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<div class="section" id="internet-data-handling">
<span id="netdata"></span><h1>Internet Data Handling<a class="headerlink" href="#internet-data-handling" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<p>This chapter describes modules which support handling data formats commonly used
on the Internet.</p>
<div class="toctree-wrapper compound">
<ul>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="email.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">email</span></code> — An email and MIME handling package</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="email.message.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">email.message</span></code>: Representing an email message</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="email.parser.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">email.parser</span></code>: Parsing email messages</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="email.parser.html#feedparser-api">FeedParser API</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="email.parser.html#parser-api">Parser API</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="email.parser.html#additional-notes">Additional notes</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="email.generator.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">email.generator</span></code>: Generating MIME documents</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="email.policy.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">email.policy</span></code>: Policy Objects</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="email.errors.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">email.errors</span></code>: Exception and Defect classes</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="email.headerregistry.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">email.headerregistry</span></code>: Custom Header Objects</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="email.contentmanager.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">email.contentmanager</span></code>: Managing MIME Content</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="email.contentmanager.html#content-manager-instances">Content Manager Instances</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="email.examples.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">email</span></code>: Examples</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="email.compat32-message.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">email.message.Message</span></code>: Representing an email message using the <code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">compat32</span></code> API</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="email.mime.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">email.mime</span></code>: Creating email and MIME objects from scratch</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="email.header.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">email.header</span></code>: Internationalized headers</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="email.charset.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">email.charset</span></code>: Representing character sets</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="email.encoders.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">email.encoders</span></code>: Encoders</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="email.utils.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">email.utils</span></code>: Miscellaneous utilities</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="email.iterators.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">email.iterators</span></code>: Iterators</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="json.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">json</span></code> — JSON encoder and decoder</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="json.html#basic-usage">Basic Usage</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="json.html#encoders-and-decoders">Encoders and Decoders</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="json.html#exceptions">Exceptions</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="json.html#standard-compliance-and-interoperability">Standard Compliance and Interoperability</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="json.html#character-encodings">Character Encodings</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="json.html#infinite-and-nan-number-values">Infinite and NaN Number Values</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="json.html#repeated-names-within-an-object">Repeated Names Within an Object</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="json.html#top-level-non-object-non-array-values">Top-level Non-Object, Non-Array Values</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="json.html#implementation-limitations">Implementation Limitations</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="json.html#module-json.tool">Command Line Interface</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="json.html#command-line-options">Command line options</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="mailcap.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mailcap</span></code> — Mailcap file handling</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="mailbox.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mailbox</span></code> — Manipulate mailboxes in various formats</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="mailbox.html#mailbox-objects"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Mailbox</span></code> objects</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="mailbox.html#maildir"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Maildir</span></code></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="mailbox.html#mbox"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mbox</span></code></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="mailbox.html#mh"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">MH</span></code></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="mailbox.html#babyl"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Babyl</span></code></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="mailbox.html#mmdf"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">MMDF</span></code></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="mailbox.html#message-objects"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Message</span></code> objects</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="mailbox.html#maildirmessage"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">MaildirMessage</span></code></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="mailbox.html#mboxmessage"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mboxMessage</span></code></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="mailbox.html#mhmessage"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">MHMessage</span></code></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="mailbox.html#babylmessage"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">BabylMessage</span></code></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="mailbox.html#mmdfmessage"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">MMDFMessage</span></code></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="mailbox.html#exceptions">Exceptions</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="mailbox.html#examples">Examples</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="mimetypes.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mimetypes</span></code> — Map filenames to MIME types</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="mimetypes.html#mimetypes-objects">MimeTypes Objects</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="base64.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">base64</span></code> — Base16, Base32, Base64, Base85 Data Encodings</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="binhex.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">binhex</span></code> — Encode and decode binhex4 files</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="binhex.html#notes">Notes</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="binascii.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">binascii</span></code> — Convert between binary and ASCII</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="quopri.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">quopri</span></code> — Encode and decode MIME quoted-printable data</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="uu.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">uu</span></code> — Encode and decode uuencode files</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
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<h4>Previous topic</h4>
<p class="topless"><a href="mmap.html"
title="previous chapter"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mmap</span></code> — Memory-mapped file support</a></p>
<h4>Next topic</h4>
<p class="topless"><a href="email.html"
title="next chapter"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">email</span></code> — An email and MIME handling package</a></p>
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