<!DOCTYPE HTML> <html lang="en" class="sidebar-visible no-js"> <head> <!-- Book generated using mdBook --> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>IO - The Embedded Rust Book</title> <meta content="text/html; charset=utf-8" http-equiv="Content-Type"> <meta name="description" content=""> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff" /> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="../favicon.png"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../css/variables.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../css/general.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../css/chrome.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../css/print.css" media="print"> <!-- Fonts --> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../FontAwesome/css/font-awesome.css"> <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:300italic,400italic,600italic,700italic,800italic,400,300,600,700,800" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"> <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Code+Pro:500" rel="stylesheet" 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href="../intro/no-std.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.2.</strong> no_std</a></li><li><a href="../intro/tooling.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.3.</strong> Tooling</a></li><li><a href="../intro/install.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.4.</strong> Installation</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../intro/install/linux.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.4.1.</strong> Linux</a></li><li><a href="../intro/install/macos.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.4.2.</strong> MacOS</a></li><li><a href="../intro/install/windows.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.4.3.</strong> Windows</a></li><li><a href="../intro/install/verify.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.4.4.</strong> Verify Installation</a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li><a href="../start/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.</strong> Getting started</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../start/qemu.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.1.</strong> QEMU</a></li><li><a href="../start/hardware.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.2.</strong> Hardware</a></li><li><a href="../start/registers.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.3.</strong> Memory-mapped Registers</a></li><li><a href="../start/semihosting.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.4.</strong> Semihosting</a></li><li><a href="../start/panicking.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.5.</strong> Panicking</a></li><li><a href="../start/exceptions.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.6.</strong> Exceptions</a></li><li><a href="../start/interrupts.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.7.</strong> Interrupts</a></li><li><a href="../start/io.html" class="active"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.8.</strong> IO</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="../peripherals/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.</strong> Peripherals</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../peripherals/a-first-attempt.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.1.</strong> A first attempt in Rust</a></li><li><a href="../peripherals/borrowck.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.2.</strong> The Borrow Checker</a></li><li><a href="../peripherals/singletons.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.3.</strong> Singletons</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="../static-guarantees/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.</strong> Static Guarantees</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../static-guarantees/typestate-programming.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.1.</strong> Typestate Programming</a></li><li><a href="../static-guarantees/state-machines.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.2.</strong> Peripherals as State Machines</a></li><li><a href="../static-guarantees/design-contracts.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.3.</strong> Design Contracts</a></li><li><a href="../static-guarantees/zero-cost-abstractions.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.4.</strong> Zero Cost Abstractions</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="../portability/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.</strong> Portability</a></li><li><a href="../concurrency/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.</strong> Concurrency</a></li><li><a href="../collections/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.</strong> Collections</a></li><li><a href="../c-tips/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.</strong> Tips for embedded C developers</a></li><li><a href="../interoperability/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.</strong> Interoperability</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../interoperability/c-with-rust.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.1.</strong> A little C with your Rust</a></li><li><a href="../interoperability/rust-with-c.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.2.</strong> A little Rust with your C</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="../unsorted/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">10.</strong> Unsorted topics</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../unsorted/speed-vs-size.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">10.1.</strong> Optimizations: The speed size tradeoff</a></li></ol></li></ol> </nav> <div id="page-wrapper" class="page-wrapper"> <div class="page"> <div id="menu-bar" 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(Shortkey: s)" aria-label="Toggle Searchbar" aria-expanded="false" aria-keyshortcuts="S" aria-controls="searchbar"> <i class="fa fa-search"></i> </button> </div> <h1 class="menu-title">The Embedded Rust Book</h1> <div class="right-buttons"> <a href="../print.html" title="Print this book" aria-label="Print this book"> <i id="print-button" class="fa fa-print"></i> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div id="search-wrapper" class="hidden"> <form id="searchbar-outer" class="searchbar-outer"> <input type="search" name="search" id="searchbar" name="searchbar" placeholder="Search this book ..." aria-controls="searchresults-outer" aria-describedby="searchresults-header"> </form> <div id="searchresults-outer" class="searchresults-outer hidden"> <div id="searchresults-header" class="searchresults-header"></div> <ul id="searchresults"> </ul> </div> </div> <!-- Apply ARIA attributes after the sidebar and the sidebar toggle button are added to the DOM --> <script type="text/javascript"> document.getElementById('sidebar-toggle').setAttribute('aria-expanded', sidebar === 'visible'); document.getElementById('sidebar').setAttribute('aria-hidden', sidebar !== 'visible'); Array.from(document.querySelectorAll('#sidebar a')).forEach(function(link) { link.setAttribute('tabIndex', sidebar === 'visible' ? 0 : -1); }); </script> <div id="content" class="content"> <main> <a class="header" href="#io" id="io"><h1>IO</h1></a> <blockquote> <p><strong>TODO</strong> Cover memory mapped I/O using registers.</p> </blockquote> </main> <nav class="nav-wrapper" aria-label="Page navigation"> <!-- Mobile navigation buttons --> <a rel="prev" href="../start/interrupts.html" class="mobile-nav-chapters previous" title="Previous chapter" aria-label="Previous chapter" aria-keyshortcuts="Left"> <i class="fa fa-angle-left"></i> </a> <a rel="next" href="../peripherals/index.html" class="mobile-nav-chapters next" title="Next chapter" aria-label="Next chapter" aria-keyshortcuts="Right"> <i class="fa fa-angle-right"></i> </a> <div style="clear: both"></div> </nav> </div> </div> <nav class="nav-wide-wrapper" aria-label="Page navigation"> <a href="../start/interrupts.html" class="nav-chapters previous" title="Previous chapter" aria-label="Previous chapter" aria-keyshortcuts="Left"> <i class="fa fa-angle-left"></i> </a> <a href="../peripherals/index.html" class="nav-chapters next" title="Next chapter" aria-label="Next chapter" aria-keyshortcuts="Right"> <i class="fa fa-angle-right"></i> </a> </nav> </div> <script src="../elasticlunr.min.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script> <script src="../mark.min.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script> <script src="../searcher.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script> <script src="../clipboard.min.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script> <script src="../highlight.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script> <script src="../book.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script> <!-- Custom JS scripts --> </body> </html>