<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title>Script Injection Attacks</title> </head> <body><div class="manualnavbar" style="text-align: center;"> <div class="prev" style="text-align: left; float: left;"><a href="mongodb.security.request_injection.html">Request Injection Attacks</a></div> <div class="next" style="text-align: right; float: right;"><a href="book.mongodb.html">MongoDB\Driver</a></div> <div class="up"><a href="mongodb.security.html">Security</a></div> <div class="home"><a href="index.html">PHP Manual</a></div> </div><hr /><div id="mongodb.security.script_injection" class="article"> <h1>Script Injection Attacks</h1> <p class="para"> If you are using JavaScript, make sure that any variables that cross the PHP- to-JavaScript boundry are passed in the <em>scope</em> field of <a href="class.mongodb-bson-javascript.html" class="classname">MongoDB\BSON\Javascript</a>, not interpolated into the JavaScript string. This can come up when using <em>$where</em> clauses in queries, mapReduce and group commands, and any other time you may pass JavaScript into the database. </p> <p class="para"> For example, suppose we have some JavaScript to greet a user in the database logs. We could do: </p> <div class="example-contents"> <div class="phpcode"><code><span style="color: #000000"> <span style="color: #0000BB"><?php<br />$m </span><span style="color: #007700">= new </span><span style="color: #0000BB">MongoDB</span><span style="color: #007700">\</span><span style="color: #0000BB">Driver</span><span style="color: #007700">\</span><span style="color: #0000BB">Manager</span><span style="color: #007700">;<br /><br /></span><span style="color: #FF8000">// Don't do this!!!<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">$username </span><span style="color: #007700">= </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$_GET</span><span style="color: #007700">[</span><span style="color: #DD0000">'field'</span><span style="color: #007700">]; <br /><br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">$cmd </span><span style="color: #007700">= new \</span><span style="color: #0000BB">MongoDB</span><span style="color: #007700">\</span><span style="color: #0000BB">Driver</span><span style="color: #007700">\</span><span style="color: #0000BB">Command</span><span style="color: #007700">( [<br /> </span><span style="color: #DD0000">'eval' </span><span style="color: #007700">=> </span><span style="color: #DD0000">"print('Hello, </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$username</span><span style="color: #DD0000">!');"<br /></span><span style="color: #007700">] );<br /><br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">$r </span><span style="color: #007700">= </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$m</span><span style="color: #007700">-></span><span style="color: #0000BB">executeCommand</span><span style="color: #007700">( </span><span style="color: #DD0000">'dramio'</span><span style="color: #007700">, </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$cmd </span><span style="color: #007700">);<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">?></span> </span> </code></div> </div> <p class="para"> However, what if a malicious user passes in some JavaScript? </p> <div class="example-contents"> <div class="phpcode"><code><span style="color: #000000"> <span style="color: #0000BB"><?php<br />$m </span><span style="color: #007700">= new </span><span style="color: #0000BB">MongoDB</span><span style="color: #007700">\</span><span style="color: #0000BB">Driver</span><span style="color: #007700">\</span><span style="color: #0000BB">Manager</span><span style="color: #007700">;<br /><br /></span><span style="color: #FF8000">// Don't do this!!!<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">$username </span><span style="color: #007700">= </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$_GET</span><span style="color: #007700">[</span><span style="color: #DD0000">'field'</span><span style="color: #007700">]; <br /></span><span style="color: #FF8000">// $username is set to "'); db.users.drop(); print('"<br /><br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">$cmd </span><span style="color: #007700">= new \</span><span style="color: #0000BB">MongoDB</span><span style="color: #007700">\</span><span style="color: #0000BB">Driver</span><span style="color: #007700">\</span><span style="color: #0000BB">Command</span><span style="color: #007700">( [<br /> </span><span style="color: #DD0000">'eval' </span><span style="color: #007700">=> </span><span style="color: #DD0000">"print('Hello, </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$username</span><span style="color: #DD0000">!');"<br /></span><span style="color: #007700">] );<br /><br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">$r </span><span style="color: #007700">= </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$m</span><span style="color: #007700">-></span><span style="color: #0000BB">executeCommand</span><span style="color: #007700">( </span><span style="color: #DD0000">'dramio'</span><span style="color: #007700">, </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$cmd </span><span style="color: #007700">);<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">?></span> </span> </code></div> </div> <p class="para"> Now MongoDB executes the JavaScript string <em>"print('Hello, '); db.users.drop(); print('!');"</em>. This attack is easy to avoid: use <em>args</em> to pass variables from PHP to JavaScript: </p> <div class="example-contents"> <div class="phpcode"><code><span style="color: #000000"> <span style="color: #0000BB"><?php<br />$m </span><span style="color: #007700">= new </span><span style="color: #0000BB">MongoDB</span><span style="color: #007700">\</span><span style="color: #0000BB">Driver</span><span style="color: #007700">\</span><span style="color: #0000BB">Manager</span><span style="color: #007700">;<br /><br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">$_GET</span><span style="color: #007700">[</span><span style="color: #DD0000">'field'</span><span style="color: #007700">] = </span><span style="color: #DD0000">'derick'</span><span style="color: #007700">;<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">$args </span><span style="color: #007700">= [ </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$_GET</span><span style="color: #007700">[</span><span style="color: #DD0000">'field'</span><span style="color: #007700">] ];<br /><br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">$cmd </span><span style="color: #007700">= new \</span><span style="color: #0000BB">MongoDB</span><span style="color: #007700">\</span><span style="color: #0000BB">Driver</span><span style="color: #007700">\</span><span style="color: #0000BB">Command</span><span style="color: #007700">( [<br /> </span><span style="color: #DD0000">'eval' </span><span style="color: #007700">=> </span><span style="color: #DD0000">"function greet(username) { print('Hello, ' + username + '!'); }"</span><span style="color: #007700">,<br /> </span><span style="color: #DD0000">'args' </span><span style="color: #007700">=> </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$args</span><span style="color: #007700">,<br />] );<br /><br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">$r </span><span style="color: #007700">= </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$m</span><span style="color: #007700">-></span><span style="color: #0000BB">executeCommand</span><span style="color: #007700">( </span><span style="color: #DD0000">'dramio'</span><span style="color: #007700">, </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$cmd </span><span style="color: #007700">);<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">?></span> </span> </code></div> </div> <p class="para"> This adds an argument to the JavaScript scope, which gets used as argument for the <em>greet</em> function. Now if someone tries to send malicious code, MongoDB will harmlessly print <em>Hello, '); db.dropDatabase(); print('!</em>. </p> <p class="para"> Using arguments helps to prevent malicious input from being executed by the database. However, you must make sure that your code does not turn around and execute the input anyway! It is best to avoid executing <em class="emphasis">any</em> JavaScript on the server in the first place. </p> <p class="para"> You are strongly recommended to stay clear of the <a href="https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/operator/query/where/#considerations" class="link external">» $where clause</a> with queries, as it impacts performance significantly. Where possible, use either normal query operators, or the <a href="https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/core/aggregation-pipeline" class="link external">» Aggregation Framework</a>. </p> <p class="para"> As alternative to <a href="https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/core/map-reduce/" class="link external">» MapReduce</a>, which uses JavaScript, consider using the <a href="https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/core/aggregation-pipeline" class="link external">» Aggregation Framework</a>. Unlike Map/Reduce, it uses an idiomatic language to construct queries, without having to write, and use, the slower JavaScript approach that Map/Reduce requires. </p> <p class="para"> The <a href="https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/command/eval/" class="link external">» eval command</a> has been deprecated since MongoDB 3.0, and should also be avoided. </p> </div> <hr /><div class="manualnavbar" style="text-align: center;"> <div class="prev" style="text-align: left; float: left;"><a href="mongodb.security.request_injection.html">Request Injection Attacks</a></div> <div class="next" style="text-align: right; float: right;"><a href="book.mongodb.html">MongoDB\Driver</a></div> <div class="up"><a href="mongodb.security.html">Security</a></div> <div class="home"><a href="index.html">PHP Manual</a></div> </div></body></html>