<!DOCTYPE html> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <title>Python Language Services — Python 3.7.10 documentation</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/pydoctheme.css" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" /> <script type="text/javascript" id="documentation_options" data-url_root="../" src="../_static/documentation_options.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/jquery.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/underscore.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/doctools.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/language_data.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/sidebar.js"></script> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" title="Search within Python 3.7.10 documentation" href="../_static/opensearch.xml"/> <link rel="author" title="About these documents" href="../about.html" /> <link rel="index" title="Index" href="../genindex.html" /> <link rel="search" title="Search" href="../search.html" /> <link rel="copyright" title="Copyright" href="../copyright.html" /> <link rel="next" title="parser — Access Python parse trees" href="parser.html" /> <link rel="prev" title="importlib — The implementation of import" href="importlib.html" /> <link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/png" href="../_static/py.png" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/language.html" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/copybutton.js"></script> <style> @media only screen { table.full-width-table { width: 100%; } } </style> </head><body> <div class="related" role="navigation" aria-label="related navigation"> <h3>Navigation</h3> <ul> <li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px"> <a href="../genindex.html" title="General Index" accesskey="I">index</a></li> <li class="right" > <a href="../py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index" >modules</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="parser.html" title="parser — Access Python parse trees" accesskey="N">next</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="importlib.html" title="importlib — The implementation of import" accesskey="P">previous</a> |</li> <li><img src="../_static/py.png" alt="" style="vertical-align: middle; margin-top: -1px"/></li> <li><a href="https://www.python.org/">Python</a> »</li> <li> <a href="../index.html">3.7.10 Documentation</a> » </li> <li class="nav-item nav-item-1"><a href="index.html" accesskey="U">The Python Standard Library</a> »</li> <li class="right"> <div class="inline-search" style="display: none" role="search"> <form class="inline-search" action="../search.html" method="get"> <input placeholder="Quick search" type="text" name="q" /> <input type="submit" value="Go" /> <input type="hidden" name="check_keywords" value="yes" /> <input type="hidden" name="area" value="default" /> </form> </div> <script type="text/javascript">$('.inline-search').show(0);</script> | </li> </ul> </div> <div class="document"> <div class="documentwrapper"> <div class="bodywrapper"> <div class="body" role="main"> <div class="section" id="python-language-services"> <span id="language"></span><h1>Python Language Services<a class="headerlink" href="#python-language-services" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1> <p>Python provides a number of modules to assist in working with the Python language. These modules support tokenizing, parsing, syntax analysis, bytecode disassembly, and various other facilities.</p> <p>These modules include:</p> <div class="toctree-wrapper compound"> <ul> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="parser.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">parser</span></code> — Access Python parse trees</a><ul> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="parser.html#creating-st-objects">Creating ST Objects</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="parser.html#converting-st-objects">Converting ST Objects</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="parser.html#queries-on-st-objects">Queries on ST Objects</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="parser.html#exceptions-and-error-handling">Exceptions and Error Handling</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="parser.html#st-objects">ST Objects</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="parser.html#example-emulation-of-compile">Example: Emulation of <code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">compile()</span></code></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="ast.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ast</span></code> — Abstract Syntax Trees</a><ul> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="ast.html#node-classes">Node classes</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="ast.html#abstract-grammar">Abstract Grammar</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="ast.html#ast-helpers"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ast</span></code> Helpers</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="symtable.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">symtable</span></code> — Access to the compiler’s symbol tables</a><ul> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="symtable.html#generating-symbol-tables">Generating Symbol Tables</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="symtable.html#examining-symbol-tables">Examining Symbol Tables</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="symbol.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">symbol</span></code> — Constants used with Python parse trees</a></li> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="token.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">token</span></code> — Constants used with Python parse trees</a></li> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="keyword.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">keyword</span></code> — Testing for Python keywords</a></li> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="tokenize.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tokenize</span></code> — Tokenizer for Python source</a><ul> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="tokenize.html#tokenizing-input">Tokenizing Input</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="tokenize.html#command-line-usage">Command-Line Usage</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="tokenize.html#examples">Examples</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="tabnanny.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tabnanny</span></code> — Detection of ambiguous indentation</a></li> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="pyclbr.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pyclbr</span></code> — Python module browser support</a><ul> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pyclbr.html#function-objects">Function Objects</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pyclbr.html#class-objects">Class Objects</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="py_compile.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">py_compile</span></code> — Compile Python source files</a></li> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="compileall.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">compileall</span></code> — Byte-compile Python libraries</a><ul> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="compileall.html#command-line-use">Command-line use</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="compileall.html#public-functions">Public functions</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="dis.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">dis</span></code> — Disassembler for Python bytecode</a><ul> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="dis.html#bytecode-analysis">Bytecode analysis</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="dis.html#analysis-functions">Analysis functions</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="dis.html#python-bytecode-instructions">Python Bytecode Instructions</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="dis.html#opcode-collections">Opcode collections</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="pickletools.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pickletools</span></code> — Tools for pickle developers</a><ul> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pickletools.html#command-line-usage">Command line usage</a><ul> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="pickletools.html#command-line-options">Command line options</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pickletools.html#programmatic-interface">Programmatic Interface</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sphinxsidebar" role="navigation" aria-label="main navigation"> <div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper"> <h4>Previous topic</h4> <p class="topless"><a href="importlib.html" title="previous chapter"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">importlib</span></code> — The implementation of <code class="xref std std-keyword docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">import</span></code></a></p> <h4>Next topic</h4> <p class="topless"><a href="parser.html" title="next chapter"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">parser</span></code> — Access Python parse trees</a></p> <div role="note" 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