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<div class="section" id="undoing-mistakes">
<h1>Undoing mistakes<a class="headerlink" href="#undoing-mistakes" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<div class="section" id="mistakes-happen">
<h2>Mistakes happen<a class="headerlink" href="#mistakes-happen" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Bazaar has been designed to make it easy to
recover from mistakes as explained below.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="dropping-the-revision-history-for-a-project">
<h2>Dropping the revision history for a project<a class="headerlink" href="#dropping-the-revision-history-for-a-project" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>If you accidentally put the wrong tree under version control, simply
delete the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.bzr</span></code> directory.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="deregistering-a-file-or-directory">
<h2>Deregistering a file or directory<a class="headerlink" href="#deregistering-a-file-or-directory" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>If you accidentally register a file using <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">add</span></code> that you
don’t want version controlled, you can use the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">remove</span></code>
command to tell Bazaar to forget about it.</p>
<p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">remove</span></code> has been designed to <em>Do the Safe Thing</em> in
that it will not delete a modified file. For example:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">bzr</span> <span class="n">add</span> <span class="n">foo</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">html</span>
<span class="p">(</span><span class="n">oops</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">didn</span><span class="s1">'t mean that)</span>
<span class="n">bzr</span> <span class="n">remove</span> <span class="n">foo</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">html</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>This will complain about the file being modified or unknown.
If you want to keep the file, use the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">--keep</span></code> option.
Alternatively, if you want to delete the file, use the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">--force</span></code> option.
For example:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">bzr</span> <span class="n">add</span> <span class="n">foo</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">html</span>
<span class="p">(</span><span class="n">oops</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">didn</span><span class="s1">'t mean that)</span>
<span class="n">bzr</span> <span class="n">remove</span> <span class="o">--</span><span class="n">keep</span> <span class="n">foo</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">html</span>
<span class="p">(</span><span class="n">foo</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">html</span> <span class="n">left</span> <span class="n">on</span> <span class="n">disk</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">but</span> <span class="n">deregistered</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>On the other hand, the unchanged <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TODO</span></code> file is deregistered and
removed from disk without complaint in this example:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">bzr</span> <span class="n">add</span> <span class="n">TODO</span>
<span class="n">bzr</span> <span class="n">commit</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="n">m</span> <span class="s2">"added TODO"</span>
<span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hack</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">hack</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">hack</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">but</span> <span class="n">don</span><span class="s1">'t change TODO)</span>
<span class="n">bzr</span> <span class="n">remove</span> <span class="n">TODO</span>
<span class="p">(</span><span class="n">TODO</span> <span class="n">file</span> <span class="n">deleted</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Note: If you delete a file using your file manager, IDE or via an operating
system command, the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">commit</span></code> command will implicitly treat it as removed.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="undoing-changes-since-the-last-commit">
<h2>Undoing changes since the last commit<a class="headerlink" href="#undoing-changes-since-the-last-commit" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>One of the reasons for using a version control tool is that it
lets you easily checkpoint good tree states while working. If you
decide that the changes you have made since the last <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">commit</span></code> ought
to be thrown away, the command to use is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">revert</span></code> like this:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">bzr</span> <span class="n">revert</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>As a precaution, it is good practice to use <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bzr</span> <span class="pre">status</span></code> and
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bzr</span> <span class="pre">diff</span></code> first to check that everything being thrown away
really ought to be.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="undoing-changes-to-a-file-since-the-last-commit">
<h2>Undoing changes to a file since the last commit<a class="headerlink" href="#undoing-changes-to-a-file-since-the-last-commit" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>If you want to undo changes to a particular file since the last commit but
keep all the other changes in the tree, pass the filename as an argument
to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">revert</span></code> like this:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">bzr</span> <span class="n">revert</span> <span class="n">foo</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">py</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="undoing-the-last-commit">
<h2>Undoing the last commit<a class="headerlink" href="#undoing-the-last-commit" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>If you make a commit and really didn’t mean to, use the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">uncommit</span></code> command
to undo it like this:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">bzr</span> <span class="n">uncommit</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Unlike <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">revert</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">uncommit</span></code> leaves the content of your working tree
exactly as it is. That’s really handy if you make a commit and accidently
provide the wrong error message. For example:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">bzr</span> <span class="n">commit</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="n">m</span> <span class="s2">"Fix bug #11"</span>
<span class="p">(</span><span class="n">damn</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">wrong</span> <span class="n">bug</span> <span class="n">number</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">bzr</span> <span class="n">uncommit</span>
<span class="n">bzr</span> <span class="n">commit</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="n">m</span> <span class="s2">"Fix bug #1"</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Another common reason for undoing a commit is because you forgot to add
one or more files. Some users like to alias <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">commit</span></code> to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">commit</span> <span class="pre">--strict</span></code>
so that commits fail if unknown files are found in the tree.</p>
<p>Tags for uncommitted revisions are removed from the branch unless
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">--keep-tags</span></code> was specified.</p>
<p>Note: While the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">merge</span></code> command is not introduced until the next
chapter, it is worth noting now that <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">uncommit</span></code> restores any pending
merges. (Running <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bzr</span> <span class="pre">status</span></code> after <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">uncommit</span></code> will show these.)
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">merge</span></code> can also be used to effectively undo just a selected commit
earlier in history. For more information on <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">merge</span></code>, see
<a class="reference external" href="merging_changes.html">Merging changes</a> in the next chapter and the
Bazaar User Reference.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="undoing-multiple-commits">
<h2>Undoing multiple commits<a class="headerlink" href="#undoing-multiple-commits" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>You can use the -r option to undo several commits like this:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">bzr</span> <span class="n">uncommit</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="n">r</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">3</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>If your reason for doing this is that you really want to
back out several changes, then be sure to remember that <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">uncommit</span></code>
does not change your working tree: you’ll probably need to run the
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">revert</span></code> command as well to complete the task. In many cases though,
it’s arguably better to leave your history alone and add a new
revision reflecting the content of the last good state.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="reverting-to-the-state-of-an-earlier-version">
<h2>Reverting to the state of an earlier version<a class="headerlink" href="#reverting-to-the-state-of-an-earlier-version" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>If you make an unwanted change but it doesn’t make sense to uncommit
it (because that code has been released to users say), you can use
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">revert</span></code> to take your working tree back to the desired state.
For example:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="o">%</span> <span class="n">bzr</span> <span class="n">commit</span> <span class="s2">"Fix bug #5"</span>
<span class="n">Committed</span> <span class="n">revision</span> <span class="mf">20.</span>
<span class="p">(</span><span class="n">release</span> <span class="n">the</span> <span class="n">code</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hmm</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">bad</span> <span class="n">fix</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">bzr</span> <span class="n">revert</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="n">r</span> <span class="mi">19</span>
<span class="n">bzr</span> <span class="n">commit</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="n">m</span> <span class="s2">"Backout fix for bug #5"</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>This will change your entire tree back to the state as of revision 19,
which is probably only what you want if you haven’t made any new commits
since then. If you have, the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">revert</span></code> would wipe them out as well. In that
case, you probably want to use <a class="reference external" href="adv_merging.html#reverse-cherrypicking">Reverse cherrypicking</a> instead to
back out the bad fix.</p>
<p>Note: As an alternative to using an absolute revision number (like 19), you can
specify one relative to the tip (-1) using a negative number like this:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">bzr</span> <span class="n">revert</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="n">r</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">2</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="correcting-a-tag">
<h2>Correcting a tag<a class="headerlink" href="#correcting-a-tag" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>If you have defined a tag prematurely, use the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">--force</span></code> option of
the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tag</span></code> command to redefine it. For example:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">bzr</span> <span class="n">tag</span> <span class="mf">2.0</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">beta</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="p">(</span><span class="n">oops</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">we</span><span class="s1">'re not yet ready for that)</span>
<span class="p">(</span><span class="n">make</span> <span class="n">more</span> <span class="n">commits</span> <span class="n">to</span> <span class="n">include</span> <span class="n">more</span> <span class="n">fixes</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">bzr</span> <span class="n">tag</span> <span class="mf">2.0</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">beta</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span> <span class="o">--</span><span class="n">force</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="clearing-a-tag">
<h2>Clearing a tag<a class="headerlink" href="#clearing-a-tag" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>If you have defined a tag and no longer want it defined, use the
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">--delete</span></code> option of the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tag</span></code> command to remove it. For example:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">bzr</span> <span class="n">tag</span> <span class="mf">2.0</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">beta</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">4</span>
<span class="p">(</span><span class="n">oops</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">we</span><span class="s1">'re not releasing a 4th beta)</span>
<span class="n">bzr</span> <span class="n">tag</span> <span class="mf">2.0</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">beta</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">4</span> <span class="o">--</span><span class="n">delete</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
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<h3><a href="../index.html">Table of Contents</a></h3>
<ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">Undoing mistakes</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#mistakes-happen">Mistakes happen</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#dropping-the-revision-history-for-a-project">Dropping the revision history for a project</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#deregistering-a-file-or-directory">Deregistering a file or directory</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#undoing-changes-since-the-last-commit">Undoing changes since the last commit</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#undoing-changes-to-a-file-since-the-last-commit">Undoing changes to a file since the last commit</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#undoing-the-last-commit">Undoing the last commit</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#undoing-multiple-commits">Undoing multiple commits</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#reverting-to-the-state-of-an-earlier-version">Reverting to the state of an earlier version</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#correcting-a-tag">Correcting a tag</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#clearing-a-tag">Clearing a tag</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h4>Previous topic</h4>
<p class="topless"><a href="releasing_a_project.html"
title="previous chapter">Releasing a project</a></p>
<h4>Next topic</h4>
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title="next chapter">Working with another</a></p>
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