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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charset="utf-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"><meta name="generator" content="rustdoc"><meta name="description" content="API documentation for the Rust `Once` struct in crate `std`."><meta name="keywords" content="rust, rustlang, rust-lang, Once"><title>std::sync::Once - Rust</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../../normalize1.35.0.css"><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../../rustdoc1.35.0.css" id="mainThemeStyle"><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../../dark1.35.0.css"><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../../light1.35.0.css" id="themeStyle"><script src="../../storage1.35.0.js"></script><noscript><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../noscript1.35.0.css"></noscript><link rel="shortcut icon" href="../../favicon1.35.0.ico"><style type="text/css">#crate-search{background-image:url("../../down-arrow1.35.0.svg");}</style></head><body class="rustdoc struct"><!--[if lte IE 8]><div class="warning">This old browser is unsupported and will most likely display funky things.</div><![endif]--><nav class="sidebar"><div class="sidebar-menu">&#9776;</div><a href='../../std/index.html'><img src='../../rust-logo1.35.0.png' alt='logo' width='100'></a><p class='location'>Struct Once</p><div class="sidebar-elems"><div class="block items"><a class="sidebar-title" href="#methods">Methods</a><div class="sidebar-links"><a href="#method.call_once">call_once</a><a href="#method.call_once_force">call_once_force</a><a href="#method.is_completed">is_completed</a><a href="#method.new">new</a></div><a class="sidebar-title" href="#implementations">Trait Implementations</a><div class="sidebar-links"><a href="#impl-Debug">Debug</a><a href="#impl-Send">Send</a><a href="#impl-Sync">Sync</a></div><a class="sidebar-title" href="#blanket-implementations">Blanket Implementations</a><div class="sidebar-links"><a href="#impl-Any">Any</a><a href="#impl-Borrow">Borrow</a><a href="#impl-BorrowMut">BorrowMut</a><a href="#impl-From">From</a><a href="#impl-Into">Into</a><a href="#impl-TryFrom">TryFrom</a><a href="#impl-TryInto">TryInto</a></div></div><p class='location'><a href='../index.html'>std</a>::<wbr><a href='index.html'>sync</a></p><script>window.sidebarCurrent = {name: 'Once', ty: 'struct', relpath: ''};</script><script defer src="sidebar-items.js"></script></div></nav><div class="theme-picker"><button id="theme-picker" aria-label="Pick another theme!"><img src="../../brush1.35.0.svg" width="18" alt="Pick another theme!"></button><div id="theme-choices"></div></div><script src="../../theme1.35.0.js"></script><nav class="sub"><form class="search-form js-only"><div class="search-container"><div><select id="crate-search"><option value="All crates">All crates</option></select><input class="search-input" name="search" autocomplete="off" spellcheck="false" placeholder="Click or press ‘S’ to search, ‘?’ for more options…" type="search"></div><a id="settings-menu" href="../../settings.html"><img src="../../wheel1.35.0.svg" width="18" alt="Change settings"></a></div></form></nav><section id="main" class="content"><h1 class='fqn'><span class='out-of-band'><span class='since' title='Stable since Rust version 1.0.0'>1.0.0</span><span id='render-detail'><a id="toggle-all-docs" href="javascript:void(0)" title="collapse all docs">[<span class='inner'>&#x2212;</span>]</a></span><a class='srclink' href='../../src/std/sync/once.rs.html#81-86' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></span><span class='in-band'>Struct <a href='../index.html'>std</a>::<wbr><a href='index.html'>sync</a>::<wbr><a class="struct" href=''>Once</a></span></h1><div class="docblock type-decl hidden-by-usual-hider"><pre class='rust struct'>pub struct Once { /* fields omitted */ }</pre></div><div class='docblock'><p>A synchronization primitive which can be used to run a one-time global
initialization. Useful for one-time initialization for FFI or related
functionality. This type can only be constructed with the <a href="constant.ONCE_INIT.html"><code>ONCE_INIT</code></a>
value or the equivalent <a href="struct.Once.html#method.new"><code>Once::new</code></a> constructor.</p>
<h1 id="examples" class="section-header"><a href="#examples">Examples</a></h1>
<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="rust rust-example-rendered">
<span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">std</span>::<span class="ident">sync</span>::<span class="ident">Once</span>;

<span class="kw">static</span> <span class="ident">START</span>: <span class="ident">Once</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">Once</span>::<span class="ident">new</span>();

<span class="ident">START</span>.<span class="ident">call_once</span>(<span class="op">||</span> {
    <span class="comment">// run initialization here</span>
});<a class="test-arrow" target="_blank" href="https://play.rust-lang.org/?code=%23!%5Ballow(unused)%5D%0Afn%20main()%20%7B%0Ause%20std%3A%3Async%3A%3AOnce%3B%0A%0Astatic%20START%3A%20Once%20%3D%20Once%3A%3Anew()%3B%0A%0ASTART.call_once(%7C%7C%20%7B%0A%20%20%20%20%2F%2F%20run%20initialization%20here%0A%7D)%3B%0A%7D">Run</a></pre></div>
</div><h2 id='methods' class='small-section-header'>Methods<a href='#methods' class='anchor'></a></h2><h3 id='impl' class='impl'><code class='in-band'>impl <a class="struct" href="../../std/sync/struct.Once.html" title="struct std::sync::Once">Once</a></code><a href='#impl' class='anchor'></a><a class='srclink' href='../../src/std/sync/once.rs.html#145-430' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></h3><div class='impl-items'><h4 id='method.new' class="method"><code id='new.v'>pub const fn <a href='#method.new' class='fnname'>new</a>() -&gt; <a class="struct" href="../../std/sync/struct.Once.html" title="struct std::sync::Once">Once</a></code><div class='since' title='Stable since Rust version 1.2.0'>1.2.0</div><a class='srclink' href='../../src/std/sync/once.rs.html#148-153' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></h4><div class='docblock'><p>Creates a new <code>Once</code> value.</p>
</div><h4 id='method.call_once' class="method"><code id='call_once.v'>pub fn <a href='#method.call_once' class='fnname'>call_once</a>&lt;F&gt;(&amp;self, f: F) <span class="where fmt-newline">where<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;F: <a class="trait" href="../../std/ops/trait.FnOnce.html" title="trait std::ops::FnOnce">FnOnce</a>(),&nbsp;</span></code><a class='srclink' href='../../src/std/sync/once.rs.html#213-221' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></h4><div class='docblock'><p>Performs an initialization routine once and only once. The given closure
will be executed if this is the first time <code>call_once</code> has been called,
and otherwise the routine will <em>not</em> be invoked.</p>
<p>This method will block the calling thread if another initialization
routine is currently running.</p>
<p>When this function returns, it is guaranteed that some initialization
has run and completed (it may not be the closure specified). It is also
guaranteed that any memory writes performed by the executed closure can
be reliably observed by other threads at this point (there is a
happens-before relation between the closure and code executing after the
return).</p>
<p>If the given closure recursively invokes <code>call_once</code> on the same <code>Once</code>
instance the exact behavior is not specified, allowed outcomes are
a panic or a deadlock.</p>
<h1 id="examples-1" class="section-header"><a href="#examples-1">Examples</a></h1>
<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="rust rust-example-rendered">
<span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">std</span>::<span class="ident">sync</span>::<span class="ident">Once</span>;

<span class="kw">static</span> <span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">VAL</span>: <span class="ident">usize</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="number">0</span>;
<span class="kw">static</span> <span class="ident">INIT</span>: <span class="ident">Once</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">Once</span>::<span class="ident">new</span>();

<span class="comment">// Accessing a `static mut` is unsafe much of the time, but if we do so</span>
<span class="comment">// in a synchronized fashion (e.g., write once or read all) then we&#39;re</span>
<span class="comment">// good to go!</span>
<span class="comment">//</span>
<span class="comment">// This function will only call `expensive_computation` once, and will</span>
<span class="comment">// otherwise always return the value returned from the first invocation.</span>
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">get_cached_val</span>() <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="ident">usize</span> {
    <span class="kw">unsafe</span> {
        <span class="ident">INIT</span>.<span class="ident">call_once</span>(<span class="op">||</span> {
            <span class="ident">VAL</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">expensive_computation</span>();
        });
        <span class="ident">VAL</span>
    }
}

<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">expensive_computation</span>() <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="ident">usize</span> {
    <span class="comment">// ...</span>
}<a class="test-arrow" target="_blank" href="https://play.rust-lang.org/?code=%23!%5Ballow(unused)%5D%0Afn%20main()%20%7B%0Ause%20std%3A%3Async%3A%3AOnce%3B%0A%0Astatic%20mut%20VAL%3A%20usize%20%3D%200%3B%0Astatic%20INIT%3A%20Once%20%3D%20Once%3A%3Anew()%3B%0A%0A%2F%2F%20Accessing%20a%20%60static%20mut%60%20is%20unsafe%20much%20of%20the%20time%2C%20but%20if%20we%20do%20so%0A%2F%2F%20in%20a%20synchronized%20fashion%20(e.g.%2C%20write%20once%20or%20read%20all)%20then%20we're%0A%2F%2F%20good%20to%20go!%0A%2F%2F%0A%2F%2F%20This%20function%20will%20only%20call%20%60expensive_computation%60%20once%2C%20and%20will%0A%2F%2F%20otherwise%20always%20return%20the%20value%20returned%20from%20the%20first%20invocation.%0Afn%20get_cached_val()%20-%3E%20usize%20%7B%0A%20%20%20%20unsafe%20%7B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20INIT.call_once(%7C%7C%20%7B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20VAL%20%3D%20expensive_computation()%3B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%7D)%3B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20VAL%0A%20%20%20%20%7D%0A%7D%0A%0Afn%20expensive_computation()%20-%3E%20usize%20%7B%0A%20%20%20%20%2F%2F%20...%0A2%0A%7D%0A%7D">Run</a></pre></div>
<h1 id="panics" class="section-header"><a href="#panics">Panics</a></h1>
<p>The closure <code>f</code> will only be executed once if this is called
concurrently amongst many threads. If that closure panics, however, then
it will <em>poison</em> this <code>Once</code> instance, causing all future invocations of
<code>call_once</code> to also panic.</p>
<p>This is similar to <a href="struct.Mutex.html#poisoning">poisoning with mutexes</a>.</p>
</div><h4 id='method.call_once_force' class="method"><code id='call_once_force.v'>pub fn <a href='#method.call_once_force' class='fnname'>call_once_force</a>&lt;F&gt;(&amp;self, f: F) <span class="where fmt-newline">where<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;F: <a class="trait" href="../../std/ops/trait.FnOnce.html" title="trait std::ops::FnOnce">FnOnce</a>(&amp;<a class="struct" href="../../std/sync/struct.OnceState.html" title="struct std::sync::OnceState">OnceState</a>),&nbsp;</span></code><a class='srclink' href='../../src/std/sync/once.rs.html#270-280' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></h4><div class='stability'><div class='stab unstable'><span class='emoji'>🔬</span> This is a nightly-only experimental API. (<code>once_poison</code>&nbsp;<a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/33577">#33577</a>)</div></div><div class='docblock'><p>Performs the same function as <a href="struct.Once.html#method.call_once"><code>call_once</code></a> except ignores poisoning.</p>
<p>Unlike <a href="struct.Once.html#method.call_once"><code>call_once</code></a>, if this <code>Once</code> has been poisoned (i.e., a previous
call to <code>call_once</code> or <code>call_once_force</code> caused a panic), calling
<code>call_once_force</code> will still invoke the closure <code>f</code> and will <em>not</em>
result in an immediate panic. If <code>f</code> panics, the <code>Once</code> will remain
in a poison state. If <code>f</code> does <em>not</em> panic, the <code>Once</code> will no
longer be in a poison state and all future calls to <code>call_once</code> or
<code>call_one_force</code> will be no-ops.</p>
<p>The closure <code>f</code> is yielded a <a href="struct.OnceState.html"><code>OnceState</code></a> structure which can be used
to query the poison status of the <code>Once</code>.</p>
<h1 id="examples-2" class="section-header"><a href="#examples-2">Examples</a></h1>
<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="rust rust-example-rendered">
<span class="attribute">#![<span class="ident">feature</span>(<span class="ident">once_poison</span>)]</span>

<span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">std</span>::<span class="ident">sync</span>::<span class="ident">Once</span>;
<span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">std</span>::<span class="ident">thread</span>;

<span class="kw">static</span> <span class="ident">INIT</span>: <span class="ident">Once</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">Once</span>::<span class="ident">new</span>();

<span class="comment">// poison the once</span>
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">handle</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">thread</span>::<span class="ident">spawn</span>(<span class="op">||</span> {
    <span class="ident">INIT</span>.<span class="ident">call_once</span>(<span class="op">||</span> <span class="macro">panic</span><span class="macro">!</span>());
});
<span class="macro">assert</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">handle</span>.<span class="ident">join</span>().<span class="ident">is_err</span>());

<span class="comment">// poisoning propagates</span>
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">handle</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">thread</span>::<span class="ident">spawn</span>(<span class="op">||</span> {
    <span class="ident">INIT</span>.<span class="ident">call_once</span>(<span class="op">||</span> {});
});
<span class="macro">assert</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">handle</span>.<span class="ident">join</span>().<span class="ident">is_err</span>());

<span class="comment">// call_once_force will still run and reset the poisoned state</span>
<span class="ident">INIT</span>.<span class="ident">call_once_force</span>(<span class="op">|</span><span class="ident">state</span><span class="op">|</span> {
    <span class="macro">assert</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">state</span>.<span class="ident">poisoned</span>());
});

<span class="comment">// once any success happens, we stop propagating the poison</span>
<span class="ident">INIT</span>.<span class="ident">call_once</span>(<span class="op">||</span> {});<a class="test-arrow" target="_blank" href="https://play.rust-lang.org/?code=%23!%5Ballow(unused)%5D%0A%23!%5Bfeature(once_poison)%5D%0A%0Afn%20main()%20%7B%0Ause%20std%3A%3Async%3A%3AOnce%3B%0Ause%20std%3A%3Athread%3B%0A%0Astatic%20INIT%3A%20Once%20%3D%20Once%3A%3Anew()%3B%0A%0A%2F%2F%20poison%20the%20once%0Alet%20handle%20%3D%20thread%3A%3Aspawn(%7C%7C%20%7B%0A%20%20%20%20INIT.call_once(%7C%7C%20panic!())%3B%0A%7D)%3B%0Aassert!(handle.join().is_err())%3B%0A%0A%2F%2F%20poisoning%20propagates%0Alet%20handle%20%3D%20thread%3A%3Aspawn(%7C%7C%20%7B%0A%20%20%20%20INIT.call_once(%7C%7C%20%7B%7D)%3B%0A%7D)%3B%0Aassert!(handle.join().is_err())%3B%0A%0A%2F%2F%20call_once_force%20will%20still%20run%20and%20reset%20the%20poisoned%20state%0AINIT.call_once_force(%7Cstate%7C%20%7B%0A%20%20%20%20assert!(state.poisoned())%3B%0A%7D)%3B%0A%0A%2F%2F%20once%20any%20success%20happens%2C%20we%20stop%20propagating%20the%20poison%0AINIT.call_once(%7C%7C%20%7B%7D)%3B%0A%7D&amp;version=nightly">Run</a></pre></div>
</div><h4 id='method.is_completed' class="method"><code id='is_completed.v'>pub fn <a href='#method.is_completed' class='fnname'>is_completed</a>(&amp;self) -&gt; <a class="primitive" href="../primitive.bool.html">bool</a></code><a class='srclink' href='../../src/std/sync/once.rs.html#324-330' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></h4><div class='stability'><div class='stab unstable'><span class='emoji'>🔬</span> This is a nightly-only experimental API. (<code>once_is_completed</code>&nbsp;<a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/54890">#54890</a>)</div></div><div class='docblock'><p>Returns <code>true</code> if some <code>call_once</code> call has completed
successfully. Specifically, <code>is_completed</code> will return false in
the following situations:</p>
<ul>
<li><code>call_once</code> was not called at all,</li>
<li><code>call_once</code> was called, but has not yet completed,</li>
<li>the <code>Once</code> instance is poisoned</li>
</ul>
<p>It is also possible that immediately after <code>is_completed</code>
returns false, some other thread finishes executing
<code>call_once</code>.</p>
<h1 id="examples-3" class="section-header"><a href="#examples-3">Examples</a></h1>
<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="rust rust-example-rendered">
<span class="attribute">#![<span class="ident">feature</span>(<span class="ident">once_is_completed</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">std</span>::<span class="ident">sync</span>::<span class="ident">Once</span>;

<span class="kw">static</span> <span class="ident">INIT</span>: <span class="ident">Once</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">Once</span>::<span class="ident">new</span>();

<span class="macro">assert_eq</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">INIT</span>.<span class="ident">is_completed</span>(), <span class="bool-val">false</span>);
<span class="ident">INIT</span>.<span class="ident">call_once</span>(<span class="op">||</span> {
    <span class="macro">assert_eq</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">INIT</span>.<span class="ident">is_completed</span>(), <span class="bool-val">false</span>);
});
<span class="macro">assert_eq</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">INIT</span>.<span class="ident">is_completed</span>(), <span class="bool-val">true</span>);<a class="test-arrow" target="_blank" href="https://play.rust-lang.org/?code=%23!%5Ballow(unused)%5D%0A%23!%5Bfeature(once_is_completed)%5D%0Afn%20main()%20%7B%0Ause%20std%3A%3Async%3A%3AOnce%3B%0A%0Astatic%20INIT%3A%20Once%20%3D%20Once%3A%3Anew()%3B%0A%0Aassert_eq!(INIT.is_completed()%2C%20false)%3B%0AINIT.call_once(%7C%7C%20%7B%0A%20%20%20%20assert_eq!(INIT.is_completed()%2C%20false)%3B%0A%7D)%3B%0Aassert_eq!(INIT.is_completed()%2C%20true)%3B%0A%7D&amp;version=nightly">Run</a></pre></div>

<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="rust rust-example-rendered">
<span class="attribute">#![<span class="ident">feature</span>(<span class="ident">once_is_completed</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">std</span>::<span class="ident">sync</span>::<span class="ident">Once</span>;
<span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">std</span>::<span class="ident">thread</span>;

<span class="kw">static</span> <span class="ident">INIT</span>: <span class="ident">Once</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">Once</span>::<span class="ident">new</span>();

<span class="macro">assert_eq</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">INIT</span>.<span class="ident">is_completed</span>(), <span class="bool-val">false</span>);
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">handle</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">thread</span>::<span class="ident">spawn</span>(<span class="op">||</span> {
    <span class="ident">INIT</span>.<span class="ident">call_once</span>(<span class="op">||</span> <span class="macro">panic</span><span class="macro">!</span>());
});
<span class="macro">assert</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">handle</span>.<span class="ident">join</span>().<span class="ident">is_err</span>());
<span class="macro">assert_eq</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">INIT</span>.<span class="ident">is_completed</span>(), <span class="bool-val">false</span>);<a class="test-arrow" target="_blank" href="https://play.rust-lang.org/?code=%23!%5Ballow(unused)%5D%0A%23!%5Bfeature(once_is_completed)%5D%0Afn%20main()%20%7B%0Ause%20std%3A%3Async%3A%3AOnce%3B%0Ause%20std%3A%3Athread%3B%0A%0Astatic%20INIT%3A%20Once%20%3D%20Once%3A%3Anew()%3B%0A%0Aassert_eq!(INIT.is_completed()%2C%20false)%3B%0Alet%20handle%20%3D%20thread%3A%3Aspawn(%7C%7C%20%7B%0A%20%20%20%20INIT.call_once(%7C%7C%20panic!())%3B%0A%7D)%3B%0Aassert!(handle.join().is_err())%3B%0Aassert_eq!(INIT.is_completed()%2C%20false)%3B%0A%7D&amp;version=nightly">Run</a></pre></div>
</div></div><h2 id='implementations' class='small-section-header'>Trait Implementations<a href='#implementations' class='anchor'></a></h2><div id='implementations-list'><h3 id='impl-Debug' class='impl'><code class='in-band'>impl <a class="trait" href="../../std/fmt/trait.Debug.html" title="trait std::fmt::Debug">Debug</a> for <a class="struct" href="../../std/sync/struct.Once.html" title="struct std::sync::Once">Once</a></code><a href='#impl-Debug' class='anchor'></a><div class='since' title='Stable since Rust version 1.16.0'>1.16.0</div><a class='srclink' href='../../src/std/sync/once.rs.html#433-437' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></h3><div class='impl-items'><h4 id='method.fmt' class="method hidden"><code id='fmt.v'>fn <a href='../../std/fmt/trait.Debug.html#tymethod.fmt' class='fnname'>fmt</a>(&amp;self, f: &amp;mut <a class="struct" href="../../std/fmt/struct.Formatter.html" title="struct std::fmt::Formatter">Formatter</a>) -&gt; <a class="type" href="../../std/fmt/type.Result.html" title="type std::fmt::Result">Result</a></code><a class='srclink' href='../../src/std/sync/once.rs.html#434-436' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></h4><div class='docblock hidden'><p>Formats the value using the given formatter. <a href="../../std/fmt/trait.Debug.html#tymethod.fmt">Read more</a></p>
</div></div><h3 id='impl-Send' class='impl'><code class='in-band'>impl <a class="trait" href="../../std/marker/trait.Send.html" title="trait std::marker::Send">Send</a> for <a class="struct" href="../../std/sync/struct.Once.html" title="struct std::sync::Once">Once</a></code><a href='#impl-Send' class='anchor'></a><a class='srclink' href='../../src/std/sync/once.rs.html#93' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></h3><div class='impl-items'></div><h3 id='impl-Sync' class='impl'><code class='in-band'>impl <a class="trait" href="../../std/marker/trait.Sync.html" title="trait std::marker::Sync">Sync</a> for <a class="struct" href="../../std/sync/struct.Once.html" title="struct std::sync::Once">Once</a></code><a href='#impl-Sync' class='anchor'></a><a class='srclink' href='../../src/std/sync/once.rs.html#91' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></h3><div class='impl-items'></div></div><h2 id='blanket-implementations' class='small-section-header'>Blanket Implementations<a href='#blanket-implementations' class='anchor'></a></h2><div id='blanket-implementations-list'><h3 id='impl-TryFrom' class='impl'><code class='in-band'>impl&lt;T, U&gt; <a class="trait" href="../../std/convert/trait.TryFrom.html" title="trait std::convert::TryFrom">TryFrom</a> for T <span class="where fmt-newline">where<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;U: <a class="trait" href="../../std/convert/trait.Into.html" title="trait std::convert::Into">Into</a>&lt;T&gt;,&nbsp;</span></code><a href='#impl-TryFrom' class='anchor'></a><a class='srclink' href='../../src/core/convert.rs.html#565-571' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></h3><div class='impl-items'><h4 id='associatedtype.Error' class="type"><code id='Error.t'>type <a href='../../std/convert/trait.TryFrom.html#associatedtype.Error' class="type">Error</a> = <a class="enum" href="../../std/convert/enum.Infallible.html" title="enum std::convert::Infallible">Infallible</a></code></h4><div class='docblock'><p>The type returned in the event of a conversion error.</p>
</div><h4 id='method.try_from' class="method hidden"><code id='try_from.v'>fn <a href='../../std/convert/trait.TryFrom.html#tymethod.try_from' class='fnname'>try_from</a>(value: U) -&gt; <a class="enum" href="../../std/result/enum.Result.html" title="enum std::result::Result">Result</a>&lt;T, &lt;T as <a class="trait" href="../../std/convert/trait.TryFrom.html" title="trait std::convert::TryFrom">TryFrom</a>&lt;U&gt;&gt;::<a class="type" href="../../std/convert/trait.TryFrom.html#associatedtype.Error" title="type std::convert::TryFrom::Error">Error</a>&gt;</code><a class='srclink' href='../../src/core/convert.rs.html#568-570' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></h4><div class='docblock hidden'><p>Performs the conversion.</p>
</div></div><h3 id='impl-From' class='impl'><code class='in-band'>impl&lt;T&gt; <a class="trait" href="../../std/convert/trait.From.html" title="trait std::convert::From">From</a> for T</code><a href='#impl-From' class='anchor'></a><a class='srclink' href='../../src/core/convert.rs.html#546-548' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></h3><div class='impl-items'><h4 id='method.from' class="method hidden"><code id='from.v'>fn <a href='../../std/convert/trait.From.html#tymethod.from' class='fnname'>from</a>(t: T) -&gt; T</code><a class='srclink' href='../../src/core/convert.rs.html#547' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></h4><div class='docblock hidden'><p>Performs the conversion.</p>
</div></div><h3 id='impl-TryInto' class='impl'><code class='in-band'>impl&lt;T, U&gt; <a class="trait" href="../../std/convert/trait.TryInto.html" title="trait std::convert::TryInto">TryInto</a> for T <span class="where fmt-newline">where<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;U: <a class="trait" href="../../std/convert/trait.TryFrom.html" title="trait std::convert::TryFrom">TryFrom</a>&lt;T&gt;,&nbsp;</span></code><a href='#impl-TryInto' class='anchor'></a><a class='srclink' href='../../src/core/convert.rs.html#553-560' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></h3><div class='impl-items'><h4 id='associatedtype.Error-1' class="type"><code id='Error.t-1'>type <a href='../../std/convert/trait.TryInto.html#associatedtype.Error' class="type">Error</a> = &lt;U as <a class="trait" href="../../std/convert/trait.TryFrom.html" title="trait std::convert::TryFrom">TryFrom</a>&lt;T&gt;&gt;::<a class="type" href="../../std/convert/trait.TryFrom.html#associatedtype.Error" title="type std::convert::TryFrom::Error">Error</a></code></h4><div class='docblock'><p>The type returned in the event of a conversion error.</p>
</div><h4 id='method.try_into' class="method hidden"><code id='try_into.v'>fn <a href='../../std/convert/trait.TryInto.html#tymethod.try_into' class='fnname'>try_into</a>(self) -&gt; <a class="enum" href="../../std/result/enum.Result.html" title="enum std::result::Result">Result</a>&lt;U, &lt;U as <a class="trait" href="../../std/convert/trait.TryFrom.html" title="trait std::convert::TryFrom">TryFrom</a>&lt;T&gt;&gt;::<a class="type" href="../../std/convert/trait.TryFrom.html#associatedtype.Error" title="type std::convert::TryFrom::Error">Error</a>&gt;</code><a class='srclink' href='../../src/core/convert.rs.html#557-559' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></h4><div class='docblock hidden'><p>Performs the conversion.</p>
</div></div><h3 id='impl-Into' class='impl'><code class='in-band'>impl&lt;T, U&gt; <a class="trait" href="../../std/convert/trait.Into.html" title="trait std::convert::Into">Into</a> for T <span class="where fmt-newline">where<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;U: <a class="trait" href="../../std/convert/trait.From.html" title="trait std::convert::From">From</a>&lt;T&gt;,&nbsp;</span></code><a href='#impl-Into' class='anchor'></a><a class='srclink' href='../../src/core/convert.rs.html#537-542' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></h3><div class='impl-items'><h4 id='method.into' class="method hidden"><code id='into.v'>fn <a href='../../std/convert/trait.Into.html#tymethod.into' class='fnname'>into</a>(self) -&gt; U</code><a class='srclink' href='../../src/core/convert.rs.html#539-541' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></h4><div class='docblock hidden'><p>Performs the conversion.</p>
</div></div><h3 id='impl-Borrow' class='impl'><code class='in-band'>impl&lt;T&gt; <a class="trait" href="../../std/borrow/trait.Borrow.html" title="trait std::borrow::Borrow">Borrow</a> for T <span class="where fmt-newline">where<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;T: ?<a class="trait" href="../../std/marker/trait.Sized.html" title="trait std::marker::Sized">Sized</a>,&nbsp;</span></code><a href='#impl-Borrow' class='anchor'></a><a class='srclink' href='../../src/core/borrow.rs.html#213-215' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></h3><div class='impl-items'><h4 id='method.borrow' class="method hidden"><div class="important-traits"><div class='tooltip'>ⓘ<span class='tooltiptext'>Important traits for <a class="primitive" href="../primitive.reference.html">&amp;'_ mut </a>F</span></div><div class="content hidden"><h3 class="important">Important traits for <a class="primitive" href="../primitive.reference.html">&amp;'_ mut </a>F</h3><code class="content"><span class="where fmt-newline">impl&lt;'_, F&gt; <a class="trait" href="../../std/future/trait.Future.html" title="trait std::future::Future">Future</a> for <a class="primitive" href="../primitive.reference.html">&amp;'_ mut </a>F <span class="where fmt-newline">where<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;F: <a class="trait" href="../../std/marker/trait.Unpin.html" title="trait std::marker::Unpin">Unpin</a> + <a class="trait" href="../../std/future/trait.Future.html" title="trait std::future::Future">Future</a> + ?<a class="trait" href="../../std/marker/trait.Sized.html" title="trait std::marker::Sized">Sized</a>,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="where fmt-newline">    type <a href='../../std/future/trait.Future.html#associatedtype.Output' class="type">Output</a> = &lt;F as <a class="trait" href="../../std/future/trait.Future.html" title="trait std::future::Future">Future</a>&gt;::<a class="type" href="../../std/future/trait.Future.html#associatedtype.Output" title="type std::future::Future::Output">Output</a>;</span><span class="where fmt-newline">impl&lt;'_, I&gt; <a class="trait" href="../../std/iter/trait.Iterator.html" title="trait std::iter::Iterator">Iterator</a> for <a class="primitive" href="../primitive.reference.html">&amp;'_ mut </a>I <span class="where fmt-newline">where<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I: <a class="trait" href="../../std/iter/trait.Iterator.html" title="trait std::iter::Iterator">Iterator</a> + ?<a class="trait" href="../../std/marker/trait.Sized.html" title="trait std::marker::Sized">Sized</a>,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="where fmt-newline">    type <a href='../../std/iter/trait.Iterator.html#associatedtype.Item' class="type">Item</a> = &lt;I as <a class="trait" href="../../std/iter/trait.Iterator.html" title="trait std::iter::Iterator">Iterator</a>&gt;::<a class="type" href="../../std/iter/trait.Iterator.html#associatedtype.Item" title="type std::iter::Iterator::Item">Item</a>;</span><span class="where fmt-newline">impl&lt;R:&nbsp;<a class="trait" href="../../std/io/trait.Read.html" title="trait std::io::Read">Read</a> + ?<a class="trait" href="../../std/marker/trait.Sized.html" title="trait std::marker::Sized">Sized</a>, '_&gt; <a class="trait" href="../../std/io/trait.Read.html" title="trait std::io::Read">Read</a> for <a class="primitive" href="../primitive.reference.html">&amp;'_ mut </a>R</span><span class="where fmt-newline">impl&lt;W:&nbsp;<a class="trait" href="../../std/io/trait.Write.html" title="trait std::io::Write">Write</a> + ?<a class="trait" href="../../std/marker/trait.Sized.html" title="trait std::marker::Sized">Sized</a>, '_&gt; <a class="trait" href="../../std/io/trait.Write.html" title="trait std::io::Write">Write</a> for <a class="primitive" href="../primitive.reference.html">&amp;'_ mut </a>W</span></code></div></div><code id='borrow.v'>fn <a href='../../std/borrow/trait.Borrow.html#tymethod.borrow' class='fnname'>borrow</a>(&amp;self) -&gt; <a class="primitive" href="../primitive.reference.html">&amp;</a>T</code><a class='srclink' href='../../src/core/borrow.rs.html#214' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></h4><div class='docblock hidden'><p>Immutably borrows from an owned value. <a href="../../std/borrow/trait.Borrow.html#tymethod.borrow">Read more</a></p>
</div></div><h3 id='impl-BorrowMut' class='impl'><code class='in-band'>impl&lt;T&gt; <a class="trait" href="../../std/borrow/trait.BorrowMut.html" title="trait std::borrow::BorrowMut">BorrowMut</a> for T <span class="where fmt-newline">where<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;T: ?<a class="trait" href="../../std/marker/trait.Sized.html" title="trait std::marker::Sized">Sized</a>,&nbsp;</span></code><a href='#impl-BorrowMut' class='anchor'></a><a class='srclink' href='../../src/core/borrow.rs.html#218-220' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></h3><div class='impl-items'><h4 id='method.borrow_mut' class="method hidden"><div class="important-traits"><div class='tooltip'>ⓘ<span class='tooltiptext'>Important traits for <a class="primitive" href="../primitive.reference.html">&amp;'_ mut </a>F</span></div><div class="content hidden"><h3 class="important">Important traits for <a class="primitive" href="../primitive.reference.html">&amp;'_ mut </a>F</h3><code class="content"><span class="where fmt-newline">impl&lt;'_, F&gt; <a class="trait" href="../../std/future/trait.Future.html" title="trait std::future::Future">Future</a> for <a class="primitive" href="../primitive.reference.html">&amp;'_ mut </a>F <span class="where fmt-newline">where<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;F: <a class="trait" href="../../std/marker/trait.Unpin.html" title="trait std::marker::Unpin">Unpin</a> + <a class="trait" href="../../std/future/trait.Future.html" title="trait std::future::Future">Future</a> + ?<a class="trait" href="../../std/marker/trait.Sized.html" title="trait std::marker::Sized">Sized</a>,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="where fmt-newline">    type <a href='../../std/future/trait.Future.html#associatedtype.Output' class="type">Output</a> = &lt;F as <a class="trait" href="../../std/future/trait.Future.html" title="trait std::future::Future">Future</a>&gt;::<a class="type" href="../../std/future/trait.Future.html#associatedtype.Output" title="type std::future::Future::Output">Output</a>;</span><span class="where fmt-newline">impl&lt;'_, I&gt; <a class="trait" href="../../std/iter/trait.Iterator.html" title="trait std::iter::Iterator">Iterator</a> for <a class="primitive" href="../primitive.reference.html">&amp;'_ mut </a>I <span class="where fmt-newline">where<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I: <a class="trait" href="../../std/iter/trait.Iterator.html" title="trait std::iter::Iterator">Iterator</a> + ?<a class="trait" href="../../std/marker/trait.Sized.html" title="trait std::marker::Sized">Sized</a>,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="where fmt-newline">    type <a href='../../std/iter/trait.Iterator.html#associatedtype.Item' class="type">Item</a> = &lt;I as <a class="trait" href="../../std/iter/trait.Iterator.html" title="trait std::iter::Iterator">Iterator</a>&gt;::<a class="type" href="../../std/iter/trait.Iterator.html#associatedtype.Item" title="type std::iter::Iterator::Item">Item</a>;</span><span class="where fmt-newline">impl&lt;R:&nbsp;<a class="trait" href="../../std/io/trait.Read.html" title="trait std::io::Read">Read</a> + ?<a class="trait" href="../../std/marker/trait.Sized.html" title="trait std::marker::Sized">Sized</a>, '_&gt; <a class="trait" href="../../std/io/trait.Read.html" title="trait std::io::Read">Read</a> for <a class="primitive" href="../primitive.reference.html">&amp;'_ mut </a>R</span><span class="where fmt-newline">impl&lt;W:&nbsp;<a class="trait" href="../../std/io/trait.Write.html" title="trait std::io::Write">Write</a> + ?<a class="trait" href="../../std/marker/trait.Sized.html" title="trait std::marker::Sized">Sized</a>, '_&gt; <a class="trait" href="../../std/io/trait.Write.html" title="trait std::io::Write">Write</a> for <a class="primitive" href="../primitive.reference.html">&amp;'_ mut </a>W</span></code></div></div><code id='borrow_mut.v'>fn <a href='../../std/borrow/trait.BorrowMut.html#tymethod.borrow_mut' class='fnname'>borrow_mut</a>(&amp;mut self) -&gt; <a class="primitive" href="../primitive.reference.html">&amp;mut </a>T</code><a class='srclink' href='../../src/core/borrow.rs.html#219' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></h4><div class='docblock hidden'><p>Mutably borrows from an owned value. <a href="../../std/borrow/trait.BorrowMut.html#tymethod.borrow_mut">Read more</a></p>
</div></div><h3 id='impl-Any' class='impl'><code class='in-band'>impl&lt;T&gt; <a class="trait" href="../../std/any/trait.Any.html" title="trait std::any::Any">Any</a> for T <span class="where fmt-newline">where<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;T: 'static + ?<a class="trait" href="../../std/marker/trait.Sized.html" title="trait std::marker::Sized">Sized</a>,&nbsp;</span></code><a href='#impl-Any' class='anchor'></a><a class='srclink' href='../../src/core/any.rs.html#100-102' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></h3><div class='impl-items'><h4 id='method.type_id' class="method hidden"><code id='type_id.v'>fn <a href='../../std/any/trait.Any.html#tymethod.type_id' class='fnname'>type_id</a>(&amp;self) -&gt; <a class="struct" href="../../std/any/struct.TypeId.html" title="struct std::any::TypeId">TypeId</a></code><a class='srclink' href='../../src/core/any.rs.html#101' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></h4><div class='docblock hidden'><p>Gets the <code>TypeId</code> of <code>self</code>. <a href="../../std/any/trait.Any.html#tymethod.type_id">Read more</a></p>
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