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<div class="section" id="serving-bazaar-with-apache">
<h1>Serving Bazaar with Apache<a class="headerlink" href="#serving-bazaar-with-apache" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<p>This document describes one way to set up a Bazaar HTTP smart server,
using Apache 2.0 and FastCGI or mod_python or mod_wsgi.</p>
<p>For more information on the smart server, and other ways to configure it
see the main <a class="reference external" href="server.html">smart server documentation</a>.</p>
<div class="section" id="example">
<h2>Example<a class="headerlink" href="#example" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>You have a webserver already publishing <cite>/srv/example.com/www/code</cite> as
<cite>http://example.com/code/…</cite> with plain HTTP. It contains bzr branches and
directories like <cite>/srv/example.com/www/code/branch-one</cite> and
<cite>/srv/example.com/www/code/my-repo/branch-two</cite>. You want to provide read-only
smart server access to these directories in addition to the existing HTTP
access.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="configuring-apache-2-0">
<h2>Configuring Apache 2.0<a class="headerlink" href="#configuring-apache-2-0" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<div class="section" id="fastcgi">
<h3>FastCGI<a class="headerlink" href="#fastcgi" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<p>First, configure mod_fastcgi, e.g. by adding lines like these to your
httpd.conf:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">LoadModule</span> <span class="n">fastcgi_module</span> <span class="o">/</span><span class="n">usr</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">lib</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">apache2</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">modules</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">mod_fastcgi</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">so</span>
<span class="n">FastCgiIpcDir</span> <span class="o">/</span><span class="n">var</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">lib</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">apache2</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">fastcgi</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>In our example, we’re already serving <cite>/srv/example.com/www/code</cite> at
<cite>http://example.com/code</cite>, so our existing Apache configuration would look
like:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">Alias</span> <span class="o">/</span><span class="n">code</span> <span class="o">/</span><span class="n">srv</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">example</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">com</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">www</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">code</span>
<span class="o"><</span><span class="n">Directory</span> <span class="o">/</span><span class="n">srv</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">example</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">com</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">www</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">code</span><span class="o">></span>
<span class="n">Options</span> <span class="n">Indexes</span>
<span class="c1"># ...</span>
<span class="o"></</span><span class="n">Directory</span><span class="o">></span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>We need to change it to handle all requests for URLs ending in <cite>.bzr/smart</cite>. It
will look like:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>Alias /code /srv/example.com/www/code
<Directory /srv/example.com/www/code>
Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
RewriteEngine On
RewriteBase /code
RewriteRule ^(.*/)?\.bzr/smart$ /srv/example.com/scripts/bzr-smart.fcgi
</Directory>
# bzr-smart.fcgi isn't under the DocumentRoot, so Alias it into the URL
# namespace so it can be executed.
Alias /srv/example.com/scripts/bzr-smart.fcgi /srv/example.com/scripts/bzr-smart.fcgi
<Directory /srv/example.com/scripts>
Options ExecCGI
<Files bzr-smart.fcgi>
SetHandler fastcgi-script
</Files>
</Directory>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>This instructs Apache to hand requests for any URL ending with <cite>/.bzr/smart</cite>
inside <cite>/code</cite> to a Bazaar smart server via FastCGI.</p>
<p>Refer to the <a class="reference external" href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.0/mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a> and <a class="reference external" href="http://www.fastcgi.com/mod_fastcgi/docs/mod_fastcgi.html">mod_fastcgi</a> documentation for further
information.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="mod-python">
<h3>mod_python<a class="headerlink" href="#mod-python" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<p>First, configure mod_python, e.g. by adding lines like these to your
httpd.conf:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">LoadModule</span> <span class="n">python_module</span> <span class="o">/</span><span class="n">usr</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">lib</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">apache2</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">modules</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">mod_python</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">so</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Define the rewrite rules with mod_rewrite the same way as for FastCGI, except
change:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>RewriteRule ^(.*/)?\.bzr/smart$ /srv/example.com/scripts/bzr-smart.fcgi
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>to:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>RewriteRule ^(.*/)?\.bzr/smart$ /srv/example.com/scripts/bzr-smart.py
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Like with mod_fastcgi, we also define how our script is to be handled:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">Alias</span> <span class="o">/</span><span class="n">srv</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">example</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">com</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">scripts</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">bzr</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">smart</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">py</span> <span class="o">/</span><span class="n">srv</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">example</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">com</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">scripts</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">bzr</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">smart</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">py</span>
<span class="o"><</span><span class="n">Directory</span> <span class="o">/</span><span class="n">srv</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">example</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">com</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">scripts</span><span class="o">></span>
<span class="o"><</span><span class="n">Files</span> <span class="n">bzr</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">smart</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">py</span><span class="o">></span>
<span class="n">PythonPath</span> <span class="s2">"sys.path+['/srv/example.com/scripts']"</span>
<span class="n">AddHandler</span> <span class="n">python</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">program</span> <span class="o">.</span><span class="n">py</span>
<span class="n">PythonHandler</span> <span class="n">bzr</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">smart</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">handler</span>
<span class="o"></</span><span class="n">Files</span><span class="o">></span>
<span class="o"></</span><span class="n">Directory</span><span class="o">></span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>This instructs Apache to hand requests for any URL ending with <cite>/.bzr/smart</cite>
inside <cite>/code</cite> to a Bazaar smart server via mod_python.</p>
<p>NOTE: If you don’t have bzrlib in your PATH, you will be need to change the
following line:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">PythonPath</span> <span class="s2">"sys.path+['/srv/example.com/scripts']"</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>To:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">PythonPath</span> <span class="s2">"['/path/to/bzr']+sys.path+['/srv/example.com/scripts']"</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Refer to the <a class="reference external" href="http://www.modpython.org/">mod_python</a> documentation for further information.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="mod-wsgi">
<h3>mod_wsgi<a class="headerlink" href="#mod-wsgi" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<p>First, configure mod_wsgi, e.g. enabling the mod with a2enmod wsgi.
We need to change it to handle all requests for URLs ending in <cite>.bzr/smart</cite>. It
will look like:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>WSGIScriptAliasMatch ^/code/.*/\.bzr/smart$ /srv/example.com/scripts/bzr.wsgi
#The three next lines allow regular GETs to work too
RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !^/code/.*/\.bzr/smart$
RewriteRule ^/code/(.*/\.bzr/.*)$ /srv/example.com/www/code/$1 [L]
<Directory /srv/example.com/www/code>
WSGIApplicationGroup %{GLOBAL}
</Directory>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>This instructs Apache to hand requests for any URL ending with <cite>/.bzr/smart</cite>
inside <cite>/code</cite> to a Bazaar smart server via WSGI, and any other URL inside
<cite>/code</cite> to be served directly by Apache.</p>
<p>Refer to the <a class="reference external" href="http://code.google.com/p/modwsgi/">mod_wsgi</a> documentation for further information.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="configuring-bazaar">
<h2>Configuring Bazaar<a class="headerlink" href="#configuring-bazaar" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<div class="section" id="id3">
<h3>FastCGI<a class="headerlink" href="#id3" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<p>We’ve configured Apache to run the smart server at
<cite>/srv/example.com/scripts/bzr-smart.fcgi</cite>. This is just a simple script we need
to write to configure a smart server, and glue it to the FastCGI gateway.
Here’s what it looks like:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">fcgi</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">bzrlib.transport.http</span> <span class="k">import</span> <span class="n">wsgi</span>
<span class="n">smart_server_app</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">wsgi</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">make_app</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="n">root</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'/srv/example.com/www/code'</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">prefix</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'/code/'</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">path_var</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'REQUEST_URI'</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">readonly</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">load_plugins</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">enable_logging</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">fcgi</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">WSGIServer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">smart_server_app</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">run</span><span class="p">()</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The <cite>fcgi</cite> module can be found at <a class="reference external" href="http://svn.saddi.com/py-lib/trunk/fcgi.py">http://svn.saddi.com/py-lib/trunk/fcgi.py</a>. It
is part of <a class="reference external" href="http://www.saddi.com/software/flup/">flup</a>.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="id4">
<h3>mod_python<a class="headerlink" href="#id4" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<p>We’ve configured Apache to run the smart server at
<cite>/srv/example.com/scripts/bzr-smart.py</cite>. This is just a simple script we need
to write to configure a smart server, and glue it to the mod_python gateway.
Here’s what it looks like:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">modpywsgi</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">bzrlib.transport.http</span> <span class="k">import</span> <span class="n">wsgi</span>
<span class="n">smart_server_app</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">wsgi</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">make_app</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="n">root</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'/srv/example.com/www/code'</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">prefix</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'/code/'</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">path_var</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'REQUEST_URI'</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">readonly</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">load_plugins</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">enable_logging</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">handler</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">request</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sd">"""Handle a single request."""</span>
<span class="n">wsgi_server</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">modpywsgi</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">WSGIServer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">smart_server_app</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">wsgi_server</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">run</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">request</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The <cite>modpywsgi</cite> module can be found at
<a class="reference external" href="http://ice.usq.edu.au/svn/ice/trunk/apps/ice-server/modpywsgi.py">http://ice.usq.edu.au/svn/ice/trunk/apps/ice-server/modpywsgi.py</a>. It was
part of <a class="reference external" href="http://dev.pocoo.org/projects/pocoo/">pocoo</a>. You sould make sure you place modpywsgi.py in the same
directory as bzr-smart.py (ie. /srv/example.com/scripts/).</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="id5">
<h3>mod_wsgi<a class="headerlink" href="#id5" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<p>We’ve configured Apache to run the smart server at
<cite>/srv/example.com/scripts/bzr.wsgi</cite>. This is just a simple script we need
to write to configure a smart server, and glue it to the WSGI gateway.
Here’s what it looks like:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">bzrlib.transport.http</span> <span class="k">import</span> <span class="n">wsgi</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">application</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">environ</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">start_response</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">app</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">wsgi</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">make_app</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="n">root</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"/srv/example.com/www/code/"</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">prefix</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"/code"</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">readonly</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">enable_logging</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">app</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">environ</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">start_response</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="clients">
<h2>Clients<a class="headerlink" href="#clients" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Now you can use <cite>bzr+http://</cite> URLs or just <cite>http://</cite> URLs, e.g.:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">bzr</span> <span class="n">log</span> <span class="n">bzr</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="n">http</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">//</span><span class="n">example</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">com</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">code</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">my</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">branch</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Plain HTTP access should continue to work:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">bzr</span> <span class="n">log</span> <span class="n">http</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">//</span><span class="n">example</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">com</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">code</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">my</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">branch</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="advanced-configuration">
<h2>Advanced configuration<a class="headerlink" href="#advanced-configuration" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Because the Bazaar HTTP smart server is a WSGI application, it can be used with
any 3rd-party WSGI middleware or server that conforms the WSGI standard. The
only requirements are:</p>
<blockquote>
<div><ul class="simple">
<li>to construct a <cite>SmartWSGIApp</cite>, you need to specify a <strong>root transport</strong> that it
will serve.</li>
<li>each request’s <cite>environ</cite> dict must have a <strong>‘bzrlib.relpath’</strong> variable set.</li>
</ul>
</div></blockquote>
<p>The <cite>make_app</cite> helper used in the example constructs a <cite>SmartWSGIApp</cite> with a
transport based on the <cite>root</cite> path given to it, and calculates the
‘bzrlib.relpath` for each request based on the <cite>prefix</cite> and <cite>path_var</cite>
arguments. In the example above, it will take the ‘REQUEST_URI’ (which is set
by Apache), strip the ‘/code/’ prefix and the ‘/.bzr/smart’ suffix, and set that
as the ‘bzrlib.relpath’, so that a request for ‘/code/foo/bar/.bzr/smart’ will
result in a ‘bzrlib.relpath’ of ‘foo/bzr’.</p>
<p>It’s possible to configure a smart server for a non-local transport, or that
does arbitrary path translations, etc, by constructing a <cite>SmartWSGIApp</cite>
directly. Refer to the docstrings of <cite>bzrlib.transport.http.wsgi</cite> and the <a class="reference external" href="http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0333/">WSGI
standard</a> for further information.</p>
<div class="section" id="pushing-over-the-http-smart-server">
<h3>Pushing over the HTTP smart server<a class="headerlink" href="#pushing-over-the-http-smart-server" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<p>It is possible to allow pushing data over the HTTP smart server. The
easiest way to do this, is to just supply <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">readonly=False</span></code> to the
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">wsgi.make_app()</span></code> call. But be careful, because the smart protocol does
not contain any Authentication. So if you enable write support, you will
want to restrict access to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.bzr/smart</span></code> URLs to restrict who can
actually write data on your system, e.g. in apache it looks like:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">Location</span> <span class="o">/</span><span class="n">code</span><span class="o">></span>
<span class="n">AuthType</span> <span class="n">Basic</span>
<span class="n">AuthName</span> <span class="s2">"example"</span>
<span class="n">AuthUserFile</span> <span class="o">/</span><span class="n">srv</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">example</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">com</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">conf</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">auth</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">passwd</span>
<span class="o"><</span><span class="n">LimitExcept</span> <span class="n">GET</span><span class="o">></span>
<span class="n">Require</span> <span class="n">valid</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">user</span>
<span class="o"></</span><span class="n">LimitExcept</span><span class="o">></span>
<span class="o"></</span><span class="n">Location</span><span class="o">></span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>At this time, it is not possible to allow some people to have read-only
access and others to have read-write access to the same URLs. Because at
the HTTP layer (which is doing the Authenticating), everything is just a
POST request. However, it would certainly be possible to have HTTPS
require authentication and use a writable server, and plain HTTP allow
read-only access.</p>
<p>If bzr gives an error like this when accessing your HTTPS site:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">bzr</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">ERROR</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Connection</span> <span class="n">error</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">curl</span> <span class="n">connection</span> <span class="n">error</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">server</span> <span class="n">certificate</span> <span class="n">verification</span> <span class="n">failed</span><span class="o">.</span>
<span class="n">CAfile</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">etc</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">ssl</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">certs</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">ca</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">certificates</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">crt</span> <span class="n">CRLfile</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">none</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>You can workaround it by using <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">https+urllib</span></code> rather than <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">http</span></code> in your
URL, or by uninstalling pycurl. See <a class="reference external" href="https://bugs.launchpad.net/bzr/+bug/82086">bug 82086</a> for more details.</p>
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