<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>createuser</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="pgsql-docs@lists.postgresql.org" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets Vsnapshot" /><link rel="prev" href="app-createdb.html" title="createdb" /><link rel="next" href="app-dropdb.html" title="dropdb" /></head><body><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center"><span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="application">createuser</span></th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="app-createdb.html" title="createdb">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="reference-client.html" title="PostgreSQL Client Applications">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">PostgreSQL Client Applications</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 11.10 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="app-dropdb.html" title="dropdb">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></hr></div><div class="refentry" id="APP-CREATEUSER"><div class="titlepage"></div><a id="id-1.9.4.5.1" class="indexterm"></a><div class="refnamediv"><h2><span class="refentrytitle"><span class="application">createuser</span></span></h2><p>createuser — define a new <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> user account</p></div><div class="refsynopsisdiv"><h2>Synopsis</h2><div class="cmdsynopsis"><p id="id-1.9.4.5.4.1"><code class="command">createuser</code> [<em class="replaceable"><code>connection-option</code></em>...] [<em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em>...] [<em class="replaceable"><code>username</code></em>]</p></div></div><div class="refsect1" id="id-1.9.4.5.5"><h2>Description</h2><p> <span class="application">createuser</span> creates a new <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> user (or more precisely, a role). Only superusers and users with <code class="literal">CREATEROLE</code> privilege can create new users, so <span class="application">createuser</span> must be invoked by someone who can connect as a superuser or a user with <code class="literal">CREATEROLE</code> privilege. </p><p> If you wish to create a new superuser, you must connect as a superuser, not merely with <code class="literal">CREATEROLE</code> privilege. Being a superuser implies the ability to bypass all access permission checks within the database, so superuserdom should not be granted lightly. </p><p> <span class="application">createuser</span> is a wrapper around the <acronym class="acronym">SQL</acronym> command <a class="xref" href="sql-createrole.html" title="CREATE ROLE"><span class="refentrytitle">CREATE ROLE</span></a>. There is no effective difference between creating users via this utility and via other methods for accessing the server. </p></div><div class="refsect1" id="id-1.9.4.5.6"><h2>Options</h2><p> <span class="application">createuser</span> accepts the following command-line arguments: </p><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt><span class="term"><em class="replaceable"><code>username</code></em></span></dt><dd><p> Specifies the name of the <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> user to be created. This name must be different from all existing roles in this <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> installation. </p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">-c <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em></code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="option">--connection-limit=<em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em></code></span></dt><dd><p> Set a maximum number of connections for the new user. The default is to set no limit. </p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">-d</code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="option">--createdb</code></span></dt><dd><p> The new user will be allowed to create databases. </p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">-D</code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="option">--no-createdb</code></span></dt><dd><p> The new user will not be allowed to create databases. This is the default. </p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">-e</code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="option">--echo</code></span></dt><dd><p> Echo the commands that <span class="application">createuser</span> generates and sends to the server. </p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">-E</code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="option">--encrypted</code></span></dt><dd><p> This option is obsolete but still accepted for backward compatibility. </p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">-g <em class="replaceable"><code>role</code></em></code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="option">--role=<em class="replaceable"><code>role</code></em></code></span></dt><dd><p> Indicates role to which this role will be added immediately as a new member. Multiple roles to which this role will be added as a member can be specified by writing multiple <code class="option">-g</code> switches. </p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">-i</code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="option">--inherit</code></span></dt><dd><p> The new role will automatically inherit privileges of roles it is a member of. This is the default. </p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">-I</code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="option">--no-inherit</code></span></dt><dd><p> The new role will not automatically inherit privileges of roles it is a member of. </p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">--interactive</code></span></dt><dd><p> Prompt for the user name if none is specified on the command line, and also prompt for whichever of the options <code class="option">-d</code>/<code class="option">-D</code>, <code class="option">-r</code>/<code class="option">-R</code>, <code class="option">-s</code>/<code class="option">-S</code> is not specified on the command line. (This was the default behavior up to PostgreSQL 9.1.) </p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">-l</code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="option">--login</code></span></dt><dd><p> The new user will be allowed to log in (that is, the user name can be used as the initial session user identifier). This is the default. </p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">-L</code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="option">--no-login</code></span></dt><dd><p> The new user will not be allowed to log in. (A role without login privilege is still useful as a means of managing database permissions.) </p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">-P</code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="option">--pwprompt</code></span></dt><dd><p> If given, <span class="application">createuser</span> will issue a prompt for the password of the new user. This is not necessary if you do not plan on using password authentication. </p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">-r</code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="option">--createrole</code></span></dt><dd><p> The new user will be allowed to create new roles (that is, this user will have <code class="literal">CREATEROLE</code> privilege). </p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">-R</code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="option">--no-createrole</code></span></dt><dd><p> The new user will not be allowed to create new roles. This is the default. </p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">-s</code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="option">--superuser</code></span></dt><dd><p> The new user will be a superuser. </p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">-S</code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="option">--no-superuser</code></span></dt><dd><p> The new user will not be a superuser. This is the default. </p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">-V</code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="option">--version</code></span></dt><dd><p> Print the <span class="application">createuser</span> version and exit. </p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">--replication</code></span></dt><dd><p> The new user will have the <code class="literal">REPLICATION</code> privilege, which is described more fully in the documentation for <a class="xref" href="sql-createrole.html" title="CREATE ROLE"><span class="refentrytitle">CREATE ROLE</span></a>. </p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">--no-replication</code></span></dt><dd><p> The new user will not have the <code class="literal">REPLICATION</code> privilege, which is described more fully in the documentation for <a class="xref" href="sql-createrole.html" title="CREATE ROLE"><span class="refentrytitle">CREATE ROLE</span></a>. </p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">-?</code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="option">--help</code></span></dt><dd><p> Show help about <span class="application">createuser</span> command line arguments, and exit. </p></dd></dl></div><p> </p><p> <span class="application">createuser</span> also accepts the following command-line arguments for connection parameters: </p><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">-h <em class="replaceable"><code>host</code></em></code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="option">--host=<em class="replaceable"><code>host</code></em></code></span></dt><dd><p> Specifies the host name of the machine on which the server is running. If the value begins with a slash, it is used as the directory for the Unix domain socket. </p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">-p <em class="replaceable"><code>port</code></em></code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="option">--port=<em class="replaceable"><code>port</code></em></code></span></dt><dd><p> Specifies the TCP port or local Unix domain socket file extension on which the server is listening for connections. </p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">-U <em class="replaceable"><code>username</code></em></code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="option">--username=<em class="replaceable"><code>username</code></em></code></span></dt><dd><p> User name to connect as (not the user name to create). </p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">-w</code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="option">--no-password</code></span></dt><dd><p> Never issue a password prompt. If the server requires password authentication and a password is not available by other means such as a <code class="filename">.pgpass</code> file, the connection attempt will fail. This option can be useful in batch jobs and scripts where no user is present to enter a password. </p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">-W</code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="option">--password</code></span></dt><dd><p> Force <span class="application">createuser</span> to prompt for a password (for connecting to the server, not for the password of the new user). </p><p> This option is never essential, since <span class="application">createuser</span> will automatically prompt for a password if the server demands password authentication. However, <span class="application">createuser</span> will waste a connection attempt finding out that the server wants a password. In some cases it is worth typing <code class="option">-W</code> to avoid the extra connection attempt. </p></dd></dl></div><p> </p></div><div class="refsect1" id="id-1.9.4.5.7"><h2>Environment</h2><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt><span class="term"><code class="envar">PGHOST</code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="envar">PGPORT</code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="envar">PGUSER</code></span></dt><dd><p> Default connection parameters </p></dd></dl></div><p> This utility, like most other <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> utilities, also uses the environment variables supported by <span class="application">libpq</span> (see <a class="xref" href="libpq-envars.html" title="34.14. Environment Variables">Section 34.14</a>). </p></div><div class="refsect1" id="id-1.9.4.5.8"><h2>Diagnostics</h2><p> In case of difficulty, see <a class="xref" href="sql-createrole.html" title="CREATE ROLE"><span class="refentrytitle">CREATE ROLE</span></a> and <a class="xref" href="app-psql.html" title="psql"><span class="refentrytitle"><span class="application">psql</span></span></a> for discussions of potential problems and error messages. The database server must be running at the targeted host. Also, any default connection settings and environment variables used by the <span class="application">libpq</span> front-end library will apply. </p></div><div class="refsect1" id="id-1.9.4.5.9"><h2>Examples</h2><p> To create a user <code class="literal">joe</code> on the default database server: </p><pre class="screen"> <code class="prompt">$ </code><strong class="userinput"><code>createuser joe</code></strong> </pre><p> </p><p> To create a user <code class="literal">joe</code> on the default database server with prompting for some additional attributes: </p><pre class="screen"> <code class="prompt">$ </code><strong class="userinput"><code>createuser --interactive joe</code></strong> <code class="computeroutput">Shall the new role be a superuser? (y/n) </code><strong class="userinput"><code>n</code></strong> <code class="computeroutput">Shall the new role be allowed to create databases? (y/n) </code><strong class="userinput"><code>n</code></strong> <code class="computeroutput">Shall the new role be allowed to create more new roles? (y/n) </code><strong class="userinput"><code>n</code></strong> </pre><p> </p><p> To create the same user <code class="literal">joe</code> using the server on host <code class="literal">eden</code>, port 5000, with attributes explicitly specified, taking a look at the underlying command: </p><pre class="screen"> <code class="prompt">$ </code><strong class="userinput"><code>createuser -h eden -p 5000 -S -D -R -e joe</code></strong> <code class="computeroutput">CREATE ROLE joe NOSUPERUSER NOCREATEDB NOCREATEROLE INHERIT LOGIN;</code> </pre><p> </p><p> To create the user <code class="literal">joe</code> as a superuser, and assign a password immediately: </p><pre class="screen"> <code class="prompt">$ </code><strong class="userinput"><code>createuser -P -s -e joe</code></strong> <code class="computeroutput">Enter password for new role: </code><strong class="userinput"><code>xyzzy</code></strong> <code class="computeroutput">Enter it again: </code><strong class="userinput"><code>xyzzy</code></strong> <code class="computeroutput">CREATE ROLE joe PASSWORD 'md5b5f5ba1a423792b526f799ae4eb3d59e' SUPERUSER CREATEDB CREATEROLE INHERIT LOGIN;</code> </pre><p> In the above example, the new password isn't actually echoed when typed, but we show what was typed for clarity. As you see, the password is encrypted before it is sent to the client. </p></div><div class="refsect1" id="id-1.9.4.5.10"><h2>See Also</h2><span class="simplelist"><a class="xref" href="app-dropuser.html" title="dropuser"><span class="refentrytitle"><span class="application">dropuser</span></span></a>, <a class="xref" href="sql-createrole.html" title="CREATE ROLE"><span class="refentrytitle">CREATE ROLE</span></a></span></div></div><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="navfooter"><hr></hr><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="app-createdb.html" title="createdb">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="reference-client.html" title="PostgreSQL Client Applications">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="app-dropdb.html" title="dropdb">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top"><span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="application">createdb</span> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 11.10 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> <span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="application">dropdb</span></td></tr></table></div></body></html>