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</div><hr /><div id="migration70.new-features" class="sect1">
<h2 class="title">New features</h2>
<div class="sect2" id="migration70.new-features.scalar-type-declarations">
<h3 class="title">Scalar type declarations</h3>
<p class="para">
Scalar
<a href="functions.arguments.html#functions.arguments.type-declaration" class="link">type declarations</a>
come in two flavours: coercive (default) and strict. The following types
for parameters can now be enforced (either coercively or strictly): strings
(<span class="type"><a href="language.types.string.html" class="type string">string</a></span>), integers (<em>int</em>), floating-point
numbers (<span class="type"><a href="language.types.float.html" class="type float">float</a></span>), and booleans (<em>bool</em>). They
augment the other types introduced in PHP 5: class names, interfaces,
<span class="type"><a href="language.types.array.html" class="type array">array</a></span> and <span class="type"><a href="language.types.callable.html" class="type callable">callable</a></span>.
</p>
<div class="informalexample">
<div class="example-contents">
<div class="phpcode"><code><span style="color: #000000">
<span style="color: #0000BB"><?php<br /></span><span style="color: #FF8000">// Coercive mode<br /></span><span style="color: #007700">function </span><span style="color: #0000BB">sumOfInts</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #0000BB">int </span><span style="color: #007700">...</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$ints</span><span style="color: #007700">)<br />{<br /> return </span><span style="color: #0000BB">array_sum</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$ints</span><span style="color: #007700">);<br />}<br /><br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">var_dump</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #0000BB">sumOfInts</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #0000BB">2</span><span style="color: #007700">, </span><span style="color: #DD0000">'3'</span><span style="color: #007700">, </span><span style="color: #0000BB">4.1</span><span style="color: #007700">));</span>
</span>
</code></div>
</div>
<p class="para">The above example will output:</p>
<div class="example-contents screen">
<div class="cdata"><pre>
int(9)
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<p class="para">
To enable strict mode, a single <a href="control-structures.declare.html" class="link"><em>declare</em></a> directive must be placed at the
top of the file. This means that the strictness of typing for scalars is
configured on a per-file basis. This directive not only affects the type
declarations of parameters, but also a function's return type (see
<a href="functions.returning-values.html#functions.returning-values.type-declaration" class="link">return type declarations</a>,
built-in PHP functions, and functions from loaded
extensions.
</p>
<p class="para">
Full documentation and examples of scalar type declarations can be found in
the
<a href="functions.arguments.html#functions.arguments.type-declaration" class="link">type declaration</a>
reference.
</p>
</div>
<div class="sect2" id="migration70.new-features.return-type-declarations">
<h3 class="title">Return type declarations</h3>
<p class="para">
PHP 7 adds support for
<a href="functions.returning-values.html#functions.returning-values.type-declaration" class="link">return type declarations</a>.
Similarly to
<a href="functions.arguments.html#functions.arguments.type-declaration" class="link">argument type declarations</a>,
return type declarations specify the type of the value that will be
returned from a function. The same
<a href="functions.arguments.html#functions.arguments.type-declaration.types" class="link">types</a>
are available for return type declarations as are available for argument
type declarations.
</p>
<div class="informalexample">
<div class="example-contents">
<div class="phpcode"><code><span style="color: #000000">
<span style="color: #0000BB"><?php<br /><br /></span><span style="color: #007700">function </span><span style="color: #0000BB">arraysSum</span><span style="color: #007700">(array ...</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$arrays</span><span style="color: #007700">): array<br />{<br /> return </span><span style="color: #0000BB">array_map</span><span style="color: #007700">(function(array </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$array</span><span style="color: #007700">): </span><span style="color: #0000BB">int </span><span style="color: #007700">{<br /> return </span><span style="color: #0000BB">array_sum</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$array</span><span style="color: #007700">);<br /> }, </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$arrays</span><span style="color: #007700">);<br />}<br /><br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">print_r</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #0000BB">arraysSum</span><span style="color: #007700">([</span><span style="color: #0000BB">1</span><span style="color: #007700">,</span><span style="color: #0000BB">2</span><span style="color: #007700">,</span><span style="color: #0000BB">3</span><span style="color: #007700">], [</span><span style="color: #0000BB">4</span><span style="color: #007700">,</span><span style="color: #0000BB">5</span><span style="color: #007700">,</span><span style="color: #0000BB">6</span><span style="color: #007700">], [</span><span style="color: #0000BB">7</span><span style="color: #007700">,</span><span style="color: #0000BB">8</span><span style="color: #007700">,</span><span style="color: #0000BB">9</span><span style="color: #007700">]));</span>
</span>
</code></div>
</div>
<p class="para">The above example will output:</p>
<div class="example-contents screen">
<div class="cdata"><pre>
Array
(
[0] => 6
[1] => 15
[2] => 24
)
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<p class="para">
Full documentation and examples of return type declarations can be found in
the
<a href="functions.returning-values.html#functions.returning-values.type-declaration" class="link">return type declarations</a>.
reference.
</p>
</div>
<div class="sect2" id="migration70.new-features.null-coalesce-op">
<h3 class="title">Null coalescing operator</h3>
<p class="para">
The null coalescing operator (<em>??</em>) has been added as
syntactic sugar for the common case of needing to use a ternary in
conjunction with <span class="function"><a href="function.isset.html" class="function">isset()</a></span>. It returns its first operand
if it exists and is not <strong><code>NULL</code></strong>; otherwise it returns its second operand.
</p>
<div class="informalexample">
<div class="example-contents">
<div class="phpcode"><code><span style="color: #000000">
<span style="color: #0000BB"><?php<br /></span><span style="color: #FF8000">// Fetches the value of $_GET['user'] and returns 'nobody'<br />// if it does not exist.<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">$username </span><span style="color: #007700">= </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$_GET</span><span style="color: #007700">[</span><span style="color: #DD0000">'user'</span><span style="color: #007700">] ?? </span><span style="color: #DD0000">'nobody'</span><span style="color: #007700">;<br /></span><span style="color: #FF8000">// This is equivalent to:<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">$username </span><span style="color: #007700">= isset(</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$_GET</span><span style="color: #007700">[</span><span style="color: #DD0000">'user'</span><span style="color: #007700">]) ? </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$_GET</span><span style="color: #007700">[</span><span style="color: #DD0000">'user'</span><span style="color: #007700">] : </span><span style="color: #DD0000">'nobody'</span><span style="color: #007700">;<br /><br /></span><span style="color: #FF8000">// Coalescing can be chained: this will return the first<br />// defined value out of $_GET['user'], $_POST['user'], and<br />// 'nobody'.<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">$username </span><span style="color: #007700">= </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$_GET</span><span style="color: #007700">[</span><span style="color: #DD0000">'user'</span><span style="color: #007700">] ?? </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$_POST</span><span style="color: #007700">[</span><span style="color: #DD0000">'user'</span><span style="color: #007700">] ?? </span><span style="color: #DD0000">'nobody'</span><span style="color: #007700">;<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">?></span>
</span>
</code></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2" id="migration70.new-features.spaceship-op">
<h3 class="title">Spaceship operator</h3>
<p class="para">
The spaceship operator is used for comparing two expressions. It returns -1, 0
or 1 when <var class="varname"><var class="varname">$a</var></var> is respectively less than, equal to, or greater
than <var class="varname"><var class="varname">$b</var></var>. Comparisons are performed according to PHP's usual
<a href="types.comparisons.html" class="link">type comparison rules</a>.
</p>
<div class="informalexample">
<div class="example-contents">
<div class="phpcode"><code><span style="color: #000000">
<span style="color: #0000BB"><?php<br /></span><span style="color: #FF8000">// Integers<br /></span><span style="color: #007700">echo </span><span style="color: #0000BB">1 </span><span style="color: #007700"><=> </span><span style="color: #0000BB">1</span><span style="color: #007700">; </span><span style="color: #FF8000">// 0<br /></span><span style="color: #007700">echo </span><span style="color: #0000BB">1 </span><span style="color: #007700"><=> </span><span style="color: #0000BB">2</span><span style="color: #007700">; </span><span style="color: #FF8000">// -1<br /></span><span style="color: #007700">echo </span><span style="color: #0000BB">2 </span><span style="color: #007700"><=> </span><span style="color: #0000BB">1</span><span style="color: #007700">; </span><span style="color: #FF8000">// 1<br /><br />// Floats<br /></span><span style="color: #007700">echo </span><span style="color: #0000BB">1.5 </span><span style="color: #007700"><=> </span><span style="color: #0000BB">1.5</span><span style="color: #007700">; </span><span style="color: #FF8000">// 0<br /></span><span style="color: #007700">echo </span><span style="color: #0000BB">1.5 </span><span style="color: #007700"><=> </span><span style="color: #0000BB">2.5</span><span style="color: #007700">; </span><span style="color: #FF8000">// -1<br /></span><span style="color: #007700">echo </span><span style="color: #0000BB">2.5 </span><span style="color: #007700"><=> </span><span style="color: #0000BB">1.5</span><span style="color: #007700">; </span><span style="color: #FF8000">// 1<br /> <br />// Strings<br /></span><span style="color: #007700">echo </span><span style="color: #DD0000">"a" </span><span style="color: #007700"><=> </span><span style="color: #DD0000">"a"</span><span style="color: #007700">; </span><span style="color: #FF8000">// 0<br /></span><span style="color: #007700">echo </span><span style="color: #DD0000">"a" </span><span style="color: #007700"><=> </span><span style="color: #DD0000">"b"</span><span style="color: #007700">; </span><span style="color: #FF8000">// -1<br /></span><span style="color: #007700">echo </span><span style="color: #DD0000">"b" </span><span style="color: #007700"><=> </span><span style="color: #DD0000">"a"</span><span style="color: #007700">; </span><span style="color: #FF8000">// 1<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">?></span>
</span>
</code></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2" id="migration70.new-features.define-array">
<h3 class="title">Constant arrays using <span class="function"><a href="function.define.html" class="function">define()</a></span></h3>
<p class="para">
<span class="type"><a href="language.types.array.html" class="type Array">Array</a></span> constants can now be defined with
<span class="function"><a href="function.define.html" class="function">define()</a></span>. In PHP 5.6, they could only be defined with
<a href="language.constants.syntax.html" class="link"><em>const</em></a>.
</p>
<div class="informalexample">
<div class="example-contents">
<div class="phpcode"><code><span style="color: #000000">
<span style="color: #0000BB"><?php<br />define</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #DD0000">'ANIMALS'</span><span style="color: #007700">, [<br /> </span><span style="color: #DD0000">'dog'</span><span style="color: #007700">,<br /> </span><span style="color: #DD0000">'cat'</span><span style="color: #007700">,<br /> </span><span style="color: #DD0000">'bird'<br /></span><span style="color: #007700">]);<br /><br />echo </span><span style="color: #0000BB">ANIMALS</span><span style="color: #007700">[</span><span style="color: #0000BB">1</span><span style="color: #007700">]; </span><span style="color: #FF8000">// outputs "cat"<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">?></span>
</span>
</code></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2" id="migration70.new-features.anonymous-classes">
<h3 class="title">Anonymous classes</h3>
<p class="para">
Support for anonymous classes has been added via <em>new
class</em>. These can be used in place of full class definitions for
throwaway objects:
</p>
<div class="informalexample">
<div class="example-contents">
<div class="phpcode"><code><span style="color: #000000">
<span style="color: #0000BB"><?php<br /></span><span style="color: #007700">interface </span><span style="color: #0000BB">Logger </span><span style="color: #007700">{<br /> public function </span><span style="color: #0000BB">log</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #0000BB">string $msg</span><span style="color: #007700">);<br />}<br /><br />class </span><span style="color: #0000BB">Application </span><span style="color: #007700">{<br /> private </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$logger</span><span style="color: #007700">;<br /><br /> public function </span><span style="color: #0000BB">getLogger</span><span style="color: #007700">(): </span><span style="color: #0000BB">Logger </span><span style="color: #007700">{<br /> return </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$this</span><span style="color: #007700">-></span><span style="color: #0000BB">logger</span><span style="color: #007700">;<br /> }<br /><br /> public function </span><span style="color: #0000BB">setLogger</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #0000BB">Logger $logger</span><span style="color: #007700">) {<br /> </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$this</span><span style="color: #007700">-></span><span style="color: #0000BB">logger </span><span style="color: #007700">= </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$logger</span><span style="color: #007700">;<br /> }<br />}<br /><br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">$app </span><span style="color: #007700">= new </span><span style="color: #0000BB">Application</span><span style="color: #007700">;<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">$app</span><span style="color: #007700">-></span><span style="color: #0000BB">setLogger</span><span style="color: #007700">(new class implements </span><span style="color: #0000BB">Logger </span><span style="color: #007700">{<br /> public function </span><span style="color: #0000BB">log</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #0000BB">string $msg</span><span style="color: #007700">) {<br /> echo </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$msg</span><span style="color: #007700">;<br /> }<br />});<br /><br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">var_dump</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$app</span><span style="color: #007700">-></span><span style="color: #0000BB">getLogger</span><span style="color: #007700">());<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">?></span>
</span>
</code></div>
</div>
<p class="para">The above example will output:</p>
<div class="example-contents screen">
<div class="cdata"><pre>
object(class@anonymous)#2 (0) {
}
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<p class="para">
Full documentation can be found in the
<a href="language.oop5.anonymous.html" class="link">anonymous class reference</a>.
</p>
</div>
<div class="sect2" id="migration70.new-features.unicode-codepoint-escape-syntax">
<h3 class="title">Unicode codepoint escape syntax</h3>
<p class="para">
This takes a Unicode codepoint in hexadecimal form, and outputs that
codepoint in UTF-8 to a double-quoted string or a heredoc. Any valid
codepoint is accepted, with leading 0's being optional.
</p>
<div class="informalexample">
<div class="example-contents">
<div class="phpcode"><code><span style="color: #000000">
echo "\u{aa}";<br />echo "\u{0000aa}";<br />echo "\u{9999}";</span>
</code></div>
</div>
<p class="para">The above example will output:</p>
<div class="example-contents screen">
<div class="cdata"><pre>
ª
ª (same as before but with optional leading 0's)
香
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2" id="migration70.new-features.closure-call-method">
<h3 class="title"><span class="methodname"><a href="closure.call.html" class="methodname">Closure::call()</a></span></h3>
<p class="para">
<span class="methodname"><a href="closure.call.html" class="methodname">Closure::call()</a></span> is a more performant, shorthand way
of temporarily binding an object scope to a closure and invoking it.
</p>
<div class="informalexample">
<div class="example-contents">
<div class="phpcode"><code><span style="color: #000000">
<span style="color: #0000BB"><?php<br /></span><span style="color: #007700">class </span><span style="color: #0000BB">A </span><span style="color: #007700">{private </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$x </span><span style="color: #007700">= </span><span style="color: #0000BB">1</span><span style="color: #007700">;}<br /><br /></span><span style="color: #FF8000">// Pre PHP 7 code<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">$getX </span><span style="color: #007700">= function() {return </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$this</span><span style="color: #007700">-></span><span style="color: #0000BB">x</span><span style="color: #007700">;};<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">$getXCB </span><span style="color: #007700">= </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$getX</span><span style="color: #007700">-></span><span style="color: #0000BB">bindTo</span><span style="color: #007700">(new </span><span style="color: #0000BB">A</span><span style="color: #007700">, </span><span style="color: #DD0000">'A'</span><span style="color: #007700">); </span><span style="color: #FF8000">// intermediate closure<br /></span><span style="color: #007700">echo </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$getXCB</span><span style="color: #007700">();<br /><br /></span><span style="color: #FF8000">// PHP 7+ code<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">$getX </span><span style="color: #007700">= function() {return </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$this</span><span style="color: #007700">-></span><span style="color: #0000BB">x</span><span style="color: #007700">;};<br />echo </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$getX</span><span style="color: #007700">-></span><span style="color: #0000BB">call</span><span style="color: #007700">(new </span><span style="color: #0000BB">A</span><span style="color: #007700">);</span>
</span>
</code></div>
</div>
<p class="para">The above example will output:</p>
<div class="example-contents screen">
<div class="cdata"><pre>
1
1
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2" id="migration70.new-features.filtered-unserialize">
<h3 class="title">Filtered <span class="function"><a href="function.unserialize.html" class="function">unserialize()</a></span></h3>
<p class="para">
This feature seeks to provide better security when unserializing objects on
untrusted data. It prevents possible code injections by enabling the
developer to whitelist classes that can be unserialized.
</p>
<div class="informalexample">
<div class="example-contents">
<div class="phpcode"><code><span style="color: #000000">
<span style="color: #0000BB"><?php<br /><br /></span><span style="color: #FF8000">// converts all objects into __PHP_Incomplete_Class object<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">$data </span><span style="color: #007700">= </span><span style="color: #0000BB">unserialize</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$foo</span><span style="color: #007700">, [</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"allowed_classes" </span><span style="color: #007700">=> </span><span style="color: #0000BB">false</span><span style="color: #007700">]);<br /><br /></span><span style="color: #FF8000">// converts all objects into __PHP_Incomplete_Class object except those of MyClass and MyClass2<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">$data </span><span style="color: #007700">= </span><span style="color: #0000BB">unserialize</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$foo</span><span style="color: #007700">, [</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"allowed_classes" </span><span style="color: #007700">=> [</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"MyClass"</span><span style="color: #007700">, </span><span style="color: #DD0000">"MyClass2"</span><span style="color: #007700">]]);<br /><br /></span><span style="color: #FF8000">// default behaviour (same as omitting the second argument) that accepts all classes<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">$data </span><span style="color: #007700">= </span><span style="color: #0000BB">unserialize</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$foo</span><span style="color: #007700">, [</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"allowed_classes" </span><span style="color: #007700">=> </span><span style="color: #0000BB">true</span><span style="color: #007700">]);</span>
</span>
</code></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2" id="migration70.new-features.intlchar">
<h3 class="title"><a href="class.intlchar.html" class="classname">IntlChar</a></h3>
<p class="para">
The new <a href="class.intlchar.html" class="classname">IntlChar</a> class seeks to expose additional
ICU functionality. The class itself defines a number of static methods and
constants that can be used to manipulate unicode characters.
</p>
<div class="informalexample">
<div class="example-contents">
<div class="phpcode"><code><span style="color: #000000">
<span style="color: #0000BB"><?php<br /><br />printf</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #DD0000">'%x'</span><span style="color: #007700">, </span><span style="color: #0000BB">IntlChar</span><span style="color: #007700">::</span><span style="color: #0000BB">CODEPOINT_MAX</span><span style="color: #007700">);<br />echo </span><span style="color: #0000BB">IntlChar</span><span style="color: #007700">::</span><span style="color: #0000BB">charName</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #DD0000">'@'</span><span style="color: #007700">);<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">var_dump</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #0000BB">IntlChar</span><span style="color: #007700">::</span><span style="color: #0000BB">ispunct</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #DD0000">'!'</span><span style="color: #007700">));</span>
</span>
</code></div>
</div>
<p class="para">The above example will output:</p>
<div class="example-contents screen">
<div class="cdata"><pre>
10ffff
COMMERCIAL AT
bool(true)
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<p class="para">
In order to use this class, the <a href="book.intl.html" class="link">Intl</a> extension must be installed.
</p>
</div>
<div class="sect2" id="migration70.new-features.expectations">
<h3 class="title">Expectations</h3>
<p class="para">
<a href="function.assert.html#function.assert.expectations" class="link">Expectations</a> are a
backwards compatible enhancement to the older <span class="function"><a href="function.assert.html" class="function">assert()</a></span>
function. They allow for zero-cost assertions in production code, and
provide the ability to throw custom exceptions when the assertion fails.
</p>
<p class="para">
While the old API continues to be maintained for compatibility,
<span class="function"><a href="function.assert.html" class="function">assert()</a></span> is now a language construct, allowing the first
parameter to be an expression rather than just a <span class="type"><a href="language.types.string.html" class="type string">string</a></span> to be
evaluated or a <span class="type"><a href="language.types.boolean.html" class="type boolean">boolean</a></span> value to be tested.
</p>
<div class="informalexample">
<div class="example-contents">
<div class="phpcode"><code><span style="color: #000000">
<span style="color: #0000BB"><?php<br />ini_set</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #DD0000">'assert.exception'</span><span style="color: #007700">, </span><span style="color: #0000BB">1</span><span style="color: #007700">);<br /><br />class </span><span style="color: #0000BB">CustomError </span><span style="color: #007700">extends </span><span style="color: #0000BB">AssertionError </span><span style="color: #007700">{}<br /><br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">assert</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #0000BB">false</span><span style="color: #007700">, new </span><span style="color: #0000BB">CustomError</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #DD0000">'Some error message'</span><span style="color: #007700">));<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">?></span>
</span>
</code></div>
</div>
<p class="para">The above example will output:</p>
<div class="example-contents screen">
<div class="cdata"><pre>
Fatal error: Uncaught CustomError: Some error message
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<p class="para">
Full details on this feature, including how to configure it in both
development and production environments, can be found in the
<a href="function.assert.html#function.assert.expectations" class="link">expectations section</a>
of the <span class="function"><a href="function.assert.html" class="function">assert()</a></span> reference.
</p>
</div>
<div class="sect2" id="migration70.new-features.group-use-declarations">
<h3 class="title">Group <em>use</em> declarations</h3>
<p class="para">
Classes, functions and constants being imported from the same <a href="language.namespaces.definition.html" class="link"><em>namespace</em></a>
can now be grouped together in a single <a href="language.namespaces.importing.html" class="link"><em>use</em></a> statement.
</p>
<div class="informalexample">
<div class="example-contents">
<div class="phpcode"><code><span style="color: #000000">
<span style="color: #0000BB"><?php<br /></span><span style="color: #FF8000">// Pre PHP 7 code<br /></span><span style="color: #007700">use </span><span style="color: #0000BB">some</span><span style="color: #007700">\namespace\</span><span style="color: #0000BB">ClassA</span><span style="color: #007700">;<br />use </span><span style="color: #0000BB">some</span><span style="color: #007700">\namespace\</span><span style="color: #0000BB">ClassB</span><span style="color: #007700">;<br />use </span><span style="color: #0000BB">some</span><span style="color: #007700">\namespace\</span><span style="color: #0000BB">ClassC </span><span style="color: #007700">as </span><span style="color: #0000BB">C</span><span style="color: #007700">;<br /><br />use function </span><span style="color: #0000BB">some</span><span style="color: #007700">\namespace\</span><span style="color: #0000BB">fn_a</span><span style="color: #007700">;<br />use function </span><span style="color: #0000BB">some</span><span style="color: #007700">\namespace\</span><span style="color: #0000BB">fn_b</span><span style="color: #007700">;<br />use function </span><span style="color: #0000BB">some</span><span style="color: #007700">\namespace\</span><span style="color: #0000BB">fn_c</span><span style="color: #007700">;<br /><br />use const </span><span style="color: #0000BB">some</span><span style="color: #007700">\namespace\</span><span style="color: #0000BB">ConstA</span><span style="color: #007700">;<br />use const </span><span style="color: #0000BB">some</span><span style="color: #007700">\namespace\</span><span style="color: #0000BB">ConstB</span><span style="color: #007700">;<br />use const </span><span style="color: #0000BB">some</span><span style="color: #007700">\namespace\</span><span style="color: #0000BB">ConstC</span><span style="color: #007700">;<br /><br /></span><span style="color: #FF8000">// PHP 7+ code<br /></span><span style="color: #007700">use </span><span style="color: #0000BB">some</span><span style="color: #007700">\namespace\{</span><span style="color: #0000BB">ClassA</span><span style="color: #007700">, </span><span style="color: #0000BB">ClassB</span><span style="color: #007700">, </span><span style="color: #0000BB">ClassC </span><span style="color: #007700">as </span><span style="color: #0000BB">C</span><span style="color: #007700">};<br />use function </span><span style="color: #0000BB">some</span><span style="color: #007700">\namespace\{</span><span style="color: #0000BB">fn_a</span><span style="color: #007700">, </span><span style="color: #0000BB">fn_b</span><span style="color: #007700">, </span><span style="color: #0000BB">fn_c</span><span style="color: #007700">};<br />use const </span><span style="color: #0000BB">some</span><span style="color: #007700">\namespace\{</span><span style="color: #0000BB">ConstA</span><span style="color: #007700">, </span><span style="color: #0000BB">ConstB</span><span style="color: #007700">, </span><span style="color: #0000BB">ConstC</span><span style="color: #007700">};<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">?></span>
</span>
</code></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2" id="migration70.new-features.generator-return-expressions">
<h3 class="title">Generator Return Expressions</h3>
<p class="para">
This feature builds upon the generator functionality introduced into PHP 5.5.
It enables for a <em>return</em> statement to be used within a
generator to enable for a final expression to be returned (return by
reference is not allowed). This value can be fetched using the new
<em>Generator::getReturn()</em> method, which may only be used
once the generator has finished yielding values.
</p>
<div class="informalexample">
<div class="example-contents">
<div class="phpcode"><code><span style="color: #000000">
<span style="color: #0000BB"><?php<br /><br />$gen </span><span style="color: #007700">= (function() {<br /> </span><span style="color: #0000BB">yield 1</span><span style="color: #007700">;<br /> </span><span style="color: #0000BB">yield 2</span><span style="color: #007700">;<br /><br /> return </span><span style="color: #0000BB">3</span><span style="color: #007700">;<br />})();<br /><br />foreach (</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$gen </span><span style="color: #007700">as </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$val</span><span style="color: #007700">) {<br /> echo </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$val</span><span style="color: #007700">, </span><span style="color: #0000BB">PHP_EOL</span><span style="color: #007700">;<br />}<br /><br />echo </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$gen</span><span style="color: #007700">-></span><span style="color: #0000BB">getReturn</span><span style="color: #007700">(), </span><span style="color: #0000BB">PHP_EOL</span><span style="color: #007700">;</span>
</span>
</code></div>
</div>
<p class="para">The above example will output:</p>
<div class="example-contents screen">
<div class="cdata"><pre>
1
2
3
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<p class="para">
Being able to explicitly return a final value from a generator is a handy
ability to have. This is because it enables for a final value to be returned
by a generator (from perhaps some form of coroutine computation) that can be
specifically handled by the client code executing the generator. This is far
simpler than forcing the client code to firstly check whether the final
value has been yielded, and then if so, to handle that value specifically.
</p>
</div>
<div class="sect2" id="migration70.new-features.generator-delegation">
<h3 class="title">Generator delegation</h3>
<p class="para">
Generators can now delegate to another generator,
<a href="class.traversable.html" class="classname">Traversable</a> object or <span class="type"><a href="language.types.array.html" class="type array">array</a></span>
automatically, without needing to write boilerplate in the outermost
generator by using the <a href="language.generators.syntax.html#control-structures.yield.from" class="link"><em>yield from</em></a> construct.
</p>
<div class="informalexample">
<div class="example-contents">
<div class="phpcode"><code><span style="color: #000000">
<span style="color: #0000BB"><?php<br /></span><span style="color: #007700">function </span><span style="color: #0000BB">gen</span><span style="color: #007700">()<br />{<br /> </span><span style="color: #0000BB">yield 1</span><span style="color: #007700">;<br /> </span><span style="color: #0000BB">yield 2</span><span style="color: #007700">;<br /> </span><span style="color: #0000BB">yield from gen2</span><span style="color: #007700">();<br />}<br /><br />function </span><span style="color: #0000BB">gen2</span><span style="color: #007700">()<br />{<br /> </span><span style="color: #0000BB">yield 3</span><span style="color: #007700">;<br /> </span><span style="color: #0000BB">yield 4</span><span style="color: #007700">;<br />}<br /><br />foreach (</span><span style="color: #0000BB">gen</span><span style="color: #007700">() as </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$val</span><span style="color: #007700">)<br />{<br /> echo </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$val</span><span style="color: #007700">, </span><span style="color: #0000BB">PHP_EOL</span><span style="color: #007700">;<br />}<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">?></span>
</span>
</code></div>
</div>
<p class="para">The above example will output:</p>
<div class="example-contents screen">
<div class="cdata"><pre>
1
2
3
4
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2" id="migration70.new-features.intdiv">
<h3 class="title">Integer division with <span class="function"><a href="function.intdiv.html" class="function">intdiv()</a></span></h3>
<p class="para">
The new <span class="function"><a href="function.intdiv.html" class="function">intdiv()</a></span> function performs an integer division
of its operands and returns it.
</p>
<div class="informalexample">
<div class="example-contents">
<div class="phpcode"><code><span style="color: #000000">
<span style="color: #0000BB"><?php<br />var_dump</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #0000BB">intdiv</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #0000BB">10</span><span style="color: #007700">, </span><span style="color: #0000BB">3</span><span style="color: #007700">));<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">?></span>
</span>
</code></div>
</div>
<p class="para">The above example will output:</p>
<div class="example-contents screen">
<div class="cdata"><pre>
int(3)
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2" id="migration70.new-features.session-options">
<h3 class="title">Session options</h3>
<p class="para">
<span class="function"><a href="function.session-start.html" class="function">session_start()</a></span> now accepts an <span class="type"><a href="language.types.array.html" class="type array">array</a></span> of
options that override the
<a href="session.configuration.html" class="link">session configuration directives</a>
normally set in php.ini.
</p>
<p class="para">
These options have also been expanded to support
<a href="session.configuration.html#ini.session.lazy-write" class="link">session.lazy_write</a>, which is
on by default and causes PHP to only overwrite any session file if the
session data has changed, and <em>read_and_close</em>, which is
an option that can only be passed to <span class="function"><a href="function.session-start.html" class="function">session_start()</a></span> to
indicate that the session data should be read and then the session should
immediately be closed unchanged.
</p>
<p class="para">
For example, to set
<a href="session.configuration.html#ini.session.cache-limiter" class="link">session.cache_limiter</a> to
<em>private</em> and immediately close the session after reading
it:
</p>
<div class="informalexample">
<div class="example-contents">
<div class="phpcode"><code><span style="color: #000000">
<span style="color: #0000BB"><?php<br />session_start</span><span style="color: #007700">([<br /> </span><span style="color: #DD0000">'cache_limiter' </span><span style="color: #007700">=> </span><span style="color: #DD0000">'private'</span><span style="color: #007700">,<br /> </span><span style="color: #DD0000">'read_and_close' </span><span style="color: #007700">=> </span><span style="color: #0000BB">true</span><span style="color: #007700">,<br />]);<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">?></span>
</span>
</code></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2" id="migration70.new-features.preg-repace-callback-array-function">
<h3 class="title"><span class="function"><a href="function.preg-replace-callback-array.html" class="function">preg_replace_callback_array()</a></span></h3>
<p class="para">
The new <span class="function"><a href="function.preg-replace-callback-array.html" class="function">preg_replace_callback_array()</a></span> function enables
code to be written more cleanly when using the
<span class="function"><a href="function.preg-replace-callback.html" class="function">preg_replace_callback()</a></span> function. Prior to PHP 7,
callbacks that needed to be executed per regular expression required the
callback function to be polluted with lots of branching.
</p>
<p class="para">
Now, callbacks can be registered to each regular expression using an
associative array, where the key is a regular expression and the value is a
callback.
</p>
</div>
<div class="sect2" id="migration70.new-features.csprng-functions">
<h3 class="title"><a href="book.csprng.html" class="link">CSPRNG</a> Functions</h3>
<p class="para">
Two new functions have been added to generate cryptographically secure
integers and strings in a cross platform way:
<span class="function"><a href="function.random-bytes.html" class="function">random_bytes()</a></span> and <span class="function"><a href="function.random-int.html" class="function">random_int()</a></span>.
</p>
</div>
<div class="sect2" id="migration70.new-features.list-arrayaccess">
<h3 class="title">
<span class="function"><a href="function.list.html" class="function">list()</a></span> can always unpack objects implementing
<a href="class.arrayaccess.html" class="classname">ArrayAccess</a>
</h3>
<p class="para">
Previously, <span class="function"><a href="function.list.html" class="function">list()</a></span> was not guaranteed to operate
correctly with objects implementing <a href="class.arrayaccess.html" class="classname">ArrayAccess</a>.
This has been fixed.
</p>
</div>
<div class="sect2" id="migration70.new-features.others">
<h3 class="title">Other Features</h3>
<ul class="itemizedlist">
<li class="listitem">
<span class="simpara">
Class member access on cloning has been added,
e.g. <em>(clone $foo)->bar()</em>.
</span>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div><hr /><div class="manualnavbar" style="text-align: center;">
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