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<div id="projectname">Crypto++
 <span id="projectnumber">7.0</span>
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<div id="projectbrief">Free C++ class library of cryptographic schemes</div>
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<p>Multiple precision integer with arithmetic operations.
<a href="#details">More...</a></p>
<p><a href="integer_8h_source.html">Go to the source code of this file.</a></p>
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Classes</h2></td></tr>
<tr class="memitem:"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top">struct  </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="struct_initialize_integer.html">InitializeInteger</a></td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:"><td class="mdescLeft"> </td><td class="mdescRight">Performs static initialization of the <a class="el" href="class_integer.html" title="Multiple precision integer with arithmetic operations.">Integer</a> class. <a href="struct_initialize_integer.html#details">More...</a><br /></td></tr>
<tr class="separator:"><td class="memSeparator" colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr class="memitem:"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top">class  </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="class_integer.html">Integer</a></td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:"><td class="mdescLeft"> </td><td class="mdescRight">Multiple precision integer with arithmetic operations. <a href="class_integer.html#details">More...</a><br /></td></tr>
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<tr class="memitem:"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top">class  </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="class_integer_1_1_divide_by_zero.html">Integer::DivideByZero</a></td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:"><td class="mdescLeft"> </td><td class="mdescRight"><a class="el" href="class_exception.html" title="Base class for all exceptions thrown by the library.">Exception</a> thrown when division by 0 is encountered. <a href="class_integer_1_1_divide_by_zero.html#details">More...</a><br /></td></tr>
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<tr class="memitem:"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top">class  </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="class_integer_1_1_random_number_not_found.html">Integer::RandomNumberNotFound</a></td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:"><td class="mdescLeft"> </td><td class="mdescRight"><a class="el" href="class_exception.html" title="Base class for all exceptions thrown by the library.">Exception</a> thrown when a random number cannot be found that satisfies the condition. <a href="class_integer_1_1_random_number_not_found.html#details">More...</a><br /></td></tr>
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<tr class="memitem:"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top">class  </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="class_integer_1_1_open_p_g_p_decode_err.html">Integer::OpenPGPDecodeErr</a></td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:"><td class="mdescLeft"> </td><td class="mdescRight"><a class="el" href="class_exception.html" title="Base class for all exceptions thrown by the library.">Exception</a> thrown when an error is encountered decoding an OpenPGP integer. <a href="class_integer_1_1_open_p_g_p_decode_err.html#details">More...</a><br /></td></tr>
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typedef <a class="el" href="class_sec_block.html">SecBlock</a>< word, <a class="el" href="class_allocator_with_cleanup.html">AllocatorWithCleanup</a>< word, true > > </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><b>IntegerSecBlock</b></td></tr>
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Functions</h2></td></tr>
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bool </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="integer_8h.html#ade08b3d167d85c38da8c43cfa66a640f">operator==</a> (const ::<a class="el" href="class_integer.html">Integer</a> &a, const ::<a class="el" href="class_integer.html">Integer</a> &b)</td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:ade08b3d167d85c38da8c43cfa66a640f"><td class="mdescLeft"> </td><td class="mdescRight">Comparison. <br /></td></tr>
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bool </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="integer_8h.html#ae999da0bcfa2f2d91a7acbcec22533dd">operator!=</a> (const ::<a class="el" href="class_integer.html">Integer</a> &a, const ::<a class="el" href="class_integer.html">Integer</a> &b)</td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:ae999da0bcfa2f2d91a7acbcec22533dd"><td class="mdescLeft"> </td><td class="mdescRight">Comparison. <br /></td></tr>
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bool </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="integer_8h.html#ae3e6987d592852bb4b9e5096b4c90c64">operator></a> (const ::<a class="el" href="class_integer.html">Integer</a> &a, const ::<a class="el" href="class_integer.html">Integer</a> &b)</td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:ae3e6987d592852bb4b9e5096b4c90c64"><td class="mdescLeft"> </td><td class="mdescRight">Comparison. <br /></td></tr>
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bool </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="integer_8h.html#a7b0ae44df5d3c10c3aab96cbe05dbba5">operator>=</a> (const ::<a class="el" href="class_integer.html">Integer</a> &a, const ::<a class="el" href="class_integer.html">Integer</a> &b)</td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:a7b0ae44df5d3c10c3aab96cbe05dbba5"><td class="mdescLeft"> </td><td class="mdescRight">Comparison. <br /></td></tr>
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bool </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="integer_8h.html#a5a89747db6d098fb6e8c57b559a7a215">operator<</a> (const ::<a class="el" href="class_integer.html">Integer</a> &a, const ::<a class="el" href="class_integer.html">Integer</a> &b)</td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:a5a89747db6d098fb6e8c57b559a7a215"><td class="mdescLeft"> </td><td class="mdescRight">Comparison. <br /></td></tr>
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bool </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="integer_8h.html#a98986253088fef35d42e47af391d30d7">operator<=</a> (const ::<a class="el" href="class_integer.html">Integer</a> &a, const ::<a class="el" href="class_integer.html">Integer</a> &b)</td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:a98986253088fef35d42e47af391d30d7"><td class="mdescLeft"> </td><td class="mdescRight">Comparison. <br /></td></tr>
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inline ::<a class="el" href="class_integer.html">Integer</a> </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="integer_8h.html#afbec1fd1f7b419edb560dc4ee919da7e">operator+</a> (const ::<a class="el" href="class_integer.html">Integer</a> &a, const ::<a class="el" href="class_integer.html">Integer</a> &b)</td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:afbec1fd1f7b419edb560dc4ee919da7e"><td class="mdescLeft"> </td><td class="mdescRight">Addition. <br /></td></tr>
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<tr class="memitem:a608b1434db86edad946fd1c20737c05e"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top"><a id="a608b1434db86edad946fd1c20737c05e"></a>
inline ::<a class="el" href="class_integer.html">Integer</a> </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="integer_8h.html#a608b1434db86edad946fd1c20737c05e">operator-</a> (const ::<a class="el" href="class_integer.html">Integer</a> &a, const ::<a class="el" href="class_integer.html">Integer</a> &b)</td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:a608b1434db86edad946fd1c20737c05e"><td class="mdescLeft"> </td><td class="mdescRight">Subtraction. <br /></td></tr>
<tr class="separator:a608b1434db86edad946fd1c20737c05e"><td class="memSeparator" colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr class="memitem:a83bd503d3921cad11bc71203754c2bef"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top">inline ::<a class="el" href="class_integer.html">Integer</a> </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="integer_8h.html#a83bd503d3921cad11bc71203754c2bef">operator*</a> (const ::<a class="el" href="class_integer.html">Integer</a> &a, const ::<a class="el" href="class_integer.html">Integer</a> &b)</td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:a83bd503d3921cad11bc71203754c2bef"><td class="mdescLeft"> </td><td class="mdescRight">Multiplication. <a href="#a83bd503d3921cad11bc71203754c2bef">More...</a><br /></td></tr>
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<tr class="memitem:ac429f380c60784a2a84dbf8395e91763"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top"><a id="ac429f380c60784a2a84dbf8395e91763"></a>
inline ::<a class="el" href="class_integer.html">Integer</a> </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="integer_8h.html#ac429f380c60784a2a84dbf8395e91763">operator/</a> (const ::<a class="el" href="class_integer.html">Integer</a> &a, const ::<a class="el" href="class_integer.html">Integer</a> &b)</td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:ac429f380c60784a2a84dbf8395e91763"><td class="mdescLeft"> </td><td class="mdescRight">Division. <br /></td></tr>
<tr class="separator:ac429f380c60784a2a84dbf8395e91763"><td class="memSeparator" colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr class="memitem:a44f26775ef8241769ee4f83607a77747"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top">inline ::<a class="el" href="class_integer.html">Integer</a> </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="integer_8h.html#a44f26775ef8241769ee4f83607a77747">operator%</a> (const ::<a class="el" href="class_integer.html">Integer</a> &a, const ::<a class="el" href="class_integer.html">Integer</a> &b)</td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:a44f26775ef8241769ee4f83607a77747"><td class="mdescLeft"> </td><td class="mdescRight">Remainder. <a href="#a44f26775ef8241769ee4f83607a77747">More...</a><br /></td></tr>
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<tr class="memitem:a251267f77c4aa88eef85bb8429ac6c4d"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top"><a id="a251267f77c4aa88eef85bb8429ac6c4d"></a>
inline ::<a class="el" href="class_integer.html">Integer</a> </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="integer_8h.html#a251267f77c4aa88eef85bb8429ac6c4d">operator/</a> (const ::<a class="el" href="class_integer.html">Integer</a> &a, ::word b)</td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:a251267f77c4aa88eef85bb8429ac6c4d"><td class="mdescLeft"> </td><td class="mdescRight">Division. <br /></td></tr>
<tr class="separator:a251267f77c4aa88eef85bb8429ac6c4d"><td class="memSeparator" colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr class="memitem:a44b21d08ddd15c5c053ed4e1e487ddc2"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top">inline ::word </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="integer_8h.html#a44b21d08ddd15c5c053ed4e1e487ddc2">operator%</a> (const ::<a class="el" href="class_integer.html">Integer</a> &a, ::word b)</td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:a44b21d08ddd15c5c053ed4e1e487ddc2"><td class="mdescLeft"> </td><td class="mdescRight">Remainder. <a href="#a44b21d08ddd15c5c053ed4e1e487ddc2">More...</a><br /></td></tr>
<tr class="separator:a44b21d08ddd15c5c053ed4e1e487ddc2"><td class="memSeparator" colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr class="memitem:a1e34ca9b97eef5b01e41f91888d17e11"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top">inline ::<a class="el" href="class_integer.html">Integer</a> </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="integer_8h.html#a1e34ca9b97eef5b01e41f91888d17e11">operator&</a> (const ::<a class="el" href="class_integer.html">Integer</a> &a, const ::<a class="el" href="class_integer.html">Integer</a> &b)</td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:a1e34ca9b97eef5b01e41f91888d17e11"><td class="mdescLeft"> </td><td class="mdescRight">Bitwise AND. <a href="#a1e34ca9b97eef5b01e41f91888d17e11">More...</a><br /></td></tr>
<tr class="separator:a1e34ca9b97eef5b01e41f91888d17e11"><td class="memSeparator" colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr class="memitem:a77bd1e522f3daa33643e6981017a31fb"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top">inline ::<a class="el" href="class_integer.html">Integer</a> </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="integer_8h.html#a77bd1e522f3daa33643e6981017a31fb">operator|</a> (const ::<a class="el" href="class_integer.html">Integer</a> &a, const ::<a class="el" href="class_integer.html">Integer</a> &b)</td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:a77bd1e522f3daa33643e6981017a31fb"><td class="mdescLeft"> </td><td class="mdescRight">Bitwise OR. <a href="#a77bd1e522f3daa33643e6981017a31fb">More...</a><br /></td></tr>
<tr class="separator:a77bd1e522f3daa33643e6981017a31fb"><td class="memSeparator" colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr class="memitem:a64be1a6a08bd3fa60eac799b0c3f43c2"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top">inline ::<a class="el" href="class_integer.html">Integer</a> </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="integer_8h.html#a64be1a6a08bd3fa60eac799b0c3f43c2">operator^</a> (const ::<a class="el" href="class_integer.html">Integer</a> &a, const ::<a class="el" href="class_integer.html">Integer</a> &b)</td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:a64be1a6a08bd3fa60eac799b0c3f43c2"><td class="mdescLeft"> </td><td class="mdescRight">Bitwise XOR. <a href="#a64be1a6a08bd3fa60eac799b0c3f43c2">More...</a><br /></td></tr>
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void </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><b>swap</b> (::<a class="el" href="class_integer.html">Integer</a> &a, ::<a class="el" href="class_integer.html">Integer</a> &b)</td></tr>
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<a name="details" id="details"></a><h2 class="groupheader">Detailed Description</h2>
<div class="textblock"><p>Multiple precision integer with arithmetic operations. </p>
<p>The <a class="el" href="class_integer.html" title="Multiple precision integer with arithmetic operations.">Integer</a> class can represent positive and negative integers with absolute value less than (256**sizeof(word))<sup>(256**sizeof(int))</sup>.</p>
<p>Internally, the library uses a sign magnitude representation, and the class has two data members. The first is a IntegerSecBlock (a <a class="el" href="class_sec_block.html">SecBlock<word></a>) and it is used to hold the representation. The second is a Sign (an enumeration), and it is used to track the sign of the <a class="el" href="class_integer.html" title="Multiple precision integer with arithmetic operations.">Integer</a>.</p>
<p>For details on how the <a class="el" href="class_integer.html" title="Multiple precision integer with arithmetic operations.">Integer</a> class initializes its function pointers using <a class="el" href="struct_initialize_integer.html" title="Performs static initialization of the Integer class.">InitializeInteger</a> and how it creates <a class="el" href="class_integer.html#a19b7e6d48b1b57bd4846160ea2928175" title="Integer representing 0.">Integer::Zero()</a>, <a class="el" href="class_integer.html#a8c070592581bf6c2f928c72bfa1c1638" title="Integer representing 1.">Integer::One()</a>, and <a class="el" href="class_integer.html#af0cb74a45a48e677952166bdac9d82d7" title="Integer representing 2.">Integer::Two()</a>, then see the comments at the top of <code><a class="el" href="integer_8cpp_source.html">integer.cpp</a></code>. </p><dl class="section since"><dt>Since</dt><dd>Crypto++ 1.0 </dd></dl>
<p class="definition">Definition in file <a class="el" href="integer_8h_source.html">integer.h</a>.</p>
</div><h2 class="groupheader">Function Documentation</h2>
<a id="a83bd503d3921cad11bc71203754c2bef"></a>
<h2 class="memtitle"><span class="permalink"><a href="#a83bd503d3921cad11bc71203754c2bef">◆ </a></span>operator*()</h2>
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<td class="memname">inline ::<a class="el" href="class_integer.html">Integer</a> operator* </td>
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<td class="paramtype">const ::<a class="el" href="class_integer.html">Integer</a> & </td>
<td class="paramname"><em>a</em>, </td>
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<td class="paramtype">const ::<a class="el" href="class_integer.html">Integer</a> & </td>
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<p>Multiplication. </p>
<dl class="section see"><dt>See also</dt><dd>a_times_b_mod_c() and a_exp_b_mod_c() </dd></dl>
<p class="definition">Definition at line <a class="el" href="integer_8h_source.html#l00750">750</a> of file <a class="el" href="integer_8h_source.html">integer.h</a>.</p>
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<h2 class="memtitle"><span class="permalink"><a href="#a44f26775ef8241769ee4f83607a77747">◆ </a></span>operator%() <span class="overload">[1/2]</span></h2>
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<td class="memname">inline ::<a class="el" href="class_integer.html">Integer</a> operator% </td>
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<td class="paramtype">const ::<a class="el" href="class_integer.html">Integer</a> & </td>
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<p>Remainder. </p>
<dl class="section see"><dt>See also</dt><dd>a_times_b_mod_c() and a_exp_b_mod_c() </dd></dl>
<p class="definition">Definition at line <a class="el" href="integer_8h_source.html#l00755">755</a> of file <a class="el" href="integer_8h_source.html">integer.h</a>.</p>
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<h2 class="memtitle"><span class="permalink"><a href="#a44b21d08ddd15c5c053ed4e1e487ddc2">◆ </a></span>operator%() <span class="overload">[2/2]</span></h2>
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<td class="paramtype">const ::<a class="el" href="class_integer.html">Integer</a> & </td>
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<p>Remainder. </p>
<dl class="section see"><dt>See also</dt><dd>a_times_b_mod_c() and a_exp_b_mod_c() </dd></dl>
<p class="definition">Definition at line <a class="el" href="integer_8h_source.html#l00760">760</a> of file <a class="el" href="integer_8h_source.html">integer.h</a>.</p>
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<h2 class="memtitle"><span class="permalink"><a href="#a1e34ca9b97eef5b01e41f91888d17e11">◆ </a></span>operator&()</h2>
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<td class="memname">inline ::<a class="el" href="class_integer.html">Integer</a> operator& </td>
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<p>Bitwise AND. </p>
<dl class="params"><dt>Parameters</dt><dd>
<table class="params">
<tr><td class="paramname">a</td><td>the first <a class="el" href="class_integer.html" title="Multiple precision integer with arithmetic operations.">Integer</a> </td></tr>
<tr><td class="paramname">b</td><td>the second <a class="el" href="class_integer.html" title="Multiple precision integer with arithmetic operations.">Integer</a> </td></tr>
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<dl class="section return"><dt>Returns</dt><dd>the result of a & b</dd></dl>
<p><a class="el" href="integer_8h.html#a1e34ca9b97eef5b01e41f91888d17e11" title="Bitwise AND.">operator&()</a> performs a bitwise AND on the operands. Missing bits are truncated at the most significant bit positions, so the result is as small as the smaller of the operands.</p>
<p>Internally, Crypto++ uses a sign-magnitude representation. The library does not attempt to interpret bits, and the result is always POSITIVE. If needed, the integer should be converted to a 2's compliment representation before performing the operation. </p><dl class="section since"><dt>Since</dt><dd>Crypto++ 6.0 </dd></dl>
<p class="definition">Definition at line <a class="el" href="integer_8h_source.html#l00774">774</a> of file <a class="el" href="integer_8h_source.html">integer.h</a>.</p>
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<h2 class="memtitle"><span class="permalink"><a href="#a77bd1e522f3daa33643e6981017a31fb">◆ </a></span>operator|()</h2>
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<p>Bitwise OR. </p>
<dl class="params"><dt>Parameters</dt><dd>
<table class="params">
<tr><td class="paramname">a</td><td>the first <a class="el" href="class_integer.html" title="Multiple precision integer with arithmetic operations.">Integer</a> </td></tr>
<tr><td class="paramname">b</td><td>the second <a class="el" href="class_integer.html" title="Multiple precision integer with arithmetic operations.">Integer</a> </td></tr>
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<dl class="section return"><dt>Returns</dt><dd>the result of a | b</dd></dl>
<p><a class="el" href="integer_8h.html#a77bd1e522f3daa33643e6981017a31fb" title="Bitwise OR.">operator|()</a> performs a bitwise OR on the operands. Missing bits are shifted in at the most significant bit positions, so the result is as large as the larger of the operands.</p>
<p>Internally, Crypto++ uses a sign-magnitude representation. The library does not attempt to interpret bits, and the result is always POSITIVE. If needed, the integer should be converted to a 2's compliment representation before performing the operation. </p><dl class="section since"><dt>Since</dt><dd>Crypto++ 6.0 </dd></dl>
<p class="definition">Definition at line <a class="el" href="integer_8h_source.html#l00788">788</a> of file <a class="el" href="integer_8h_source.html">integer.h</a>.</p>
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<h2 class="memtitle"><span class="permalink"><a href="#a64be1a6a08bd3fa60eac799b0c3f43c2">◆ </a></span>operator^()</h2>
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<p>Bitwise XOR. </p>
<dl class="params"><dt>Parameters</dt><dd>
<table class="params">
<tr><td class="paramname">a</td><td>the first <a class="el" href="class_integer.html" title="Multiple precision integer with arithmetic operations.">Integer</a> </td></tr>
<tr><td class="paramname">b</td><td>the second <a class="el" href="class_integer.html" title="Multiple precision integer with arithmetic operations.">Integer</a> </td></tr>
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<dl class="section return"><dt>Returns</dt><dd>the result of a ^ b</dd></dl>
<p><a class="el" href="integer_8h.html#a64be1a6a08bd3fa60eac799b0c3f43c2" title="Bitwise XOR.">operator^()</a> performs a bitwise XOR on the operands. Missing bits are shifted in at the most significant bit positions, so the result is as large as the larger of the operands.</p>
<p>Internally, Crypto++ uses a sign-magnitude representation. The library does not attempt to interpret bits, and the result is always POSITIVE. If needed, the integer should be converted to a 2's compliment representation before performing the operation. </p><dl class="section since"><dt>Since</dt><dd>Crypto++ 6.0 </dd></dl>
<p class="definition">Definition at line <a class="el" href="integer_8h_source.html#l00802">802</a> of file <a class="el" href="integer_8h_source.html">integer.h</a>.</p>
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