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<div class="section" id="the-pdb-file-format">
<h1>The PDB File Format<a class="headerlink" href="#the-pdb-file-format" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<div class="contents local topic" id="contents">
<ul class="simple">
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#introduction" id="id2">Introduction</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#file-layout" id="id3">File Layout</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#the-msf-container" id="id4">The MSF Container</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#streams" id="id5">Streams</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#codeview" id="id6">CodeView</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="section" id="introduction">
<span id="pdb-intro"></span><h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id2">Introduction</a><a class="headerlink" href="#introduction" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>PDB (Program Database) is a file format invented by Microsoft and which contains
debug information that can be consumed by debuggers and other tools. Since
officially supported APIs exist on Windows for querying debug information from
PDBs even without the user understanding the internals of the file format, a
large ecosystem of tools has been built for Windows to consume this format. In
order for Clang to be able to generate programs that can interoperate with these
tools, it is necessary for us to generate PDB files ourselves.</p>
<p>At the same time, LLVM has a long history of being able to cross-compile from
any platform to any platform, and we wish for the same to be true here. So it
is necessary for us to understand the PDB file format at the byte-level so that
we can generate PDB files entirely on our own.</p>
<p>This manual describes what we know about the PDB file format today. The layout
of the file, the various streams contained within, the format of individual
records within, and more.</p>
<p>We would like to extend our heartfelt gratitude to Microsoft, without whom we
would not be where we are today. Much of the knowledge contained within this
manual was learned through reading code published by Microsoft on their <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/Microsoft/microsoft-pdb">GitHub
repo</a>.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="file-layout">
<span id="pdb-layout"></span><h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id3">File Layout</a><a class="headerlink" href="#file-layout" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<div class="admonition important">
<p class="first admonition-title">Important</p>
<p class="last">Unless otherwise specified, all numeric values are encoded in little endian.
If you see a type such as <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">uint16_t</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">uint64_t</span></code> going forward, always
assume it is little endian!</p>
</div>
<div class="toctree-wrapper compound">
</div>
<div class="section" id="the-msf-container">
<span id="msf"></span><h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id4">The MSF Container</a><a class="headerlink" href="#the-msf-container" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<p>A PDB file is really just a special case of an MSF (Multi-Stream Format) file.
An MSF file is actually a miniature “file system within a file”. It contains
multiple streams (aka files) which can represent arbitrary data, and these
streams are divided into blocks which may not necessarily be contiguously
laid out within the file (aka fragmented). Additionally, the MSF contains a
stream directory (aka MFT) which describes how the streams (files) are laid
out within the MSF.</p>
<p>For more information about the MSF container format, stream directory, and
block layout, see <a class="reference internal" href="MsfFile.html"><span class="doc">The MSF File Format</span></a>.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="streams">
<span id="id1"></span><h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id5">Streams</a><a class="headerlink" href="#streams" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<p>The PDB format contains a number of streams which describe various information
such as the types, symbols, source files, and compilands (e.g. object files)
of a program, as well as some additional streams containing hash tables that are
used by debuggers and other tools to provide fast lookup of records and types
by name, and various other information about how the program was compiled such
as the specific toolchain used, and more. A summary of streams contained in a
PDB file is as follows:</p>
<table border="1" class="docutils">
<colgroup>
<col width="22%" />
<col width="32%" />
<col width="46%" />
</colgroup>
<thead valign="bottom">
<tr class="row-odd"><th class="head">Name</th>
<th class="head">Stream Index</th>
<th class="head">Contents</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="row-even"><td>Old Directory</td>
<td><ul class="first last simple">
<li>Fixed Stream Index 0</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td><ul class="first last simple">
<li>Previous MSF Stream Directory</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td>PDB Stream</td>
<td><ul class="first last simple">
<li>Fixed Stream Index 1</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td><ul class="first last simple">
<li>Basic File Information</li>
<li>Fields to match EXE to this PDB</li>
<li>Map of named streams to stream indices</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td>TPI Stream</td>
<td><ul class="first last simple">
<li>Fixed Stream Index 2</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td><ul class="first last simple">
<li>CodeView Type Records</li>
<li>Index of TPI Hash Stream</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td>DBI Stream</td>
<td><ul class="first last simple">
<li>Fixed Stream Index 3</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td><ul class="first last simple">
<li>Module/Compiland Information</li>
<li>Indices of individual module streams</li>
<li>Indices of public / global streams</li>
<li>Section Contribution Information</li>
<li>Source File Information</li>
<li>FPO / PGO Data</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td>IPI Stream</td>
<td><ul class="first last simple">
<li>Fixed Stream Index 4</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td><ul class="first last simple">
<li>CodeView Type Records</li>
<li>Index of IPI Hash Stream</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td>/LinkInfo</td>
<td><ul class="first last simple">
<li>Contained in PDB Stream
Named Stream map</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td><ul class="first last simple">
<li>Unknown</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td>/src/headerblock</td>
<td><ul class="first last simple">
<li>Contained in PDB Stream
Named Stream map</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td><ul class="first last simple">
<li>Unknown</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td>/names</td>
<td><ul class="first last simple">
<li>Contained in PDB Stream
Named Stream map</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td><ul class="first last simple">
<li>PDB-wide global string table used for
string de-duplication</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td>Module Info Stream</td>
<td><ul class="first last simple">
<li>Contained in DBI Stream</li>
<li>One for each compiland</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td><ul class="first last simple">
<li>CodeView Symbol Records for this module</li>
<li>Line Number Information</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td>Public Stream</td>
<td><ul class="first last simple">
<li>Contained in DBI Stream</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td><ul class="first last simple">
<li>Public (Exported) Symbol Records</li>
<li>Index of Public Hash Stream</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td>Global Stream</td>
<td><ul class="first last simple">
<li>Contained in DBI Stream</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td><ul class="first last simple">
<li>Global Symbol Records</li>
<li>Index of Global Hash Stream</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td>TPI Hash Stream</td>
<td><ul class="first last simple">
<li>Contained in TPI Stream</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td><ul class="first last simple">
<li>Hash table for looking up TPI records
by name</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td>IPI Hash Stream</td>
<td><ul class="first last simple">
<li>Contained in IPI Stream</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td><ul class="first last simple">
<li>Hash table for looking up IPI records
by name</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>More information about the structure of each of these can be found on the
following pages:</p>
<dl class="docutils">
<dt><a class="reference internal" href="PdbStream.html"><span class="doc">The PDB Info Stream (aka the PDB Stream)</span></a></dt>
<dd>Information about the PDB Info Stream and how it is used to match PDBs to EXEs.</dd>
<dt><a class="reference internal" href="TpiStream.html"><span class="doc">The PDB TPI Stream</span></a></dt>
<dd>Information about the TPI stream and the CodeView records contained within.</dd>
<dt><a class="reference internal" href="DbiStream.html"><span class="doc">The PDB DBI (Debug Info) Stream</span></a></dt>
<dd>Information about the DBI stream and relevant substreams including the Module Substreams,
source file information, and CodeView symbol records contained within.</dd>
<dt><a class="reference internal" href="ModiStream.html"><span class="doc">The Module Information Stream</span></a></dt>
<dd>Information about the Module Information Stream, of which there is one for each compilation
unit and the format of symbols contained within.</dd>
<dt><a class="reference internal" href="PublicStream.html"><span class="doc">The PDB Public Symbol Stream</span></a></dt>
<dd>Information about the Public Symbol Stream.</dd>
<dt><a class="reference internal" href="GlobalStream.html"><span class="doc">The PDB Global Symbol Stream</span></a></dt>
<dd>Information about the Global Symbol Stream.</dd>
<dt><a class="reference internal" href="HashStream.html"><span class="doc">The TPI & IPI Hash Streams</span></a></dt>
<dd>Information about the Hash Table stream, and how it can be used to quickly look up records
by name.</dd>
</dl>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="codeview">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id6">CodeView</a><a class="headerlink" href="#codeview" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>CodeView is another format which comes into the picture. While MSF defines
the structure of the overall file, and PDB defines the set of streams that
appear within the MSF file and the format of those streams, CodeView defines
the format of <strong>symbol and type records</strong> that appear within specific streams.
Refer to the pages on <a class="reference internal" href="CodeViewSymbols.html"><span class="doc">CodeView Symbol Records</span></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="CodeViewTypes.html"><span class="doc">CodeView Type Records</span></a> for
more information about the CodeView format.</p>
</div>
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