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examples.performance.single_inserts
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SQLAlchemy 1.2 Documentation
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Release: <span class="version-num">1.2.19</span>
| Release Date: April 15, 2019
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<h1>SQLAlchemy 1.2 Documentation</h1>
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<h1>Source code for examples.performance.single_inserts</h1><div class="highlight"><pre>
<span></span><span class="sd">"""In this series of tests, we're looking at a method that inserts a row</span>
<span class="sd">within a distinct transaction, and afterwards returns to essentially a</span>
<span class="sd">"closed" state. This would be analogous to an API call that starts up</span>
<span class="sd">a database connection, inserts the row, commits and closes.</span>
<span class="sd">"""</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">sqlalchemy</span> <span class="k">import</span> <span class="n">bindparam</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">sqlalchemy</span> <span class="k">import</span> <span class="n">Column</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">sqlalchemy</span> <span class="k">import</span> <span class="n">create_engine</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">sqlalchemy</span> <span class="k">import</span> <span class="n">Integer</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">sqlalchemy</span> <span class="k">import</span> <span class="n">pool</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">sqlalchemy</span> <span class="k">import</span> <span class="n">String</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">sqlalchemy.ext.declarative</span> <span class="k">import</span> <span class="n">declarative_base</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">sqlalchemy.orm</span> <span class="k">import</span> <span class="n">Session</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">.</span> <span class="k">import</span> <span class="n">Profiler</span>
<span class="n">Base</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">declarative_base</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">engine</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">None</span>
<span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">Customer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Base</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">__tablename__</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">"customer"</span>
<span class="nb">id</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Column</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Integer</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">primary_key</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">name</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Column</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">String</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">255</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="n">description</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Column</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">String</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">255</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="n">Profiler</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">init</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"single_inserts"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">num</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">10000</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nd">@Profiler</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">setup</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">setup_database</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dburl</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">echo</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">num</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">global</span> <span class="n">engine</span>
<span class="n">engine</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">create_engine</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dburl</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">echo</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">echo</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">engine</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">dialect</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">name</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s2">"sqlite"</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">engine</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pool</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">pool</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">StaticPool</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">creator</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">engine</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pool</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_creator</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">Base</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">metadata</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">drop_all</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">engine</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">Base</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">metadata</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">create_all</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">engine</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nd">@Profiler</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">profile</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">test_orm_commit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sd">"""Individual INSERT/COMMIT pairs via the ORM"""</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">session</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Session</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">bind</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">engine</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">session</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="n">Customer</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="n">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"customer name </span><span class="si">%d</span><span class="s2">"</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="n">i</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">description</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"customer description </span><span class="si">%d</span><span class="s2">"</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="n">i</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">session</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">commit</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="nd">@Profiler</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">profile</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">test_bulk_save</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sd">"""Individual INSERT/COMMIT pairs using the "bulk" API """</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">session</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Session</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">bind</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">engine</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">session</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">bulk_save_objects</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="p">[</span>
<span class="n">Customer</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="n">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"customer name </span><span class="si">%d</span><span class="s2">"</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="n">i</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">description</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"customer description </span><span class="si">%d</span><span class="s2">"</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="n">i</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">]</span>
<span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">session</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">commit</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="nd">@Profiler</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">profile</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">test_bulk_insert_dictionaries</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sd">"""Individual INSERT/COMMIT pairs using the "bulk" API with dictionaries"""</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">session</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Session</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">bind</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">engine</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">session</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">bulk_insert_mappings</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="n">Customer</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="p">[</span>
<span class="nb">dict</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="n">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"customer name </span><span class="si">%d</span><span class="s2">"</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="n">i</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">description</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"customer description </span><span class="si">%d</span><span class="s2">"</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="n">i</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">],</span>
<span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">session</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">commit</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="nd">@Profiler</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">profile</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">test_core</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sd">"""Individual INSERT/COMMIT pairs using Core."""</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">with</span> <span class="n">engine</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">begin</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">conn</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">conn</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="n">Customer</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">__table__</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">insert</span><span class="p">(),</span>
<span class="nb">dict</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="n">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"customer name </span><span class="si">%d</span><span class="s2">"</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="n">i</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">description</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"customer description </span><span class="si">%d</span><span class="s2">"</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="n">i</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="p">),</span>
<span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nd">@Profiler</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">profile</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">test_core_query_caching</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sd">"""Individual INSERT/COMMIT pairs using Core with query caching"""</span>
<span class="n">cache</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{}</span>
<span class="n">ins</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Customer</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">__table__</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">insert</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">with</span> <span class="n">engine</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">begin</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">conn</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">conn</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execution_options</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">compiled_cache</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">cache</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="n">ins</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="nb">dict</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="n">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"customer name </span><span class="si">%d</span><span class="s2">"</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="n">i</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">description</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"customer description </span><span class="si">%d</span><span class="s2">"</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="n">i</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="p">),</span>
<span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nd">@Profiler</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">profile</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">test_dbapi_raw_w_connect</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sd">"""Individual INSERT/COMMIT pairs w/ DBAPI + connection each time"""</span>
<span class="n">_test_dbapi_raw</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nd">@Profiler</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">profile</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">test_dbapi_raw_w_pool</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sd">"""Individual INSERT/COMMIT pairs w/ DBAPI + connection pool"""</span>
<span class="n">_test_dbapi_raw</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">_test_dbapi_raw</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">connect</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">compiled</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span>
<span class="n">Customer</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">__table__</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">insert</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="o">.</span><span class="n">values</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">bindparam</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"name"</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">description</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">bindparam</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"description"</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="o">.</span><span class="n">compile</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dialect</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">engine</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">dialect</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">compiled</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">positional</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">args</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span>
<span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"customer name </span><span class="si">%d</span><span class="s2">"</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="n">i</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">"customer description </span><span class="si">%d</span><span class="s2">"</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">args</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span>
<span class="nb">dict</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="n">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"customer name </span><span class="si">%d</span><span class="s2">"</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="n">i</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">description</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"customer description </span><span class="si">%d</span><span class="s2">"</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="n">i</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">sql</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">compiled</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">connect</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">arg</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">args</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="c1"># there's no connection pool, so if these were distinct</span>
<span class="c1"># calls, we'd be connecting each time</span>
<span class="n">conn</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">engine</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pool</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_creator</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">cursor</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">conn</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">cursor</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">cursor</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">sql</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">arg</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">lastrowid</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">cursor</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">lastrowid</span>
<span class="n">conn</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">commit</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">conn</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">close</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">arg</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">args</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">conn</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">engine</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">raw_connection</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">cursor</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">conn</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">cursor</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">cursor</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">sql</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">arg</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">lastrowid</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">cursor</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">lastrowid</span>
<span class="n">conn</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">commit</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">conn</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">close</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="vm">__name__</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s2">"__main__"</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">Profiler</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">main</span><span class="p">()</span></pre></div>
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