<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charset="utf-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"><meta name="generator" content="rustdoc"><meta name="description" content="Source to the Rust file `src/liballoc/str.rs`."><meta name="keywords" content="rust, rustlang, rust-lang"><title>str.rs.html -- source</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../../normalize1.35.0.css"><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../../rustdoc1.35.0.css" id="mainThemeStyle"><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../../dark1.35.0.css"><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../../light1.35.0.css" id="themeStyle"><script src="../../storage1.35.0.js"></script><noscript><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../noscript1.35.0.css"></noscript><link rel="shortcut icon" href="../../favicon1.35.0.ico"><style type="text/css">#crate-search{background-image:url("../../down-arrow1.35.0.svg");}</style></head><body class="rustdoc source"><!--[if lte IE 8]><div class="warning">This old browser is unsupported and will most likely display funky things.</div><![endif]--><nav class="sidebar"><div class="sidebar-menu">☰</div><a href='../../alloc/index.html'><img src='../../rust-logo1.35.0.png' alt='logo' width='100'></a></nav><div class="theme-picker"><button id="theme-picker" aria-label="Pick another theme!"><img src="../../brush1.35.0.svg" width="18" alt="Pick another theme!"></button><div id="theme-choices"></div></div><script src="../../theme1.35.0.js"></script><nav class="sub"><form class="search-form js-only"><div class="search-container"><div><select id="crate-search"><option value="All crates">All crates</option></select><input class="search-input" name="search" autocomplete="off" spellcheck="false" placeholder="Click or press ‘S’ to search, ‘?’ for more options…" type="search"></div><a id="settings-menu" href="../../settings.html"><img src="../../wheel1.35.0.svg" width="18" alt="Change settings"></a></div></form></nav><section id="main" class="content"><pre class="line-numbers"><span id="1"> 1</span>
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</pre><div class="example-wrap"><pre class="rust ">
<span class="doccomment">//! Unicode string slices.</span>
<span class="doccomment">//!</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! *[See also the `str` primitive type](../../std/primitive.str.html).*</span>
<span class="doccomment">//!</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! The `&str` type is one of the two main string types, the other being `String`.</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! Unlike its `String` counterpart, its contents are borrowed.</span>
<span class="doccomment">//!</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! # Basic Usage</span>
<span class="doccomment">//!</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! A basic string declaration of `&str` type:</span>
<span class="doccomment">//!</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! let hello_world = "Hello, World!";</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">//!</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! Here we have declared a string literal, also known as a string slice.</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! String literals have a static lifetime, which means the string `hello_world`</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! is guaranteed to be valid for the duration of the entire program.</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! We can explicitly specify `hello_world`'s lifetime as well:</span>
<span class="doccomment">//!</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! let hello_world: &'static str = "Hello, world!";</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! ```</span>
<span class="attribute">#![<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"rust1"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.0.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="comment">// Many of the usings in this module are only used in the test configuration.</span>
<span class="comment">// It's cleaner to just turn off the unused_imports warning than to fix them.</span>
<span class="attribute">#![<span class="ident">allow</span>(<span class="ident">unused_imports</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">core</span>::<span class="ident">borrow</span>::<span class="ident">Borrow</span>;
<span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">core</span>::<span class="ident">str</span>::<span class="ident">pattern</span>::{<span class="ident">Pattern</span>, <span class="ident">Searcher</span>, <span class="ident">ReverseSearcher</span>, <span class="ident">DoubleEndedSearcher</span>};
<span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">core</span>::<span class="ident">mem</span>;
<span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">core</span>::<span class="ident">ptr</span>;
<span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">core</span>::<span class="ident">iter</span>::<span class="ident">FusedIterator</span>;
<span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">core</span>::<span class="ident">unicode</span>::<span class="ident">conversions</span>;
<span class="kw">use</span> <span class="kw">crate</span>::<span class="ident">borrow</span>::<span class="ident">ToOwned</span>;
<span class="kw">use</span> <span class="kw">crate</span>::<span class="ident">boxed</span>::<span class="ident">Box</span>;
<span class="kw">use</span> <span class="kw">crate</span>::<span class="ident">slice</span>::{<span class="ident">SliceConcatExt</span>, <span class="ident">SliceIndex</span>};
<span class="kw">use</span> <span class="kw">crate</span>::<span class="ident">string</span>::<span class="ident">String</span>;
<span class="kw">use</span> <span class="kw">crate</span>::<span class="ident">vec</span>::<span class="ident">Vec</span>;
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"rust1"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.0.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">core</span>::<span class="ident">str</span>::{<span class="ident">FromStr</span>, <span class="ident">Utf8Error</span>};
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">allow</span>(<span class="ident">deprecated</span>)]</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"rust1"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.0.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">core</span>::<span class="ident">str</span>::{<span class="ident">Lines</span>, <span class="ident">LinesAny</span>};
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"rust1"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.0.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">core</span>::<span class="ident">str</span>::{<span class="ident">Split</span>, <span class="ident">RSplit</span>};
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"rust1"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.0.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">core</span>::<span class="ident">str</span>::{<span class="ident">SplitN</span>, <span class="ident">RSplitN</span>};
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"rust1"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.0.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">core</span>::<span class="ident">str</span>::{<span class="ident">SplitTerminator</span>, <span class="ident">RSplitTerminator</span>};
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"rust1"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.0.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">core</span>::<span class="ident">str</span>::{<span class="ident">Matches</span>, <span class="ident">RMatches</span>};
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"rust1"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.0.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">core</span>::<span class="ident">str</span>::{<span class="ident">MatchIndices</span>, <span class="ident">RMatchIndices</span>};
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"rust1"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.0.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">core</span>::<span class="ident">str</span>::{<span class="ident">from_utf8</span>, <span class="ident">from_utf8_mut</span>, <span class="ident">Chars</span>, <span class="ident">CharIndices</span>, <span class="ident">Bytes</span>};
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"rust1"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.0.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">core</span>::<span class="ident">str</span>::{<span class="ident">from_utf8_unchecked</span>, <span class="ident">from_utf8_unchecked_mut</span>, <span class="ident">ParseBoolError</span>};
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"rust1"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.0.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">core</span>::<span class="ident">str</span>::<span class="ident">SplitWhitespace</span>;
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"rust1"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.0.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">core</span>::<span class="ident">str</span>::<span class="ident">pattern</span>;
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"encode_utf16"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.8.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">core</span>::<span class="ident">str</span>::<span class="ident">EncodeUtf16</span>;
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"split_ascii_whitespace"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.34.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">core</span>::<span class="ident">str</span>::<span class="ident">SplitAsciiWhitespace</span>;
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">unstable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"slice_concat_ext"</span>,
<span class="ident">reason</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"trait should not have to exist"</span>,
<span class="ident">issue</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"27747"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">impl</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">S</span>: <span class="ident">Borrow</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">str</span><span class="op">>></span> <span class="ident">SliceConcatExt</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">str</span><span class="op">></span> <span class="kw">for</span> [<span class="ident">S</span>] {
<span class="kw">type</span> <span class="ident">Output</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">String</span>;
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">concat</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">String</span> {
<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">join</span>(<span class="string">""</span>)
}
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">join</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">sep</span>: <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="ident">str</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">String</span> {
<span class="kw">unsafe</span> {
<span class="ident">String</span>::<span class="ident">from_utf8_unchecked</span>( <span class="ident">join_generic_copy</span>(<span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">sep</span>.<span class="ident">as_bytes</span>()) )
}
}
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">connect</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">sep</span>: <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="ident">str</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">String</span> {
<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">join</span>(<span class="ident">sep</span>)
}
}
<span class="macro">macro_rules</span><span class="macro">!</span> <span class="ident">spezialize_for_lengths</span> {
(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$</span><span class="macro-nonterminal">separator</span>:<span class="ident">expr</span>, <span class="macro-nonterminal">$</span><span class="macro-nonterminal">target</span>:<span class="ident">expr</span>, <span class="macro-nonterminal">$</span><span class="macro-nonterminal">iter</span>:<span class="ident">expr</span>; $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$</span><span class="macro-nonterminal">num</span>:<span class="ident">expr</span>),<span class="kw-2">*</span>) <span class="op">=></span> {
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">target</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="macro-nonterminal">$</span><span class="macro-nonterminal">target</span>;
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">iter</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="macro-nonterminal">$</span><span class="macro-nonterminal">iter</span>;
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">sep_bytes</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="macro-nonterminal">$</span><span class="macro-nonterminal">separator</span>;
<span class="kw">match</span> <span class="macro-nonterminal">$</span><span class="macro-nonterminal">separator</span>.<span class="ident">len</span>() {
$(
<span class="comment">// loops with hardcoded sizes run much faster</span>
<span class="comment">// specialize the cases with small separator lengths</span>
<span class="macro-nonterminal">$</span><span class="macro-nonterminal">num</span> <span class="op">=></span> {
<span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">s</span> <span class="kw">in</span> <span class="ident">iter</span> {
<span class="macro">copy_slice_and_advance</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">target</span>, <span class="ident">sep_bytes</span>);
<span class="macro">copy_slice_and_advance</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">target</span>, <span class="ident">s</span>.<span class="ident">borrow</span>().<span class="ident">as_ref</span>());
}
},
)<span class="op">*</span>
<span class="kw">_</span> <span class="op">=></span> {
<span class="comment">// arbitrary non-zero size fallback</span>
<span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">s</span> <span class="kw">in</span> <span class="ident">iter</span> {
<span class="macro">copy_slice_and_advance</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">target</span>, <span class="ident">sep_bytes</span>);
<span class="macro">copy_slice_and_advance</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">target</span>, <span class="ident">s</span>.<span class="ident">borrow</span>().<span class="ident">as_ref</span>());
}
}
}
};
}
<span class="macro">macro_rules</span><span class="macro">!</span> <span class="ident">copy_slice_and_advance</span> {
(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$</span><span class="macro-nonterminal">target</span>:<span class="ident">expr</span>, <span class="macro-nonterminal">$</span><span class="macro-nonterminal">bytes</span>:<span class="ident">expr</span>) <span class="op">=></span> {
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">len</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="macro-nonterminal">$</span><span class="macro-nonterminal">bytes</span>.<span class="ident">len</span>();
<span class="kw">let</span> (<span class="ident">head</span>, <span class="ident">tail</span>) <span class="op">=</span> {<span class="macro-nonterminal">$</span><span class="macro-nonterminal">target</span>}.<span class="ident">split_at_mut</span>(<span class="ident">len</span>);
<span class="ident">head</span>.<span class="ident">copy_from_slice</span>(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$</span><span class="macro-nonterminal">bytes</span>);
<span class="macro-nonterminal">$</span><span class="macro-nonterminal">target</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">tail</span>;
}
}
<span class="comment">// Optimized join implementation that works for both Vec<T> (T: Copy) and String's inner vec</span>
<span class="comment">// Currently (2018-05-13) there is a bug with type inference and specialization (see issue #36262)</span>
<span class="comment">// For this reason SliceConcatExt<T> is not specialized for T: Copy and SliceConcatExt<str> is the</span>
<span class="comment">// only user of this function. It is left in place for the time when that is fixed.</span>
<span class="comment">//</span>
<span class="comment">// the bounds for String-join are S: Borrow<str> and for Vec-join Borrow<[T]></span>
<span class="comment">// [T] and str both impl AsRef<[T]> for some T</span>
<span class="comment">// => s.borrow().as_ref() and we always have slices</span>
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">join_generic_copy</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">B</span>, <span class="ident">T</span>, <span class="ident">S</span><span class="op">></span>(<span class="ident">slice</span>: <span class="kw-2">&</span>[<span class="ident">S</span>], <span class="ident">sep</span>: <span class="kw-2">&</span>[<span class="ident">T</span>]) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">Vec</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">T</span><span class="op">></span>
<span class="kw">where</span>
<span class="ident">T</span>: <span class="ident">Copy</span>,
<span class="ident">B</span>: <span class="ident">AsRef</span><span class="op"><</span>[<span class="ident">T</span>]<span class="op">></span> <span class="op">+</span> <span class="question-mark">?</span><span class="ident">Sized</span>,
<span class="ident">S</span>: <span class="ident">Borrow</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">B</span><span class="op">></span>,
{
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">sep_len</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">sep</span>.<span class="ident">len</span>();
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">iter</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">slice</span>.<span class="ident">iter</span>();
<span class="comment">// the first slice is the only one without a separator preceding it</span>
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">first</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="kw">match</span> <span class="ident">iter</span>.<span class="ident">next</span>() {
<span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(<span class="ident">first</span>) <span class="op">=></span> <span class="ident">first</span>,
<span class="prelude-val">None</span> <span class="op">=></span> <span class="kw">return</span> <span class="macro">vec</span><span class="macro">!</span>[],
};
<span class="comment">// compute the exact total length of the joined Vec</span>
<span class="comment">// if the `len` calculation overflows, we'll panic</span>
<span class="comment">// we would have run out of memory anyway and the rest of the function requires</span>
<span class="comment">// the entire Vec pre-allocated for safety</span>
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">len</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">sep_len</span>.<span class="ident">checked_mul</span>(<span class="ident">iter</span>.<span class="ident">len</span>()).<span class="ident">and_then</span>(<span class="op">|</span><span class="ident">n</span><span class="op">|</span> {
<span class="ident">slice</span>.<span class="ident">iter</span>()
.<span class="ident">map</span>(<span class="op">|</span><span class="ident">s</span><span class="op">|</span> <span class="ident">s</span>.<span class="ident">borrow</span>().<span class="ident">as_ref</span>().<span class="ident">len</span>())
.<span class="ident">try_fold</span>(<span class="ident">n</span>, <span class="ident">usize</span>::<span class="ident">checked_add</span>)
}).<span class="ident">expect</span>(<span class="string">"attempt to join into collection with len > usize::MAX"</span>);
<span class="comment">// crucial for safety</span>
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">result</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">Vec</span>::<span class="ident">with_capacity</span>(<span class="ident">len</span>);
<span class="macro">assert</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">result</span>.<span class="ident">capacity</span>() <span class="op">>=</span> <span class="ident">len</span>);
<span class="ident">result</span>.<span class="ident">extend_from_slice</span>(<span class="ident">first</span>.<span class="ident">borrow</span>().<span class="ident">as_ref</span>());
<span class="kw">unsafe</span> {
{
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">pos</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">result</span>.<span class="ident">len</span>();
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">target</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">result</span>.<span class="ident">get_unchecked_mut</span>(<span class="ident">pos</span>..<span class="ident">len</span>);
<span class="comment">// copy separator and slices over without bounds checks</span>
<span class="comment">// generate loops with hardcoded offsets for small separators</span>
<span class="comment">// massive improvements possible (~ x2)</span>
<span class="macro">spezialize_for_lengths</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">sep</span>, <span class="ident">target</span>, <span class="ident">iter</span>; <span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">1</span>, <span class="number">2</span>, <span class="number">3</span>, <span class="number">4</span>);
}
<span class="ident">result</span>.<span class="ident">set_len</span>(<span class="ident">len</span>);
}
<span class="ident">result</span>
}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"rust1"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.0.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">Borrow</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">str</span><span class="op">></span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">String</span> {
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">inline</span>]</span>
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">borrow</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="ident">str</span> {
<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>[..]
}
}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"rust1"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.0.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">ToOwned</span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">str</span> {
<span class="kw">type</span> <span class="ident">Owned</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">String</span>;
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">inline</span>]</span>
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">to_owned</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">String</span> {
<span class="kw">unsafe</span> { <span class="ident">String</span>::<span class="ident">from_utf8_unchecked</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">as_bytes</span>().<span class="ident">to_owned</span>()) }
}
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">clone_into</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">target</span>: <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">String</span>) {
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">b</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">mem</span>::<span class="ident">replace</span>(<span class="ident">target</span>, <span class="ident">String</span>::<span class="ident">new</span>()).<span class="ident">into_bytes</span>();
<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">as_bytes</span>().<span class="ident">clone_into</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">b</span>);
<span class="kw-2">*</span><span class="ident">target</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="kw">unsafe</span> { <span class="ident">String</span>::<span class="ident">from_utf8_unchecked</span>(<span class="ident">b</span>) }
}
}
<span class="doccomment">/// Methods for string slices.</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">lang</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"str_alloc"</span>]</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">cfg</span>(<span class="ident">not</span>(<span class="ident">test</span>))]</span>
<span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">str</span> {
<span class="doccomment">/// Converts a `Box<str>` into a `Box<[u8]>` without copying or allocating.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// # Examples</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// Basic usage:</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let s = "this is a string";</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let boxed_str = s.to_owned().into_boxed_str();</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let boxed_bytes = boxed_str.into_boxed_bytes();</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// assert_eq!(*boxed_bytes, *s.as_bytes());</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"str_box_extras"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.20.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">inline</span>]</span>
<span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">into_boxed_bytes</span>(<span class="self">self</span>: <span class="ident">Box</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">str</span><span class="op">></span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">Box</span><span class="op"><</span>[<span class="ident">u8</span>]<span class="op">></span> {
<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">into</span>()
}
<span class="doccomment">/// Replaces all matches of a pattern with another string.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// `replace` creates a new [`String`], and copies the data from this string slice into it.</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// While doing so, it attempts to find matches of a pattern. If it finds any, it</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// replaces them with the replacement string slice.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`String`]: string/struct.String.html</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// # Examples</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// Basic usage:</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let s = "this is old";</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// assert_eq!("this is new", s.replace("old", "new"));</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// When the pattern doesn't match:</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let s = "this is old";</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// assert_eq!(s, s.replace("cookie monster", "little lamb"));</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">must_use</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"this returns the replaced string as a new allocation, \
without modifying the original"</span>]</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"rust1"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.0.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">inline</span>]</span>
<span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">replace</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span>, <span class="ident">P</span>: <span class="ident">Pattern</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span><span class="op">>></span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span> <span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">from</span>: <span class="ident">P</span>, <span class="ident">to</span>: <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="ident">str</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">String</span> {
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">result</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">String</span>::<span class="ident">new</span>();
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">last_end</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="number">0</span>;
<span class="kw">for</span> (<span class="ident">start</span>, <span class="ident">part</span>) <span class="kw">in</span> <span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">match_indices</span>(<span class="ident">from</span>) {
<span class="ident">result</span>.<span class="ident">push_str</span>(<span class="kw">unsafe</span> { <span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">get_unchecked</span>(<span class="ident">last_end</span>..<span class="ident">start</span>) });
<span class="ident">result</span>.<span class="ident">push_str</span>(<span class="ident">to</span>);
<span class="ident">last_end</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">start</span> <span class="op">+</span> <span class="ident">part</span>.<span class="ident">len</span>();
}
<span class="ident">result</span>.<span class="ident">push_str</span>(<span class="kw">unsafe</span> { <span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">get_unchecked</span>(<span class="ident">last_end</span>..<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">len</span>()) });
<span class="ident">result</span>
}
<span class="doccomment">/// Replaces first N matches of a pattern with another string.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// `replacen` creates a new [`String`], and copies the data from this string slice into it.</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// While doing so, it attempts to find matches of a pattern. If it finds any, it</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// replaces them with the replacement string slice at most `count` times.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`String`]: string/struct.String.html</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// # Examples</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// Basic usage:</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let s = "foo foo 123 foo";</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// assert_eq!("new new 123 foo", s.replacen("foo", "new", 2));</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// assert_eq!("faa fao 123 foo", s.replacen('o', "a", 3));</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// assert_eq!("foo foo new23 foo", s.replacen(char::is_numeric, "new", 1));</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// When the pattern doesn't match:</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let s = "this is old";</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// assert_eq!(s, s.replacen("cookie monster", "little lamb", 10));</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">must_use</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"this returns the replaced string as a new allocation, \
without modifying the original"</span>]</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"str_replacen"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.16.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">replacen</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span>, <span class="ident">P</span>: <span class="ident">Pattern</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span><span class="op">>></span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span> <span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">pat</span>: <span class="ident">P</span>, <span class="ident">to</span>: <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="ident">str</span>, <span class="ident">count</span>: <span class="ident">usize</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">String</span> {
<span class="comment">// Hope to reduce the times of re-allocation</span>
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">result</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">String</span>::<span class="ident">with_capacity</span>(<span class="number">32</span>);
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">last_end</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="number">0</span>;
<span class="kw">for</span> (<span class="ident">start</span>, <span class="ident">part</span>) <span class="kw">in</span> <span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">match_indices</span>(<span class="ident">pat</span>).<span class="ident">take</span>(<span class="ident">count</span>) {
<span class="ident">result</span>.<span class="ident">push_str</span>(<span class="kw">unsafe</span> { <span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">get_unchecked</span>(<span class="ident">last_end</span>..<span class="ident">start</span>) });
<span class="ident">result</span>.<span class="ident">push_str</span>(<span class="ident">to</span>);
<span class="ident">last_end</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">start</span> <span class="op">+</span> <span class="ident">part</span>.<span class="ident">len</span>();
}
<span class="ident">result</span>.<span class="ident">push_str</span>(<span class="kw">unsafe</span> { <span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">get_unchecked</span>(<span class="ident">last_end</span>..<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">len</span>()) });
<span class="ident">result</span>
}
<span class="doccomment">/// Returns the lowercase equivalent of this string slice, as a new [`String`].</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// 'Lowercase' is defined according to the terms of the Unicode Derived Core Property</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// `Lowercase`.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// Since some characters can expand into multiple characters when changing</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// the case, this function returns a [`String`] instead of modifying the</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// parameter in-place.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`String`]: string/struct.String.html</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// # Examples</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// Basic usage:</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let s = "HELLO";</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// assert_eq!("hello", s.to_lowercase());</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// A tricky example, with sigma:</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let sigma = "Σ";</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// assert_eq!("σ", sigma.to_lowercase());</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// // but at the end of a word, it's ς, not σ:</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let odysseus = "ὈΔΥΣΣΕΎΣ";</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// assert_eq!("ὀδυσσεύς", odysseus.to_lowercase());</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// Languages without case are not changed:</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let new_year = "农历新年";</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// assert_eq!(new_year, new_year.to_lowercase());</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"unicode_case_mapping"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.2.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">to_lowercase</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">String</span> {
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">s</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">String</span>::<span class="ident">with_capacity</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">len</span>());
<span class="kw">for</span> (<span class="ident">i</span>, <span class="ident">c</span>) <span class="kw">in</span> <span class="self">self</span>[..].<span class="ident">char_indices</span>() {
<span class="kw">if</span> <span class="ident">c</span> <span class="op">==</span> <span class="string">'Σ'</span> {
<span class="comment">// Σ maps to σ, except at the end of a word where it maps to ς.</span>
<span class="comment">// This is the only conditional (contextual) but language-independent mapping</span>
<span class="comment">// in `SpecialCasing.txt`,</span>
<span class="comment">// so hard-code it rather than have a generic "condition" mechanism.</span>
<span class="comment">// See https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/26035</span>
<span class="ident">map_uppercase_sigma</span>(<span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">i</span>, <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">s</span>)
} <span class="kw">else</span> {
<span class="kw">match</span> <span class="ident">conversions</span>::<span class="ident">to_lower</span>(<span class="ident">c</span>) {
[<span class="ident">a</span>, <span class="string">'\0'</span>, <span class="kw">_</span>] <span class="op">=></span> <span class="ident">s</span>.<span class="ident">push</span>(<span class="ident">a</span>),
[<span class="ident">a</span>, <span class="ident">b</span>, <span class="string">'\0'</span>] <span class="op">=></span> {
<span class="ident">s</span>.<span class="ident">push</span>(<span class="ident">a</span>);
<span class="ident">s</span>.<span class="ident">push</span>(<span class="ident">b</span>);
}
[<span class="ident">a</span>, <span class="ident">b</span>, <span class="ident">c</span>] <span class="op">=></span> {
<span class="ident">s</span>.<span class="ident">push</span>(<span class="ident">a</span>);
<span class="ident">s</span>.<span class="ident">push</span>(<span class="ident">b</span>);
<span class="ident">s</span>.<span class="ident">push</span>(<span class="ident">c</span>);
}
}
}
}
<span class="kw">return</span> <span class="ident">s</span>;
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">map_uppercase_sigma</span>(<span class="ident">from</span>: <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="ident">str</span>, <span class="ident">i</span>: <span class="ident">usize</span>, <span class="ident">to</span>: <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">String</span>) {
<span class="comment">// See http://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode7.0.0/ch03.pdf#G33992</span>
<span class="comment">// for the definition of `Final_Sigma`.</span>
<span class="macro">debug_assert</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="string">'Σ'</span>.<span class="ident">len_utf8</span>() <span class="op">==</span> <span class="number">2</span>);
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">is_word_final</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">case_ignoreable_then_cased</span>(<span class="ident">from</span>[..<span class="ident">i</span>].<span class="ident">chars</span>().<span class="ident">rev</span>()) <span class="op">&&</span>
<span class="op">!</span><span class="ident">case_ignoreable_then_cased</span>(<span class="ident">from</span>[<span class="ident">i</span> <span class="op">+</span> <span class="number">2</span>..].<span class="ident">chars</span>());
<span class="ident">to</span>.<span class="ident">push_str</span>(<span class="kw">if</span> <span class="ident">is_word_final</span> { <span class="string">"ς"</span> } <span class="kw">else</span> { <span class="string">"σ"</span> });
}
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">case_ignoreable_then_cased</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">I</span>: <span class="ident">Iterator</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">Item</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">char</span><span class="op">>></span>(<span class="ident">iter</span>: <span class="ident">I</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">bool</span> {
<span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">core</span>::<span class="ident">unicode</span>::<span class="ident">derived_property</span>::{<span class="ident">Cased</span>, <span class="ident">Case_Ignorable</span>};
<span class="kw">match</span> <span class="ident">iter</span>.<span class="ident">skip_while</span>(<span class="op">|</span><span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="ident">c</span><span class="op">|</span> <span class="ident">Case_Ignorable</span>(<span class="ident">c</span>)).<span class="ident">next</span>() {
<span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(<span class="ident">c</span>) <span class="op">=></span> <span class="ident">Cased</span>(<span class="ident">c</span>),
<span class="prelude-val">None</span> <span class="op">=></span> <span class="bool-val">false</span>,
}
}
}
<span class="doccomment">/// Returns the uppercase equivalent of this string slice, as a new [`String`].</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// 'Uppercase' is defined according to the terms of the Unicode Derived Core Property</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// `Uppercase`.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// Since some characters can expand into multiple characters when changing</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// the case, this function returns a [`String`] instead of modifying the</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// parameter in-place.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`String`]: string/struct.String.html</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// # Examples</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// Basic usage:</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let s = "hello";</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// assert_eq!("HELLO", s.to_uppercase());</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// Scripts without case are not changed:</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let new_year = "农历新年";</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// assert_eq!(new_year, new_year.to_uppercase());</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"unicode_case_mapping"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.2.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">to_uppercase</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">String</span> {
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">s</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">String</span>::<span class="ident">with_capacity</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">len</span>());
<span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">c</span> <span class="kw">in</span> <span class="self">self</span>[..].<span class="ident">chars</span>() {
<span class="kw">match</span> <span class="ident">conversions</span>::<span class="ident">to_upper</span>(<span class="ident">c</span>) {
[<span class="ident">a</span>, <span class="string">'\0'</span>, <span class="kw">_</span>] <span class="op">=></span> <span class="ident">s</span>.<span class="ident">push</span>(<span class="ident">a</span>),
[<span class="ident">a</span>, <span class="ident">b</span>, <span class="string">'\0'</span>] <span class="op">=></span> {
<span class="ident">s</span>.<span class="ident">push</span>(<span class="ident">a</span>);
<span class="ident">s</span>.<span class="ident">push</span>(<span class="ident">b</span>);
}
[<span class="ident">a</span>, <span class="ident">b</span>, <span class="ident">c</span>] <span class="op">=></span> {
<span class="ident">s</span>.<span class="ident">push</span>(<span class="ident">a</span>);
<span class="ident">s</span>.<span class="ident">push</span>(<span class="ident">b</span>);
<span class="ident">s</span>.<span class="ident">push</span>(<span class="ident">c</span>);
}
}
}
<span class="kw">return</span> <span class="ident">s</span>;
}
<span class="doccomment">/// Converts a [`Box<str>`] into a [`String`] without copying or allocating.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`String`]: string/struct.String.html</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`Box<str>`]: boxed/struct.Box.html</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// # Examples</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// Basic usage:</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let string = String::from("birthday gift");</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let boxed_str = string.clone().into_boxed_str();</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// assert_eq!(boxed_str.into_string(), string);</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"box_str"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.4.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">inline</span>]</span>
<span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">into_string</span>(<span class="self">self</span>: <span class="ident">Box</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">str</span><span class="op">></span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">String</span> {
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">slice</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">Box</span>::<span class="op"><</span>[<span class="ident">u8</span>]<span class="op">></span>::<span class="ident">from</span>(<span class="self">self</span>);
<span class="kw">unsafe</span> { <span class="ident">String</span>::<span class="ident">from_utf8_unchecked</span>(<span class="ident">slice</span>.<span class="ident">into_vec</span>()) }
}
<span class="doccomment">/// Creates a new [`String`] by repeating a string `n` times.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// # Panics</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// This function will panic if the capacity would overflow.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`String`]: string/struct.String.html</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// # Examples</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// Basic usage:</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// assert_eq!("abc".repeat(4), String::from("abcabcabcabc"));</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// A panic upon overflow:</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```should_panic</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// fn main() {</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// // this will panic at runtime</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// "0123456789abcdef".repeat(usize::max_value());</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// }</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"repeat_str"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.16.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">repeat</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">n</span>: <span class="ident">usize</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">String</span> {
<span class="kw">unsafe</span> { <span class="ident">String</span>::<span class="ident">from_utf8_unchecked</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">as_bytes</span>().<span class="ident">repeat</span>(<span class="ident">n</span>)) }
}
<span class="doccomment">/// Returns a copy of this string where each character is mapped to its</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ASCII upper case equivalent.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ASCII letters 'a' to 'z' are mapped to 'A' to 'Z',</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// but non-ASCII letters are unchanged.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// To uppercase the value in-place, use [`make_ascii_uppercase`].</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// To uppercase ASCII characters in addition to non-ASCII characters, use</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`to_uppercase`].</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// # Examples</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let s = "Grüße, Jürgen ❤";</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// assert_eq!("GRüßE, JüRGEN ❤", s.to_ascii_uppercase());</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`make_ascii_uppercase`]: #method.make_ascii_uppercase</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`to_uppercase`]: #method.to_uppercase</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"ascii_methods_on_intrinsics"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.23.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">inline</span>]</span>
<span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">to_ascii_uppercase</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">String</span> {
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">bytes</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">as_bytes</span>().<span class="ident">to_vec</span>();
<span class="ident">bytes</span>.<span class="ident">make_ascii_uppercase</span>();
<span class="comment">// make_ascii_uppercase() preserves the UTF-8 invariant.</span>
<span class="kw">unsafe</span> { <span class="ident">String</span>::<span class="ident">from_utf8_unchecked</span>(<span class="ident">bytes</span>) }
}
<span class="doccomment">/// Returns a copy of this string where each character is mapped to its</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ASCII lower case equivalent.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ASCII letters 'A' to 'Z' are mapped to 'a' to 'z',</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// but non-ASCII letters are unchanged.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// To lowercase the value in-place, use [`make_ascii_lowercase`].</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// To lowercase ASCII characters in addition to non-ASCII characters, use</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`to_lowercase`].</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// # Examples</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let s = "Grüße, Jürgen ❤";</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// assert_eq!("grüße, jürgen ❤", s.to_ascii_lowercase());</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`make_ascii_lowercase`]: #method.make_ascii_lowercase</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`to_lowercase`]: #method.to_lowercase</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"ascii_methods_on_intrinsics"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.23.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">inline</span>]</span>
<span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">to_ascii_lowercase</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">String</span> {
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">bytes</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">as_bytes</span>().<span class="ident">to_vec</span>();
<span class="ident">bytes</span>.<span class="ident">make_ascii_lowercase</span>();
<span class="comment">// make_ascii_lowercase() preserves the UTF-8 invariant.</span>
<span class="kw">unsafe</span> { <span class="ident">String</span>::<span class="ident">from_utf8_unchecked</span>(<span class="ident">bytes</span>) }
}
}
<span class="doccomment">/// Converts a boxed slice of bytes to a boxed string slice without checking</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// that the string contains valid UTF-8.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// # Examples</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// Basic usage:</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let smile_utf8 = Box::new([226, 152, 186]);</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let smile = unsafe { std::str::from_boxed_utf8_unchecked(smile_utf8) };</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// assert_eq!("☺", &*smile);</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"str_box_extras"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.20.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">inline</span>]</span>
<span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">unsafe</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">from_boxed_utf8_unchecked</span>(<span class="ident">v</span>: <span class="ident">Box</span><span class="op"><</span>[<span class="ident">u8</span>]<span class="op">></span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">Box</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">str</span><span class="op">></span> {
<span class="ident">Box</span>::<span class="ident">from_raw</span>(<span class="ident">Box</span>::<span class="ident">into_raw</span>(<span class="ident">v</span>) <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="kw-2">*</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">str</span>)
}
</pre></div>
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