
<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>[..][<span class="ident">index</span>]
}
}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"rust1"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.0.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">ops</span>::<span class="ident">Index</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">ops</span>::<span class="ident">RangeFrom</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">usize</span><span class="op">>></span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">String</span> {
<span class="kw">type</span> <span class="ident">Output</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">str</span>;
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">inline</span>]</span>
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">index</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">index</span>: <span class="ident">ops</span>::<span class="ident">RangeFrom</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">usize</span><span class="op">></span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="ident">str</span> {
<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>[..][<span class="ident">index</span>]
}
}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"rust1"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.0.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">ops</span>::<span class="ident">Index</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">ops</span>::<span class="ident">RangeFull</span><span class="op">></span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">String</span> {
<span class="kw">type</span> <span class="ident">Output</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">str</span>;
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">inline</span>]</span>
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">index</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">_index</span>: <span class="ident">ops</span>::<span class="ident">RangeFull</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="ident">str</span> {
<span class="kw">unsafe</span> { <span class="ident">str</span>::<span class="ident">from_utf8_unchecked</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">vec</span>) }
}
}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">unstable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"inclusive_range"</span>, <span class="ident">reason</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"recently added, follows RFC"</span>, <span class="ident">issue</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"28237"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">ops</span>::<span class="ident">Index</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">ops</span>::<span class="ident">RangeInclusive</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">usize</span><span class="op">>></span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">String</span> {
<span class="kw">type</span> <span class="ident">Output</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">str</span>;
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">inline</span>]</span>
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">index</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">index</span>: <span class="ident">ops</span>::<span class="ident">RangeInclusive</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">usize</span><span class="op">></span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="ident">str</span> {
<span class="ident">Index</span>::<span class="ident">index</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="kw-2">*</span><span class="kw-2">*</span><span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">index</span>)
}
}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">unstable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"inclusive_range"</span>, <span class="ident">reason</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"recently added, follows RFC"</span>, <span class="ident">issue</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"28237"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">ops</span>::<span class="ident">Index</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">ops</span>::<span class="ident">RangeToInclusive</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">usize</span><span class="op">>></span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">String</span> {
<span class="kw">type</span> <span class="ident">Output</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">str</span>;
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">inline</span>]</span>
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">index</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">index</span>: <span class="ident">ops</span>::<span class="ident">RangeToInclusive</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">usize</span><span class="op">></span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="ident">str</span> {
<span class="ident">Index</span>::<span class="ident">index</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="kw-2">*</span><span class="kw-2">*</span><span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">index</span>)
}
}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"derefmut_for_string"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.3.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">ops</span>::<span class="ident">IndexMut</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">ops</span>::<span class="ident">Range</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">usize</span><span class="op">>></span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">String</span> {
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">inline</span>]</span>
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">index_mut</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">index</span>: <span class="ident">ops</span>::<span class="ident">Range</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">usize</span><span class="op">></span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">str</span> {
<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="self">self</span>[..][<span class="ident">index</span>]
}
}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"derefmut_for_string"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.3.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">ops</span>::<span class="ident">IndexMut</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">ops</span>::<span class="ident">RangeTo</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">usize</span><span class="op">>></span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">String</span> {
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">inline</span>]</span>
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">index_mut</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">index</span>: <span class="ident">ops</span>::<span class="ident">RangeTo</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">usize</span><span class="op">></span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">str</span> {
<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="self">self</span>[..][<span class="ident">index</span>]
}
}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"derefmut_for_string"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.3.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">ops</span>::<span class="ident">IndexMut</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">ops</span>::<span class="ident">RangeFrom</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">usize</span><span class="op">>></span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">String</span> {
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">inline</span>]</span>
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">index_mut</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">index</span>: <span class="ident">ops</span>::<span class="ident">RangeFrom</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">usize</span><span class="op">></span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">str</span> {
<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="self">self</span>[..][<span class="ident">index</span>]
}
}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"derefmut_for_string"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.3.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">ops</span>::<span class="ident">IndexMut</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">ops</span>::<span class="ident">RangeFull</span><span class="op">></span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">String</span> {
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">inline</span>]</span>
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">index_mut</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">_index</span>: <span class="ident">ops</span>::<span class="ident">RangeFull</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">str</span> {
<span class="kw">unsafe</span> { <span class="ident">str</span>::<span class="ident">from_utf8_unchecked_mut</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="kw-2">*</span><span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">vec</span>) }
}
}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">unstable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"inclusive_range"</span>, <span class="ident">reason</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"recently added, follows RFC"</span>, <span class="ident">issue</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"28237"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">ops</span>::<span class="ident">IndexMut</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">ops</span>::<span class="ident">RangeInclusive</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">usize</span><span class="op">>></span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">String</span> {
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">inline</span>]</span>
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">index_mut</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">index</span>: <span class="ident">ops</span>::<span class="ident">RangeInclusive</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">usize</span><span class="op">></span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">str</span> {
<span class="ident">IndexMut</span>::<span class="ident">index_mut</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="kw-2">*</span><span class="kw-2">*</span><span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">index</span>)
}
}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">unstable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"inclusive_range"</span>, <span class="ident">reason</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"recently added, follows RFC"</span>, <span class="ident">issue</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"28237"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">ops</span>::<span class="ident">IndexMut</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">ops</span>::<span class="ident">RangeToInclusive</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">usize</span><span class="op">>></span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">String</span> {
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">inline</span>]</span>
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">index_mut</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">index</span>: <span class="ident">ops</span>::<span class="ident">RangeToInclusive</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">usize</span><span class="op">></span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">str</span> {
<span class="ident">IndexMut</span>::<span class="ident">index_mut</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="kw-2">*</span><span class="kw-2">*</span><span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">index</span>)
}
}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"rust1"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.0.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">ops</span>::<span class="ident">Deref</span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">String</span> {
<span class="kw">type</span> <span class="ident">Target</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">str</span>;
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">inline</span>]</span>
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">deref</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="ident">str</span> {
<span class="kw">unsafe</span> { <span class="ident">str</span>::<span class="ident">from_utf8_unchecked</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">vec</span>) }
}
}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"derefmut_for_string"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.3.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">ops</span>::<span class="ident">DerefMut</span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">String</span> {
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">inline</span>]</span>
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">deref_mut</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">str</span> {
<span class="kw">unsafe</span> { <span class="ident">str</span>::<span class="ident">from_utf8_unchecked_mut</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="kw-2">*</span><span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">vec</span>) }
}
}
<span class="doccomment">/// An error when parsing a `String`.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// This `enum` is slightly awkward: it will never actually exist. This error is</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// part of the type signature of the implementation of [`FromStr`] on</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`String`]. The return type of [`from_str`], requires that an error be</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// defined, but, given that a [`String`] can always be made into a new</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`String`] without error, this type will never actually be returned. As</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// such, it is only here to satisfy said signature, and is useless otherwise.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`FromStr`]: ../../std/str/trait.FromStr.html</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`String`]: struct.String.html</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`from_str`]: ../../std/str/trait.FromStr.html#tymethod.from_str</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"str_parse_error"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.5.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">derive</span>(<span class="ident">Copy</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">enum</span> <span class="ident">ParseError</span> {}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"rust1"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.0.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">FromStr</span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">String</span> {
<span class="kw">type</span> <span class="prelude-val">Err</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">ParseError</span>;
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">inline</span>]</span>
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">from_str</span>(<span class="ident">s</span>: <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="ident">str</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">String</span>, <span class="ident">ParseError</span><span class="op">></span> {
<span class="prelude-val">Ok</span>(<span class="ident">String</span>::<span class="ident">from</span>(<span class="ident">s</span>))
}
}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"str_parse_error"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.5.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">Clone</span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">ParseError</span> {
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">clone</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">ParseError</span> {
<span class="kw">match</span> <span class="kw-2">*</span><span class="self">self</span> {}
}
}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"str_parse_error"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.5.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">fmt</span>::<span class="ident">Debug</span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">ParseError</span> {
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">fmt</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>, _: <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">fmt</span>::<span class="ident">Formatter</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">fmt</span>::<span class="prelude-ty">Result</span> {
<span class="kw">match</span> <span class="kw-2">*</span><span class="self">self</span> {}
}
}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"str_parse_error2"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.8.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">fmt</span>::<span class="ident">Display</span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">ParseError</span> {
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">fmt</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>, _: <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">fmt</span>::<span class="ident">Formatter</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">fmt</span>::<span class="prelude-ty">Result</span> {
<span class="kw">match</span> <span class="kw-2">*</span><span class="self">self</span> {}
}
}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"str_parse_error"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.5.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">PartialEq</span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">ParseError</span> {
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">eq</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>, _: <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="ident">ParseError</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">bool</span> {
<span class="kw">match</span> <span class="kw-2">*</span><span class="self">self</span> {}
}
}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"str_parse_error"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.5.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">Eq</span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">ParseError</span> {}
<span class="doccomment">/// A trait for converting a value to a `String`.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// This trait is automatically implemented for any type which implements the</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`Display`] trait. As such, `ToString` shouldn't be implemented directly:</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`Display`] should be implemented instead, and you get the `ToString`</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// implementation for free.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`Display`]: ../../std/fmt/trait.Display.html</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"rust1"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.0.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">trait</span> <span class="ident">ToString</span> {
<span class="doccomment">/// Converts the given value to a `String`.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// # Examples</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// Basic usage:</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let i = 5;</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let five = String::from("5");</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// assert_eq!(five, i.to_string());</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">rustc_conversion_suggestion</span>]</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"rust1"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.0.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">to_string</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">String</span>;
}
<span class="doccomment">/// # Panics</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// In this implementation, the `to_string` method panics</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// if the `Display` implementation returns an error.</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// This indicates an incorrect `Display` implementation</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// since `fmt::Write for String` never returns an error itself.</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"rust1"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.0.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">impl</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">T</span>: <span class="ident">fmt</span>::<span class="ident">Display</span> <span class="op">+</span> <span class="question-mark">?</span><span class="ident">Sized</span><span class="op">></span> <span class="ident">ToString</span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">T</span> {
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">inline</span>]</span>
<span class="ident">default</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">to_string</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">String</span> {
<span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">core</span>::<span class="ident">fmt</span>::<span class="ident">Write</span>;
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">buf</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">String</span>::<span class="ident">new</span>();
<span class="ident">buf</span>.<span class="ident">write_fmt</span>(<span class="macro">format_args</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="string">"{}"</span>, <span class="self">self</span>))
.<span class="ident">expect</span>(<span class="string">"a Display implementation return an error unexpectedly"</span>);
<span class="ident">buf</span>.<span class="ident">shrink_to_fit</span>();
<span class="ident">buf</span>
}
}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"str_to_string_specialization"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.9.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">ToString</span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">str</span> {
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">inline</span>]</span>
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">to_string</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">String</span> {
<span class="ident">String</span>::<span class="ident">from</span>(<span class="self">self</span>)
}
}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"cow_str_to_string_specialization"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.17.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">impl</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span><span class="op">></span> <span class="ident">ToString</span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">Cow</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span>, <span class="ident">str</span><span class="op">></span> {
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">inline</span>]</span>
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">to_string</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">String</span> {
<span class="self">self</span>[..].<span class="ident">to_owned</span>()
}
}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"string_to_string_specialization"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.17.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">ToString</span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">String</span> {
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">inline</span>]</span>
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">to_string</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">String</span> {
<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">to_owned</span>()
}
}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"rust1"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.0.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">AsRef</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">str</span><span class="op">></span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">String</span> {
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">inline</span>]</span>
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">as_ref</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="ident">str</span> {
<span class="self">self</span>
}
}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"rust1"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.0.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">AsRef</span><span class="op"><</span>[<span class="ident">u8</span>]<span class="op">></span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">String</span> {
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">inline</span>]</span>
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">as_ref</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="kw-2">&</span>[<span class="ident">u8</span>] {
<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">as_bytes</span>()
}
}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"rust1"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.0.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">impl</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span><span class="op">></span> <span class="ident">From</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span> <span class="ident">str</span><span class="op">></span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">String</span> {
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">from</span>(<span class="ident">s</span>: <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span> <span class="ident">str</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">String</span> {
<span class="ident">s</span>.<span class="ident">to_owned</span>()
}
}
<span class="comment">// note: test pulls in libstd, which causes errors here</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">cfg</span>(<span class="ident">not</span>(<span class="ident">test</span>))]</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"string_from_box"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.18.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">From</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">Box</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">str</span><span class="op">>></span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">String</span> {
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">from</span>(<span class="ident">s</span>: <span class="ident">Box</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">str</span><span class="op">></span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">String</span> {
<span class="ident">s</span>.<span class="ident">into_string</span>()
}
}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"box_from_str"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.20.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">From</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">String</span><span class="op">></span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">Box</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">str</span><span class="op">></span> {
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">from</span>(<span class="ident">s</span>: <span class="ident">String</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">Box</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">str</span><span class="op">></span> {
<span class="ident">s</span>.<span class="ident">into_boxed_str</span>()
}
}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"string_from_cow_str"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.14.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">impl</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span><span class="op">></span> <span class="ident">From</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">Cow</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span>, <span class="ident">str</span><span class="op">>></span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">String</span> {
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">from</span>(<span class="ident">s</span>: <span class="ident">Cow</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span>, <span class="ident">str</span><span class="op">></span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">String</span> {
<span class="ident">s</span>.<span class="ident">into_owned</span>()
}
}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"rust1"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.0.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">impl</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span><span class="op">></span> <span class="ident">From</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span> <span class="ident">str</span><span class="op">></span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">Cow</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span>, <span class="ident">str</span><span class="op">></span> {
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">inline</span>]</span>
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">from</span>(<span class="ident">s</span>: <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span> <span class="ident">str</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">Cow</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span>, <span class="ident">str</span><span class="op">></span> {
<span class="ident">Cow</span>::<span class="ident">Borrowed</span>(<span class="ident">s</span>)
}
}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"rust1"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.0.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">impl</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span><span class="op">></span> <span class="ident">From</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">String</span><span class="op">></span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">Cow</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span>, <span class="ident">str</span><span class="op">></span> {
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">inline</span>]</span>
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">from</span>(<span class="ident">s</span>: <span class="ident">String</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">Cow</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span>, <span class="ident">str</span><span class="op">></span> {
<span class="ident">Cow</span>::<span class="ident">Owned</span>(<span class="ident">s</span>)
}
}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"cow_str_from_iter"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.12.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">impl</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span><span class="op">></span> <span class="ident">FromIterator</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">char</span><span class="op">></span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">Cow</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span>, <span class="ident">str</span><span class="op">></span> {
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">from_iter</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">I</span>: <span class="ident">IntoIterator</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">Item</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">char</span><span class="op">>></span>(<span class="ident">it</span>: <span class="ident">I</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">Cow</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span>, <span class="ident">str</span><span class="op">></span> {
<span class="ident">Cow</span>::<span class="ident">Owned</span>(<span class="ident">FromIterator</span>::<span class="ident">from_iter</span>(<span class="ident">it</span>))
}
}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"cow_str_from_iter"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.12.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">impl</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span>, <span class="lifetime">'b</span><span class="op">></span> <span class="ident">FromIterator</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="lifetime">'b</span> <span class="ident">str</span><span class="op">></span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">Cow</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span>, <span class="ident">str</span><span class="op">></span> {
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">from_iter</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">I</span>: <span class="ident">IntoIterator</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">Item</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="lifetime">'b</span> <span class="ident">str</span><span class="op">>></span>(<span class="ident">it</span>: <span class="ident">I</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">Cow</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span>, <span class="ident">str</span><span class="op">></span> {
<span class="ident">Cow</span>::<span class="ident">Owned</span>(<span class="ident">FromIterator</span>::<span class="ident">from_iter</span>(<span class="ident">it</span>))
}
}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"cow_str_from_iter"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.12.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">impl</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span><span class="op">></span> <span class="ident">FromIterator</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">String</span><span class="op">></span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">Cow</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span>, <span class="ident">str</span><span class="op">></span> {
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">from_iter</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">I</span>: <span class="ident">IntoIterator</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">Item</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">String</span><span class="op">>></span>(<span class="ident">it</span>: <span class="ident">I</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">Cow</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span>, <span class="ident">str</span><span class="op">></span> {
<span class="ident">Cow</span>::<span class="ident">Owned</span>(<span class="ident">FromIterator</span>::<span class="ident">from_iter</span>(<span class="ident">it</span>))
}
}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"from_string_for_vec_u8"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.14.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">From</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">String</span><span class="op">></span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">Vec</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">u8</span><span class="op">></span> {
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">from</span>(<span class="ident">string</span>: <span class="ident">String</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">Vec</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">u8</span><span class="op">></span> {
<span class="ident">string</span>.<span class="ident">into_bytes</span>()
}
}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"rust1"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.0.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">fmt</span>::<span class="ident">Write</span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">String</span> {
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">inline</span>]</span>
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">write_str</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">s</span>: <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="ident">str</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">fmt</span>::<span class="prelude-ty">Result</span> {
<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">push_str</span>(<span class="ident">s</span>);
<span class="prelude-val">Ok</span>(())
}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">inline</span>]</span>
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">write_char</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">c</span>: <span class="ident">char</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">fmt</span>::<span class="prelude-ty">Result</span> {
<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">push</span>(<span class="ident">c</span>);
<span class="prelude-val">Ok</span>(())
}
}
<span class="doccomment">/// A draining iterator for `String`.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// This struct is created by the [`drain`] method on [`String`]. See its</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// documentation for more.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`drain`]: struct.String.html#method.drain</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`String`]: struct.String.html</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"drain"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.6.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">struct</span> <span class="ident">Drain</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span><span class="op">></span> {
<span class="doccomment">/// Will be used as &'a mut String in the destructor</span>
<span class="ident">string</span>: <span class="kw-2">*</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">String</span>,
<span class="doccomment">/// Start of part to remove</span>
<span class="ident">start</span>: <span class="ident">usize</span>,
<span class="doccomment">/// End of part to remove</span>
<span class="ident">end</span>: <span class="ident">usize</span>,
<span class="doccomment">/// Current remaining range to remove</span>
<span class="ident">iter</span>: <span class="ident">Chars</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span><span class="op">></span>,
}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"collection_debug"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.17.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">impl</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span><span class="op">></span> <span class="ident">fmt</span>::<span class="ident">Debug</span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">Drain</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span><span class="op">></span> {
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">fmt</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">f</span>: <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">fmt</span>::<span class="ident">Formatter</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">fmt</span>::<span class="prelude-ty">Result</span> {
<span class="ident">f</span>.<span class="ident">pad</span>(<span class="string">"Drain { .. }"</span>)
}
}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"drain"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.6.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">unsafe</span> <span class="kw">impl</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span><span class="op">></span> <span class="ident">Sync</span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">Drain</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span><span class="op">></span> {}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"drain"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.6.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">unsafe</span> <span class="kw">impl</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span><span class="op">></span> <span class="ident">Send</span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">Drain</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span><span class="op">></span> {}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"drain"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.6.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">impl</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span><span class="op">></span> <span class="ident">Drop</span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">Drain</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span><span class="op">></span> {
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">drop</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="self">self</span>) {
<span class="kw">unsafe</span> {
<span class="comment">// Use Vec::drain. "Reaffirm" the bounds checks to avoid</span>
<span class="comment">// panic code being inserted again.</span>
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">self_vec</span> <span class="op">=</span> (<span class="kw-2">*</span><span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">string</span>).<span class="ident">as_mut_vec</span>();
<span class="kw">if</span> <span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">start</span> <span class="op"><=</span> <span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">end</span> <span class="op">&&</span> <span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">end</span> <span class="op"><=</span> <span class="ident">self_vec</span>.<span class="ident">len</span>() {
<span class="ident">self_vec</span>.<span class="ident">drain</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">start</span>..<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">end</span>);
}
}
}
}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"drain"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.6.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">impl</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span><span class="op">></span> <span class="ident">Iterator</span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">Drain</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span><span class="op">></span> {
<span class="kw">type</span> <span class="ident">Item</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">char</span>;
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">inline</span>]</span>
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">next</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="prelude-ty">Option</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">char</span><span class="op">></span> {
<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">iter</span>.<span class="ident">next</span>()
}
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">size_hint</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-></span> (<span class="ident">usize</span>, <span class="prelude-ty">Option</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">usize</span><span class="op">></span>) {
<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">iter</span>.<span class="ident">size_hint</span>()
}
}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"drain"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.6.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">impl</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span><span class="op">></span> <span class="ident">DoubleEndedIterator</span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">Drain</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span><span class="op">></span> {
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">inline</span>]</span>
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">next_back</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="prelude-ty">Option</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">char</span><span class="op">></span> {
<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">iter</span>.<span class="ident">next_back</span>()
}
}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">unstable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"fused"</span>, <span class="ident">issue</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"35602"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">impl</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span><span class="op">></span> <span class="ident">FusedIterator</span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">Drain</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span><span class="op">></span> {}
</pre>
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