<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ascii"?> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"> <head> <title>Scientific.Physics.PhysicalQuantities</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="epydoc.css" type="text/css" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="epydoc.js"></script> </head> <body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="blue" vlink="#204080" alink="#204080"> <!-- ==================== NAVIGATION BAR ==================== --> <table class="navbar" border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="0" bgcolor="#a0c0ff" cellspacing="0"> <tr valign="middle"> <!-- Home link --> <th> <a href="Scientific-module.html">Home</a> </th> <!-- Tree link --> <th> <a href="module-tree.html">Trees</a> </th> <!-- Index link --> <th> <a href="identifier-index.html">Indices</a> </th> <!-- Help link --> <th> <a href="help.html">Help</a> </th> <!-- Project homepage --> <th class="navbar" align="right" width="100%"> <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr><th class="navbar" align="center" ><a class="navbar" target="_top" href="http://dirac.cnrs-orleans.fr/ScientificPython/">Scientific Python</a></th> </tr></table></th> </tr> </table> <table width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr valign="top"> <td width="100%"> <span class="breadcrumbs"> <a href="Scientific-module.html">Package Scientific</a> :: <a href="Scientific.Physics-module.html">Package Physics</a> :: Module PhysicalQuantities </span> </td> <td> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <!-- hide/show private --> <tr><td align="right"><span class="options" >[<a href="frames.html" target="_top">frames</a >] | <a href="Scientific.Physics.PhysicalQuantities-module.html" target="_top">no frames</a>]</span></td></tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> <!-- ==================== MODULE DESCRIPTION ==================== --> <h1 class="epydoc">Module PhysicalQuantities</h1><p class="nomargin-top"></p> <p>Physical quantities with units.</p> <p>This module provides a data type that represents a physical quantity together with its unit. It is possible to add and subtract these quantities if the units are compatible, and a quantity can be converted to another compatible unit. Multiplication, subtraction, and raising to integer powers is allowed without restriction, and the result will have the correct unit. A quantity can be raised to a non-integer power only if the result can be represented by integer powers of the base units.</p> <p>The values of physical constants are taken from the 1986 recommended values from CODATA. Other conversion factors (e.g. for British units) come from various sources. I can't guarantee for the correctness of all entries in the unit table, so use this at your own risk.</p> <p>SI derived units; these automatically get prefixes: Y (1E+24), Z (1E+21), E (1E+18), P (1E+15), T (1E+12), G (1E+09), M (1E+06), k (1E+03), h (1E+02), da (1E+01), d (1E-01), c (1E-02), m (1E-03), mu (1E-06), n (1E-09), p (1E-12), f (1E-15), a (1E-18), z (1E-21), y (1E-24)</p> <p>Hz Hertz 1/s N Newton m*kg/s**2 Pa Pascal N/m**2 J Joule N*m W Watt J/s C Coulomb s*A V Volt W/A F Farad C/V ohm Ohm V/A S Siemens A/V Wb Weber V*s T Tesla Wb/m**2 H Henry Wb/A lm Lumen cd*sr lx Lux lm/m**2 Bq Becquerel 1/s Gy Gray J/kg Sv Sievert J/kg</p> <p>Prefixed units for ohm:</p> <p>Yohm, Zohm, Eohm, Pohm, Tohm, Gohm, Mohm, kohm, hohm, daohm, dohm, cohm, mohm, muohm, nohm, pohm, fohm, aohm, zohm, yohm</p> <p>Prefixed units for rad:</p> <p>Yrad, Zrad, Erad, Prad, Trad, Grad, Mrad, krad, hrad, darad, drad, crad, mrad, murad, nrad, prad, frad, arad, zrad, yrad</p> <p>Prefixed units for mol:</p> <p>Ymol, Zmol, Emol, Pmol, Tmol, Gmol, Mmol, kmol, hmol, damol, dmol, cmol, mmol, mumol, nmol, pmol, fmol, amol, zmol, ymol</p> <p>Prefixed units for cd:</p> <p>Ycd, Zcd, Ecd, Pcd, Tcd, Gcd, Mcd, kcd, hcd, dacd, dcd, ccd, mcd, mucd, ncd, pcd, fcd, acd, zcd, ycd</p> <p>Prefixed units for Pa:</p> <p>YPa, ZPa, EPa, PPa, TPa, GPa, MPa, kPa, hPa, daPa, dPa, cPa, mPa, muPa, nPa, pPa, fPa, aPa, zPa, yPa</p> <p>Prefixed units for Hz:</p> <p>YHz, ZHz, EHz, PHz, THz, GHz, MHz, kHz, hHz, daHz, dHz, cHz, mHz, muHz, nHz, pHz, fHz, aHz, zHz, yHz</p> <p>Prefixed units for Wb:</p> <p>YWb, ZWb, EWb, PWb, TWb, GWb, MWb, kWb, hWb, daWb, dWb, cWb, mWb, muWb, nWb, pWb, fWb, aWb, zWb, yWb</p> <p>Prefixed units for lm:</p> <p>Ylm, Zlm, Elm, Plm, Tlm, Glm, Mlm, klm, hlm, dalm, dlm, clm, mlm, mulm, nlm, plm, flm, alm, zlm, ylm</p> <p>Prefixed units for Bq:</p> <p>YBq, ZBq, EBq, PBq, TBq, GBq, MBq, kBq, hBq, daBq, dBq, cBq, mBq, muBq, nBq, pBq, fBq, aBq, zBq, yBq</p> <p>Prefixed units for lx:</p> <p>Ylx, Zlx, Elx, Plx, Tlx, Glx, Mlx, klx, hlx, dalx, dlx, clx, mlx, mulx, nlx, plx, flx, alx, zlx, ylx</p> <p>Prefixed units for A:</p> <p>YA, ZA, EA, PA, TA, GA, MA, kA, hA, daA, dA, cA, mA, muA, nA, pA, fA, aA, zA, yA</p> <p>Prefixed units for C:</p> <p>YC, ZC, EC, PC, TC, GC, MC, kC, hC, daC, dC, cC, mC, muC, nC, pC, fC, aC, zC, yC</p> <p>Prefixed units for F:</p> <p>YF, ZF, EF, PF, TF, GF, MF, kF, hF, daF, dF, cF, mF, muF, nF, pF, fF, aF, zF, yF</p> <p>Prefixed units for H:</p> <p>YH, ZH, EH, PH, TH, GH, MH, kH, hH, daH, dH, cH, mH, muH, nH, pH, fH, aH, zH, yH</p> <p>Prefixed units for K:</p> <p>YK, ZK, EK, PK, TK, GK, MK, kK, hK, daK, dK, cK, mK, muK, nK, pK, fK, aK, zK, yK</p> <p>Prefixed units for J:</p> <p>YJ, ZJ, EJ, PJ, TJ, GJ, MJ, kJ, hJ, daJ, dJ, cJ, mJ, muJ, nJ, pJ, fJ, aJ, zJ, yJ</p> <p>Prefixed units for Sv:</p> <p>YSv, ZSv, ESv, PSv, TSv, GSv, MSv, kSv, hSv, daSv, dSv, cSv, mSv, muSv, nSv, pSv, fSv, aSv, zSv, ySv</p> <p>Prefixed units for N:</p> <p>YN, ZN, EN, PN, TN, GN, MN, kN, hN, daN, dN, cN, mN, muN, nN, pN, fN, aN, zN, yN</p> <p>Prefixed units for S:</p> <p>YS, ZS, ES, PS, TS, GS, MS, kS, hS, daS, dS, cS, mS, muS, nS, pS, fS, aS, zS, yS</p> <p>Prefixed units for T:</p> <p>YT, ZT, ET, PT, TT, GT, MT, kT, hT, daT, dT, cT, mT, muT, nT, pT, fT, aT, zT, yT</p> <p>Prefixed units for W:</p> <p>YW, ZW, EW, PW, TW, GW, MW, kW, hW, daW, dW, cW, mW, muW, nW, pW, fW, aW, zW, yW</p> <p>Prefixed units for V:</p> <p>YV, ZV, EV, PV, TV, GV, MV, kV, hV, daV, dV, cV, mV, muV, nV, pV, fV, aV, zV, yV</p> <p>Prefixed units for g:</p> <p>Yg, Zg, Eg, Pg, Tg, Gg, Mg, kg, hg, dag, dg, cg, mg, mug, ng, pg, fg, ag, zg, yg</p> <p>Prefixed units for sr:</p> <p>Ysr, Zsr, Esr, Psr, Tsr, Gsr, Msr, ksr, hsr, dasr, dsr, csr, msr, musr, nsr, psr, fsr, asr, zsr, ysr</p> <p>Prefixed units for m:</p> <p>Ym, Zm, Em, Pm, Tm, Gm, Mm, km, hm, dam, dm, cm, mm, mum, nm, pm, fm, am, zm, ym</p> <p>Prefixed units for Gy:</p> <p>YGy, ZGy, EGy, PGy, TGy, GGy, MGy, kGy, hGy, daGy, dGy, cGy, mGy, muGy, nGy, pGy, fGy, aGy, zGy, yGy</p> <p>Prefixed units for s:</p> <p>Ys, Zs, Es, Ps, Ts, Gs, Ms, ks, hs, das, ds, cs, ms, mus, ns, ps, fs, as, zs, ys</p> <p>Fundamental constants: c speed of light 299792458.*m/s mu0 permeability of vacuum 4.e-7*pi*N/A**2 eps0 permittivity of vacuum 1/mu0/c**2 Grav gravitational constant 6.67259e-11*m**3/kg/s**2 hplanck Planck constant 6.6260755e-34*J*s hbar Planck constant / 2pi hplanck/(2*pi) e elementary charge 1.60217733e-19*C me electron mass 9.1093897e-31*kg mp proton mass 1.6726231e-27*kg Nav Avogadro number 6.0221367e23/mol k Boltzmann constant 1.380658e-23*J/K</p> <p>Time units: min minute 60*s h hour 60*min d day 24*h wk week 7*d yr year 365.25*d</p> <p>Length units: inch inch 2.54*cm ft foot 12*inch yd yard 3*ft mi (British) mile 5280.*ft nmi Nautical mile 1852.*m Ang Angstrom 1.e-10*m lyr light year c*yr Bohr Bohr radius 4*pi*eps0*hbar**2/me/e**2</p> <p>Area units: ha hectare 10000*m**2 acres acre mi**2/640 b barn 1.e-28*m</p> <p>Volume units: l liter dm**3 dl deci liter 0.1*l cl centi liter 0.01*l ml milli liter 0.001*l tsp teaspoon 4.92892159375*ml tbsp tablespoon 3*tsp floz fluid ounce 2*tbsp cup cup 8*floz pt pint 16*floz qt quart 2*pt galUS US gallon 4*qt galUK British gallon 4.54609*l</p> <p>Mass units: amu atomic mass units 1.6605402e-27*kg oz ounce 28.349523125*g lb pound 16*oz ton ton 2000*lb</p> <p>Force units: dyn dyne (cgs unit) 1.e-5*N</p> <p>Energy units: erg erg (cgs unit) 1.e-7*J eV electron volt e*V Hartree Wavenumbers/inverse cm me*e**4/16/pi**2/eps0**2/hbar**2 Ken Kelvin as energy unit k*K cal thermochemical calorie 4.184*J kcal thermochemical kilocalorie 1000*cal cali international calorie 4.1868*J kcali international kilocalorie 1000*cali Btu British thermal unit 1055.05585262*J</p> <p>Prefixed units for eV:</p> <p>YeV, ZeV, EeV, PeV, TeV, GeV, MeV, keV, heV, daeV, deV, ceV, meV, mueV, neV, peV, feV, aeV, zeV, yeV</p> <p>Power units: hp horsepower 745.7*W</p> <p>Pressure units: bar bar (cgs unit) 1.e5*Pa atm standard atmosphere 101325.*Pa torr torr = mm of mercury atm/760 psi pounds per square inch 6894.75729317*Pa</p> <p>Angle units: deg degrees pi*rad/180</p> <p>Temperature units: degR degrees Rankine (5./9.)*K degC degrees Celcius <PhysicalUnit degC> degF degree Fahrenheit <PhysicalUnit degF></p> <!-- ==================== CLASSES ==================== --> <a name="section-Classes"></a> <table class="summary" border="1" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" width="100%" bgcolor="white"> <tr bgcolor="#70b0f0" class="table-header"> <td align="left" colspan="2" class="table-header"> <span class="table-header">Classes</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="15%" align="right" valign="top" class="summary"> <span class="summary-type"> </span> </td><td class="summary"> <a href="Scientific.Physics.PhysicalQuantities.PhysicalQuantity-class.html" class="summary-name">PhysicalQuantity</a><br /> Physical quantity with units </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="15%" align="right" valign="top" class="summary"> <span class="summary-type"> </span> </td><td class="summary"> <a href="Scientific.Physics.PhysicalQuantities.PhysicalUnit-class.html" class="summary-name">PhysicalUnit</a><br /> Physical unit </td> </tr> </table> <!-- ==================== FUNCTIONS ==================== --> <a name="section-Functions"></a> <table class="summary" border="1" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" width="100%" bgcolor="white"> <tr bgcolor="#70b0f0" class="table-header"> <td align="left" colspan="2" class="table-header"> <span class="table-header">Functions</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="15%" align="right" valign="top" class="summary"> <span class="summary-type"> </span> </td><td class="summary"> <table width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"> <tr> <td><span class="summary-sig"><a name="description"></a><span class="summary-sig-name">description</span>()</span><br /> Return a string describing all available units.</td> <td align="right" valign="top"> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="15%" align="right" valign="top" class="summary"> <span class="summary-type"><code>bool</code></span> </td><td class="summary"> <table width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"> <tr> <td><span class="summary-sig"><a href="Scientific.Physics.PhysicalQuantities-module.html#isPhysicalQuantity" class="summary-sig-name">isPhysicalQuantity</a>(<span class="summary-sig-arg">x</span>)</span><br /> Returns: <code>True</code> if x is a <a href="Scientific.Physics.PhysicalQuantities.PhysicalQuantity-class.html" class="link">PhysicalQuantity</a></td> <td align="right" valign="top"> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="15%" align="right" valign="top" class="summary"> <span class="summary-type"><code>bool</code></span> </td><td class="summary"> <table width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"> <tr> <td><span class="summary-sig"><a href="Scientific.Physics.PhysicalQuantities-module.html#isPhysicalUnit" class="summary-sig-name">isPhysicalUnit</a>(<span class="summary-sig-arg">x</span>)</span><br /> Returns: <code>True</code> if x is a <a href="Scientific.Physics.PhysicalQuantities.PhysicalUnit-class.html" class="link">PhysicalUnit</a></td> <td align="right" valign="top"> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> <!-- ==================== VARIABLES ==================== --> <a name="section-Variables"></a> <table class="summary" border="1" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" width="100%" bgcolor="white"> <tr bgcolor="#70b0f0" class="table-header"> <td align="left" colspan="2" class="table-header"> <span class="table-header">Variables</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="15%" align="right" valign="top" class="summary"> <span class="summary-type"> </span> </td><td class="summary"> <a name="prefix"></a><span class="summary-name">prefix</span> = <code title="'y'"><code class="variable-quote">'</code><code class="variable-string">y</code><code class="variable-quote">'</code></code> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="15%" align="right" valign="top" class="summary"> <span class="summary-type"> </span> </td><td class="summary"> <a name="unit"></a><span class="summary-name">unit</span> = <code title="'s'"><code class="variable-quote">'</code><code class="variable-string">s</code><code class="variable-quote">'</code></code> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="15%" align="right" valign="top" class="summary"> <span class="summary-type"> </span> </td><td class="summary"> <a name="value"></a><span class="summary-name">value</span> = <code title="1e-24">1e-24</code> </td> </tr> </table> <!-- ==================== FUNCTION DETAILS ==================== --> <a name="section-FunctionDetails"></a> <table class="details" border="1" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" width="100%" bgcolor="white"> <tr bgcolor="#70b0f0" class="table-header"> <td align="left" colspan="2" class="table-header"> <span class="table-header">Function Details</span></td> </tr> </table> <a name="isPhysicalQuantity"></a> <div> <table class="details" border="1" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" width="100%" bgcolor="white"> <tr><td> <table width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"> <tr valign="top"><td> <h3 class="epydoc"><span class="sig"><span class="sig-name">isPhysicalQuantity</span>(<span class="sig-arg">x</span>)</span> </h3> </td><td align="right" valign="top" > </td> </tr></table> <dl class="fields"> <dt>Parameters:</dt> <dd><ul class="nomargin-top"> <li><strong class="pname"><code>x</code></strong> (any) - an object</li> </ul></dd> <dt>Returns: <code>bool</code></dt> <dd><code>True</code> if x is a <a href="Scientific.Physics.PhysicalQuantities.PhysicalQuantity-class.html" class="link">PhysicalQuantity</a></dd> </dl> </td></tr></table> </div> <a name="isPhysicalUnit"></a> <div> <table class="details" border="1" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" width="100%" bgcolor="white"> <tr><td> <table width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"> <tr valign="top"><td> <h3 class="epydoc"><span class="sig"><span class="sig-name">isPhysicalUnit</span>(<span class="sig-arg">x</span>)</span> </h3> </td><td align="right" valign="top" > </td> </tr></table> <dl class="fields"> <dt>Parameters:</dt> <dd><ul class="nomargin-top"> <li><strong class="pname"><code>x</code></strong> (any) - an object</li> </ul></dd> <dt>Returns: <code>bool</code></dt> <dd><code>True</code> if x is a <a href="Scientific.Physics.PhysicalQuantities.PhysicalUnit-class.html" class="link">PhysicalUnit</a></dd> </dl> </td></tr></table> </div> <br /> <!-- ==================== NAVIGATION BAR ==================== --> <table class="navbar" border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="0" bgcolor="#a0c0ff" cellspacing="0"> <tr valign="middle"> <!-- Home link --> <th> <a href="Scientific-module.html">Home</a> </th> <!-- Tree link --> <th> <a href="module-tree.html">Trees</a> </th> <!-- Index link --> <th> <a href="identifier-index.html">Indices</a> </th> <!-- Help link --> <th> <a href="help.html">Help</a> </th> <!-- Project homepage --> <th 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