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<div class="section" id="testing-applications-with-paste">
<h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id2">Testing Applications with Paste</a><a class="headerlink" href="#testing-applications-with-paste" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
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<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">author:</th><td class="field-body">Ian Bicking <<a class="reference external" href="mailto:ianb%40colorstudy.com">ianb<span>@</span>colorstudy<span>.</span>com</a>></td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">revision:</th><td class="field-body">$Rev$</td>
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<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">date:</th><td class="field-body">$LastChangedDate$</td>
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<div class="contents topic" id="contents">
<p class="topic-title first">Contents</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#testing-applications-with-paste" id="id2">Testing Applications with Paste</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#introduction" id="id3">Introduction</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#the-tests-themselves" id="id4">The Tests Themselves</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id1" id="id5">Form Submissions</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#framework-hooks" id="id6">Framework Hooks</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="section" id="introduction">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id3">Introduction</a><a class="headerlink" href="#introduction" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Paste includes functionality for testing your application in a
convenient manner. These facilities are quite young, and feedback is
invited. Feedback and discussion should take place on the
<a class="reference external" href="http://groups.google.com/group/paste-users">Paste-users list</a>.</p>
<p>These facilities let you test your Paste and WSGI-based applications
easily and without a server.</p>
<p>If you have questions about this document, please contact the <a class="reference external" href="http://groups.google.com/group/paste-users">paste
mailing list</a>
or try IRC (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">#pythonpaste</span></code> on freenode.net). If there’s something that
confused you and you want to give feedback, please <a class="reference external" href="http://pythonpaste.org/trac/newticket?component=documentation">submit an issue</a>.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="the-tests-themselves">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id4">The Tests Themselves</a><a class="headerlink" href="#the-tests-themselves" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">app</span></code> object is a wrapper around your application, with many
methods to make testing convenient. Here’s an example test script:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">test_myapp</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="n">res</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">app</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'/view'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">params</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="s1">'id'</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">})</span>
<span class="c1"># We just got /view?id=10</span>
<span class="n">res</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">mustcontain</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'Item 10'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">res</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">app</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">post</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'/view'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">params</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="s1">'id'</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'name'</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s1">'New item</span>
<span class="n">name</span><span class="s1">'})</span>
<span class="c1"># The app does POST-and-redirect...</span>
<span class="n">res</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">res</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">follow</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="k">assert</span> <span class="n">res</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">request</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">url</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s1">'/view?id=10'</span>
<span class="n">res</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">mustcontain</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'New item name'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">res</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">mustcontain</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'Item updated'</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The methods of the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">app</span></code> object (a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">paste.tests.fixture.TestApp</span></code>
object):</p>
<dl class="docutils">
<dt><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">get(url,</span> <span class="pre">params={},</span> <span class="pre">headers={},</span> <span class="pre">status=None)</span></code>:</dt>
<dd><p class="first">Gets the URL. URLs are based in the root of your application; no
domains are allowed. Parameters can be given as a dictionary, or
included directly in the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">url</span></code>. Headers can also be added.</p>
<p>This tests that the status is a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">200</span> <span class="pre">OK</span></code> or a redirect header,
unless you pass in a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">status</span></code>. A status of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">"*"</span></code> will never
fail; or you can assert a specific status (like <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">500</span></code>).</p>
<p class="last">Also, if any errors are written to the error stream this will
raise an error.</p>
</dd>
<dt><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">post(url,</span> <span class="pre">params={},</span> <span class="pre">headers={},</span> <span class="pre">status=None,</span> <span class="pre">upload_files=())</span></code>:</dt>
<dd><p class="first">POSTS to the URL. Like GET, except also allows for uploading
files. The uploaded files are a list of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">(field_name,</span> <span class="pre">filename,</span>
<span class="pre">file_content)</span></code>.</p>
<p class="last">If you don’t want to do a urlencoded post body, you can put a
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">content-type</span></code> header in your header, and pass the body in as a
string with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">params</span></code>.</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>The response object:</p>
<dl class="docutils">
<dt><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">header(header_name,</span> <span class="pre">[default])</span></code>:</dt>
<dd>Returns the named header. It’s an error if there is more than one
matching header. If you don’t provide a default, it is an error
if there is no matching header.</dd>
<dt><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">all_headers(header_name):</span></code></dt>
<dd>Returns a list of all matching headers.</dd>
<dt><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">follow(**kw)</span></code>:</dt>
<dd>Follows the redirect, returning the new response. It is an error
if this response wasn’t a redirect. Any keyword arguments are
passed to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">app.get</span></code> (e.g., <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">status</span></code>).</dd>
<dt><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">x</span> <span class="pre">in</span> <span class="pre">res</span></code>:</dt>
<dd>Returns True if the string is found in the response. Whitespace
is normalized for this test.</dd>
<dt><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mustcontain(*strings)</span></code>:</dt>
<dd>Raises an error if any of the strings are not found in the
response.</dd>
<dt><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">showbrowser()</span></code>:</dt>
<dd>Opens the HTML response in a browser; useful for debugging.</dd>
<dt><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">str(res)</span></code>:</dt>
<dd>Gives a slightly-compacted version of the response.</dd>
<dt><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">click(description=None,</span> <span class="pre">linkid=None,</span> <span class="pre">href=None,</span> <span class="pre">anchor=None,</span> <span class="pre">index=None,</span> <span class="pre">verbose=False)</span></code>:</dt>
<dd>Clicks the described link (<a class="reference external" href="./class-paste.fixture.TestResponse.html#click">see docstring for more</a>)</dd>
<dt><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">forms</span></code>:</dt>
<dd>Return a dictionary of forms; you can use both indexes (refer to
the forms in order) or the string ids of forms (if you’ve given
them ids) to identify the form. See <a class="reference external" href="#form-submissions">Form Submissions</a> for
more on the form objects.</dd>
</dl>
<p>Request objects:</p>
<dl class="docutils">
<dt><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">url</span></code>:</dt>
<dd>The url requested.</dd>
<dt><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">environ</span></code>:</dt>
<dd>The environment used for the request.</dd>
<dt><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">full_url</span></code>:</dt>
<dd>The url with query string.</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="section" id="id1">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id5">Form Submissions</a><a class="headerlink" href="#id1" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>You can fill out and submit forms from your tests. First you get the
form:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">res</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">testapp</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'/entry_form'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">form</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">res</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">forms</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Then you fill it in fields:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># when there's one unambiguous name field:</span>
<span class="n">form</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'name'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">'Bob'</span>
<span class="c1"># Enter something into the first field named 'age'</span>
<span class="n">form</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'age'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'45'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">index</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Finally you submit:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># Submit with no particular submit button pressed:</span>
<span class="n">form</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">submit</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="c1"># Or submit a button:</span>
<span class="n">form</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">submit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'submit_button_name'</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="framework-hooks">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id6">Framework Hooks</a><a class="headerlink" href="#framework-hooks" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Frameworks can detect that they are in a testing environment by the
presence (and truth) of the WSGI environmental variable
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">"paste.testing"</span></code>.</p>
<p>More generally, frameworks can detect that something (possibly a test
fixture) is ready to catch unexpected errors by the presence and truth
of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">"paste.throw_errors"</span></code> (this is sometimes set outside of testing
fixtures too, when an error-handling middleware is in place).</p>
<p>Frameworks that want to expose the inner structure of the request may
use <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">"paste.testing_variables"</span></code>. This will be a dictionary – any
values put into that dictionary will become attributes of the response
object. So if you do <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">env["paste.testing_variables"]['template']</span> <span class="pre">=</span>
<span class="pre">template_name</span></code> in your framework, then <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">response.template</span></code> will be
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">template_name</span></code>.</p>
</div>
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