<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<title>
examples.inheritance.concrete
—
SQLAlchemy 1.2 Documentation
</title>
<!-- begin iterate through site-imported + sphinx environment css_files -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" />
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../_static/docs.css" type="text/css" />
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../_static/changelog.css" type="text/css" />
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../_static/sphinx_paramlinks.css" type="text/css" />
<!-- end iterate through site-imported + sphinx environment css_files -->
<!-- begin layout.mako headers -->
<link rel="index" title="Index" href="../../../genindex.html" />
<link rel="search" title="Search" href="../../../search.html" />
<link rel="copyright" title="Copyright" href="../../../copyright.html" />
<link rel="top" title="SQLAlchemy 1.2 Documentation" href="../../../index.html" />
<link rel="up" title="Module code" href="../../index.html" />
<!-- end layout.mako headers -->
</head>
<body>
<div id="docs-container">
<div id="docs-top-navigation-container" class="body-background">
<div id="docs-header">
<div id="docs-version-header">
Release: <span class="version-num">1.2.19</span>
| Release Date: April 15, 2019
</div>
<h1>SQLAlchemy 1.2 Documentation</h1>
</div>
</div>
<div id="docs-body-container">
<div id="fixed-sidebar" class="">
<div id="index-nav">
<form class="search" action="../../../search.html" method="get">
<label>
Search terms:
<input type="text" placeholder="search..." name="q" size="12" />
</label>
<input type="submit" value="Search" />
<input type="hidden" name="check_keywords" value="yes" />
<input type="hidden" name="area" value="default" />
</form>
<p>
<a href="../../../contents.html">Contents</a> |
<a href="../../../genindex.html">Index</a>
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="docs-body" class="" >
<h1>Source code for examples.inheritance.concrete</h1><div class="highlight"><pre>
<span></span><span class="sd">"""Concrete-table (table-per-class) inheritance example."""</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">sqlalchemy</span> <span class="k">import</span> <span class="n">Column</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">sqlalchemy</span> <span class="k">import</span> <span class="n">create_engine</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">sqlalchemy</span> <span class="k">import</span> <span class="n">ForeignKey</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">sqlalchemy</span> <span class="k">import</span> <span class="n">inspect</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">sqlalchemy</span> <span class="k">import</span> <span class="n">Integer</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">sqlalchemy</span> <span class="k">import</span> <span class="n">or_</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">sqlalchemy</span> <span class="k">import</span> <span class="n">String</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">sqlalchemy.ext.declarative</span> <span class="k">import</span> <span class="n">ConcreteBase</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">sqlalchemy.ext.declarative</span> <span class="k">import</span> <span class="n">declarative_base</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">sqlalchemy.orm</span> <span class="k">import</span> <span class="n">relationship</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">sqlalchemy.orm</span> <span class="k">import</span> <span class="n">Session</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">sqlalchemy.orm</span> <span class="k">import</span> <span class="n">with_polymorphic</span>
<span class="n">Base</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">declarative_base</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">Company</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Base</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">__tablename__</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">"company"</span>
<span class="nb">id</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Column</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Integer</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">primary_key</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">name</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Column</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">String</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">50</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="n">employees</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">relationship</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="s2">"Person"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">back_populates</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"company"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">cascade</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"all, delete-orphan"</span>
<span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">__repr__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="s2">"Company </span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s2">"</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">name</span>
<span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">Person</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ConcreteBase</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Base</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">__tablename__</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">"person"</span>
<span class="nb">id</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Column</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Integer</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">primary_key</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">company_id</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Column</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ForeignKey</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"company.id"</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="n">name</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Column</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">String</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">50</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="n">company</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">relationship</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"Company"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">back_populates</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"employees"</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">__mapper_args__</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="s2">"polymorphic_identity"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">"person"</span><span class="p">}</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">__repr__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="s2">"Ordinary person </span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s2">"</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">name</span>
<span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">Engineer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Person</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">__tablename__</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">"engineer"</span>
<span class="nb">id</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Column</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Integer</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">primary_key</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">name</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Column</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">String</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">50</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="n">company_id</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Column</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ForeignKey</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"company.id"</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="n">status</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Column</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">String</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="n">engineer_name</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Column</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">String</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="n">primary_language</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Column</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">String</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="n">company</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">relationship</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"Company"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">back_populates</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"employees"</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">__mapper_args__</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="s2">"polymorphic_identity"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">"engineer"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">"concrete"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">}</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">__repr__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="p">(</span>
<span class="s2">"Engineer </span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s2">, status </span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s2">, engineer_name </span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s2">, "</span>
<span class="s2">"primary_language </span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s2">"</span>
<span class="o">%</span> <span class="p">(</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">status</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">engineer_name</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">primary_language</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">Manager</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Person</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">__tablename__</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">"manager"</span>
<span class="nb">id</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Column</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Integer</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">primary_key</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">name</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Column</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">String</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">50</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="n">company_id</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Column</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ForeignKey</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"company.id"</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="n">status</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Column</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">String</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="n">manager_name</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Column</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">String</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="n">company</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">relationship</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"Company"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">back_populates</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"employees"</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">__mapper_args__</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="s2">"polymorphic_identity"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">"manager"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">"concrete"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">}</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">__repr__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="s2">"Manager </span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s2">, status </span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s2">, manager_name </span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s2">"</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="p">(</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">status</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">manager_name</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">engine</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">create_engine</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"sqlite://"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">echo</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">Base</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">metadata</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">create_all</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">engine</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">session</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Session</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">engine</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">c</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Company</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="n">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"company1"</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">employees</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[</span>
<span class="n">Manager</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="n">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"pointy haired boss"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">status</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"AAB"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">manager_name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"manager1"</span>
<span class="p">),</span>
<span class="n">Engineer</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="n">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"dilbert"</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">status</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"BBA"</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">engineer_name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"engineer1"</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">primary_language</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"java"</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="p">),</span>
<span class="n">Person</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"joesmith"</span><span class="p">),</span>
<span class="n">Engineer</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="n">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"wally"</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">status</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"CGG"</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">engineer_name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"engineer2"</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">primary_language</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"python"</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="p">),</span>
<span class="n">Manager</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"jsmith"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">status</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"ABA"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">manager_name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"manager2"</span><span class="p">),</span>
<span class="p">],</span>
<span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">session</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">c</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">session</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">commit</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">c</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">session</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">query</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Company</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">e</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">c</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">employees</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">inspect</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">e</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">company</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">assert</span> <span class="nb">set</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="n">e</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">name</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">e</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">c</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">employees</span><span class="p">])</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="nb">set</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">"pointy haired boss"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">"dilbert"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">"joesmith"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">"wally"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">"jsmith"</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">"</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">dilbert</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">session</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">query</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Person</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">filter_by</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"dilbert"</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">one</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">dilbert2</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">session</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">query</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Engineer</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">filter_by</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"dilbert"</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">one</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="k">assert</span> <span class="n">dilbert</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="n">dilbert2</span>
<span class="n">dilbert</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">engineer_name</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">"hes dilbert!"</span>
<span class="n">session</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">commit</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">c</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">session</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">query</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Company</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">e</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">c</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">employees</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1"># query using with_polymorphic.</span>
<span class="n">eng_manager</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">with_polymorphic</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Person</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">Engineer</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Manager</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="n">session</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">query</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">eng_manager</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="o">.</span><span class="n">filter</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="n">or_</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="n">eng_manager</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Engineer</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">engineer_name</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s2">"engineer1"</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">eng_manager</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Manager</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">manager_name</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s2">"manager2"</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">)</span>
<span class="o">.</span><span class="n">all</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1"># illustrate join from Company</span>
<span class="n">eng_manager</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">with_polymorphic</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Person</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">Engineer</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Manager</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="n">session</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">query</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Company</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="o">.</span><span class="n">join</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Company</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">employees</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">of_type</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">eng_manager</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="o">.</span><span class="n">filter</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="n">or_</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="n">eng_manager</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Engineer</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">engineer_name</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s2">"engineer1"</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">eng_manager</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Manager</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">manager_name</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s2">"manager2"</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">)</span>
<span class="o">.</span><span class="n">all</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">session</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">commit</span><span class="p">()</span></pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="docs-bottom-navigation" class="docs-navigation-links">
<div id="docs-copyright">
© <a href="../../../copyright.html">Copyright</a> 2007-2019, the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors.
Created using <a href="http://sphinx.pocoo.org/">Sphinx</a> 2.0.1.
</div>
</div>
</div>
<script type="text/javascript">
var DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS = {
URL_ROOT: '../../../',
VERSION: '1.2.19',
COLLAPSE_MODINDEX: false,
FILE_SUFFIX: '.html'
};
</script>
<script type="text/javascript" id="documentation_options" data-url_root="../../../" src="../../../_static/documentation_options.js"></script>
<!-- begin iterate through sphinx environment script_files -->
<script type="text/javascript" src="../../../_static/jquery.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="../../../_static/underscore.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="../../../_static/doctools.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="../../../_static/language_data.js"></script>
<!-- end iterate through sphinx environment script_files -->
<script type="text/javascript" src="../../../_static/detectmobile.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="../../../_static/init.js"></script>
</body>
</html>
