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<p class="section-title">STDLIB</p>
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<p class="section-version">Version 3.7</p>
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<h3>Table of Contents</h3>
<ul class="flipMenu">
<li title="STDLIB (App)"><a href="STDLIB_app.html">STDLIB (App)
</a></li>
<li id="no" title="array " expanded="false">array<ul>
<li><a href="array.html">
Top of manual page
</a></li>
<li title="default-1"><a href="array.html#default-1">default/1</a></li>
<li title="fix-1"><a href="array.html#fix-1">fix/1</a></li>
<li title="foldl-3"><a href="array.html#foldl-3">foldl/3</a></li>
<li title="foldr-3"><a href="array.html#foldr-3">foldr/3</a></li>
<li title="from_list-1"><a href="array.html#from_list-1">from_list/1</a></li>
<li title="from_list-2"><a href="array.html#from_list-2">from_list/2</a></li>
<li title="from_orddict-1"><a href="array.html#from_orddict-1">from_orddict/1</a></li>
<li title="from_orddict-2"><a href="array.html#from_orddict-2">from_orddict/2</a></li>
<li title="get-2"><a href="array.html#get-2">get/2</a></li>
<li title="is_array-1"><a href="array.html#is_array-1">is_array/1</a></li>
<li title="is_fix-1"><a href="array.html#is_fix-1">is_fix/1</a></li>
<li title="map-2"><a href="array.html#map-2">map/2</a></li>
<li title="new-0"><a href="array.html#new-0">new/0</a></li>
<li title="new-1"><a href="array.html#new-1">new/1</a></li>
<li title="new-2"><a href="array.html#new-2">new/2</a></li>
<li title="relax-1"><a href="array.html#relax-1">relax/1</a></li>
<li title="reset-2"><a href="array.html#reset-2">reset/2</a></li>
<li title="resize-1"><a href="array.html#resize-1">resize/1</a></li>
<li title="resize-2"><a href="array.html#resize-2">resize/2</a></li>
<li title="set-3"><a href="array.html#set-3">set/3</a></li>
<li title="size-1"><a href="array.html#size-1">size/1</a></li>
<li title="sparse_foldl-3"><a href="array.html#sparse_foldl-3">sparse_foldl/3</a></li>
<li title="sparse_foldr-3"><a href="array.html#sparse_foldr-3">sparse_foldr/3</a></li>
<li title="sparse_map-2"><a href="array.html#sparse_map-2">sparse_map/2</a></li>
<li title="sparse_size-1"><a href="array.html#sparse_size-1">sparse_size/1</a></li>
<li title="sparse_to_list-1"><a href="array.html#sparse_to_list-1">sparse_to_list/1</a></li>
<li title="sparse_to_orddict-1"><a href="array.html#sparse_to_orddict-1">sparse_to_orddict/1</a></li>
<li title="to_list-1"><a href="array.html#to_list-1">to_list/1</a></li>
<li title="to_orddict-1"><a href="array.html#to_orddict-1">to_orddict/1</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li title="assert.hrl"><a href="assert.hrl.html">assert.hrl</a></li>
<li id="no" title="base64 " expanded="false">base64<ul>
<li><a href="base64.html">
Top of manual page
</a></li>
<li title="decode-1"><a href="base64.html#decode-1">decode/1</a></li>
<li title="decode_to_string-1"><a href="base64.html#decode_to_string-1">decode_to_string/1</a></li>
<li title="encode-1"><a href="base64.html#encode-1">encode/1</a></li>
<li title="encode_to_string-1"><a href="base64.html#encode_to_string-1">encode_to_string/1</a></li>
<li title="mime_decode-1"><a href="base64.html#mime_decode-1">mime_decode/1</a></li>
<li title="mime_decode_to_string-1"><a href="base64.html#mime_decode_to_string-1">mime_decode_to_string/1</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="no" title="beam_lib " expanded="false">beam_lib<ul>
<li><a href="beam_lib.html">
Top of manual page
</a></li>
<li title="all_chunks-1"><a href="beam_lib.html#all_chunks-1">all_chunks/1</a></li>
<li title="build_module-1"><a href="beam_lib.html#build_module-1">build_module/1</a></li>
<li title="chunks-2"><a href="beam_lib.html#chunks-2">chunks/2</a></li>
<li title="chunks-3"><a href="beam_lib.html#chunks-3">chunks/3</a></li>
<li title="clear_crypto_key_fun-0"><a href="beam_lib.html#clear_crypto_key_fun-0">clear_crypto_key_fun/0</a></li>
<li title="cmp-2"><a href="beam_lib.html#cmp-2">cmp/2</a></li>
<li title="cmp_dirs-2"><a href="beam_lib.html#cmp_dirs-2">cmp_dirs/2</a></li>
<li title="crypto_key_fun-1"><a href="beam_lib.html#crypto_key_fun-1">crypto_key_fun/1</a></li>
<li title="diff_dirs-2"><a href="beam_lib.html#diff_dirs-2">diff_dirs/2</a></li>
<li title="format_error-1"><a href="beam_lib.html#format_error-1">format_error/1</a></li>
<li title="info-1"><a href="beam_lib.html#info-1">info/1</a></li>
<li title="md5-1"><a href="beam_lib.html#md5-1">md5/1</a></li>
<li title="strip-1"><a href="beam_lib.html#strip-1">strip/1</a></li>
<li title="strip_files-1"><a href="beam_lib.html#strip_files-1">strip_files/1</a></li>
<li title="strip_release-1"><a href="beam_lib.html#strip_release-1">strip_release/1</a></li>
<li title="version-1"><a href="beam_lib.html#version-1">version/1</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="no" title="binary " expanded="false">binary<ul>
<li><a href="binary.html">
Top of manual page
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<li title="at-2"><a href="binary.html#at-2">at/2</a></li>
<li title="bin_to_list-1"><a href="binary.html#bin_to_list-1">bin_to_list/1</a></li>
<li title="bin_to_list-2"><a href="binary.html#bin_to_list-2">bin_to_list/2</a></li>
<li title="bin_to_list-3"><a href="binary.html#bin_to_list-3">bin_to_list/3</a></li>
<li title="compile_pattern-1"><a href="binary.html#compile_pattern-1">compile_pattern/1</a></li>
<li title="copy-1"><a href="binary.html#copy-1">copy/1</a></li>
<li title="copy-2"><a href="binary.html#copy-2">copy/2</a></li>
<li title="decode_unsigned-1"><a href="binary.html#decode_unsigned-1">decode_unsigned/1</a></li>
<li title="decode_unsigned-2"><a href="binary.html#decode_unsigned-2">decode_unsigned/2</a></li>
<li title="encode_unsigned-1"><a href="binary.html#encode_unsigned-1">encode_unsigned/1</a></li>
<li title="encode_unsigned-2"><a href="binary.html#encode_unsigned-2">encode_unsigned/2</a></li>
<li title="first-1"><a href="binary.html#first-1">first/1</a></li>
<li title="last-1"><a href="binary.html#last-1">last/1</a></li>
<li title="list_to_bin-1"><a href="binary.html#list_to_bin-1">list_to_bin/1</a></li>
<li title="longest_common_prefix-1"><a href="binary.html#longest_common_prefix-1">longest_common_prefix/1</a></li>
<li title="longest_common_suffix-1"><a href="binary.html#longest_common_suffix-1">longest_common_suffix/1</a></li>
<li title="match-2"><a href="binary.html#match-2">match/2</a></li>
<li title="match-3"><a href="binary.html#match-3">match/3</a></li>
<li title="matches-2"><a href="binary.html#matches-2">matches/2</a></li>
<li title="matches-3"><a href="binary.html#matches-3">matches/3</a></li>
<li title="part-2"><a href="binary.html#part-2">part/2</a></li>
<li title="part-3"><a href="binary.html#part-3">part/3</a></li>
<li title="referenced_byte_size-1"><a href="binary.html#referenced_byte_size-1">referenced_byte_size/1</a></li>
<li title="replace-3"><a href="binary.html#replace-3">replace/3</a></li>
<li title="replace-4"><a href="binary.html#replace-4">replace/4</a></li>
<li title="split-2"><a href="binary.html#split-2">split/2</a></li>
<li title="split-3"><a href="binary.html#split-3">split/3</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="no" title="c " expanded="false">c<ul>
<li><a href="c.html">
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<li title="bt-1"><a href="c.html#bt-1">bt/1</a></li>
<li title="c-1"><a href="c.html#c-1">c/1</a></li>
<li title="c-2"><a href="c.html#c-2">c/2</a></li>
<li title="c-3"><a href="c.html#c-3">c/3</a></li>
<li title="cd-1"><a href="c.html#cd-1">cd/1</a></li>
<li title="erlangrc-1"><a href="c.html#erlangrc-1">erlangrc/1</a></li>
<li title="flush-0"><a href="c.html#flush-0">flush/0</a></li>
<li title="help-0"><a href="c.html#help-0">help/0</a></li>
<li title="i-0"><a href="c.html#i-0">i/0</a></li>
<li title="i-3"><a href="c.html#i-3">i/3</a></li>
<li title="l-1"><a href="c.html#l-1">l/1</a></li>
<li title="lc-1"><a href="c.html#lc-1">lc/1</a></li>
<li title="lm-0"><a href="c.html#lm-0">lm/0</a></li>
<li title="ls-0"><a href="c.html#ls-0">ls/0</a></li>
<li title="ls-1"><a href="c.html#ls-1">ls/1</a></li>
<li title="m-0"><a href="c.html#m-0">m/0</a></li>
<li title="m-1"><a href="c.html#m-1">m/1</a></li>
<li title="memory-0"><a href="c.html#memory-0">memory/0</a></li>
<li title="memory-1"><a href="c.html#memory-1">memory/1</a></li>
<li title="mm-0"><a href="c.html#mm-0">mm/0</a></li>
<li title="nc-1"><a href="c.html#nc-1">nc/1</a></li>
<li title="nc-2"><a href="c.html#nc-2">nc/2</a></li>
<li title="ni-0"><a href="c.html#ni-0">ni/0</a></li>
<li title="nl-1"><a href="c.html#nl-1">nl/1</a></li>
<li title="nregs-0"><a href="c.html#nregs-0">nregs/0</a></li>
<li title="pid-3"><a href="c.html#pid-3">pid/3</a></li>
<li title="pwd-0"><a href="c.html#pwd-0">pwd/0</a></li>
<li title="q-0"><a href="c.html#q-0">q/0</a></li>
<li title="regs-0"><a href="c.html#regs-0">regs/0</a></li>
<li title="uptime-0"><a href="c.html#uptime-0">uptime/0</a></li>
<li title="xm-1"><a href="c.html#xm-1">xm/1</a></li>
<li title="y-1"><a href="c.html#y-1">y/1</a></li>
<li title="y-2"><a href="c.html#y-2">y/2</a></li>
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<li id="no" title="calendar " expanded="false">calendar<ul>
<li><a href="calendar.html">
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<li title="date_to_gregorian_days-1"><a href="calendar.html#date_to_gregorian_days-1">date_to_gregorian_days/1</a></li>
<li title="date_to_gregorian_days-3"><a href="calendar.html#date_to_gregorian_days-3">date_to_gregorian_days/3</a></li>
<li title="datetime_to_gregorian_seconds-1"><a href="calendar.html#datetime_to_gregorian_seconds-1">datetime_to_gregorian_seconds/1</a></li>
<li title="day_of_the_week-1"><a href="calendar.html#day_of_the_week-1">day_of_the_week/1</a></li>
<li title="day_of_the_week-3"><a href="calendar.html#day_of_the_week-3">day_of_the_week/3</a></li>
<li title="gregorian_days_to_date-1"><a href="calendar.html#gregorian_days_to_date-1">gregorian_days_to_date/1</a></li>
<li title="gregorian_seconds_to_datetime-1"><a href="calendar.html#gregorian_seconds_to_datetime-1">gregorian_seconds_to_datetime/1</a></li>
<li title="is_leap_year-1"><a href="calendar.html#is_leap_year-1">is_leap_year/1</a></li>
<li title="iso_week_number-0"><a href="calendar.html#iso_week_number-0">iso_week_number/0</a></li>
<li title="iso_week_number-1"><a href="calendar.html#iso_week_number-1">iso_week_number/1</a></li>
<li title="last_day_of_the_month-2"><a href="calendar.html#last_day_of_the_month-2">last_day_of_the_month/2</a></li>
<li title="local_time-0"><a href="calendar.html#local_time-0">local_time/0</a></li>
<li title="local_time_to_universal_time-1"><a href="calendar.html#local_time_to_universal_time-1">local_time_to_universal_time/1</a></li>
<li title="local_time_to_universal_time_dst-1"><a href="calendar.html#local_time_to_universal_time_dst-1">local_time_to_universal_time_dst/1</a></li>
<li title="now_to_datetime-1"><a href="calendar.html#now_to_datetime-1">now_to_datetime/1</a></li>
<li title="now_to_local_time-1"><a href="calendar.html#now_to_local_time-1">now_to_local_time/1</a></li>
<li title="now_to_universal_time-1"><a href="calendar.html#now_to_universal_time-1">now_to_universal_time/1</a></li>
<li title="rfc3339_to_system_time-1"><a href="calendar.html#rfc3339_to_system_time-1">rfc3339_to_system_time/1</a></li>
<li title="rfc3339_to_system_time-2"><a href="calendar.html#rfc3339_to_system_time-2">rfc3339_to_system_time/2</a></li>
<li title="seconds_to_daystime-1"><a href="calendar.html#seconds_to_daystime-1">seconds_to_daystime/1</a></li>
<li title="seconds_to_time-1"><a href="calendar.html#seconds_to_time-1">seconds_to_time/1</a></li>
<li title="system_time_to_local_time-2"><a href="calendar.html#system_time_to_local_time-2">system_time_to_local_time/2</a></li>
<li title="system_time_to_rfc3339-1"><a href="calendar.html#system_time_to_rfc3339-1">system_time_to_rfc3339/1</a></li>
<li title="system_time_to_rfc3339-2"><a href="calendar.html#system_time_to_rfc3339-2">system_time_to_rfc3339/2</a></li>
<li title="system_time_to_universal_time-2"><a href="calendar.html#system_time_to_universal_time-2">system_time_to_universal_time/2</a></li>
<li title="time_difference-2"><a href="calendar.html#time_difference-2">time_difference/2</a></li>
<li title="time_to_seconds-1"><a href="calendar.html#time_to_seconds-1">time_to_seconds/1</a></li>
<li title="universal_time-0"><a href="calendar.html#universal_time-0">universal_time/0</a></li>
<li title="universal_time_to_local_time-1"><a href="calendar.html#universal_time_to_local_time-1">universal_time_to_local_time/1</a></li>
<li title="valid_date-1"><a href="calendar.html#valid_date-1">valid_date/1</a></li>
<li title="valid_date-3"><a href="calendar.html#valid_date-3">valid_date/3</a></li>
</ul>
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<li id="no" title="dets " expanded="false">dets<ul>
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<li title="all-0"><a href="dets.html#all-0">all/0</a></li>
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<li title="close-1"><a href="dets.html#close-1">close/1</a></li>
<li title="delete-2"><a href="dets.html#delete-2">delete/2</a></li>
<li title="delete_all_objects-1"><a href="dets.html#delete_all_objects-1">delete_all_objects/1</a></li>
<li title="delete_object-2"><a href="dets.html#delete_object-2">delete_object/2</a></li>
<li title="first-1"><a href="dets.html#first-1">first/1</a></li>
<li title="foldl-3"><a href="dets.html#foldl-3">foldl/3</a></li>
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<li title="from_ets-2"><a href="dets.html#from_ets-2">from_ets/2</a></li>
<li title="info-1"><a href="dets.html#info-1">info/1</a></li>
<li title="info-2"><a href="dets.html#info-2">info/2</a></li>
<li title="init_table-2"><a href="dets.html#init_table-2">init_table/2</a></li>
<li title="init_table-3"><a href="dets.html#init_table-3">init_table/3</a></li>
<li title="insert-2"><a href="dets.html#insert-2">insert/2</a></li>
<li title="insert_new-2"><a href="dets.html#insert_new-2">insert_new/2</a></li>
<li title="is_compatible_bchunk_format-2"><a href="dets.html#is_compatible_bchunk_format-2">is_compatible_bchunk_format/2</a></li>
<li title="is_dets_file-1"><a href="dets.html#is_dets_file-1">is_dets_file/1</a></li>
<li title="lookup-2"><a href="dets.html#lookup-2">lookup/2</a></li>
<li title="match-1"><a href="dets.html#match-1">match/1</a></li>
<li title="match-2"><a href="dets.html#match-2">match/2</a></li>
<li title="match-3"><a href="dets.html#match-3">match/3</a></li>
<li title="match_delete-2"><a href="dets.html#match_delete-2">match_delete/2</a></li>
<li title="match_object-1"><a href="dets.html#match_object-1">match_object/1</a></li>
<li title="match_object-2"><a href="dets.html#match_object-2">match_object/2</a></li>
<li title="match_object-3"><a href="dets.html#match_object-3">match_object/3</a></li>
<li title="member-2"><a href="dets.html#member-2">member/2</a></li>
<li title="next-2"><a href="dets.html#next-2">next/2</a></li>
<li title="open_file-1"><a href="dets.html#open_file-1">open_file/1</a></li>
<li title="open_file-2"><a href="dets.html#open_file-2">open_file/2</a></li>
<li title="pid2name-1"><a href="dets.html#pid2name-1">pid2name/1</a></li>
<li title="repair_continuation-2"><a href="dets.html#repair_continuation-2">repair_continuation/2</a></li>
<li title="safe_fixtable-2"><a href="dets.html#safe_fixtable-2">safe_fixtable/2</a></li>
<li title="select-1"><a href="dets.html#select-1">select/1</a></li>
<li title="select-2"><a href="dets.html#select-2">select/2</a></li>
<li title="select-3"><a href="dets.html#select-3">select/3</a></li>
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<li title="sync-1"><a href="dets.html#sync-1">sync/1</a></li>
<li title="table-1"><a href="dets.html#table-1">table/1</a></li>
<li title="table-2"><a href="dets.html#table-2">table/2</a></li>
<li title="to_ets-2"><a href="dets.html#to_ets-2">to_ets/2</a></li>
<li title="traverse-2"><a href="dets.html#traverse-2">traverse/2</a></li>
<li title="update_counter-3"><a href="dets.html#update_counter-3">update_counter/3</a></li>
</ul>
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<li id="no" title="dict " expanded="false">dict<ul>
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<li title="append-3"><a href="dict.html#append-3">append/3</a></li>
<li title="append_list-3"><a href="dict.html#append_list-3">append_list/3</a></li>
<li title="erase-2"><a href="dict.html#erase-2">erase/2</a></li>
<li title="fetch-2"><a href="dict.html#fetch-2">fetch/2</a></li>
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</ul>
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<li id="no" title="gb_sets " expanded="false">gb_sets<ul>
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<li title="from_list-1"><a href="gb_sets.html#from_list-1">from_list/1</a></li>
<li title="from_ordset-1"><a href="gb_sets.html#from_ordset-1">from_ordset/1</a></li>
<li title="insert-2"><a href="gb_sets.html#insert-2">insert/2</a></li>
<li title="intersection-1"><a href="gb_sets.html#intersection-1">intersection/1</a></li>
<li title="intersection-2"><a href="gb_sets.html#intersection-2">intersection/2</a></li>
<li title="is_disjoint-2"><a href="gb_sets.html#is_disjoint-2">is_disjoint/2</a></li>
<li title="is_element-2"><a href="gb_sets.html#is_element-2">is_element/2</a></li>
<li title="is_empty-1"><a href="gb_sets.html#is_empty-1">is_empty/1</a></li>
<li title="is_member-2"><a href="gb_sets.html#is_member-2">is_member/2</a></li>
<li title="is_set-1"><a href="gb_sets.html#is_set-1">is_set/1</a></li>
<li title="is_subset-2"><a href="gb_sets.html#is_subset-2">is_subset/2</a></li>
<li title="iterator-1"><a href="gb_sets.html#iterator-1">iterator/1</a></li>
<li title="iterator_from-2"><a href="gb_sets.html#iterator_from-2">iterator_from/2</a></li>
<li title="largest-1"><a href="gb_sets.html#largest-1">largest/1</a></li>
<li title="new-0"><a href="gb_sets.html#new-0">new/0</a></li>
<li title="next-1"><a href="gb_sets.html#next-1">next/1</a></li>
<li title="singleton-1"><a href="gb_sets.html#singleton-1">singleton/1</a></li>
<li title="size-1"><a href="gb_sets.html#size-1">size/1</a></li>
<li title="smallest-1"><a href="gb_sets.html#smallest-1">smallest/1</a></li>
<li title="subtract-2"><a href="gb_sets.html#subtract-2">subtract/2</a></li>
<li title="take_largest-1"><a href="gb_sets.html#take_largest-1">take_largest/1</a></li>
<li title="take_smallest-1"><a href="gb_sets.html#take_smallest-1">take_smallest/1</a></li>
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</ul>
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<li id="no" title="gb_trees " expanded="false">gb_trees<ul>
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<li title="balance-1"><a href="gb_trees.html#balance-1">balance/1</a></li>
<li title="delete-2"><a href="gb_trees.html#delete-2">delete/2</a></li>
<li title="delete_any-2"><a href="gb_trees.html#delete_any-2">delete_any/2</a></li>
<li title="empty-0"><a href="gb_trees.html#empty-0">empty/0</a></li>
<li title="enter-3"><a href="gb_trees.html#enter-3">enter/3</a></li>
<li title="from_orddict-1"><a href="gb_trees.html#from_orddict-1">from_orddict/1</a></li>
<li title="get-2"><a href="gb_trees.html#get-2">get/2</a></li>
<li title="insert-3"><a href="gb_trees.html#insert-3">insert/3</a></li>
<li title="is_defined-2"><a href="gb_trees.html#is_defined-2">is_defined/2</a></li>
<li title="is_empty-1"><a href="gb_trees.html#is_empty-1">is_empty/1</a></li>
<li title="iterator-1"><a href="gb_trees.html#iterator-1">iterator/1</a></li>
<li title="iterator_from-2"><a href="gb_trees.html#iterator_from-2">iterator_from/2</a></li>
<li title="keys-1"><a href="gb_trees.html#keys-1">keys/1</a></li>
<li title="largest-1"><a href="gb_trees.html#largest-1">largest/1</a></li>
<li title="lookup-2"><a href="gb_trees.html#lookup-2">lookup/2</a></li>
<li title="map-2"><a href="gb_trees.html#map-2">map/2</a></li>
<li title="next-1"><a href="gb_trees.html#next-1">next/1</a></li>
<li title="size-1"><a href="gb_trees.html#size-1">size/1</a></li>
<li title="smallest-1"><a href="gb_trees.html#smallest-1">smallest/1</a></li>
<li title="take-2"><a href="gb_trees.html#take-2">take/2</a></li>
<li title="take_any-2"><a href="gb_trees.html#take_any-2">take_any/2</a></li>
<li title="take_largest-1"><a href="gb_trees.html#take_largest-1">take_largest/1</a></li>
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<li title="update-3"><a href="gb_trees.html#update-3">update/3</a></li>
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</ul>
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<li id="no" title="gen_event " expanded="false">gen_event<ul>
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<li title="start-1"><a href="gen_event.html#start-1">start/1</a></li>
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</ul>
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<li id="no" title="gen_server " expanded="false">gen_server<ul>
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<li title="abcast-2"><a href="gen_server.html#abcast-2">abcast/2</a></li>
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<li title="call-2"><a href="gen_server.html#call-2">call/2</a></li>
<li title="call-3"><a href="gen_server.html#call-3">call/3</a></li>
<li title="cast-2"><a href="gen_server.html#cast-2">cast/2</a></li>
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<li title="start-3"><a href="gen_server.html#start-3">start/3</a></li>
<li title="start-4"><a href="gen_server.html#start-4">start/4</a></li>
<li title="start_link-3"><a href="gen_server.html#start_link-3">start_link/3</a></li>
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<li title="Module:code_change-3"><a href="gen_server.html#Module:code_change-3">Module:code_change/3</a></li>
<li title="Module:format_status-2"><a href="gen_server.html#Module:format_status-2">Module:format_status/2</a></li>
<li title="Module:handle_call-3"><a href="gen_server.html#Module:handle_call-3">Module:handle_call/3</a></li>
<li title="Module:handle_cast-2"><a href="gen_server.html#Module:handle_cast-2">Module:handle_cast/2</a></li>
<li title="Module:handle_continue-2"><a href="gen_server.html#Module:handle_continue-2">Module:handle_continue/2</a></li>
<li title="Module:handle_info-2"><a href="gen_server.html#Module:handle_info-2">Module:handle_info/2</a></li>
<li title="Module:init-1"><a href="gen_server.html#Module:init-1">Module:init/1</a></li>
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</ul>
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<li id="no" title="gen_statem " expanded="false">gen_statem<ul>
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<li title="call-2"><a href="gen_statem.html#call-2">call/2</a></li>
<li title="call-3"><a href="gen_statem.html#call-3">call/3</a></li>
<li title="cast-2"><a href="gen_statem.html#cast-2">cast/2</a></li>
<li title="enter_loop-4"><a href="gen_statem.html#enter_loop-4">enter_loop/4</a></li>
<li title="enter_loop-5"><a href="gen_statem.html#enter_loop-5">enter_loop/5</a></li>
<li title="enter_loop-6"><a href="gen_statem.html#enter_loop-6">enter_loop/6</a></li>
<li title="reply-1"><a href="gen_statem.html#reply-1">reply/1</a></li>
<li title="reply-2"><a href="gen_statem.html#reply-2">reply/2</a></li>
<li title="start-3"><a href="gen_statem.html#start-3">start/3</a></li>
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<li title="Module:StateName-3"><a href="gen_statem.html#Module:StateName-3">Module:StateName/3</a></li>
<li title="Module:StateName-3"><a href="gen_statem.html#Module:StateName-3">Module:StateName/3</a></li>
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<div class="innertube">
<!-- refpage --><center><h1>string</h1></center>
<h3><span onMouseOver="document.getElementById('ghlink-module-idm281471860196952').style.visibility = 'visible';" onMouseOut="document.getElementById('ghlink-module-idm281471860196952').style.visibility = 'hidden';"><span id="ghlink-module-idm281471860196952"></span><a class="title_link" name="module" href="#module">Module</a></span></h3>
<div class="REFBODY module-body">string</div>
<h3><span onMouseOver="document.getElementById('ghlink-module-summary-idm281471860196504').style.visibility = 'visible';" onMouseOut="document.getElementById('ghlink-module-summary-idm281471860196504').style.visibility = 'hidden';"><span id="ghlink-module-summary-idm281471860196504"></span><a class="title_link" name="module-summary" href="#module-summary">Module Summary</a></span></h3>
<div class="REFBODY module-summary-body">String processing functions.</div>
<h3><span onMouseOver="document.getElementById('ghlink-description-idm281471860196040').style.visibility = 'visible';" onMouseOut="document.getElementById('ghlink-description-idm281471860196040').style.visibility = 'hidden';"><span id="ghlink-description-idm281471860196040" class="ghlink"><a href="https://github.com/erlang/otp/edit/maint/lib/stdlib/doc/src/string.xml#L37" title="Found an issue with the documentation? Fix it by clicking here!"><span class="pencil"></span></a></span><a class="title_link" name="description" href="#description">Description</a></span></h3>
<div class="REFBODY description-body"><p>
<p>This module provides functions for string processing.</p>
<p>A string in this module is represented by <span class="bold_code bc-15"><a href="unicode.html#type-chardata"><span class="code">unicode:chardata()</span></a></span>, that is, a list of codepoints,
binaries with UTF-8-encoded codepoints
(<strong>UTF-8 binaries</strong>), or a mix of the two.</p>
<div class="example"><pre>"abcd" is a valid string
<<"abcd">> is a valid string
["abcd"] is a valid string
<<"abc..åäö"/utf8>> is a valid string
<<"abc..åäö">> is NOT a valid string,
but a binary with Latin-1-encoded codepoints
[<<"abc">>, "..åäö"] is a valid string
[atom] is NOT a valid string</pre></div>
<p>
This module operates on grapheme clusters. A <strong>grapheme cluster</strong>
is a user-perceived character, which can be represented by several
codepoints.
</p>
<div class="example"><pre>"å" [229] or [97, 778]
"e̊" [101, 778]</pre></div>
<p>
The string length of "ß↑e̊" is 3, even though it is represented by the
codepoints <span class="code">[223,8593,101,778]</span> or the UTF-8 binary
<span class="code"><<195,159,226,134,145,101,204,138>></span>.
</p>
<p>
Grapheme clusters for codepoints of class <span class="code">prepend</span>
and non-modern (or decomposed) Hangul is not handled for performance
reasons in
<span class="bold_code bc-17"><a href="#find-3"><span class="code">find/3</span></a></span>,
<span class="bold_code bc-17"><a href="#replace-3"><span class="code">replace/3</span></a></span>,
<span class="bold_code bc-17"><a href="#split-2"><span class="code">split/2</span></a></span>,
<span class="bold_code bc-17"><a href="#lexemes-2"><span class="code">split/2</span></a></span> and
<span class="bold_code bc-17"><a href="#trim-3"><span class="code">trim/3</span></a></span>.
</p>
<p>
Splitting and appending strings is to be done on grapheme clusters
borders.
There is no verification that the results of appending strings are
valid or normalized.
</p>
<p>
Most of the functions expect all input to be normalized to one form,
see for example <span class="bold_code bc-15"><a href="unicode.html#characters_to_nfc_list-1"><span class="code">unicode:characters_to_nfc_list/1</span></a></span>.
</p>
<p>
Language or locale specific handling of input is not considered
in any function.
</p>
<p>
The functions can crash for non-valid input strings. For example,
the functions expect UTF-8 binaries but not all functions
verify that all binaries are encoded correctly.
</p>
<p>
Unless otherwise specified the return value type is the same as
the input type. That is, binary input returns binary output,
list input returns a list output, and mixed input can return a
mixed output.</p>
<div class="example"><pre>1> string:trim(" sarah ").
"sarah"
2> string:trim(<<" sarah ">>).
<<"sarah">>
3> string:lexemes("foo bar", " ").
["foo","bar"]
4> string:lexemes(<<"foo bar">>, " ").
[<<"foo">>,<<"bar">>]</pre></div>
<p>This module has been reworked in Erlang/OTP 20 to
handle <span class="bold_code bc-15"><a href="unicode.html#type-chardata"><span class="code">unicode:chardata()</span></a></span> and operate on grapheme
clusters. The <span class="bold_code bc-17"><a href="#oldapi"><span class="code">old functions</span></a></span> that only work on Latin-1 lists as input
are still available but should not be used, they will be
deprecated in a future release.
</p>
</p></div>
<h3><span onMouseOver="document.getElementById('ghlink-data-types-idm281471860175736').style.visibility = 'visible';" onMouseOut="document.getElementById('ghlink-data-types-idm281471860175736').style.visibility = 'hidden';"><span id="ghlink-data-types-idm281471860175736"></span><a class="title_link" name="data-types" href="#data-types">Data Types</a></span></h3>
<div class="data-types-body">
<div class="data-type-name" onMouseOver="document.getElementById('ghlink-type-direction').style.visibility = 'visible';" onMouseOut="document.getElementById('ghlink-type-direction').style.visibility = 'hidden';">
<span id="ghlink-type-direction" class="ghlink"><a href="https://github.com/erlang/otp/edit/maint/lib/stdlib/doc/src/string.xml#L120" title="Found an issue with the documentation? Fix it by clicking here!"><span class="pencil"></span></a></span>
<span class="bold_code bc-4"><a name="type-direction">direction()</a> = leading | trailing</span><br>
<span class="bold_code bc-4"><a name="type-grapheme_cluster">grapheme_cluster()</a> = char() | [char()]</span><br>
</div>
<div class="data-type-desc"><div class="REFBODY rb-7"><p>
<p>A user-perceived character, consisting of one or more
codepoints.</p>
</p></div></div>
</div>
<h3><span onMouseOver="document.getElementById('ghlink-exports-idm281471860172456').style.visibility = 'visible';" onMouseOut="document.getElementById('ghlink-exports-idm281471860172456').style.visibility = 'hidden';"><span id="ghlink-exports-idm281471860172456"></span><a class="title_link" name="exports" href="#exports">Exports</a></span></h3>
<div class="exports-body">
<p><a name="casefold-1"></a><div class="bold_code func-head" onMouseOver="document.getElementById('ghlink-casefold-1-idm281471851814968').style.visibility = 'visible';" onMouseOut="document.getElementById('ghlink-casefold-1-idm281471851814968').style.visibility = 'hidden';">
<span id="ghlink-casefold-1-idm281471851814968" class="ghlink"><a href="https://github.com/erlang/otp/edit/maint/lib/stdlib/doc/src/string.xml#L132" title="Found an issue with the documentation? Fix it by clicking here!"><span class="pencil"></span></a></span>casefold(String :: <span class="bold_code bc-15"><a href="unicode.html#type-chardata">unicode:chardata()</a></span>) -> <span class="bold_code bc-15"><a href="unicode.html#type-chardata">unicode:chardata()</a></span>
</div></p>
<div class="REFBODY rb-7"><p>
<p>
Converts <span class="code">String</span> to a case-agnostic
comparable string. Function <span class="code">casefold/1</span> is preferred
over <span class="code">lowercase/1</span> when two strings are to be compared
for equality. See also <span class="bold_code bc-17"><a href="#equal-4"><span class="code">equal/4</span></a></span>.
</p>
<p><strong>Example:</strong></p>
<div class="example"><pre>
1> <span class="bold_code bc-12">string:casefold("Ω and ẞ SHARP S").</span>
"ω and ss sharp s"</pre></div>
</p></div>
<p><a name="chomp-1"></a><div class="bold_code func-head" onMouseOver="document.getElementById('ghlink-chomp-1-idm281471850492792').style.visibility = 'visible';" onMouseOut="document.getElementById('ghlink-chomp-1-idm281471850492792').style.visibility = 'hidden';">
<span id="ghlink-chomp-1-idm281471850492792" class="ghlink"><a href="https://github.com/erlang/otp/edit/maint/lib/stdlib/doc/src/string.xml#L149" title="Found an issue with the documentation? Fix it by clicking here!"><span class="pencil"></span></a></span>chomp(String :: <span class="bold_code bc-15"><a href="unicode.html#type-chardata">unicode:chardata()</a></span>) -> <span class="bold_code bc-15"><a href="unicode.html#type-chardata">unicode:chardata()</a></span>
</div></p>
<div class="REFBODY rb-7"><p>
<p>
Returns a string where any trailing <span class="code">\n</span> or
<span class="code">\r\n</span> have been removed from <span class="code">String</span>.
</p>
<p><strong>Example:</strong></p>
<div class="example"><pre>
182> <span class="bold_code bc-12">string:chomp(<<"\nHello\n\n">>).</span>
<<"\nHello">>
183> <span class="bold_code bc-12">string:chomp("\nHello\r\r\n").</span>
"\nHello\r"</pre></div>
</p></div>
<p><a name="equal-2"></a><div class="bold_code func-head" onMouseOver="document.getElementById('ghlink-equal-2-idm281471852078328').style.visibility = 'visible';" onMouseOut="document.getElementById('ghlink-equal-2-idm281471852078328').style.visibility = 'hidden';">
<span id="ghlink-equal-2-idm281471852078328" class="ghlink"><a href="https://github.com/erlang/otp/edit/maint/lib/stdlib/doc/src/string.xml#L166" title="Found an issue with the documentation? Fix it by clicking here!"><span class="pencil"></span></a></span>equal(A, B) -> boolean()</div><a name="equal-3"></a><div class="bold_code func-head" onMouseOver="document.getElementById('ghlink-equal-3-idm281471851248072').style.visibility = 'visible';" onMouseOut="document.getElementById('ghlink-equal-3-idm281471851248072').style.visibility = 'hidden';">
<span id="ghlink-equal-3-idm281471851248072" class="ghlink"><a href="https://github.com/erlang/otp/edit/maint/lib/stdlib/doc/src/string.xml#L166" title="Found an issue with the documentation? Fix it by clicking here!"><span class="pencil"></span></a></span>equal(A, B, IgnoreCase) -> boolean()</div><a name="equal-4"></a><div class="bold_code func-head" onMouseOver="document.getElementById('ghlink-equal-4-idm281471852713592').style.visibility = 'visible';" onMouseOut="document.getElementById('ghlink-equal-4-idm281471852713592').style.visibility = 'hidden';">
<span id="ghlink-equal-4-idm281471852713592" class="ghlink"><a href="https://github.com/erlang/otp/edit/maint/lib/stdlib/doc/src/string.xml#L166" title="Found an issue with the documentation? Fix it by clicking here!"><span class="pencil"></span></a></span>equal(A, B, IgnoreCase, Norm) -> boolean()</div><div class="REFBODY fun-types">
<h3 class="func-types-title">Types</h3>
<div class="REFTYPES rt-1"><span class="bold_code bc-2">A = B = <span class="bold_code bc-15"><a href="unicode.html#type-chardata">unicode:chardata()</a></span></span></div>
<div class="REFTYPES rt-1"><span class="bold_code bc-2"></span></div>
<div class="REFTYPES rt-1"><span class="bold_code bc-2">IgnoreCase = boolean()</span></div>
<div class="REFTYPES rt-1"><span class="bold_code bc-2">Norm = none | nfc | nfd | nfkc | nfkd</span></div>
</div></p>
<div class="REFBODY rb-7"><p>
<p>
Returns <span class="code">true</span> if <span class="code">A</span> and
<span class="code">B</span> are equal, otherwise <span class="code">false</span>.
</p>
<p>
If <span class="code">IgnoreCase</span> is <span class="code">true</span>
the function does <span class="bold_code bc-17"><a href="#casefold-1"><span class="code">casefold</span>ing</a></span> on the fly before the equality test.
</p>
<p>If <span class="code">Norm</span> is not <span class="code">none</span>
the function applies normalization on the fly before the equality test.
There are four available normalization forms:
<span class="bold_code bc-15"><a href="unicode.html#characters_to_nfc_list-1"><span class="code">nfc</span></a></span>,
<span class="bold_code bc-15"><a href="unicode.html#characters_to_nfd_list-1"><span class="code">nfd</span></a></span>,
<span class="bold_code bc-15"><a href="unicode.html#characters_to_nfkc_list-1"><span class="code">nfkc</span></a></span>, and
<span class="bold_code bc-15"><a href="unicode.html#characters_to_nfkd_list-1"><span class="code">nfkd</span></a></span>.
</p>
<p>By default,
<span class="code">IgnoreCase</span> is <span class="code">false</span> and
<span class="code">Norm</span> is <span class="code">none</span>.</p>
<p><strong>Example:</strong></p>
<div class="example"><pre>
1> <span class="bold_code bc-12">string:equal("åäö", <<"åäö"/utf8>>).</span>
true
2> <span class="bold_code bc-12">string:equal("åäö", unicode:characters_to_nfd_binary("åäö")).</span>
false
3> <span class="bold_code bc-12">string:equal("åäö", unicode:characters_to_nfd_binary("ÅÄÖ"), true, nfc).</span>
true</pre></div>
</p></div>
<p><a name="find-2"></a><div class="bold_code func-head" onMouseOver="document.getElementById('ghlink-find-2-idm281471852089976').style.visibility = 'visible';" onMouseOut="document.getElementById('ghlink-find-2-idm281471852089976').style.visibility = 'hidden';">
<span id="ghlink-find-2-idm281471852089976" class="ghlink"><a href="https://github.com/erlang/otp/edit/maint/lib/stdlib/doc/src/string.xml#L203" title="Found an issue with the documentation? Fix it by clicking here!"><span class="pencil"></span></a></span>find(String, SearchPattern) -> <span class="bold_code bc-15"><a href="unicode.html#type-chardata">unicode:chardata()</a></span> | nomatch</div><a name="find-3"></a><div class="bold_code func-head" onMouseOver="document.getElementById('ghlink-find-3-idm281471853049880').style.visibility = 'visible';" onMouseOut="document.getElementById('ghlink-find-3-idm281471853049880').style.visibility = 'hidden';">
<span id="ghlink-find-3-idm281471853049880" class="ghlink"><a href="https://github.com/erlang/otp/edit/maint/lib/stdlib/doc/src/string.xml#L203" title="Found an issue with the documentation? Fix it by clicking here!"><span class="pencil"></span></a></span>find(String, SearchPattern, Dir) -> <span class="bold_code bc-15"><a href="unicode.html#type-chardata">unicode:chardata()</a></span> | nomatch</div><div class="REFBODY fun-types">
<h3 class="func-types-title">Types</h3>
<div class="REFTYPES rt-1"><span class="bold_code bc-2">String = SearchPattern = <span class="bold_code bc-15"><a href="unicode.html#type-chardata">unicode:chardata()</a></span></span></div>
<div class="REFTYPES rt-1"><span class="bold_code bc-2"></span></div>
<div class="REFTYPES rt-1"><span class="bold_code bc-2">Dir = <span class="bold_code bc-17"><a href="#type-direction">direction()</a></span></span></div>
</div></p>
<div class="REFBODY rb-7"><p>
<p>
Removes anything before <span class="code">SearchPattern</span> in <span class="code">String</span>
and returns the remainder of the string or <span class="code">nomatch</span> if <span class="code">SearchPattern</span> is not
found.
<span class="code">Dir</span>, which can be <span class="code">leading</span> or
<span class="code">trailing</span>, indicates from which direction characters
are to be searched.
</p>
<p>
By default, <span class="code">Dir</span> is <span class="code">leading</span>.
</p>
<p><strong>Example:</strong></p>
<div class="example"><pre>
1> <span class="bold_code bc-12">string:find("ab..cd..ef", ".").</span>
"..cd..ef"
2> <span class="bold_code bc-12">string:find(<<"ab..cd..ef">>, "..", trailing).</span>
<<"..ef">>
3> <span class="bold_code bc-12">string:find(<<"ab..cd..ef">>, "x", leading).</span>
nomatch
4> <span class="bold_code bc-12">string:find("ab..cd..ef", "x", trailing).</span>
nomatch</pre></div>
</p></div>
<p><a name="is_empty-1"></a><div class="bold_code func-head" onMouseOver="document.getElementById('ghlink-is_empty-1-idm281471853069000').style.visibility = 'visible';" onMouseOut="document.getElementById('ghlink-is_empty-1-idm281471853069000').style.visibility = 'hidden';">
<span id="ghlink-is_empty-1-idm281471853069000" class="ghlink"><a href="https://github.com/erlang/otp/edit/maint/lib/stdlib/doc/src/string.xml#L232" title="Found an issue with the documentation? Fix it by clicking here!"><span class="pencil"></span></a></span>is_empty(String :: <span class="bold_code bc-15"><a href="unicode.html#type-chardata">unicode:chardata()</a></span>) -> boolean()</div></p>
<div class="REFBODY rb-7"><p>
<p>Returns <span class="code">true</span> if <span class="code">String</span> is the
empty string, otherwise <span class="code">false</span>.</p>
<p><strong>Example:</strong></p>
<div class="example"><pre>
1> <span class="bold_code bc-12">string:is_empty("foo").</span>
false
2> <span class="bold_code bc-12">string:is_empty(["",<<>>]).</span>
true</pre></div>
</p></div>
<p><a name="length-1"></a><div class="bold_code func-head" onMouseOver="document.getElementById('ghlink-length-1-idm281471853061048').style.visibility = 'visible';" onMouseOut="document.getElementById('ghlink-length-1-idm281471853061048').style.visibility = 'hidden';">
<span id="ghlink-length-1-idm281471853061048" class="ghlink"><a href="https://github.com/erlang/otp/edit/maint/lib/stdlib/doc/src/string.xml#L247" title="Found an issue with the documentation? Fix it by clicking here!"><span class="pencil"></span></a></span>length(String :: <span class="bold_code bc-15"><a href="unicode.html#type-chardata">unicode:chardata()</a></span>) -> integer() >= 0</div></p>
<div class="REFBODY rb-7"><p>
<p>
Returns the number of grapheme clusters in <span class="code">String</span>.
</p>
<p><strong>Example:</strong></p>
<div class="example"><pre>
1> <span class="bold_code bc-12">string:length("ß↑e̊").</span>
3
2> <span class="bold_code bc-12">string:length(<<195,159,226,134,145,101,204,138>>).</span>
3</pre></div>
</p></div>
<p><a name="lexemes-2"></a><div class="bold_code func-head" onMouseOver="document.getElementById('ghlink-lexemes-2-idm281471851688024').style.visibility = 'visible';" onMouseOut="document.getElementById('ghlink-lexemes-2-idm281471851688024').style.visibility = 'hidden';">
<span id="ghlink-lexemes-2-idm281471851688024" class="ghlink"><a href="https://github.com/erlang/otp/edit/maint/lib/stdlib/doc/src/string.xml#L263" title="Found an issue with the documentation? Fix it by clicking here!"><span class="pencil"></span></a></span>lexemes(String :: <span class="bold_code bc-15"><a href="unicode.html#type-chardata">unicode:chardata()</a></span>,<br> SeparatorList :: [<span class="bold_code bc-17"><a href="#type-grapheme_cluster">grapheme_cluster()</a></span>]) -><br> [<span class="bold_code bc-15"><a href="unicode.html#type-chardata">unicode:chardata()</a></span>]</div></p>
<div class="REFBODY rb-7"><p>
<p>
Returns a list of lexemes in <span class="code">String</span>, separated
by the grapheme clusters in <span class="code">SeparatorList</span>.
</p>
<p>
Notice that, as shown in this example, two or more
adjacent separator graphemes clusters in <span class="code">String</span>
are treated as one. That is, there are no empty
strings in the resulting list of lexemes.
See also <span class="bold_code bc-17"><a href="#split-3"><span class="code">split/3</span></a></span> which returns
empty strings.
</p>
<p>Notice that <span class="code">[$\r,$\n]</span> is one grapheme cluster.</p>
<p><strong>Example:</strong></p>
<div class="example"><pre>
1> <span class="bold_code bc-12">string:lexemes("abc de̊fxxghix jkl\r\nfoo", "x e" ++ [[$\r,$\n]]).</span>
["abc","de̊f","ghi","jkl","foo"]
2> <span class="bold_code bc-12">string:lexemes(<<"abc de̊fxxghix jkl\r\nfoo"/utf8>>, "x e" ++ [$\r,$\n]).</span>
[<<"abc">>,<<"de̊f"/utf8>>,<<"ghi">>,<<"jkl\r\nfoo">>]</pre></div>
</p></div>
<p><a name="lowercase-1"></a><div class="bold_code func-head" onMouseOver="document.getElementById('ghlink-lowercase-1-idm281471852600472').style.visibility = 'visible';" onMouseOut="document.getElementById('ghlink-lowercase-1-idm281471852600472').style.visibility = 'hidden';">
<span id="ghlink-lowercase-1-idm281471852600472" class="ghlink"><a href="https://github.com/erlang/otp/edit/maint/lib/stdlib/doc/src/string.xml#L289" title="Found an issue with the documentation? Fix it by clicking here!"><span class="pencil"></span></a></span>lowercase(String :: <span class="bold_code bc-15"><a href="unicode.html#type-chardata">unicode:chardata()</a></span>) -> <span class="bold_code bc-15"><a href="unicode.html#type-chardata">unicode:chardata()</a></span>
</div></p>
<div class="REFBODY rb-7"><p>
<p>
Converts <span class="code">String</span> to lowercase.
</p>
<p>
Notice that function <span class="bold_code bc-17"><a href="#casefold-1"><span class="code">casefold/1</span></a></span>
should be used when converting a string to
be tested for equality.
</p>
<p><strong>Example:</strong></p>
<div class="example"><pre>
2> <span class="bold_code bc-12">string:lowercase(string:uppercase("Michał")).</span>
"michał"</pre></div>
</p></div>
<p><a name="next_codepoint-1"></a><div class="bold_code func-head" onMouseOver="document.getElementById('ghlink-next_codepoint-1-idm281471850892424').style.visibility = 'visible';" onMouseOut="document.getElementById('ghlink-next_codepoint-1-idm281471850892424').style.visibility = 'hidden';">
<span id="ghlink-next_codepoint-1-idm281471850892424" class="ghlink"><a href="https://github.com/erlang/otp/edit/maint/lib/stdlib/doc/src/string.xml#L308" title="Found an issue with the documentation? Fix it by clicking here!"><span class="pencil"></span></a></span>next_codepoint(String :: <span class="bold_code bc-15"><a href="unicode.html#type-chardata">unicode:chardata()</a></span>) -><br> maybe_improper_list(char(), <span class="bold_code bc-15"><a href="unicode.html#type-chardata">unicode:chardata()</a></span>) |<br> {error, <span class="bold_code bc-15"><a href="unicode.html#type-chardata">unicode:chardata()</a></span>}</div></p>
<div class="REFBODY rb-7"><p>
<p>
Returns the first codepoint in <span class="code">String</span>
and the rest of <span class="code">String</span> in the tail. Returns
an empty list if <span class="code">String</span> is empty or an
<span class="code">{error, String}</span> tuple if the next byte is invalid.
</p>
<p><strong>Example:</strong></p>
<div class="example"><pre>
1> <span class="bold_code bc-12">string:next_codepoint(unicode:characters_to_binary("e̊fg")).</span>
[101|<<"̊fg"/utf8>>]</pre></div>
</p></div>
<p><a name="next_grapheme-1"></a><div class="bold_code func-head" onMouseOver="document.getElementById('ghlink-next_grapheme-1-idm281471850793624').style.visibility = 'visible';" onMouseOut="document.getElementById('ghlink-next_grapheme-1-idm281471850793624').style.visibility = 'hidden';">
<span id="ghlink-next_grapheme-1-idm281471850793624" class="ghlink"><a href="https://github.com/erlang/otp/edit/maint/lib/stdlib/doc/src/string.xml#L325" title="Found an issue with the documentation? Fix it by clicking here!"><span class="pencil"></span></a></span>next_grapheme(String :: <span class="bold_code bc-15"><a href="unicode.html#type-chardata">unicode:chardata()</a></span>) -><br> maybe_improper_list(<span class="bold_code bc-17"><a href="#type-grapheme_cluster">grapheme_cluster()</a></span>,<br> <span class="bold_code bc-15"><a href="unicode.html#type-chardata">unicode:chardata()</a></span>) |<br> {error, <span class="bold_code bc-15"><a href="unicode.html#type-chardata">unicode:chardata()</a></span>}</div></p>
<div class="REFBODY rb-7"><p>
<p>
Returns the first grapheme cluster in <span class="code">String</span>
and the rest of <span class="code">String</span> in the tail. Returns
an empty list if <span class="code">String</span> is empty or an
<span class="code">{error, String}</span> tuple if the next byte is invalid.
</p>
<p><strong>Example:</strong></p>
<div class="example"><pre>
1> <span class="bold_code bc-12">string:next_grapheme(unicode:characters_to_binary("e̊fg")).</span>
["e̊"|<<"fg">>]</pre></div>
</p></div>
<p><a name="nth_lexeme-3"></a><div class="bold_code func-head" onMouseOver="document.getElementById('ghlink-nth_lexeme-3-idm281471851463624').style.visibility = 'visible';" onMouseOut="document.getElementById('ghlink-nth_lexeme-3-idm281471851463624').style.visibility = 'hidden';">
<span id="ghlink-nth_lexeme-3-idm281471851463624" class="ghlink"><a href="https://github.com/erlang/otp/edit/maint/lib/stdlib/doc/src/string.xml#L342" title="Found an issue with the documentation? Fix it by clicking here!"><span class="pencil"></span></a></span>nth_lexeme(String, N, SeparatorList) -> <span class="bold_code bc-15"><a href="unicode.html#type-chardata">unicode:chardata()</a></span>
</div><div class="REFBODY fun-types">
<h3 class="func-types-title">Types</h3>
<div class="REFTYPES rt-1"><span class="bold_code bc-2">String = <span class="bold_code bc-15"><a href="unicode.html#type-chardata">unicode:chardata()</a></span></span></div>
<div class="REFTYPES rt-1"><span class="bold_code bc-2">N = integer() >= 0</span></div>
<div class="REFTYPES rt-1"><span class="bold_code bc-2">SeparatorList = [<span class="bold_code bc-17"><a href="#type-grapheme_cluster">grapheme_cluster()</a></span>]</span></div>
</div></p>
<div class="REFBODY rb-7"><p>
<p>Returns lexeme number <span class="code">N</span> in
<span class="code">String</span>, where lexemes are separated by
the grapheme clusters in <span class="code">SeparatorList</span>.
</p>
<p><strong>Example:</strong></p>
<div class="example"><pre>
1> <span class="bold_code bc-12">string:nth_lexeme("abc.de̊f.ghiejkl", 3, ".e").</span>
"ghi"</pre></div>
</p></div>
<p><a name="pad-2"></a><div class="bold_code func-head" onMouseOver="document.getElementById('ghlink-pad-2-idm281471852288136').style.visibility = 'visible';" onMouseOut="document.getElementById('ghlink-pad-2-idm281471852288136').style.visibility = 'hidden';">
<span id="ghlink-pad-2-idm281471852288136" class="ghlink"><a href="https://github.com/erlang/otp/edit/maint/lib/stdlib/doc/src/string.xml#L357" title="Found an issue with the documentation? Fix it by clicking here!"><span class="pencil"></span></a></span>pad(String, Length) -> <span class="bold_code bc-15"><a href="unicode.html#type-charlist">unicode:charlist()</a></span>
</div><a name="pad-3"></a><div class="bold_code func-head" onMouseOver="document.getElementById('ghlink-pad-3-idm281471851687272').style.visibility = 'visible';" onMouseOut="document.getElementById('ghlink-pad-3-idm281471851687272').style.visibility = 'hidden';">
<span id="ghlink-pad-3-idm281471851687272" class="ghlink"><a href="https://github.com/erlang/otp/edit/maint/lib/stdlib/doc/src/string.xml#L357" title="Found an issue with the documentation? Fix it by clicking here!"><span class="pencil"></span></a></span>pad(String, Length, Dir) -> <span class="bold_code bc-15"><a href="unicode.html#type-charlist">unicode:charlist()</a></span>
</div><a name="pad-4"></a><div class="bold_code func-head" onMouseOver="document.getElementById('ghlink-pad-4-idm281471851575768').style.visibility = 'visible';" onMouseOut="document.getElementById('ghlink-pad-4-idm281471851575768').style.visibility = 'hidden';">
<span id="ghlink-pad-4-idm281471851575768" class="ghlink"><a href="https://github.com/erlang/otp/edit/maint/lib/stdlib/doc/src/string.xml#L357" title="Found an issue with the documentation? Fix it by clicking here!"><span class="pencil"></span></a></span>pad(String, Length, Dir, Char) -> <span class="bold_code bc-15"><a href="unicode.html#type-charlist">unicode:charlist()</a></span>
</div><div class="REFBODY fun-types">
<h3 class="func-types-title">Types</h3>
<div class="REFTYPES rt-1"><span class="bold_code bc-2">String = <span class="bold_code bc-15"><a href="unicode.html#type-chardata">unicode:chardata()</a></span></span></div>
<div class="REFTYPES rt-1"><span class="bold_code bc-2">Length = integer()</span></div>
<div class="REFTYPES rt-1"><span class="bold_code bc-2">Dir = <span class="bold_code bc-17"><a href="#type-direction">direction()</a></span> | both</span></div>
<div class="REFTYPES rt-1"><span class="bold_code bc-2">Char = <span class="bold_code bc-17"><a href="#type-grapheme_cluster">grapheme_cluster()</a></span></span></div>
</div></p>
<div class="REFBODY rb-7"><p>
<p>
Pads <span class="code">String</span> to <span class="code">Length</span> with
grapheme cluster <span class="code">Char</span>.
<span class="code">Dir</span>, which can be <span class="code">leading</span>, <span class="code">trailing</span>,
or <span class="code">both</span>, indicates where the padding should be added.
</p>
<p>By default, <span class="code">Char</span> is <span class="code">$\s</span> and
<span class="code">Dir</span> is <span class="code">trailing</span>.
</p>
<p><strong>Example:</strong></p>
<div class="example"><pre>
1> <span class="bold_code bc-12">string:pad(<<"He̊llö"/utf8>>, 8).</span>
[<<72,101,204,138,108,108,195,182>>,32,32,32]
2> <span class="bold_code bc-12">io:format("'~ts'~n",[string:pad("He̊llö", 8, leading)]).</span>
' He̊llö'
3> <span class="bold_code bc-12">io:format("'~ts'~n",[string:pad("He̊llö", 8, both)]).</span>
' He̊llö '</pre></div>
</p></div>
<p><a name="prefix-2"></a><div class="bold_code func-head" onMouseOver="document.getElementById('ghlink-prefix-2-idm281471852096184').style.visibility = 'visible';" onMouseOut="document.getElementById('ghlink-prefix-2-idm281471852096184').style.visibility = 'hidden';">
<span id="ghlink-prefix-2-idm281471852096184" class="ghlink"><a href="https://github.com/erlang/otp/edit/maint/lib/stdlib/doc/src/string.xml#L383" title="Found an issue with the documentation? Fix it by clicking here!"><span class="pencil"></span></a></span>prefix(String :: <span class="bold_code bc-15"><a href="unicode.html#type-chardata">unicode:chardata()</a></span>, Prefix :: <span class="bold_code bc-15"><a href="unicode.html#type-chardata">unicode:chardata()</a></span>) -><br> nomatch | <span class="bold_code bc-15"><a href="unicode.html#type-chardata">unicode:chardata()</a></span>
</div></p>
<div class="REFBODY rb-7"><p>
<p>
If <span class="code">Prefix</span> is the prefix of
<span class="code">String</span>, removes it and returns the
remainder of <span class="code">String</span>, otherwise returns
<span class="code">nomatch</span>.
</p>
<p><strong>Example:</strong></p>
<div class="example"><pre>
1> <span class="bold_code bc-12">string:prefix(<<"prefix of string">>, "pre").</span>
<<"fix of string">>
2> <span class="bold_code bc-12">string:prefix("pre", "prefix").</span>
nomatch</pre></div>
</p></div>
<p><a name="replace-3"></a><div class="bold_code func-head" onMouseOver="document.getElementById('ghlink-replace-3-idm281471851287688').style.visibility = 'visible';" onMouseOut="document.getElementById('ghlink-replace-3-idm281471851287688').style.visibility = 'hidden';">
<span id="ghlink-replace-3-idm281471851287688" class="ghlink"><a href="https://github.com/erlang/otp/edit/maint/lib/stdlib/doc/src/string.xml#L402" title="Found an issue with the documentation? Fix it by clicking here!"><span class="pencil"></span></a></span>replace(String, SearchPattern, Replacement) -><br> [<span class="bold_code bc-15"><a href="unicode.html#type-chardata">unicode:chardata()</a></span>]</div><a name="replace-4"></a><div class="bold_code func-head" onMouseOver="document.getElementById('ghlink-replace-4-idm281471851972168').style.visibility = 'visible';" onMouseOut="document.getElementById('ghlink-replace-4-idm281471851972168').style.visibility = 'hidden';">
<span id="ghlink-replace-4-idm281471851972168" class="ghlink"><a href="https://github.com/erlang/otp/edit/maint/lib/stdlib/doc/src/string.xml#L402" title="Found an issue with the documentation? Fix it by clicking here!"><span class="pencil"></span></a></span>replace(String, SearchPattern, Replacement, Where) -><br> [<span class="bold_code bc-15"><a href="unicode.html#type-chardata">unicode:chardata()</a></span>]</div><div class="REFBODY fun-types">
<h3 class="func-types-title">Types</h3>
<div class="REFTYPES rt-1"><span class="bold_code bc-2">String = SearchPattern = Replacement = <span class="bold_code bc-15"><a href="unicode.html#type-chardata">unicode:chardata()</a></span></span></div>
<div class="REFTYPES rt-1"><span class="bold_code bc-2"></span></div>
<div class="REFTYPES rt-1"><span class="bold_code bc-2"></span></div>
<div class="REFTYPES rt-1"><span class="bold_code bc-2">Where = <span class="bold_code bc-17"><a href="#type-direction">direction()</a></span> | all</span></div>
</div></p>
<div class="REFBODY rb-7"><p>
<p>
Replaces <span class="code">SearchPattern</span> in <span class="code">String</span>
with <span class="code">Replacement</span>.
<span class="code">Where</span>, default <span class="code">leading</span>, indicates whether
the <span class="code">leading</span>, the <span class="code">trailing</span> or <span class="code">all</span> encounters of
<span class="code">SearchPattern</span> are to be replaced.
</p>
<p>Can be implemented as:</p>
<div class="example"><pre>lists:join(Replacement, split(String, SearchPattern, Where)).</pre></div>
<p><strong>Example:</strong></p>
<div class="example"><pre>
1> <span class="bold_code bc-12">string:replace(<<"ab..cd..ef">>, "..", "*").</span>
[<<"ab">>,"*",<<"cd..ef">>]
2> <span class="bold_code bc-12">string:replace(<<"ab..cd..ef">>, "..", "*", all).</span>
[<<"ab">>,"*",<<"cd">>,"*",<<"ef">>]</pre></div>
</p></div>
<p><a name="reverse-1"></a><div class="bold_code func-head" onMouseOver="document.getElementById('ghlink-reverse-1-idm281471851189816').style.visibility = 'visible';" onMouseOut="document.getElementById('ghlink-reverse-1-idm281471851189816').style.visibility = 'hidden';">
<span id="ghlink-reverse-1-idm281471851189816" class="ghlink"><a href="https://github.com/erlang/otp/edit/maint/lib/stdlib/doc/src/string.xml#L425" title="Found an issue with the documentation? Fix it by clicking here!"><span class="pencil"></span></a></span>reverse(String :: <span class="bold_code bc-15"><a href="unicode.html#type-chardata">unicode:chardata()</a></span>) -> [<span class="bold_code bc-17"><a href="#type-grapheme_cluster">grapheme_cluster()</a></span>]</div></p>
<div class="REFBODY rb-7"><p>
<p>
Returns the reverse list of the grapheme clusters in <span class="code">String</span>.
</p>
<p><strong>Example:</strong></p>
<div class="example"><pre>
1> Reverse = <span class="bold_code bc-12">string:reverse(unicode:characters_to_nfd_binary("ÅÄÖ")).</span>
[[79,776],[65,776],[65,778]]
2> <span class="bold_code bc-12">io:format("~ts~n",[Reverse]).</span>
ÖÄÅ</pre></div>
</p></div>
<p><a name="slice-2"></a><div class="bold_code func-head" onMouseOver="document.getElementById('ghlink-slice-2-idm281471852068136').style.visibility = 'visible';" onMouseOut="document.getElementById('ghlink-slice-2-idm281471852068136').style.visibility = 'hidden';">
<span id="ghlink-slice-2-idm281471852068136" class="ghlink"><a href="https://github.com/erlang/otp/edit/maint/lib/stdlib/doc/src/string.xml#L441" title="Found an issue with the documentation? Fix it by clicking here!"><span class="pencil"></span></a></span>slice(String, Start) -> Slice</div><a name="slice-3"></a><div class="bold_code func-head" onMouseOver="document.getElementById('ghlink-slice-3-idm281471852583320').style.visibility = 'visible';" onMouseOut="document.getElementById('ghlink-slice-3-idm281471852583320').style.visibility = 'hidden';">
<span id="ghlink-slice-3-idm281471852583320" class="ghlink"><a href="https://github.com/erlang/otp/edit/maint/lib/stdlib/doc/src/string.xml#L441" title="Found an issue with the documentation? Fix it by clicking here!"><span class="pencil"></span></a></span>slice(String, Start, Length) -> Slice</div><div class="REFBODY fun-types">
<h3 class="func-types-title">Types</h3>
<div class="REFTYPES rt-1"><span class="bold_code bc-2">String = <span class="bold_code bc-15"><a href="unicode.html#type-chardata">unicode:chardata()</a></span></span></div>
<div class="REFTYPES rt-1"><span class="bold_code bc-2">Start = integer() >= 0</span></div>
<div class="REFTYPES rt-1"><span class="bold_code bc-2">Length = infinity | integer() >= 0</span></div>
<div class="REFTYPES rt-1"><span class="bold_code bc-2">Slice = <span class="bold_code bc-15"><a href="unicode.html#type-chardata">unicode:chardata()</a></span></span></div>
</div></p>
<div class="REFBODY rb-7"><p>
<p>Returns a substring of <span class="code">String</span> of
at most <span class="code">Length</span> grapheme clusters, starting at position
<span class="code">Start</span>.</p>
<p>By default, <span class="code">Length</span> is <span class="code">infinity</span>.</p>
<p><strong>Example:</strong></p>
<div class="example"><pre>
1> <span class="bold_code bc-12">string:slice(<<"He̊llö Wörld"/utf8>>, 4).</span>
<<"ö Wörld"/utf8>>
2> <span class="bold_code bc-12">string:slice(["He̊llö ", <<"Wörld"/utf8>>], 4,4).</span>
"ö Wö"
3> <span class="bold_code bc-12">string:slice(["He̊llö ", <<"Wörld"/utf8>>], 4,50).</span>
"ö Wörld"</pre></div>
</p></div>
<p><a name="split-2"></a><div class="bold_code func-head" onMouseOver="document.getElementById('ghlink-split-2-idm281471852816008').style.visibility = 'visible';" onMouseOut="document.getElementById('ghlink-split-2-idm281471852816008').style.visibility = 'hidden';">
<span id="ghlink-split-2-idm281471852816008" class="ghlink"><a href="https://github.com/erlang/otp/edit/maint/lib/stdlib/doc/src/string.xml#L461" title="Found an issue with the documentation? Fix it by clicking here!"><span class="pencil"></span></a></span>split(String, SearchPattern) -> [<span class="bold_code bc-15"><a href="unicode.html#type-chardata">unicode:chardata()</a></span>]</div><a name="split-3"></a><div class="bold_code func-head" onMouseOver="document.getElementById('ghlink-split-3-idm281471850766712').style.visibility = 'visible';" onMouseOut="document.getElementById('ghlink-split-3-idm281471850766712').style.visibility = 'hidden';">
<span id="ghlink-split-3-idm281471850766712" class="ghlink"><a href="https://github.com/erlang/otp/edit/maint/lib/stdlib/doc/src/string.xml#L461" title="Found an issue with the documentation? Fix it by clicking here!"><span class="pencil"></span></a></span>split(String, SearchPattern, Where) -> [<span class="bold_code bc-15"><a href="unicode.html#type-chardata">unicode:chardata()</a></span>]</div><div class="REFBODY fun-types">
<h3 class="func-types-title">Types</h3>
<div class="REFTYPES rt-1"><span class="bold_code bc-2">String = SearchPattern = <span class="bold_code bc-15"><a href="unicode.html#type-chardata">unicode:chardata()</a></span></span></div>
<div class="REFTYPES rt-1"><span class="bold_code bc-2"></span></div>
<div class="REFTYPES rt-1"><span class="bold_code bc-2">Where = <span class="bold_code bc-17"><a href="#type-direction">direction()</a></span> | all</span></div>
</div></p>
<div class="REFBODY rb-7"><p>
<p>
Splits <span class="code">String</span> where <span class="code">SearchPattern</span>
is encountered and return the remaining parts.
<span class="code">Where</span>, default <span class="code">leading</span>, indicates whether
the <span class="code">leading</span>, the <span class="code">trailing</span> or <span class="code">all</span> encounters of
<span class="code">SearchPattern</span> will split <span class="code">String</span>.
</p>
<p><strong>Example:</strong></p>
<div class="example"><pre>
0> <span class="bold_code bc-12">string:split("ab..bc..cd", "..").</span>
["ab","bc..cd"]
1> <span class="bold_code bc-12">string:split(<<"ab..bc..cd">>, "..", trailing).</span>
[<<"ab..bc">>,<<"cd">>]
2> <span class="bold_code bc-12">string:split(<<"ab..bc....cd">>, "..", all).</span>
[<<"ab">>,<<"bc">>,<<>>,<<"cd">>]</pre></div>
</p></div>
<p><a name="take-2"></a><div class="bold_code func-head" onMouseOver="document.getElementById('ghlink-take-2-idm281471851859144').style.visibility = 'visible';" onMouseOut="document.getElementById('ghlink-take-2-idm281471851859144').style.visibility = 'hidden';">
<span id="ghlink-take-2-idm281471851859144" class="ghlink"><a href="https://github.com/erlang/otp/edit/maint/lib/stdlib/doc/src/string.xml#L484" title="Found an issue with the documentation? Fix it by clicking here!"><span class="pencil"></span></a></span>take(String, Characters) -> {Leading, Trailing}</div><a name="take-3"></a><div class="bold_code func-head" onMouseOver="document.getElementById('ghlink-take-3-idm281471851122936').style.visibility = 'visible';" onMouseOut="document.getElementById('ghlink-take-3-idm281471851122936').style.visibility = 'hidden';">
<span id="ghlink-take-3-idm281471851122936" class="ghlink"><a href="https://github.com/erlang/otp/edit/maint/lib/stdlib/doc/src/string.xml#L484" title="Found an issue with the documentation? Fix it by clicking here!"><span class="pencil"></span></a></span>take(String, Characters, Complement) -> {Leading, Trailing}</div><a name="take-4"></a><div class="bold_code func-head" onMouseOver="document.getElementById('ghlink-take-4-idm281471852603160').style.visibility = 'visible';" onMouseOut="document.getElementById('ghlink-take-4-idm281471852603160').style.visibility = 'hidden';">
<span id="ghlink-take-4-idm281471852603160" class="ghlink"><a href="https://github.com/erlang/otp/edit/maint/lib/stdlib/doc/src/string.xml#L484" title="Found an issue with the documentation? Fix it by clicking here!"><span class="pencil"></span></a></span>take(String, Characters, Complement, Dir) -> {Leading, Trailing}</div><div class="REFBODY fun-types">
<h3 class="func-types-title">Types</h3>
<div class="REFTYPES rt-1"><span class="bold_code bc-2">String = <span class="bold_code bc-15"><a href="unicode.html#type-chardata">unicode:chardata()</a></span></span></div>
<div class="REFTYPES rt-1"><span class="bold_code bc-2">Characters = [<span class="bold_code bc-17"><a href="#type-grapheme_cluster">grapheme_cluster()</a></span>]</span></div>
<div class="REFTYPES rt-1"><span class="bold_code bc-2">Complement = boolean()</span></div>
<div class="REFTYPES rt-1"><span class="bold_code bc-2">Dir = <span class="bold_code bc-17"><a href="#type-direction">direction()</a></span></span></div>
<div class="REFTYPES rt-1"><span class="bold_code bc-2">Leading = Trailing = <span class="bold_code bc-15"><a href="unicode.html#type-chardata">unicode:chardata()</a></span></span></div>
<div class="REFTYPES rt-1"><span class="bold_code bc-2"></span></div>
</div></p>
<div class="REFBODY rb-7"><p>
<p>Takes characters from <span class="code">String</span> as long as
the characters are members of set <span class="code">Characters</span>
or the complement of set <span class="code">Characters</span>.
<span class="code">Dir</span>,
which can be <span class="code">leading</span> or <span class="code">trailing</span>, indicates from
which direction characters are to be taken.
</p>
<p><strong>Example:</strong></p>
<div class="example"><pre>
5> <span class="bold_code bc-12">string:take("abc0z123", lists:seq($a,$z)).</span>
{"abc","0z123"}
6> <span class="bold_code bc-12">string:take(<<"abc0z123">>, lists:seq($0,$9), true, leading).</span>
{<<"abc">>,<<"0z123">>}
7> <span class="bold_code bc-12">string:take("abc0z123", lists:seq($0,$9), false, trailing).</span>
{"abc0z","123"}
8> <span class="bold_code bc-12">string:take(<<"abc0z123">>, lists:seq($a,$z), true, trailing).</span>
{<<"abc0z">>,<<"123">>}</pre></div>
</p></div>
<p><a name="titlecase-1"></a><div class="bold_code func-head" onMouseOver="document.getElementById('ghlink-titlecase-1-idm281471851255272').style.visibility = 'visible';" onMouseOut="document.getElementById('ghlink-titlecase-1-idm281471851255272').style.visibility = 'hidden';">
<span id="ghlink-titlecase-1-idm281471851255272" class="ghlink"><a href="https://github.com/erlang/otp/edit/maint/lib/stdlib/doc/src/string.xml#L510" title="Found an issue with the documentation? Fix it by clicking here!"><span class="pencil"></span></a></span>titlecase(String :: <span class="bold_code bc-15"><a href="unicode.html#type-chardata">unicode:chardata()</a></span>) -> <span class="bold_code bc-15"><a href="unicode.html#type-chardata">unicode:chardata()</a></span>
</div></p>
<div class="REFBODY rb-7"><p>
<p>
Converts <span class="code">String</span> to titlecase.
</p>
<p><strong>Example:</strong></p>
<div class="example"><pre>
1> <span class="bold_code bc-12">string:titlecase("ß is a SHARP s").</span>
"Ss is a SHARP s"</pre></div>
</p></div>
<p><a name="to_float-1"></a><div class="bold_code func-head" onMouseOver="document.getElementById('ghlink-to_float-1-idm281471851254376').style.visibility = 'visible';" onMouseOut="document.getElementById('ghlink-to_float-1-idm281471851254376').style.visibility = 'hidden';">
<span id="ghlink-to_float-1-idm281471851254376" class="ghlink"><a href="https://github.com/erlang/otp/edit/maint/lib/stdlib/doc/src/string.xml#L524" title="Found an issue with the documentation? Fix it by clicking here!"><span class="pencil"></span></a></span>to_float(String) -> {Float, Rest} | {error, Reason}</div><div class="REFBODY fun-types">
<h3 class="func-types-title">Types</h3>
<div class="REFTYPES rt-1"><span class="bold_code bc-2">String = <span class="bold_code bc-15"><a href="unicode.html#type-chardata">unicode:chardata()</a></span></span></div>
<div class="REFTYPES rt-1"><span class="bold_code bc-2">Float = float()</span></div>
<div class="REFTYPES rt-1"><span class="bold_code bc-2">Rest = <span class="bold_code bc-15"><a href="unicode.html#type-chardata">unicode:chardata()</a></span></span></div>
<div class="REFTYPES rt-1"><span class="bold_code bc-2">Reason = no_float | badarg</span></div>
</div></p>
<div class="REFBODY rb-7"><p>
<p>Argument <span class="code">String</span> is expected to start with a
valid text represented float (the digits are ASCII values).
Remaining characters in the string after the float are returned in
<span class="code">Rest</span>.</p>
<p><strong>Example:</strong></p>
<div class="example"><pre>
> <span class="bold_code bc-12">{F1,Fs} = string:to_float("1.0-1.0e-1"),</span>
> <span class="bold_code bc-12">{F2,[]} = string:to_float(Fs),</span>
> <span class="bold_code bc-12">F1+F2.</span>
0.9
> <span class="bold_code bc-12">string:to_float("3/2=1.5").</span>
{error,no_float}
> <span class="bold_code bc-12">string:to_float("-1.5eX").</span>
{-1.5,"eX"}</pre></div>
</p></div>
<p><a name="to_integer-1"></a><div class="bold_code func-head" onMouseOver="document.getElementById('ghlink-to_integer-1-idm281471851092168').style.visibility = 'visible';" onMouseOut="document.getElementById('ghlink-to_integer-1-idm281471851092168').style.visibility = 'hidden';">
<span id="ghlink-to_integer-1-idm281471851092168" class="ghlink"><a href="https://github.com/erlang/otp/edit/maint/lib/stdlib/doc/src/string.xml#L546" title="Found an issue with the documentation? Fix it by clicking here!"><span class="pencil"></span></a></span>to_integer(String) -> {Int, Rest} | {error, Reason}</div><div class="REFBODY fun-types">
<h3 class="func-types-title">Types</h3>
<div class="REFTYPES rt-1"><span class="bold_code bc-2">String = <span class="bold_code bc-15"><a href="unicode.html#type-chardata">unicode:chardata()</a></span></span></div>
<div class="REFTYPES rt-1"><span class="bold_code bc-2">Int = integer()</span></div>
<div class="REFTYPES rt-1"><span class="bold_code bc-2">Rest = <span class="bold_code bc-15"><a href="unicode.html#type-chardata">unicode:chardata()</a></span></span></div>
<div class="REFTYPES rt-1"><span class="bold_code bc-2">Reason = no_integer | badarg</span></div>
</div></p>
<div class="REFBODY rb-7"><p>
<p>Argument <span class="code">String</span> is expected to start with a
valid text represented integer (the digits are ASCII values).
Remaining characters in the string after the integer are returned in
<span class="code">Rest</span>.</p>
<p><strong>Example:</strong></p>
<div class="example"><pre>
> <span class="bold_code bc-12">{I1,Is} = string:to_integer("33+22"),</span>
> <span class="bold_code bc-12">{I2,[]} = string:to_integer(Is),</span>
> <span class="bold_code bc-12">I1-I2.</span>
11
> <span class="bold_code bc-12">string:to_integer("0.5").</span>
{0,".5"}
> <span class="bold_code bc-12">string:to_integer("x=2").</span>
{error,no_integer}</pre></div>
</p></div>
<p><a name="to_graphemes-1"></a><div class="bold_code func-head" onMouseOver="document.getElementById('ghlink-to_graphemes-1-idm281471852660280').style.visibility = 'visible';" onMouseOut="document.getElementById('ghlink-to_graphemes-1-idm281471852660280').style.visibility = 'hidden';">
<span id="ghlink-to_graphemes-1-idm281471852660280" class="ghlink"><a href="https://github.com/erlang/otp/edit/maint/lib/stdlib/doc/src/string.xml#L568" title="Found an issue with the documentation? Fix it by clicking here!"><span class="pencil"></span></a></span>to_graphemes(String :: <span class="bold_code bc-15"><a href="unicode.html#type-chardata">unicode:chardata()</a></span>) -> [<span class="bold_code bc-17"><a href="#type-grapheme_cluster">grapheme_cluster()</a></span>]</div></p>
<div class="REFBODY rb-7"><p>
<p>
Converts <span class="code">String</span> to a list of grapheme clusters.
</p>
<p><strong>Example:</strong></p>
<div class="example"><pre>
1> <span class="bold_code bc-12">string:to_graphemes("ß↑e̊").</span>
[223,8593,[101,778]]
2> <span class="bold_code bc-12">string:to_graphemes(<<"ß↑e̊"/utf8>>).</span>
[223,8593,[101,778]]</pre></div>
</p></div>
<p><a name="trim-1"></a><div class="bold_code func-head" onMouseOver="document.getElementById('ghlink-trim-1-idm281471850531960').style.visibility = 'visible';" onMouseOut="document.getElementById('ghlink-trim-1-idm281471850531960').style.visibility = 'hidden';">
<span id="ghlink-trim-1-idm281471850531960" class="ghlink"><a href="https://github.com/erlang/otp/edit/maint/lib/stdlib/doc/src/string.xml#L584" title="Found an issue with the documentation? Fix it by clicking here!"><span class="pencil"></span></a></span>trim(String) -> <span class="bold_code bc-15"><a href="unicode.html#type-chardata">unicode:chardata()</a></span>
</div><a name="trim-2"></a><div class="bold_code func-head" onMouseOver="document.getElementById('ghlink-trim-2-idm281471850648968').style.visibility = 'visible';" onMouseOut="document.getElementById('ghlink-trim-2-idm281471850648968').style.visibility = 'hidden';">
<span id="ghlink-trim-2-idm281471850648968" class="ghlink"><a href="https://github.com/erlang/otp/edit/maint/lib/stdlib/doc/src/string.xml#L584" title="Found an issue with the documentation? Fix it by clicking here!"><span class="pencil"></span></a></span>trim(String, Dir) -> <span class="bold_code bc-15"><a href="unicode.html#type-chardata">unicode:chardata()</a></span>
</div><a name="trim-3"></a><div class="bold_code func-head" onMouseOver="document.getElementById('ghlink-trim-3-idm281471852026616').style.visibility = 'visible';" onMouseOut="document.getElementById('ghlink-trim-3-idm281471852026616').style.visibility = 'hidden';">
<span id="ghlink-trim-3-idm281471852026616" class="ghlink"><a href="https://github.com/erlang/otp/edit/maint/lib/stdlib/doc/src/string.xml#L584" title="Found an issue with the documentation? Fix it by clicking here!"><span class="pencil"></span></a></span>trim(String, Dir, Characters) -> <span class="bold_code bc-15"><a href="unicode.html#type-chardata">unicode:chardata()</a></span>
</div><div class="REFBODY fun-types">
<h3 class="func-types-title">Types</h3>
<div class="REFTYPES rt-1"><span class="bold_code bc-2">String = <span class="bold_code bc-15"><a href="unicode.html#type-chardata">unicode:chardata()</a></span></span></div>
<div class="REFTYPES rt-1"><span class="bold_code bc-2">Dir = <span class="bold_code bc-17"><a href="#type-direction">direction()</a></span> | both</span></div>
<div class="REFTYPES rt-1"><span class="bold_code bc-2">Characters = [<span class="bold_code bc-17"><a href="#type-grapheme_cluster">grapheme_cluster()</a></span>]</span></div>
</div></p>
<div class="REFBODY rb-7"><p>
<p>
Returns a string, where leading or trailing, or both,
<span class="code">Characters</span> have been removed.
<span class="code">Dir</span> which can be <span class="code">leading</span>, <span class="code">trailing</span>,
or <span class="code">both</span>, indicates from which direction characters
are to be removed.
</p>
<p> Default <span class="code">Characters</span> is the set of
nonbreakable whitespace codepoints, defined as
Pattern_White_Space in
<span class="bold_code bc-20"><a href="http://unicode.org/reports/tr31/">Unicode Standard Annex #31</a></span>.
<span class="code">By default, Dir</span> is <span class="code">both</span>.
</p>
<p>
Notice that <span class="code">[$\r,$\n]</span> is one grapheme cluster according
to the Unicode Standard.
</p>
<p><strong>Example:</strong></p>
<div class="example"><pre>
1> <span class="bold_code bc-12">string:trim("\t Hello \n").</span>
"Hello"
2> <span class="bold_code bc-12">string:trim(<<"\t Hello \n">>, leading).</span>
<<"Hello \n">>
3> <span class="bold_code bc-12">string:trim(<<".Hello.\n">>, trailing, "\n.").</span>
<<".Hello">></pre></div>
</p></div>
<p><a name="uppercase-1"></a><div class="bold_code func-head" onMouseOver="document.getElementById('ghlink-uppercase-1-idm281471852025560').style.visibility = 'visible';" onMouseOut="document.getElementById('ghlink-uppercase-1-idm281471852025560').style.visibility = 'hidden';">
<span id="ghlink-uppercase-1-idm281471852025560" class="ghlink"><a href="https://github.com/erlang/otp/edit/maint/lib/stdlib/doc/src/string.xml#L618" title="Found an issue with the documentation? Fix it by clicking here!"><span class="pencil"></span></a></span>uppercase(String :: <span class="bold_code bc-15"><a href="unicode.html#type-chardata">unicode:chardata()</a></span>) -> <span class="bold_code bc-15"><a href="unicode.html#type-chardata">unicode:chardata()</a></span>
</div></p>
<div class="REFBODY rb-7"><p>
<p>
Converts <span class="code">String</span> to uppercase.
</p>
<p>See also <span class="bold_code bc-17"><a href="#titlecase-1"><span class="code">titlecase/1</span></a></span>.</p>
<p><strong>Example:</strong></p>
<div class="example"><pre>
1> <span class="bold_code bc-12">string:uppercase("Michał").</span>
"MICHAŁ"</pre></div>
</p></div>
</div>
<h3>
<a name="oldapi"></a><span onMouseOver="document.getElementById('ghlink-obsolete-api-functions-idm281471859964968').style.visibility = 'visible';" onMouseOut="document.getElementById('ghlink-obsolete-api-functions-idm281471859964968').style.visibility = 'hidden';"><span id="ghlink-obsolete-api-functions-idm281471859964968" class="ghlink"><a href="https://github.com/erlang/otp/edit/maint/lib/stdlib/doc/src/string.xml#L635" title="Found an issue with the documentation? Fix it by clicking here!"><span class="pencil"></span></a></span><a class="title_link" name="obsolete-api-functions" href="#obsolete-api-functions">Obsolete API functions</a></span>
</h3>
<div class="REFBODY rb-3">
<p>Here follows the function of the old API.
These functions only work on a list of Latin-1 characters.
</p>
<div class="note">
<div class="label">Note</div>
<div class="content"><p><p>
The functions are kept for backward compatibility, but are
not recommended.
They will be deprecated in a future release.
</p>
<p>Any undocumented functions in <span class="code">string</span> are not to be used.</p>
</p></div>
</div>
</div>
<h3><span onMouseOver="document.getElementById('ghlink-exports-idm281471859960888').style.visibility = 'visible';" onMouseOut="document.getElementById('ghlink-exports-idm281471859960888').style.visibility = 'hidden';"><span id="ghlink-exports-idm281471859960888"></span><a class="title_link" name="exports" href="#exports">Exports</a></span></h3>
<div class="exports-body">
<p><a name="centre-2"></a><div class="bold_code func-head" onMouseOver="document.getElementById('ghlink-centre-2-idm281471852682872').style.visibility = 'visible';" onMouseOut="document.getElementById('ghlink-centre-2-idm281471852682872').style.visibility = 'hidden';">
<span id="ghlink-centre-2-idm281471852682872" class="ghlink"><a href="https://github.com/erlang/otp/edit/maint/lib/stdlib/doc/src/string.xml#L651" title="Found an issue with the documentation? Fix it by clicking here!"><span class="pencil"></span></a></span>centre(String, Number) -> Centered</div><a name="centre-3"></a><div class="bold_code func-head" onMouseOver="document.getElementById('ghlink-centre-3-idm281471852739448').style.visibility = 'visible';" onMouseOut="document.getElementById('ghlink-centre-3-idm281471852739448').style.visibility = 'hidden';">
<span id="ghlink-centre-3-idm281471852739448" class="ghlink"><a href="https://github.com/erlang/otp/edit/maint/lib/stdlib/doc/src/string.xml#L651" title="Found an issue with the documentation? Fix it by clicking here!"><span class="pencil"></span></a></span>centre(String, Number, Character) -> Centered</div><div class="REFBODY fun-types">
<h3 class="func-types-title">Types</h3>
<div class="REFTYPES rt-1"><span class="bold_code bc-2">String = Centered = string()</span></div>
<div class="REFTYPES rt-1"><span class="bold_code bc-2"></span></div>
<div class="REFTYPES rt-1"><span class="bold_code bc-2">Number = integer() >= 0</span></div>
<div class="REFTYPES rt-1"><span class="bold_code bc-2">Character = char()</span></div>
</div></p>
<div class="REFBODY rb-7"><p>
<p>Returns a string, where <span class="code">String</span> is centered in the
string and surrounded by blanks or <span class="code">Character</span>.
The resulting string has length <span class="code">Number</span>.</p>
<p>This function is <span class="bold_code bc-17"><a href="#oldapi">obsolete</a></span>.
Use
<span class="bold_code bc-17"><a href="#pad-3"><span class="code">pad/3</span></a></span>.
</p>
</p></div>
<p><a name="chars-2"></a><div class="bold_code func-head" onMouseOver="document.getElementById('ghlink-chars-2-idm281471851587160').style.visibility = 'visible';" onMouseOut="document.getElementById('ghlink-chars-2-idm281471851587160').style.visibility = 'hidden';">
<span id="ghlink-chars-2-idm281471851587160" class="ghlink"><a href="https://github.com/erlang/otp/edit/maint/lib/stdlib/doc/src/string.xml#L666" title="Found an issue with the documentation? Fix it by clicking here!"><span class="pencil"></span></a></span>chars(Character, Number) -> String</div><a name="chars-3"></a><div class="bold_code func-head" onMouseOver="document.getElementById('ghlink-chars-3-idm281471851582520').style.visibility = 'visible';" onMouseOut="document.getElementById('ghlink-chars-3-idm281471851582520').style.visibility = 'hidden';">
<span id="ghlink-chars-3-idm281471851582520" class="ghlink"><a href="https://github.com/erlang/otp/edit/maint/lib/stdlib/doc/src/string.xml#L666" title="Found an issue with the documentation? Fix it by clicking here!"><span class="pencil"></span></a></span>chars(Character, Number, Tail) -> String</div><div class="REFBODY fun-types">
<h3 class="func-types-title">Types</h3>
<div class="REFTYPES rt-1"><span class="bold_code bc-2">Character = char()</span></div>
<div class="REFTYPES rt-1"><span class="bold_code bc-2">Number = integer() >= 0</span></div>
<div class="REFTYPES rt-1"><span class="bold_code bc-2">Tail = String = string()</span></div>
<div class="REFTYPES rt-1"><span class="bold_code bc-2"></span></div>
</div></p>
<div class="REFBODY rb-7"><p>
<p>Returns a string consisting of <span class="code">Number</span> characters
<span class="code">Character</span>. Optionally, the string can end with
string <span class="code">Tail</span>.</p>
<p>This function is <span class="bold_code bc-17"><a href="#oldapi">obsolete</a></span>.
Use
<span class="bold_code bc-15"><a href="lists.html#duplicate-2"><span class="code">lists:duplicate/2</span></a></span>.</p>
</p></div>
<p><a name="chr-2"></a><div class="bold_code func-head" onMouseOver="document.getElementById('ghlink-chr-2-idm281471850851048').style.visibility = 'visible';" onMouseOut="document.getElementById('ghlink-chr-2-idm281471850851048').style.visibility = 'hidden';">
<span id="ghlink-chr-2-idm281471850851048" class="ghlink"><a href="https://github.com/erlang/otp/edit/maint/lib/stdlib/doc/src/string.xml#L680" title="Found an issue with the documentation? Fix it by clicking here!"><span class="pencil"></span></a></span>chr(String, Character) -> Index</div><div class="REFBODY fun-types">
<h3 class="func-types-title">Types</h3>
<div class="REFTYPES rt-1"><span class="bold_code bc-2">String = string()</span></div>
<div class="REFTYPES rt-1"><span class="bold_code bc-2">Character = char()</span></div>
<div class="REFTYPES rt-1"><span class="bold_code bc-2">Index = integer() >= 0</span></div>
</div></p>
<div class="REFBODY rb-7"><p>
<p>Returns the index of the first occurrence of
<span class="code">Character</span> in <span class="code">String</span>. Returns
<span class="code">0</span> if <span class="code">Character</span> does not occur.</p>
<p>This function is <span class="bold_code bc-17"><a href="#oldapi">obsolete</a></span>.
Use
<span class="bold_code bc-17"><a href="#find-2"><span class="code">find/2</span></a></span>.</p>
</p></div>
<p><a name="concat-2"></a><div class="bold_code func-head" onMouseOver="document.getElementById('ghlink-concat-2-idm281471850750248').style.visibility = 'visible';" onMouseOut="document.getElementById('ghlink-concat-2-idm281471850750248').style.visibility = 'hidden';">
<span id="ghlink-concat-2-idm281471850750248" class="ghlink"><a href="https://github.com/erlang/otp/edit/maint/lib/stdlib/doc/src/string.xml#L694" title="Found an issue with the documentation? Fix it by clicking here!"><span class="pencil"></span></a></span>concat(String1, String2) -> String3</div><div class="REFBODY fun-types">
<h3 class="func-types-title">Types</h3>
<div class="REFTYPES rt-1"><span class="bold_code bc-2">String1 = String2 = String3 = string()</span></div>
<div class="REFTYPES rt-1"><span class="bold_code bc-2"></span></div>
<div class="REFTYPES rt-1"><span class="bold_code bc-2"></span></div>
</div></p>
<div class="REFBODY rb-7"><p>
<p>Concatenates <span class="code">String1</span> and
<span class="code">String2</span> to form a new string
<span class="code">String3</span>, which is returned.</p>
<p>
This function is <span class="bold_code bc-17"><a href="#oldapi">obsolete</a></span>.
Use <span class="code">[String1, String2]</span> as
<span class="code">Data</span> argument, and call
<span class="bold_code bc-15"><a href="unicode.html#characters_to_list-2"><span class="code">unicode:characters_to_list/2</span></a></span> or
<span class="bold_code bc-15"><a href="unicode.html#characters_to_binary-2"><span class="code">unicode:characters_to_binary/2</span></a></span>
to flatten the output.
</p>
</p></div>
<p><a name="copies-2"></a><div class="bold_code func-head" onMouseOver="document.getElementById('ghlink-copies-2-idm281471851308936').style.visibility = 'visible';" onMouseOut="document.getElementById('ghlink-copies-2-idm281471851308936').style.visibility = 'hidden';">
<span id="ghlink-copies-2-idm281471851308936" class="ghlink"><a href="https://github.com/erlang/otp/edit/maint/lib/stdlib/doc/src/string.xml#L714" title="Found an issue with the documentation? Fix it by clicking here!"><span class="pencil"></span></a></span>copies(String, Number) -> Copies</div><div class="REFBODY fun-types">
<h3 class="func-types-title">Types</h3>
<div class="REFTYPES rt-1"><span class="bold_code bc-2">String = Copies = string()</span></div>
<div class="REFTYPES rt-1"><span class="bold_code bc-2"></span></div>
<div class="REFTYPES rt-1"><span class="bold_code bc-2">Number = integer() >= 0</span></div>
</div></p>
<div class="REFBODY rb-7"><p>
<p>Returns a string containing <span class="code">String</span> repeated
<span class="code">Number</span> times.</p>
<p>This function is <span class="bold_code bc-17"><a href="#oldapi">obsolete</a></span>.
Use
<span class="bold_code bc-15"><a href="lists.html#duplicate-2"><span class="code">lists:duplicate/2</span></a></span>.</p>
</p></div>
<p><a name="cspan-2"></a><div class="bold_code func-head" onMouseOver="document.getElementById('ghlink-cspan-2-idm281471850587912').style.visibility = 'visible';" onMouseOut="document.getElementById('ghlink-cspan-2-idm281471850587912').style.visibility = 'hidden';">
<span id="ghlink-cspan-2-idm281471850587912" class="ghlink"><a href="https://github.com/erlang/otp/edit/maint/lib/stdlib/doc/src/string.xml#L726" title="Found an issue with the documentation? Fix it by clicking here!"><span class="pencil"></span></a></span>cspan(String, Chars) -> Length</div><div class="REFBODY fun-types">
<h3 class="func-types-title">Types</h3>
<div class="REFTYPES rt-1"><span class="bold_code bc-2">String = Chars = string()</span></div>
<div class="REFTYPES rt-1"><span class="bold_code bc-2"></span></div>
<div class="REFTYPES rt-1"><span class="bold_code bc-2">Length = integer() >= 0</span></div>
</div></p>
<div class="REFBODY rb-7"><p>
<p>Returns the length of the maximum initial segment of
<span class="code">String</span>, which consists entirely of characters
not from <span class="code">Chars</span>.</p>
<p>This function is <span class="bold_code bc-17"><a href="#oldapi">obsolete</a></span>.
Use
<span class="bold_code bc-17"><a href="#take-3"><span class="code">take/3</span></a></span>.</p>
<p><strong>Example:</strong></p>
<div class="example"><pre>> string:cspan("\t abcdef", " \t").
0</pre></div>
</p></div>
<p><a name="join-2"></a><div class="bold_code func-head" onMouseOver="document.getElementById('ghlink-join-2-idm281471850934504').style.visibility = 'visible';" onMouseOut="document.getElementById('ghlink-join-2-idm281471850934504').style.visibility = 'hidden';">
<span id="ghlink-join-2-idm281471850934504" class="ghlink"><a href="https://github.com/erlang/otp/edit/maint/lib/stdlib/doc/src/string.xml#L743" title="Found an issue with the documentation? Fix it by clicking here!"><span class="pencil"></span></a></span>join(StringList, Separator) -> String</div><div class="REFBODY fun-types">
<h3 class="func-types-title">Types</h3>
<div class="REFTYPES rt-1"><span class="bold_code bc-2">StringList = [string()]</span></div>
<div class="REFTYPES rt-1"><span class="bold_code bc-2">Separator = String = string()</span></div>
<div class="REFTYPES rt-1"><span class="bold_code bc-2"></span></div>
</div></p>
<div class="REFBODY rb-7"><p>
<p>Returns a string with the elements of <span class="code">StringList</span>
separated by the string in <span class="code">Separator</span>.</p>
<p>This function is <span class="bold_code bc-17"><a href="#oldapi">obsolete</a></span>.
Use
<span class="bold_code bc-15"><a href="lists.html#join-2"><span class="code">lists:join/2</span></a></span>.</p>
<p><strong>Example:</strong></p>
<div class="example"><pre>> join(["one", "two", "three"], ", ").
"one, two, three"</pre></div>
</p></div>
<p><a name="left-2"></a><div class="bold_code func-head" onMouseOver="document.getElementById('ghlink-left-2-idm281471852550440').style.visibility = 'visible';" onMouseOut="document.getElementById('ghlink-left-2-idm281471852550440').style.visibility = 'hidden';">
<span id="ghlink-left-2-idm281471852550440" class="ghlink"><a href="https://github.com/erlang/otp/edit/maint/lib/stdlib/doc/src/string.xml#L759" title="Found an issue with the documentation? Fix it by clicking here!"><span class="pencil"></span></a></span>left(String, Number) -> Left</div><a name="left-3"></a><div class="bold_code func-head" onMouseOver="document.getElementById('ghlink-left-3-idm281471851323608').style.visibility = 'visible';" onMouseOut="document.getElementById('ghlink-left-3-idm281471851323608').style.visibility = 'hidden';">
<span id="ghlink-left-3-idm281471851323608" class="ghlink"><a href="https://github.com/erlang/otp/edit/maint/lib/stdlib/doc/src/string.xml#L759" title="Found an issue with the documentation? Fix it by clicking here!"><span class="pencil"></span></a></span>left(String, Number, Character) -> Left</div><div class="REFBODY fun-types">
<h3 class="func-types-title">Types</h3>
<div class="REFTYPES rt-1"><span class="bold_code bc-2">String = Left = string()</span></div>
<div class="REFTYPES rt-1"><span class="bold_code bc-2"></span></div>
<div class="REFTYPES rt-1"><span class="bold_code bc-2">Number = integer() >= 0</span></div>
<div class="REFTYPES rt-1"><span class="bold_code bc-2">Character = char()</span></div>
</div></p>
<div class="REFBODY rb-7"><p>
<p>Returns <span class="code">String</span> with the length adjusted in
accordance with <span class="code">Number</span>. The left margin is
fixed. If <span class="code">length(String)</span> <
<span class="code">Number</span>, then <span class="code">String</span> is padded
with blanks or <span class="code">Character</span>s.</p>
<p>This function is <span class="bold_code bc-17"><a href="#oldapi">obsolete</a></span>.
Use
<span class="bold_code bc-17"><a href="#pad-2"><span class="code">pad/2</span></a></span> or
<span class="bold_code bc-17"><a href="#pad-3"><span class="code">pad/3</span></a></span>.</p>
<p><strong>Example:</strong></p>
<div class="example"><pre>> string:left("Hello",10,$.).
"Hello....."</pre></div>
</p></div>
<p><a name="len-1"></a><div class="bold_code func-head" onMouseOver="document.getElementById('ghlink-len-1-idm281471850663288').style.visibility = 'visible';" onMouseOut="document.getElementById('ghlink-len-1-idm281471850663288').style.visibility = 'hidden';">
<span id="ghlink-len-1-idm281471850663288" class="ghlink"><a href="https://github.com/erlang/otp/edit/maint/lib/stdlib/doc/src/string.xml#L780" title="Found an issue with the documentation? Fix it by clicking here!"><span class="pencil"></span></a></span>len(String) -> Length</div><div class="REFBODY fun-types">
<h3 class="func-types-title">Types</h3>
<div class="REFTYPES rt-1"><span class="bold_code bc-2">String = string()</span></div>
<div class="REFTYPES rt-1"><span class="bold_code bc-2">Length = integer() >= 0</span></div>
</div></p>
<div class="REFBODY rb-7"><p>
<p>Returns the number of characters in <span class="code">String</span>.</p>
<p>This function is <span class="bold_code bc-17"><a href="#oldapi">obsolete</a></span>.
Use
<span class="bold_code bc-17"><a href="#length-1"><span class="code">length/1</span></a></span>.</p>
</p></div>
<p><a name="rchr-2"></a><div class="bold_code func-head" onMouseOver="document.getElementById('ghlink-rchr-2-idm281471852333816').style.visibility = 'visible';" onMouseOut="document.getElementById('ghlink-rchr-2-idm281471852333816').style.visibility = 'hidden';">
<span id="ghlink-rchr-2-idm281471852333816" class="ghlink"><a href="https://github.com/erlang/otp/edit/maint/lib/stdlib/doc/src/string.xml#L791" title="Found an issue with the documentation? Fix it by clicking here!"><span class="pencil"></span></a></span>rchr(String, Character) -> Index</div><div class="REFBODY fun-types">
<h3 class="func-types-title">Types</h3>
<div class="REFTYPES rt-1"><span class="bold_code bc-2">String = string()</span></div>
<div class="REFTYPES rt-1"><span class="bold_code bc-2">Character = char()</span></div>
<div class="REFTYPES rt-1"><span class="bold_code bc-2">Index = integer() >= 0</span></div>
</div></p>
<div class="REFBODY rb-7"><p>
<p>Returns the index of the last occurrence of
<span class="code">Character</span> in <span class="code">String</span>. Returns
<span class="code">0</span> if <span class="code">Character</span> does not occur.</p>
<p>This function is <span class="bold_code bc-17"><a href="#oldapi">obsolete</a></span>.
Use
<span class="bold_code bc-17"><a href="#find-3"><span class="code">find/3</span></a></span>.</p>
</p></div>
<p><a name="right-2"></a><div class="bold_code func-head" onMouseOver="document.getElementById('ghlink-right-2-idm281471852579800').style.visibility = 'visible';" onMouseOut="document.getElementById('ghlink-right-2-idm281471852579800').style.visibility = 'hidden';">
<span id="ghlink-right-2-idm281471852579800" class="ghlink"><a href="https://github.com/erlang/otp/edit/maint/lib/stdlib/doc/src/string.xml#L805" title="Found an issue with the documentation? Fix it by clicking here!"><span class="pencil"></span></a></span>right(String, Number) -> Right</div><a name="right-3"></a><div class="bold_code func-head" onMouseOver="document.getElementById('ghlink-right-3-idm281471852575352').style.visibility = 'visible';" onMouseOut="document.getElementById('ghlink-right-3-idm281471852575352').style.visibility = 'hidden';">
<span id="ghlink-right-3-idm281471852575352" class="ghlink"><a href="https://github.com/erlang/otp/edit/maint/lib/stdlib/doc/src/string.xml#L805" title="Found an issue with the documentation? Fix it by clicking here!"><span class="pencil"></span></a></span>right(String, Number, Character) -> Right</div><div class="REFBODY fun-types">
<h3 class="func-types-title">Types</h3>
<div class="REFTYPES rt-1"><span class="bold_code bc-2">String = Right = string()</span></div>
<div class="REFTYPES rt-1"><span class="bold_code bc-2"></span></div>
<div class="REFTYPES rt-1"><span class="bold_code bc-2">Number = integer() >= 0</span></div>
<div class="REFTYPES rt-1"><span class="bold_code bc-2">Character = char()</span></div>
</div></p>
<div class="REFBODY rb-7"><p>
<p>Returns <span class="code">String</span> with the length adjusted in
accordance with <span class="code">Number</span>. The right margin is
fixed. If the length of <span class="code">(String)</span> <
<span class="code">Number</span>, then <span class="code">String</span> is padded
with blanks or <span class="code">Character</span>s.</p>
<p>This function is <span class="bold_code bc-17"><a href="#oldapi">obsolete</a></span>.
Use
<span class="bold_code bc-17"><a href="#pad-3"><span class="code">pad/3</span></a></span>.</p>
<p><strong>Example:</strong></p>
<div class="example"><pre>> string:right("Hello", 10, $.).
".....Hello"</pre></div>
</p></div>
<p><a name="rstr-2"></a><div class="bold_code func-head" onMouseOver="document.getElementById('ghlink-rstr-2-idm281471852244232').style.visibility = 'visible';" onMouseOut="document.getElementById('ghlink-rstr-2-idm281471852244232').style.visibility = 'hidden';">
<span id="ghlink-rstr-2-idm281471852244232" class="ghlink"><a href="https://github.com/erlang/otp/edit/maint/lib/stdlib/doc/src/string.xml#L825" title="Found an issue with the documentation? Fix it by clicking here!"><span class="pencil"></span></a></span>rstr(String, SubString) -> Index</div><div class="REFBODY fun-types">
<h3 class="func-types-title">Types</h3>
<div class="REFTYPES rt-1"><span class="bold_code bc-2">String = SubString = string()</span></div>
<div class="REFTYPES rt-1"><span class="bold_code bc-2"></span></div>
<div class="REFTYPES rt-1"><span class="bold_code bc-2">Index = integer() >= 0</span></div>
</div></p>
<div class="REFBODY rb-7"><p>
<p>Returns the position where the last occurrence of
<span class="code">SubString</span> begins in <span class="code">String</span>.
Returns <span class="code">0</span> if <span class="code">SubString</span>
does not exist in <span class="code">String</span>.</p>
<p>This function is <span class="bold_code bc-17"><a href="#oldapi">obsolete</a></span>.
Use
<span class="bold_code bc-17"><a href="#find-3"><span class="code">find/3</span></a></span>.</p>
<p><strong>Example:</strong></p>
<div class="example"><pre>> string:rstr(" Hello Hello World World ", "Hello World").
8</pre></div>
</p></div>
<p><a name="span-2"></a><div class="bold_code func-head" onMouseOver="document.getElementById('ghlink-span-2-idm281471853037896').style.visibility = 'visible';" onMouseOut="document.getElementById('ghlink-span-2-idm281471853037896').style.visibility = 'hidden';">
<span id="ghlink-span-2-idm281471853037896" class="ghlink"><a href="https://github.com/erlang/otp/edit/maint/lib/stdlib/doc/src/string.xml#L843" title="Found an issue with the documentation? Fix it by clicking here!"><span class="pencil"></span></a></span>span(String, Chars) -> Length</div><div class="REFBODY fun-types">
<h3 class="func-types-title">Types</h3>
<div class="REFTYPES rt-1"><span class="bold_code bc-2">String = Chars = string()</span></div>
<div class="REFTYPES rt-1"><span class="bold_code bc-2"></span></div>
<div class="REFTYPES rt-1"><span class="bold_code bc-2">Length = integer() >= 0</span></div>
</div></p>
<div class="REFBODY rb-7"><p>
<p>Returns the length of the maximum initial segment of
<span class="code">String</span>, which consists entirely of characters
from <span class="code">Chars</span>.</p>
<p>This function is <span class="bold_code bc-17"><a href="#oldapi">obsolete</a></span>.
Use
<span class="bold_code bc-17"><a href="#take-2"><span class="code">take/2</span></a></span>.</p>
<p><strong>Example:</strong></p>
<div class="example"><pre>> string:span("\t abcdef", " \t").
5</pre></div>
</p></div>
<p><a name="str-2"></a><div class="bold_code func-head" onMouseOver="document.getElementById('ghlink-str-2-idm281471850756584').style.visibility = 'visible';" onMouseOut="document.getElementById('ghlink-str-2-idm281471850756584').style.visibility = 'hidden';">
<span id="ghlink-str-2-idm281471850756584" class="ghlink"><a href="https://github.com/erlang/otp/edit/maint/lib/stdlib/doc/src/string.xml#L860" title="Found an issue with the documentation? Fix it by clicking here!"><span class="pencil"></span></a></span>str(String, SubString) -> Index</div><div class="REFBODY fun-types">
<h3 class="func-types-title">Types</h3>
<div class="REFTYPES rt-1"><span class="bold_code bc-2">String = SubString = string()</span></div>
<div class="REFTYPES rt-1"><span class="bold_code bc-2"></span></div>
<div class="REFTYPES rt-1"><span class="bold_code bc-2">Index = integer() >= 0</span></div>
</div></p>
<div class="REFBODY rb-7"><p>
<p>Returns the position where the first occurrence of
<span class="code">SubString</span> begins in <span class="code">String</span>.
Returns <span class="code">0</span> if <span class="code">SubString</span>
does not exist in <span class="code">String</span>.</p>
<p>This function is <span class="bold_code bc-17"><a href="#oldapi">obsolete</a></span>.
Use
<span class="bold_code bc-17"><a href="#find-2"><span class="code">find/2</span></a></span>.</p>
<p><strong>Example:</strong></p>
<div class="example"><pre>> string:str(" Hello Hello World World ", "Hello World").
8</pre></div>
</p></div>
<p><a name="strip-1"></a><div class="bold_code func-head" onMouseOver="document.getElementById('ghlink-strip-1-idm281471885783112').style.visibility = 'visible';" onMouseOut="document.getElementById('ghlink-strip-1-idm281471885783112').style.visibility = 'hidden';">
<span id="ghlink-strip-1-idm281471885783112" class="ghlink"><a href="https://github.com/erlang/otp/edit/maint/lib/stdlib/doc/src/string.xml#L878" title="Found an issue with the documentation? Fix it by clicking here!"><span class="pencil"></span></a></span>strip(String :: string()) -> string()</div><a name="strip-2"></a><div class="bold_code func-head" onMouseOver="document.getElementById('ghlink-strip-2-idm281471885782408').style.visibility = 'visible';" onMouseOut="document.getElementById('ghlink-strip-2-idm281471885782408').style.visibility = 'hidden';">
<span id="ghlink-strip-2-idm281471885782408" class="ghlink"><a href="https://github.com/erlang/otp/edit/maint/lib/stdlib/doc/src/string.xml#L878" title="Found an issue with the documentation? Fix it by clicking here!"><span class="pencil"></span></a></span>strip(String, Direction) -> Stripped</div><a name="strip-3"></a><div class="bold_code func-head" onMouseOver="document.getElementById('ghlink-strip-3-idm281471852562408').style.visibility = 'visible';" onMouseOut="document.getElementById('ghlink-strip-3-idm281471852562408').style.visibility = 'hidden';">
<span id="ghlink-strip-3-idm281471852562408" class="ghlink"><a href="https://github.com/erlang/otp/edit/maint/lib/stdlib/doc/src/string.xml#L878" title="Found an issue with the documentation? Fix it by clicking here!"><span class="pencil"></span></a></span>strip(String, Direction, Character) -> Stripped</div><div class="REFBODY fun-types">
<h3 class="func-types-title">Types</h3>
<div class="REFTYPES rt-1"><span class="bold_code bc-2">String = Stripped = string()</span></div>
<div class="REFTYPES rt-1"><span class="bold_code bc-2"></span></div>
<div class="REFTYPES rt-1"><span class="bold_code bc-2">Direction = left | right | both</span></div>
<div class="REFTYPES rt-1"><span class="bold_code bc-2">Character = char()</span></div>
</div></p>
<div class="REFBODY rb-7"><p>
<p>Returns a string, where leading or trailing, or both, blanks or a
number of <span class="code">Character</span> have been removed.
<span class="code">Direction</span>, which can be <span class="code">left</span>, <span class="code">right</span>,
or <span class="code">both</span>, indicates from which direction blanks are to be
removed. <span class="code">strip/1</span> is equivalent to
<span class="code">strip(String, both)</span>.</p>
<p>This function is <span class="bold_code bc-17"><a href="#oldapi">obsolete</a></span>.
Use
<span class="bold_code bc-17"><a href="#trim-3"><span class="code">trim/3</span></a></span>.</p>
<p><strong>Example:</strong></p>
<div class="example"><pre>> string:strip("...Hello.....", both, $.).
"Hello"</pre></div>
</p></div>
<p><a name="sub_string-2"></a><div class="bold_code func-head" onMouseOver="document.getElementById('ghlink-sub_string-2-idm281471851919736').style.visibility = 'visible';" onMouseOut="document.getElementById('ghlink-sub_string-2-idm281471851919736').style.visibility = 'hidden';">
<span id="ghlink-sub_string-2-idm281471851919736" class="ghlink"><a href="https://github.com/erlang/otp/edit/maint/lib/stdlib/doc/src/string.xml#L900" title="Found an issue with the documentation? Fix it by clicking here!"><span class="pencil"></span></a></span>sub_string(String, Start) -> SubString</div><a name="sub_string-3"></a><div class="bold_code func-head" onMouseOver="document.getElementById('ghlink-sub_string-3-idm281471852729560').style.visibility = 'visible';" onMouseOut="document.getElementById('ghlink-sub_string-3-idm281471852729560').style.visibility = 'hidden';">
<span id="ghlink-sub_string-3-idm281471852729560" class="ghlink"><a href="https://github.com/erlang/otp/edit/maint/lib/stdlib/doc/src/string.xml#L900" title="Found an issue with the documentation? Fix it by clicking here!"><span class="pencil"></span></a></span>sub_string(String, Start, Stop) -> SubString</div><div class="REFBODY fun-types">
<h3 class="func-types-title">Types</h3>
<div class="REFTYPES rt-1"><span class="bold_code bc-2">String = SubString = string()</span></div>
<div class="REFTYPES rt-1"><span class="bold_code bc-2"></span></div>
<div class="REFTYPES rt-1"><span class="bold_code bc-2">Start = Stop = integer() >= 1</span></div>
<div class="REFTYPES rt-1"><span class="bold_code bc-2"></span></div>
</div></p>
<div class="REFBODY rb-7"><p>
<p>Returns a substring of <span class="code">String</span>, starting at
position <span class="code">Start</span> to the end of the string, or to
and including position <span class="code">Stop</span>.</p>
<p>This function is <span class="bold_code bc-17"><a href="#oldapi">obsolete</a></span>.
Use
<span class="bold_code bc-17"><a href="#slice-3"><span class="code">slice/3</span></a></span>.</p>
<p><strong>Example:</strong></p>
<div class="example"><pre>sub_string("Hello World", 4, 8).
"lo Wo"</pre></div>
</p></div>
<p><a name="substr-2"></a><div class="bold_code func-head" onMouseOver="document.getElementById('ghlink-substr-2-idm281471852141464').style.visibility = 'visible';" onMouseOut="document.getElementById('ghlink-substr-2-idm281471852141464').style.visibility = 'hidden';">
<span id="ghlink-substr-2-idm281471852141464" class="ghlink"><a href="https://github.com/erlang/otp/edit/maint/lib/stdlib/doc/src/string.xml#L918" title="Found an issue with the documentation? Fix it by clicking here!"><span class="pencil"></span></a></span>substr(String, Start) -> SubString</div><a name="substr-3"></a><div class="bold_code func-head" onMouseOver="document.getElementById('ghlink-substr-3-idm281471852137016').style.visibility = 'visible';" onMouseOut="document.getElementById('ghlink-substr-3-idm281471852137016').style.visibility = 'hidden';">
<span id="ghlink-substr-3-idm281471852137016" class="ghlink"><a href="https://github.com/erlang/otp/edit/maint/lib/stdlib/doc/src/string.xml#L918" title="Found an issue with the documentation? Fix it by clicking here!"><span class="pencil"></span></a></span>substr(String, Start, Length) -> SubString</div><div class="REFBODY fun-types">
<h3 class="func-types-title">Types</h3>
<div class="REFTYPES rt-1"><span class="bold_code bc-2">String = SubString = string()</span></div>
<div class="REFTYPES rt-1"><span class="bold_code bc-2"></span></div>
<div class="REFTYPES rt-1"><span class="bold_code bc-2">Start = integer() >= 1</span></div>
<div class="REFTYPES rt-1"><span class="bold_code bc-2">Length = integer() >= 0</span></div>
</div></p>
<div class="REFBODY rb-7"><p>
<p>Returns a substring of <span class="code">String</span>, starting at
position <span class="code">Start</span>, and ending at the end of the
string or at length <span class="code">Length</span>.</p>
<p>This function is <span class="bold_code bc-17"><a href="#oldapi">obsolete</a></span>.
Use
<span class="bold_code bc-17"><a href="#slice-3"><span class="code">slice/3</span></a></span>.</p>
<p><strong>Example:</strong></p>
<div class="example"><pre>> substr("Hello World", 4, 5).
"lo Wo"</pre></div>
</p></div>
<p><a name="sub_word-2"></a><div class="bold_code func-head" onMouseOver="document.getElementById('ghlink-sub_word-2-idm281471850601384').style.visibility = 'visible';" onMouseOut="document.getElementById('ghlink-sub_word-2-idm281471850601384').style.visibility = 'hidden';">
<span id="ghlink-sub_word-2-idm281471850601384" class="ghlink"><a href="https://github.com/erlang/otp/edit/maint/lib/stdlib/doc/src/string.xml#L936" title="Found an issue with the documentation? Fix it by clicking here!"><span class="pencil"></span></a></span>sub_word(String, Number) -> Word</div><a name="sub_word-3"></a><div class="bold_code func-head" onMouseOver="document.getElementById('ghlink-sub_word-3-idm281471851262392').style.visibility = 'visible';" onMouseOut="document.getElementById('ghlink-sub_word-3-idm281471851262392').style.visibility = 'hidden';">
<span id="ghlink-sub_word-3-idm281471851262392" class="ghlink"><a href="https://github.com/erlang/otp/edit/maint/lib/stdlib/doc/src/string.xml#L936" title="Found an issue with the documentation? Fix it by clicking here!"><span class="pencil"></span></a></span>sub_word(String, Number, Character) -> Word</div><div class="REFBODY fun-types">
<h3 class="func-types-title">Types</h3>
<div class="REFTYPES rt-1"><span class="bold_code bc-2">String = Word = string()</span></div>
<div class="REFTYPES rt-1"><span class="bold_code bc-2"></span></div>
<div class="REFTYPES rt-1"><span class="bold_code bc-2">Number = integer()</span></div>
<div class="REFTYPES rt-1"><span class="bold_code bc-2">Character = char()</span></div>
</div></p>
<div class="REFBODY rb-7"><p>
<p>Returns the word in position <span class="code">Number</span> of
<span class="code">String</span>. Words are separated by blanks or
<span class="code">Character</span>s.</p>
<p>This function is <span class="bold_code bc-17"><a href="#oldapi">obsolete</a></span>.
Use
<span class="bold_code bc-17"><a href="#nth_lexeme-3"><span class="code">nth_lexeme/3</span></a></span>.</p>
<p><strong>Example:</strong></p>
<div class="example"><pre>> string:sub_word(" Hello old boy !",3,$o).
"ld b"</pre></div>
</p></div>
<p><a name="to_lower-1"></a><div class="bold_code func-head" onMouseOver="document.getElementById('ghlink-to_lower-1-idm281471851476376').style.visibility = 'visible';" onMouseOut="document.getElementById('ghlink-to_lower-1-idm281471851476376').style.visibility = 'hidden';">
<span id="ghlink-to_lower-1-idm281471851476376" class="ghlink"><a href="https://github.com/erlang/otp/edit/maint/lib/stdlib/doc/src/string.xml#L954" title="Found an issue with the documentation? Fix it by clicking here!"><span class="pencil"></span></a></span>to_lower(String) -> Result</div><div class="bold_code func-head" onMouseOver="document.getElementById('ghlink-to_lower-1-idm281471851472680').style.visibility = 'visible';" onMouseOut="document.getElementById('ghlink-to_lower-1-idm281471851472680').style.visibility = 'hidden';">
<span id="ghlink-to_lower-1-idm281471851472680" class="ghlink"><a href="https://github.com/erlang/otp/edit/maint/lib/stdlib/doc/src/string.xml#L954" title="Found an issue with the documentation? Fix it by clicking here!"><span class="pencil"></span></a></span>to_lower(Char) -> CharResult</div><a name="to_upper-1"></a><div class="bold_code func-head" onMouseOver="document.getElementById('ghlink-to_upper-1-idm281471851476248').style.visibility = 'visible';" onMouseOut="document.getElementById('ghlink-to_upper-1-idm281471851476248').style.visibility = 'hidden';">
<span id="ghlink-to_upper-1-idm281471851476248" class="ghlink"><a href="https://github.com/erlang/otp/edit/maint/lib/stdlib/doc/src/string.xml#L954" title="Found an issue with the documentation? Fix it by clicking here!"><span class="pencil"></span></a></span>to_upper(String) -> Result</div><div class="bold_code func-head" onMouseOver="document.getElementById('ghlink-to_upper-1-idm281471851626728').style.visibility = 'visible';" onMouseOut="document.getElementById('ghlink-to_upper-1-idm281471851626728').style.visibility = 'hidden';">
<span id="ghlink-to_upper-1-idm281471851626728" class="ghlink"><a href="https://github.com/erlang/otp/edit/maint/lib/stdlib/doc/src/string.xml#L954" title="Found an issue with the documentation? Fix it by clicking here!"><span class="pencil"></span></a></span>to_upper(Char) -> CharResult</div><div class="REFBODY fun-types">
<h3 class="func-types-title">Types</h3>
<div class="REFTYPES rt-1"><span class="bold_code bc-2">String = Result = <span class="bold_code bc-15"><a href="io_lib.html#type-latin1_string">io_lib:latin1_string()</a></span></span></div>
<div class="REFTYPES rt-1"><span class="bold_code bc-2"></span></div>
<div class="REFTYPES rt-1"><span class="bold_code bc-2">Char = CharResult = char()</span></div>
<div class="REFTYPES rt-1"><span class="bold_code bc-2"></span></div>
</div></p>
<div class="REFBODY rb-7"><p>
<p>The specified string or character is case-converted. Notice that
the supported character set is ISO/IEC 8859-1 (also called Latin 1);
all values outside this set are unchanged</p>
<p>This function is <span class="bold_code bc-17"><a href="#oldapi">obsolete</a></span> use
<span class="bold_code bc-17"><a href="#lowercase-1"><span class="code">lowercase/1</span></a></span>,
<span class="bold_code bc-17"><a href="#uppercase-1"><span class="code">uppercase/1</span></a></span>,
<span class="bold_code bc-17"><a href="#titlecase-1"><span class="code">titlecase/1</span></a></span> or
<span class="bold_code bc-17"><a href="#casefold-1"><span class="code">casefold/1</span></a></span>.</p>
</p></div>
<p><a name="tokens-2"></a><div class="bold_code func-head" onMouseOver="document.getElementById('ghlink-tokens-2-idm281471851477272').style.visibility = 'visible';" onMouseOut="document.getElementById('ghlink-tokens-2-idm281471851477272').style.visibility = 'hidden';">
<span id="ghlink-tokens-2-idm281471851477272" class="ghlink"><a href="https://github.com/erlang/otp/edit/maint/lib/stdlib/doc/src/string.xml#L976" title="Found an issue with the documentation? Fix it by clicking here!"><span class="pencil"></span></a></span>tokens(String, SeparatorList) -> Tokens</div><div class="REFBODY fun-types">
<h3 class="func-types-title">Types</h3>
<div class="REFTYPES rt-1"><span class="bold_code bc-2">String = SeparatorList = string()</span></div>
<div class="REFTYPES rt-1"><span class="bold_code bc-2"></span></div>
<div class="REFTYPES rt-1"><span class="bold_code bc-2">Tokens = [Token :: nonempty_string()]</span></div>
</div></p>
<div class="REFBODY rb-7"><p>
<p>Returns a list of tokens in <span class="code">String</span>, separated
by the characters in <span class="code">SeparatorList</span>.</p>
<p><strong>Example:</strong></p>
<div class="example"><pre>> tokens("abc defxxghix jkl", "x ").
["abc", "def", "ghi", "jkl"]</pre></div>
<p>Notice that, as shown in this example, two or more
adjacent separator characters in <span class="code">String</span>
are treated as one. That is, there are no empty
strings in the resulting list of tokens.</p>
<p>This function is <span class="bold_code bc-17"><a href="#oldapi">obsolete</a></span>.
Use
<span class="bold_code bc-17"><a href="#lexemes-2"><span class="code">lexemes/2</span></a></span>.</p>
</p></div>
<p><a name="words-1"></a><div class="bold_code func-head" onMouseOver="document.getElementById('ghlink-words-1-idm281471851448232').style.visibility = 'visible';" onMouseOut="document.getElementById('ghlink-words-1-idm281471851448232').style.visibility = 'hidden';">
<span id="ghlink-words-1-idm281471851448232" class="ghlink"><a href="https://github.com/erlang/otp/edit/maint/lib/stdlib/doc/src/string.xml#L996" title="Found an issue with the documentation? Fix it by clicking here!"><span class="pencil"></span></a></span>words(String) -> Count</div><a name="words-2"></a><div class="bold_code func-head" onMouseOver="document.getElementById('ghlink-words-2-idm281471851444872').style.visibility = 'visible';" onMouseOut="document.getElementById('ghlink-words-2-idm281471851444872').style.visibility = 'hidden';">
<span id="ghlink-words-2-idm281471851444872" class="ghlink"><a href="https://github.com/erlang/otp/edit/maint/lib/stdlib/doc/src/string.xml#L996" title="Found an issue with the documentation? Fix it by clicking here!"><span class="pencil"></span></a></span>words(String, Character) -> Count</div><div class="REFBODY fun-types">
<h3 class="func-types-title">Types</h3>
<div class="REFTYPES rt-1"><span class="bold_code bc-2">String = string()</span></div>
<div class="REFTYPES rt-1"><span class="bold_code bc-2">Character = char()</span></div>
<div class="REFTYPES rt-1"><span class="bold_code bc-2">Count = integer() >= 1</span></div>
</div></p>
<div class="REFBODY rb-7"><p>
<p>Returns the number of words in <span class="code">String</span>, separated
by blanks or <span class="code">Character</span>.</p>
<p>This function is <span class="bold_code bc-17"><a href="#oldapi">obsolete</a></span>.
Use
<span class="bold_code bc-17"><a href="#lexemes-2"><span class="code">lexemes/2</span></a></span>.</p>
<p><strong>Example:</strong></p>
<div class="example"><pre>> words(" Hello old boy!", $o).
4</pre></div>
</p></div>
</div>
<h3><span onMouseOver="document.getElementById('ghlink-notes-idm281471859776616').style.visibility = 'visible';" onMouseOut="document.getElementById('ghlink-notes-idm281471859776616').style.visibility = 'hidden';"><span id="ghlink-notes-idm281471859776616" class="ghlink"><a href="https://github.com/erlang/otp/edit/maint/lib/stdlib/doc/src/string.xml#L1014" title="Found an issue with the documentation? Fix it by clicking here!"><span class="pencil"></span></a></span><a class="title_link" name="notes" href="#notes">Notes</a></span></h3>
<div class="REFBODY rb-3">
<p>Some of the general string functions can seem to overlap each
other. The reason is that this string package is the
combination of two earlier packages and all functions of
both packages have been retained.</p>
</div>
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