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<h1>Source code for PIL.ImageOps</h1><div class="highlight"><pre>
<span></span><span class="c1">#</span>
<span class="c1"># The Python Imaging Library.</span>
<span class="c1"># $Id$</span>
<span class="c1">#</span>
<span class="c1"># standard image operations</span>
<span class="c1">#</span>
<span class="c1"># History:</span>
<span class="c1"># 2001-10-20 fl Created</span>
<span class="c1"># 2001-10-23 fl Added autocontrast operator</span>
<span class="c1"># 2001-12-18 fl Added Kevin's fit operator</span>
<span class="c1"># 2004-03-14 fl Fixed potential division by zero in equalize</span>
<span class="c1"># 2005-05-05 fl Fixed equalize for low number of values</span>
<span class="c1">#</span>
<span class="c1"># Copyright (c) 2001-2004 by Secret Labs AB</span>
<span class="c1"># Copyright (c) 2001-2004 by Fredrik Lundh</span>
<span class="c1">#</span>
<span class="c1"># See the README file for information on usage and redistribution.</span>
<span class="c1">#</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">.</span> <span class="k">import</span> <span class="n">Image</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">._util</span> <span class="k">import</span> <span class="n">isStringType</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">operator</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">functools</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">warnings</span>
<span class="c1">#</span>
<span class="c1"># helpers</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">_border</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">border</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">isinstance</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">border</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">tuple</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">border</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">left</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">top</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">right</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">bottom</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">border</span>
<span class="k">elif</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">border</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">left</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">top</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">right</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">bottom</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">border</span>
<span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">left</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">top</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">right</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">bottom</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">border</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">left</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">top</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">right</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">bottom</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">_color</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">color</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">mode</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">isStringType</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">color</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">.</span> <span class="k">import</span> <span class="n">ImageColor</span>
<span class="n">color</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ImageColor</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">getcolor</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">color</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">mode</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">color</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">_lut</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">image</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">lut</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">image</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">mode</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s2">"P"</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="c1"># FIXME: apply to lookup table, not image data</span>
<span class="k">raise</span> <span class="ne">NotImplementedError</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"mode P support coming soon"</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">elif</span> <span class="n">image</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">mode</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"L"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">"RGB"</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">image</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">mode</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s2">"RGB"</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">lut</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">256</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">lut</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">lut</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">lut</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">lut</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">image</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">point</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">lut</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">raise</span> <span class="ne">IOError</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"not supported for this image mode"</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1">#</span>
<span class="c1"># actions</span>
<div class="viewcode-block" id="autocontrast"><a class="viewcode-back" href="../../reference/ImageOps.html#PIL.ImageOps.autocontrast">[docs]</a><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">autocontrast</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">image</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">cutoff</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ignore</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sd">"""</span>
<span class="sd"> Maximize (normalize) image contrast. This function calculates a</span>
<span class="sd"> histogram of the input image, removes **cutoff** percent of the</span>
<span class="sd"> lightest and darkest pixels from the histogram, and remaps the image</span>
<span class="sd"> so that the darkest pixel becomes black (0), and the lightest</span>
<span class="sd"> becomes white (255).</span>
<span class="sd"> :param image: The image to process.</span>
<span class="sd"> :param cutoff: How many percent to cut off from the histogram.</span>
<span class="sd"> :param ignore: The background pixel value (use None for no background).</span>
<span class="sd"> :return: An image.</span>
<span class="sd"> """</span>
<span class="n">histogram</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">image</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">histogram</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">lut</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">layer</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">histogram</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="mi">256</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">h</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">histogram</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">layer</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">layer</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">256</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">ignore</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="c1"># get rid of outliers</span>
<span class="k">try</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">h</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">ignore</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
<span class="k">except</span> <span class="ne">TypeError</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="c1"># assume sequence</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">ix</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">ignore</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">h</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">ix</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">cutoff</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="c1"># cut off pixels from both ends of the histogram</span>
<span class="c1"># get number of pixels</span>
<span class="n">n</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">ix</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">256</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">n</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">n</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">h</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">ix</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="c1"># remove cutoff% pixels from the low end</span>
<span class="n">cut</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">n</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">cutoff</span> <span class="o">//</span> <span class="mi">100</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">lo</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">256</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">cut</span> <span class="o">></span> <span class="n">h</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">lo</span><span class="p">]:</span>
<span class="n">cut</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">cut</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">h</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">lo</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="n">h</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">lo</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
<span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">h</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">lo</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">-=</span> <span class="n">cut</span>
<span class="n">cut</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">cut</span> <span class="o"><=</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">break</span>
<span class="c1"># remove cutoff% samples from the hi end</span>
<span class="n">cut</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">n</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">cutoff</span> <span class="o">//</span> <span class="mi">100</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">hi</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">255</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">cut</span> <span class="o">></span> <span class="n">h</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">hi</span><span class="p">]:</span>
<span class="n">cut</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">cut</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">h</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">hi</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="n">h</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">hi</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
<span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">h</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">hi</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">-=</span> <span class="n">cut</span>
<span class="n">cut</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">cut</span> <span class="o"><=</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">break</span>
<span class="c1"># find lowest/highest samples after preprocessing</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">lo</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">256</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">h</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">lo</span><span class="p">]:</span>
<span class="k">break</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">hi</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">255</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">h</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">hi</span><span class="p">]:</span>
<span class="k">break</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">hi</span> <span class="o"><=</span> <span class="n">lo</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="c1"># don't bother</span>
<span class="n">lut</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">extend</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">256</span><span class="p">)))</span>
<span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">scale</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mf">255.0</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hi</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">lo</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">offset</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="n">lo</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">scale</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">ix</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">256</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">ix</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ix</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">scale</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">offset</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">ix</span> <span class="o"><</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">ix</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
<span class="k">elif</span> <span class="n">ix</span> <span class="o">></span> <span class="mi">255</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">ix</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">255</span>
<span class="n">lut</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ix</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">_lut</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">image</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">lut</span><span class="p">)</span></div>
<div class="viewcode-block" id="colorize"><a class="viewcode-back" href="../../reference/ImageOps.html#PIL.ImageOps.colorize">[docs]</a><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">colorize</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">image</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">black</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">white</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">mid</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">blackpoint</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">whitepoint</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">255</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">midpoint</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">127</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sd">"""</span>
<span class="sd"> Colorize grayscale image.</span>
<span class="sd"> This function calculates a color wedge which maps all black pixels in</span>
<span class="sd"> the source image to the first color and all white pixels to the</span>
<span class="sd"> second color. If **mid** is specified, it uses three-color mapping.</span>
<span class="sd"> The **black** and **white** arguments should be RGB tuples or color names;</span>
<span class="sd"> optionally you can use three-color mapping by also specifying **mid**.</span>
<span class="sd"> Mapping positions for any of the colors can be specified</span>
<span class="sd"> (e.g. **blackpoint**), where these parameters are the integer</span>
<span class="sd"> value corresponding to where the corresponding color should be mapped.</span>
<span class="sd"> These parameters must have logical order, such that</span>
<span class="sd"> **blackpoint** <= **midpoint** <= **whitepoint** (if **mid** is specified).</span>
<span class="sd"> :param image: The image to colorize.</span>
<span class="sd"> :param black: The color to use for black input pixels.</span>
<span class="sd"> :param white: The color to use for white input pixels.</span>
<span class="sd"> :param mid: The color to use for midtone input pixels.</span>
<span class="sd"> :param blackpoint: an int value [0, 255] for the black mapping.</span>
<span class="sd"> :param whitepoint: an int value [0, 255] for the white mapping.</span>
<span class="sd"> :param midpoint: an int value [0, 255] for the midtone mapping.</span>
<span class="sd"> :return: An image.</span>
<span class="sd"> """</span>
<span class="c1"># Initial asserts</span>
<span class="k">assert</span> <span class="n">image</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">mode</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s2">"L"</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">mid</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">assert</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="o"><=</span> <span class="n">blackpoint</span> <span class="o"><=</span> <span class="n">whitepoint</span> <span class="o"><=</span> <span class="mi">255</span>
<span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">assert</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="o"><=</span> <span class="n">blackpoint</span> <span class="o"><=</span> <span class="n">midpoint</span> <span class="o"><=</span> <span class="n">whitepoint</span> <span class="o"><=</span> <span class="mi">255</span>
<span class="c1"># Define colors from arguments</span>
<span class="n">black</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">_color</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">black</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">"RGB"</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">white</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">_color</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">white</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">"RGB"</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">mid</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">mid</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">_color</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">mid</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">"RGB"</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1"># Empty lists for the mapping</span>
<span class="n">red</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
<span class="n">green</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
<span class="n">blue</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
<span class="c1"># Create the low-end values</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">blackpoint</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">red</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">black</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="n">green</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">black</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="n">blue</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">black</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="c1"># Create the mapping (2-color)</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">mid</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">range_map</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">whitepoint</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">blackpoint</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">range_map</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">red</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">black</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">white</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">black</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">])</span> <span class="o">//</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">range_map</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="n">green</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">black</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">white</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">black</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">])</span> <span class="o">//</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">range_map</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="n">blue</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">black</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">white</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">black</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">])</span> <span class="o">//</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">range_map</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="c1"># Create the mapping (3-color)</span>
<span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">range_map1</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">midpoint</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">blackpoint</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">range_map2</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">whitepoint</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">midpoint</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">range_map1</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">red</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">black</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">mid</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">black</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">])</span> <span class="o">//</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">range_map1</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="n">green</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">black</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">mid</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">black</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">])</span> <span class="o">//</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">range_map1</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="n">blue</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">black</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">mid</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">black</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">])</span> <span class="o">//</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">range_map1</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">range_map2</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">red</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">mid</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">white</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">mid</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">])</span> <span class="o">//</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">range_map2</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="n">green</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">mid</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">white</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">mid</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">])</span> <span class="o">//</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">range_map2</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="n">blue</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">mid</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">white</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">mid</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">])</span> <span class="o">//</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">range_map2</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="c1"># Create the high-end values</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">256</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">whitepoint</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">red</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">white</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="n">green</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">white</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="n">blue</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">white</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="c1"># Return converted image</span>
<span class="n">image</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">image</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">convert</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"RGB"</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">_lut</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">image</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">red</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">green</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">blue</span><span class="p">)</span></div>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">pad</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">image</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">size</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">method</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">Image</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">NEAREST</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">color</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">centering</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0.5</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.5</span><span class="p">)):</span>
<span class="sd">"""</span>
<span class="sd"> Returns a sized and padded version of the image, expanded to fill the</span>
<span class="sd"> requested aspect ratio and size.</span>
<span class="sd"> :param image: The image to size and crop.</span>
<span class="sd"> :param size: The requested output size in pixels, given as a</span>
<span class="sd"> (width, height) tuple.</span>
<span class="sd"> :param method: What resampling method to use. Default is</span>
<span class="sd"> :py:attr:`PIL.Image.NEAREST`.</span>
<span class="sd"> :param color: The background color of the padded image.</span>
<span class="sd"> :param centering: Control the position of the original image within the</span>
<span class="sd"> padded version.</span>
<span class="sd"> (0.5, 0.5) will keep the image centered</span>
<span class="sd"> (0, 0) will keep the image aligned to the top left</span>
<span class="sd"> (1, 1) will keep the image aligned to the bottom</span>
<span class="sd"> right</span>
<span class="sd"> :return: An image.</span>
<span class="sd"> """</span>
<span class="n">im_ratio</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">image</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">width</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="n">image</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">height</span>
<span class="n">dest_ratio</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">float</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">])</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="n">size</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">im_ratio</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">dest_ratio</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">out</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">image</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">resize</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">resample</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">method</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">out</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Image</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">new</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">image</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">mode</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">size</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">color</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">im_ratio</span> <span class="o">></span> <span class="n">dest_ratio</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">new_height</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">image</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">height</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="n">image</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">width</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">size</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">new_height</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="n">size</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]:</span>
<span class="n">image</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">image</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">resize</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">new_height</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">resample</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">method</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">y</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">new_height</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="nb">max</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">min</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">centering</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)))</span>
<span class="n">out</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">paste</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">image</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">y</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">new_width</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">image</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">width</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="n">image</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">height</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">size</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">new_width</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="n">size</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]:</span>
<span class="n">image</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">image</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">resize</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="n">new_width</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">size</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]),</span> <span class="n">resample</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">method</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">new_width</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="nb">max</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">min</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">centering</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)))</span>
<span class="n">out</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">paste</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">image</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">out</span>
<div class="viewcode-block" id="crop"><a class="viewcode-back" href="../../reference/ImageOps.html#PIL.ImageOps.crop">[docs]</a><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">crop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">image</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">border</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sd">"""</span>
<span class="sd"> Remove border from image. The same amount of pixels are removed</span>
<span class="sd"> from all four sides. This function works on all image modes.</span>
<span class="sd"> .. seealso:: :py:meth:`~PIL.Image.Image.crop`</span>
<span class="sd"> :param image: The image to crop.</span>
<span class="sd"> :param border: The number of pixels to remove.</span>
<span class="sd"> :return: An image.</span>
<span class="sd"> """</span>
<span class="n">left</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">top</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">right</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">bottom</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">_border</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">border</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">image</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">crop</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="p">(</span><span class="n">left</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">top</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">image</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">right</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">image</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">bottom</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">)</span></div>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">scale</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">image</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">factor</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">resample</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">Image</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">NEAREST</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sd">"""</span>
<span class="sd"> Returns a rescaled image by a specific factor given in parameter.</span>
<span class="sd"> A factor greater than 1 expands the image, between 0 and 1 contracts the</span>
<span class="sd"> image.</span>
<span class="sd"> :param image: The image to rescale.</span>
<span class="sd"> :param factor: The expansion factor, as a float.</span>
<span class="sd"> :param resample: An optional resampling filter. Same values possible as</span>
<span class="sd"> in the PIL.Image.resize function.</span>
<span class="sd"> :returns: An :py:class:`~PIL.Image.Image` object.</span>
<span class="sd"> """</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">factor</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">image</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">copy</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="k">elif</span> <span class="n">factor</span> <span class="o"><=</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">raise</span> <span class="ne">ValueError</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"the factor must be greater than 0"</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">size</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">round</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">factor</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">image</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">width</span><span class="p">)),</span>
<span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">round</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">factor</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">image</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">height</span><span class="p">)))</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">image</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">resize</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">resample</span><span class="p">)</span>
<div class="viewcode-block" id="deform"><a class="viewcode-back" href="../../reference/ImageOps.html#PIL.ImageOps.deform">[docs]</a><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">deform</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">image</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">deformer</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">resample</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">Image</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">BILINEAR</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sd">"""</span>
<span class="sd"> Deform the image.</span>
<span class="sd"> :param image: The image to deform.</span>
<span class="sd"> :param deformer: A deformer object. Any object that implements a</span>
<span class="sd"> **getmesh** method can be used.</span>
<span class="sd"> :param resample: An optional resampling filter. Same values possible as</span>
<span class="sd"> in the PIL.Image.transform function.</span>
<span class="sd"> :return: An image.</span>
<span class="sd"> """</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">image</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">transform</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="n">image</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Image</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">MESH</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">deformer</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">getmesh</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">image</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">resample</span>
<span class="p">)</span></div>
<div class="viewcode-block" id="equalize"><a class="viewcode-back" href="../../reference/ImageOps.html#PIL.ImageOps.equalize">[docs]</a><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">equalize</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">image</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">mask</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sd">"""</span>
<span class="sd"> Equalize the image histogram. This function applies a non-linear</span>
<span class="sd"> mapping to the input image, in order to create a uniform</span>
<span class="sd"> distribution of grayscale values in the output image.</span>
<span class="sd"> :param image: The image to equalize.</span>
<span class="sd"> :param mask: An optional mask. If given, only the pixels selected by</span>
<span class="sd"> the mask are included in the analysis.</span>
<span class="sd"> :return: An image.</span>
<span class="sd"> """</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">image</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">mode</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s2">"P"</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">image</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">image</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">convert</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"RGB"</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">h</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">image</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">histogram</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">mask</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">lut</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">b</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">h</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="mi">256</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">histo</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">_f</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">_f</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">h</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">b</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">b</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">256</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">_f</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">histo</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o"><=</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">lut</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">extend</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">256</span><span class="p">)))</span>
<span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">step</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">functools</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">reduce</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">operator</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">histo</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">histo</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">])</span> <span class="o">//</span> <span class="mi">255</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="n">step</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">lut</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">extend</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">256</span><span class="p">)))</span>
<span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">n</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">step</span> <span class="o">//</span> <span class="mi">2</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">256</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">lut</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span> <span class="o">//</span> <span class="n">step</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">n</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">n</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">h</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="n">b</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">_lut</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">image</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">lut</span><span class="p">)</span></div>
<div class="viewcode-block" id="expand"><a class="viewcode-back" href="../../reference/ImageOps.html#PIL.ImageOps.expand">[docs]</a><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">expand</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">image</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">border</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">fill</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sd">"""</span>
<span class="sd"> Add border to the image</span>
<span class="sd"> :param image: The image to expand.</span>
<span class="sd"> :param border: Border width, in pixels.</span>
<span class="sd"> :param fill: Pixel fill value (a color value). Default is 0 (black).</span>
<span class="sd"> :return: An image.</span>
<span class="sd"> """</span>
<span class="n">left</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">top</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">right</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">bottom</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">_border</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">border</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">width</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">left</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">image</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">right</span>
<span class="n">height</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">top</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">image</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">bottom</span>
<span class="n">out</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Image</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">new</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">image</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">mode</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">width</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">height</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">_color</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fill</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">image</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">mode</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="n">out</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">paste</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">image</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">left</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">top</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">out</span></div>
<div class="viewcode-block" id="fit"><a class="viewcode-back" href="../../reference/ImageOps.html#PIL.ImageOps.fit">[docs]</a><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">fit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">image</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">size</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">method</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">Image</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">NEAREST</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">bleed</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mf">0.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">centering</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0.5</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.5</span><span class="p">)):</span>
<span class="sd">"""</span>
<span class="sd"> Returns a sized and cropped version of the image, cropped to the</span>
<span class="sd"> requested aspect ratio and size.</span>
<span class="sd"> This function was contributed by Kevin Cazabon.</span>
<span class="sd"> :param image: The image to size and crop.</span>
<span class="sd"> :param size: The requested output size in pixels, given as a</span>
<span class="sd"> (width, height) tuple.</span>
<span class="sd"> :param method: What resampling method to use. Default is</span>
<span class="sd"> :py:attr:`PIL.Image.NEAREST`.</span>
<span class="sd"> :param bleed: Remove a border around the outside of the image from all</span>
<span class="sd"> four edges. The value is a decimal percentage (use 0.01 for</span>
<span class="sd"> one percent). The default value is 0 (no border).</span>
<span class="sd"> Cannot be greater than or equal to 0.5.</span>
<span class="sd"> :param centering: Control the cropping position. Use (0.5, 0.5) for</span>
<span class="sd"> center cropping (e.g. if cropping the width, take 50% off</span>
<span class="sd"> of the left side, and therefore 50% off the right side).</span>
<span class="sd"> (0.0, 0.0) will crop from the top left corner (i.e. if</span>
<span class="sd"> cropping the width, take all of the crop off of the right</span>
<span class="sd"> side, and if cropping the height, take all of it off the</span>
<span class="sd"> bottom). (1.0, 0.0) will crop from the bottom left</span>
<span class="sd"> corner, etc. (i.e. if cropping the width, take all of the</span>
<span class="sd"> crop off the left side, and if cropping the height take</span>
<span class="sd"> none from the top, and therefore all off the bottom).</span>
<span class="sd"> :return: An image.</span>
<span class="sd"> """</span>
<span class="c1"># by Kevin Cazabon, Feb 17/2000</span>
<span class="c1"># kevin@cazabon.com</span>
<span class="c1"># http://www.cazabon.com</span>
<span class="c1"># ensure centering is mutable</span>
<span class="n">centering</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">centering</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="mf">0.0</span> <span class="o"><=</span> <span class="n">centering</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o"><=</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">centering</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mf">0.5</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="mf">0.0</span> <span class="o"><=</span> <span class="n">centering</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o"><=</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">centering</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mf">0.5</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="mf">0.0</span> <span class="o"><=</span> <span class="n">bleed</span> <span class="o"><</span> <span class="mf">0.5</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">bleed</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mf">0.0</span>
<span class="c1"># calculate the area to use for resizing and cropping, subtracting</span>
<span class="c1"># the 'bleed' around the edges</span>
<span class="c1"># number of pixels to trim off on Top and Bottom, Left and Right</span>
<span class="n">bleed_pixels</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">bleed</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">image</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">bleed</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">image</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="n">live_size</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">image</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">bleed_pixels</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">image</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">bleed_pixels</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1"># calculate the aspect ratio of the live_size</span>
<span class="n">live_size_ratio</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">float</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">live_size</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">])</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="n">live_size</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="c1"># calculate the aspect ratio of the output image</span>
<span class="n">output_ratio</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">float</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">])</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="n">size</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="c1"># figure out if the sides or top/bottom will be cropped off</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">live_size_ratio</span> <span class="o">>=</span> <span class="n">output_ratio</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="c1"># live_size is wider than what's needed, crop the sides</span>
<span class="n">crop_width</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">output_ratio</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">live_size</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="n">crop_height</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">live_size</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="c1"># live_size is taller than what's needed, crop the top and bottom</span>
<span class="n">crop_width</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">live_size</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="n">crop_height</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">live_size</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="n">output_ratio</span>
<span class="c1"># make the crop</span>
<span class="n">crop_left</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">bleed_pixels</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">live_size</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">crop_width</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">centering</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="n">crop_top</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">bleed_pixels</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">live_size</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">crop_height</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">centering</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="n">crop</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span>
<span class="n">crop_left</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">crop_top</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">crop_left</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">crop_width</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">crop_top</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">crop_height</span>
<span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1"># resize the image and return it</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">image</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">resize</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">method</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">box</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">crop</span><span class="p">)</span></div>
<div class="viewcode-block" id="flip"><a class="viewcode-back" href="../../reference/ImageOps.html#PIL.ImageOps.flip">[docs]</a><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">flip</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">image</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sd">"""</span>
<span class="sd"> Flip the image vertically (top to bottom).</span>
<span class="sd"> :param image: The image to flip.</span>
<span class="sd"> :return: An image.</span>
<span class="sd"> """</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">image</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">transpose</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Image</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">FLIP_TOP_BOTTOM</span><span class="p">)</span></div>
<div class="viewcode-block" id="grayscale"><a class="viewcode-back" href="../../reference/ImageOps.html#PIL.ImageOps.grayscale">[docs]</a><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">grayscale</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">image</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sd">"""</span>
<span class="sd"> Convert the image to grayscale.</span>
<span class="sd"> :param image: The image to convert.</span>
<span class="sd"> :return: An image.</span>
<span class="sd"> """</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">image</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">convert</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"L"</span><span class="p">)</span></div>
<div class="viewcode-block" id="invert"><a class="viewcode-back" href="../../reference/ImageOps.html#PIL.ImageOps.invert">[docs]</a><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">invert</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">image</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sd">"""</span>
<span class="sd"> Invert (negate) the image.</span>
<span class="sd"> :param image: The image to invert.</span>
<span class="sd"> :return: An image.</span>
<span class="sd"> """</span>
<span class="n">lut</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">256</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">lut</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">255</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">_lut</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">image</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">lut</span><span class="p">)</span></div>
<div class="viewcode-block" id="mirror"><a class="viewcode-back" href="../../reference/ImageOps.html#PIL.ImageOps.mirror">[docs]</a><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">mirror</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">image</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sd">"""</span>
<span class="sd"> Flip image horizontally (left to right).</span>
<span class="sd"> :param image: The image to mirror.</span>
<span class="sd"> :return: An image.</span>
<span class="sd"> """</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">image</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">transpose</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Image</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">FLIP_LEFT_RIGHT</span><span class="p">)</span></div>
<div class="viewcode-block" id="posterize"><a class="viewcode-back" href="../../reference/ImageOps.html#PIL.ImageOps.posterize">[docs]</a><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">posterize</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">image</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">bits</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sd">"""</span>
<span class="sd"> Reduce the number of bits for each color channel.</span>
<span class="sd"> :param image: The image to posterize.</span>
<span class="sd"> :param bits: The number of bits to keep for each channel (1-8).</span>
<span class="sd"> :return: An image.</span>
<span class="sd"> """</span>
<span class="n">lut</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
<span class="n">mask</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="o">~</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="o">**</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">8</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">bits</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">256</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">lut</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">&</span> <span class="n">mask</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">_lut</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">image</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">lut</span><span class="p">)</span></div>
<div class="viewcode-block" id="solarize"><a class="viewcode-back" href="../../reference/ImageOps.html#PIL.ImageOps.solarize">[docs]</a><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">solarize</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">image</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">threshold</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">128</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sd">"""</span>
<span class="sd"> Invert all pixel values above a threshold.</span>
<span class="sd"> :param image: The image to solarize.</span>
<span class="sd"> :param threshold: All pixels above this greyscale level are inverted.</span>
<span class="sd"> :return: An image.</span>
<span class="sd"> """</span>
<span class="n">lut</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">256</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="o"><</span> <span class="n">threshold</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">lut</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">lut</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">255</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">_lut</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">image</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">lut</span><span class="p">)</span></div>
<span class="c1"># --------------------------------------------------------------------</span>
<span class="c1"># PIL USM components, from Kevin Cazabon.</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">gaussian_blur</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">im</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">radius</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sd">""" PIL_usm.gblur(im, [radius])"""</span>
<span class="n">warnings</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">warn</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="s1">'PIL.ImageOps.gaussian_blur is deprecated. '</span>
<span class="s1">'Use PIL.ImageFilter.GaussianBlur instead. '</span>
<span class="s1">'This function will be removed in a future version.'</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="ne">DeprecationWarning</span>
<span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">radius</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">radius</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mf">5.0</span>
<span class="n">im</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">load</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">im</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">im</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">gaussian_blur</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">radius</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">gblur</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">im</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">radius</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sd">""" PIL_usm.gblur(im, [radius])"""</span>
<span class="n">warnings</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">warn</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="s1">'PIL.ImageOps.gblur is deprecated. '</span>
<span class="s1">'Use PIL.ImageFilter.GaussianBlur instead. '</span>
<span class="s1">'This function will be removed in a future version.'</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="ne">DeprecationWarning</span>
<span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">gaussian_blur</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">im</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">radius</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">unsharp_mask</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">im</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">radius</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">percent</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">threshold</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sd">""" PIL_usm.usm(im, [radius, percent, threshold])"""</span>
<span class="n">warnings</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">warn</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="s1">'PIL.ImageOps.unsharp_mask is deprecated. '</span>
<span class="s1">'Use PIL.ImageFilter.UnsharpMask instead. '</span>
<span class="s1">'This function will be removed in a future version.'</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="ne">DeprecationWarning</span>
<span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">radius</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">radius</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mf">5.0</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">percent</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">percent</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">150</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">threshold</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">threshold</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">3</span>
<span class="n">im</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">load</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">im</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">im</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">unsharp_mask</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">radius</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">percent</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">threshold</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">usm</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">im</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">radius</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">percent</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">threshold</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sd">""" PIL_usm.usm(im, [radius, percent, threshold])"""</span>
<span class="n">warnings</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">warn</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="s1">'PIL.ImageOps.usm is deprecated. '</span>
<span class="s1">'Use PIL.ImageFilter.UnsharpMask instead. '</span>
<span class="s1">'This function will be removed in a future version.'</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="ne">DeprecationWarning</span>
<span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">unsharp_mask</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">im</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">radius</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">percent</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">threshold</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">box_blur</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">image</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">radius</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sd">"""</span>
<span class="sd"> Blur the image by setting each pixel to the average value of the pixels</span>
<span class="sd"> in a square box extending radius pixels in each direction.</span>
<span class="sd"> Supports float radius of arbitrary size. Uses an optimized implementation</span>
<span class="sd"> which runs in linear time relative to the size of the image</span>
<span class="sd"> for any radius value.</span>
<span class="sd"> :param image: The image to blur.</span>
<span class="sd"> :param radius: Size of the box in one direction. Radius 0 does not blur,</span>
<span class="sd"> returns an identical image. Radius 1 takes 1 pixel</span>
<span class="sd"> in each direction, i.e. 9 pixels in total.</span>
<span class="sd"> :return: An image.</span>
<span class="sd"> """</span>
<span class="n">warnings</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">warn</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="s1">'PIL.ImageOps.box_blur is deprecated. '</span>
<span class="s1">'Use PIL.ImageFilter.BoxBlur instead. '</span>
<span class="s1">'This function will be removed in a future version.'</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="ne">DeprecationWarning</span>
<span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">image</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">load</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">image</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_new</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">image</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">im</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">box_blur</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">radius</span><span class="p">))</span>
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