<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <HTML ><HEAD ><TITLE >Privoxy 3.0.32 User Manual</TITLE ><META NAME="GENERATOR" CONTENT="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.79"><LINK REL="NEXT" TITLE="Introduction" HREF="introduction.html"><LINK REL="STYLESHEET" TYPE="text/css" HREF="../p_doc.css"><META HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"> <LINK REL="STYLESHEET" TYPE="text/css" HREF="p_doc.css"> </head ><BODY CLASS="ARTICLE" BGCOLOR="#EEEEEE" TEXT="#000000" LINK="#0000FF" VLINK="#840084" ALINK="#0000FF" ><DIV CLASS="ARTICLE" ><DIV CLASS="TITLEPAGE" ><H1 CLASS="TITLE" ><A NAME="AEN2" >Privoxy 3.0.32 User Manual</A ></H1 ><P CLASS="PUBDATE" > <SUB > <A HREF="copyright.html" >Copyright</A > © 2001-2021 by <A HREF="https://www.privoxy.org/" TARGET="_top" >Privoxy Developers</A > </SUB ><BR></P ><DIV ><DIV CLASS="ABSTRACT" ><P ></P ><A NAME="AEN8" ></A ><P > The <I CLASS="CITETITLE" >Privoxy User Manual</I > gives users information on how to install, configure and use <A HREF="https://www.privoxy.org/" TARGET="_top" >Privoxy</A >. </P ><P > Privoxy is a non-caching web proxy with advanced filtering capabilities for enhancing privacy, modifying web page data and HTTP headers, controlling access, and removing ads and other obnoxious Internet junk. Privoxy has a flexible configuration and can be customized to suit individual needs and tastes. It has application for both stand-alone systems and multi-user networks.</P ><P > Privoxy is Free Software and licensed under the GNU GPLv2 or later.</P ><P > Privoxy is an associated project of Software in the Public Interest (SPI).</P ><P > Helping hands and donations are welcome:</P ><P > <P ></P ><UL ><LI ><P > <A HREF="https://www.privoxy.org/participate" TARGET="_top" >https://www.privoxy.org/participate</A > </P ></LI ><LI ><P > <A HREF="https://www.privoxy.org/donate" TARGET="_top" >https://www.privoxy.org/donate</A > </P ></LI ></UL ></P ><P > You can find the latest version of the <I CLASS="CITETITLE" >Privoxy User Manual</I > at <A HREF="https://www.privoxy.org/user-manual/" TARGET="_top" >https://www.privoxy.org/user-manual/</A >. Please see the <A HREF="contact.html" >Contact section</A > on how to contact the developers. </P ><P ></P ></DIV ></DIV ><HR></DIV ><DIV CLASS="TOC" ><DL ><DT ><B >Table of Contents</B ></DT ><DT >1. <A HREF="introduction.html" >Introduction</A ></DT ><DD ><DL ><DT >1.1. <A HREF="introduction.html#FEATURES" >Features</A ></DT ></DL ></DD ><DT >2. <A HREF="installation.html" >Installation</A ></DT ><DD ><DL ><DT >2.1. <A HREF="installation.html#INSTALLATION-PACKAGES" >Binary Packages</A ></DT ><DD ><DL ><DT >2.1.1. <A HREF="installation.html#INSTALLATION-DEB" >Debian and Ubuntu</A ></DT ><DT >2.1.2. <A HREF="installation.html#INSTALLATION-PACK-WIN" >Windows</A ></DT ><DT >2.1.3. <A HREF="installation.html#INSTALLATION-MAC" >Mac OS X</A ></DT ><DT >2.1.4. <A HREF="installation.html#OS-X-INSTALL-FROM-PACKAGE" >Installation from ready-built package</A ></DT ><DT >2.1.5. <A HREF="installation.html#OS-X-INSTALL-FROM-SOURCE" >Installation from source</A ></DT ><DT >2.1.6. <A HREF="installation.html#INSTALLATION-FREEBSD" >FreeBSD</A ></DT ></DL ></DD ><DT >2.2. <A HREF="installation.html#INSTALLATION-SOURCE" >Building from Source</A ></DT ><DD ><DL ><DT >2.2.1. <A HREF="installation.html#WINBUILD-CYGWIN" >Windows</A ></DT ></DL ></DD ><DT >2.3. <A HREF="installation.html#INSTALLATION-KEEPUPDATED" >Keeping your Installation Up-to-Date</A ></DT ></DL ></DD ><DT >3. <A HREF="whatsnew.html" >What's New in this Release</A ></DT ><DD ><DL ><DT >3.1. <A HREF="whatsnew.html#UPGRADERSNOTE" >Note to Upgraders</A ></DT ></DL ></DD ><DT >4. <A HREF="quickstart.html" >Quickstart to Using Privoxy</A ></DT ><DD ><DL ><DT >4.1. <A HREF="quickstart.html#QUICKSTART-AD-BLOCKING" >Quickstart to Ad Blocking</A ></DT ></DL ></DD ><DT >5. <A HREF="startup.html" >Starting Privoxy</A ></DT ><DD ><DL ><DT >5.1. <A HREF="startup.html#START-DEBIAN" >Debian</A ></DT ><DT >5.2. <A HREF="startup.html#START-FREEBSD" >FreeBSD and ElectroBSD</A ></DT ><DT >5.3. <A HREF="startup.html#START-WINDOWS" >Windows</A ></DT ><DT >5.4. <A HREF="startup.html#START-UNICES" >Generic instructions for Unix derivates (Solaris, NetBSD, HP-UX etc.)</A ></DT ><DT >5.5. <A HREF="startup.html#START-MACOSX" >Mac OS X</A ></DT ><DT >5.6. <A HREF="startup.html#CMDOPTIONS" >Command Line Options</A ></DT ></DL ></DD ><DT >6. <A HREF="configuration.html" >Privoxy Configuration</A ></DT ><DD ><DL ><DT >6.1. <A HREF="configuration.html#CONTROL-WITH-WEBBROWSER" >Controlling Privoxy with Your Web Browser</A ></DT ><DT >6.2. <A HREF="configuration.html#CONFOVERVIEW" >Configuration Files Overview</A ></DT ></DL ></DD ><DT >7. <A HREF="config.html" >The Main Configuration File</A ></DT ><DD ><DL ><DT >7.1. <A HREF="config.html#LOCAL-SET-UP" >Local Set-up Documentation</A ></DT ><DD ><DL ><DT >7.1.1. <A HREF="config.html#USER-MANUAL" >user-manual</A ></DT ><DT >7.1.2. <A HREF="config.html#TRUST-INFO-URL" >trust-info-url</A ></DT ><DT >7.1.3. <A HREF="config.html#ADMIN-ADDRESS" >admin-address</A ></DT ><DT >7.1.4. <A HREF="config.html#PROXY-INFO-URL" >proxy-info-url</A ></DT ></DL ></DD ><DT >7.2. <A HREF="config.html#CONF-LOG-LOC" >Configuration and Log File Locations</A ></DT ><DD ><DL ><DT >7.2.1. <A HREF="config.html#CONFDIR" >confdir</A ></DT ><DT >7.2.2. <A HREF="config.html#TEMPLDIR" >templdir</A ></DT ><DT >7.2.3. <A HREF="config.html#TEMPORARY-DIRECTORY" >temporary-directory</A ></DT ><DT >7.2.4. <A HREF="config.html#LOGDIR" >logdir</A ></DT ><DT >7.2.5. <A HREF="config.html#ACTIONSFILE" >actionsfile</A ></DT ><DT >7.2.6. <A HREF="config.html#FILTERFILE" >filterfile</A ></DT ><DT >7.2.7. <A HREF="config.html#LOGFILE" >logfile</A ></DT ><DT >7.2.8. <A HREF="config.html#TRUSTFILE" >trustfile</A ></DT ></DL ></DD ><DT >7.3. <A HREF="config.html#DEBUGGING" >Debugging</A ></DT ><DD ><DL ><DT >7.3.1. <A HREF="config.html#DEBUG" >debug</A ></DT ><DT >7.3.2. <A HREF="config.html#SINGLE-THREADED" >single-threaded</A ></DT ><DT >7.3.3. <A HREF="config.html#HOSTNAME" >hostname</A ></DT ></DL ></DD ><DT >7.4. <A HREF="config.html#ACCESS-CONTROL" >Access Control and Security</A ></DT ><DD ><DL ><DT >7.4.1. <A HREF="config.html#LISTEN-ADDRESS" >listen-address</A ></DT ><DT >7.4.2. <A HREF="config.html#TOGGLE" >toggle</A ></DT ><DT >7.4.3. <A HREF="config.html#ENABLE-REMOTE-TOGGLE" >enable-remote-toggle</A ></DT ><DT >7.4.4. <A HREF="config.html#ENABLE-REMOTE-HTTP-TOGGLE" >enable-remote-http-toggle</A ></DT ><DT >7.4.5. <A HREF="config.html#ENABLE-EDIT-ACTIONS" >enable-edit-actions</A ></DT ><DT >7.4.6. <A HREF="config.html#ENFORCE-BLOCKS" >enforce-blocks</A ></DT ><DT >7.4.7. <A HREF="config.html#ACLS" >ACLs: permit-access and deny-access</A ></DT ><DT >7.4.8. <A HREF="config.html#BUFFER-LIMIT" >buffer-limit</A ></DT ><DT >7.4.9. <A HREF="config.html#ENABLE-PROXY-AUTHENTICATION-FORWARDING" >enable-proxy-authentication-forwarding</A ></DT ><DT >7.4.10. <A HREF="config.html#TRUSTED-CGI-REFERER" >trusted-cgi-referer</A ></DT ><DT >7.4.11. <A HREF="config.html#CORS-ALLOWED-ORIGIN" >cors-allowed-origin</A ></DT ></DL ></DD ><DT >7.5. <A HREF="config.html#FORWARDING" >Forwarding</A ></DT ><DD ><DL ><DT >7.5.1. <A HREF="config.html#FORWARD" >forward</A ></DT ><DT >7.5.2. <A HREF="config.html#SOCKS" >forward-socks4, forward-socks4a, forward-socks5 and forward-socks5t</A ></DT ><DT >7.5.3. <A HREF="config.html#ADVANCED-FORWARDING-EXAMPLES" >Advanced Forwarding Examples</A ></DT ><DT >7.5.4. <A HREF="config.html#FORWARDED-CONNECT-RETRIES" >forwarded-connect-retries</A ></DT ></DL ></DD ><DT >7.6. <A HREF="config.html#MISC" >Miscellaneous</A ></DT ><DD ><DL ><DT >7.6.1. <A HREF="config.html#ACCEPT-INTERCEPTED-REQUESTS" >accept-intercepted-requests</A ></DT ><DT >7.6.2. <A HREF="config.html#ALLOW-CGI-REQUEST-CRUNCHING" >allow-cgi-request-crunching</A ></DT ><DT >7.6.3. <A HREF="config.html#SPLIT-LARGE-FORMS" >split-large-forms</A ></DT ><DT >7.6.4. <A HREF="config.html#KEEP-ALIVE-TIMEOUT" >keep-alive-timeout</A ></DT ><DT >7.6.5. <A HREF="config.html#TOLERATE-PIPELINING" >tolerate-pipelining</A ></DT ><DT >7.6.6. <A HREF="config.html#DEFAULT-SERVER-TIMEOUT" >default-server-timeout</A ></DT ><DT >7.6.7. <A HREF="config.html#CONNECTION-SHARING" >connection-sharing</A ></DT ><DT >7.6.8. <A HREF="config.html#SOCKET-TIMEOUT" >socket-timeout</A ></DT ><DT >7.6.9. <A HREF="config.html#MAX-CLIENT-CONNECTIONS" >max-client-connections</A ></DT ><DT >7.6.10. <A HREF="config.html#LISTEN-BACKLOG" >listen-backlog</A ></DT ><DT >7.6.11. <A HREF="config.html#ENABLE-ACCEPT-FILTER" >enable-accept-filter</A ></DT ><DT >7.6.12. <A HREF="config.html#HANDLE-AS-EMPTY-DOC-RETURNS-OK" >handle-as-empty-doc-returns-ok</A ></DT ><DT >7.6.13. <A HREF="config.html#ENABLE-COMPRESSION" >enable-compression</A ></DT ><DT >7.6.14. <A HREF="config.html#COMPRESSION-LEVEL" >compression-level</A ></DT ><DT >7.6.15. <A HREF="config.html#CLIENT-HEADER-ORDER" >client-header-order</A ></DT ><DT >7.6.16. <A HREF="config.html#CLIENT-SPECIFIC-TAG" >client-specific-tag</A ></DT ><DT >7.6.17. <A HREF="config.html#CLIENT-TAG-LIFETIME" >client-tag-lifetime</A ></DT ><DT >7.6.18. <A HREF="config.html#TRUST-X-FORWARDED-FOR" >trust-x-forwarded-for</A ></DT ><DT >7.6.19. <A HREF="config.html#ADDRESS-FAMILY-PREFERENCE" >address-family-preference</A ></DT ><DT >7.6.20. <A HREF="config.html#RECEIVE-BUFFER-SIZE" >receive-buffer-size</A ></DT ></DL ></DD ><DT >7.7. <A HREF="config.html#HTTPS-INSPECTION-DIRECTIVES" >HTTPS Inspection (Experimental)</A ></DT ><DD ><DL ><DT >7.7.1. <A HREF="config.html#CA-DIRECTORY" >ca-directory</A ></DT ><DT >7.7.2. <A HREF="config.html#CA-CERT-FILE" >ca-cert-file</A ></DT ><DT >7.7.3. <A HREF="config.html#CA-KEY-FILE" >ca-key-file</A ></DT ><DT >7.7.4. <A HREF="config.html#CA-PASSWORD" >ca-password</A ></DT ><DT >7.7.5. <A HREF="config.html#CERTIFICATE-DIRECTORY" >certificate-directory</A ></DT ><DT >7.7.6. <A HREF="config.html#CIPHER-LIST" >cipher-list</A ></DT ><DT >7.7.7. <A HREF="config.html#TRUSTED-CAS-FILE" >trusted-cas-file</A ></DT ></DL ></DD ><DT >7.8. <A HREF="config.html#WINDOWS-GUI" >Windows GUI Options</A ></DT ></DL ></DD ><DT >8. <A HREF="actions-file.html" >Actions Files</A ></DT ><DD ><DL ><DT >8.1. <A HREF="actions-file.html#RIGHT-MIX" >Finding the Right Mix</A ></DT ><DT >8.2. <A HREF="actions-file.html#HOW-TO-EDIT" >How to Edit</A ></DT ><DT >8.3. <A HREF="actions-file.html#ACTIONS-APPLY" >How Actions are Applied to Requests</A ></DT ><DT >8.4. <A HREF="actions-file.html#AF-PATTERNS" >Patterns</A ></DT ><DD ><DL ><DT >8.4.1. <A HREF="actions-file.html#HOST-PATTERN" >The Host Pattern</A ></DT ><DT >8.4.2. <A HREF="actions-file.html#PATH-PATTERN" >The Path Pattern</A ></DT ><DT >8.4.3. <A HREF="actions-file.html#TAG-PATTERN" >The Request Tag Pattern</A ></DT ><DT >8.4.4. <A HREF="actions-file.html#NEGATIVE-TAG-PATTERNS" >The Negative Request Tag Patterns</A ></DT ><DT >8.4.5. <A HREF="actions-file.html#CLIENT-TAG-PATTERN" >The Client Tag Pattern</A ></DT ></DL ></DD ><DT >8.5. <A HREF="actions-file.html#ACTIONS" >Actions</A ></DT ><DD ><DL ><DT >8.5.1. <A HREF="actions-file.html#ADD-HEADER" >add-header</A ></DT ><DT >8.5.2. <A HREF="actions-file.html#BLOCK" >block</A ></DT ><DT >8.5.3. <A HREF="actions-file.html#CHANGE-X-FORWARDED-FOR" >change-x-forwarded-for</A ></DT ><DT >8.5.4. <A HREF="actions-file.html#CLIENT-HEADER-FILTER" >client-header-filter</A ></DT ><DT >8.5.5. <A HREF="actions-file.html#CLIENT-BODY-FILTER" >client-body-filter</A ></DT ><DT >8.5.6. <A HREF="actions-file.html#CLIENT-HEADER-TAGGER" >client-header-tagger</A ></DT ><DT >8.5.7. <A HREF="actions-file.html#CONTENT-TYPE-OVERWRITE" >content-type-overwrite</A ></DT ><DT >8.5.8. <A HREF="actions-file.html#CRUNCH-CLIENT-HEADER" >crunch-client-header</A ></DT ><DT >8.5.9. <A HREF="actions-file.html#CRUNCH-IF-NONE-MATCH" >crunch-if-none-match</A ></DT ><DT >8.5.10. <A HREF="actions-file.html#CRUNCH-INCOMING-COOKIES" >crunch-incoming-cookies</A ></DT ><DT >8.5.11. <A HREF="actions-file.html#CRUNCH-SERVER-HEADER" >crunch-server-header</A ></DT ><DT >8.5.12. <A HREF="actions-file.html#CRUNCH-OUTGOING-COOKIES" >crunch-outgoing-cookies</A ></DT ><DT >8.5.13. <A HREF="actions-file.html#DEANIMATE-GIFS" >deanimate-gifs</A ></DT ><DT >8.5.14. <A HREF="actions-file.html#DELAY-RESPONSE" >delay-response</A ></DT ><DT >8.5.15. <A HREF="actions-file.html#DOWNGRADE-HTTP-VERSION" >downgrade-http-version</A ></DT ><DT >8.5.16. <A HREF="actions-file.html#EXTERNAL-FILTER" >external-filter</A ></DT ><DT >8.5.17. <A HREF="actions-file.html#FAST-REDIRECTS" >fast-redirects</A ></DT ><DT >8.5.18. <A HREF="actions-file.html#FILTER" >filter</A ></DT ><DT >8.5.19. <A HREF="actions-file.html#FORCE-TEXT-MODE" >force-text-mode</A ></DT ><DT >8.5.20. <A HREF="actions-file.html#FORWARD-OVERRIDE" >forward-override</A ></DT ><DT >8.5.21. <A HREF="actions-file.html#HANDLE-AS-EMPTY-DOCUMENT" >handle-as-empty-document</A ></DT ><DT >8.5.22. <A HREF="actions-file.html#HANDLE-AS-IMAGE" >handle-as-image</A ></DT ><DT >8.5.23. <A HREF="actions-file.html#HIDE-ACCEPT-LANGUAGE" >hide-accept-language</A ></DT ><DT >8.5.24. <A HREF="actions-file.html#HIDE-CONTENT-DISPOSITION" >hide-content-disposition</A ></DT ><DT >8.5.25. <A HREF="actions-file.html#HIDE-IF-MODIFIED-SINCE" >hide-if-modified-since</A ></DT ><DT >8.5.26. <A HREF="actions-file.html#HIDE-FROM-HEADER" >hide-from-header</A ></DT ><DT >8.5.27. <A HREF="actions-file.html#HIDE-REFERRER" >hide-referrer</A ></DT ><DT >8.5.28. <A HREF="actions-file.html#HIDE-USER-AGENT" >hide-user-agent</A ></DT ><DT >8.5.29. <A HREF="actions-file.html#HTTPS-INSPECTION" >https-inspection</A ></DT ><DT >8.5.30. <A HREF="actions-file.html#IGNORE-CERTIFICATE-ERRORS" >ignore-certificate-errors</A ></DT ><DT >8.5.31. <A HREF="actions-file.html#LIMIT-CONNECT" >limit-connect</A ></DT ><DT >8.5.32. <A HREF="actions-file.html#LIMIT-COOKIE-LIFETIME" >limit-cookie-lifetime</A ></DT ><DT >8.5.33. <A HREF="actions-file.html#PREVENT-COMPRESSION" >prevent-compression</A ></DT ><DT >8.5.34. <A HREF="actions-file.html#OVERWRITE-LAST-MODIFIED" >overwrite-last-modified</A ></DT ><DT >8.5.35. <A HREF="actions-file.html#REDIRECT" >redirect</A ></DT ><DT >8.5.36. <A HREF="actions-file.html#SERVER-HEADER-FILTER" >server-header-filter</A ></DT ><DT >8.5.37. <A HREF="actions-file.html#SERVER-HEADER-TAGGER" >server-header-tagger</A ></DT ><DT >8.5.38. <A HREF="actions-file.html#SUPPRESS-TAG" >suppress-tag</A ></DT ><DT >8.5.39. <A HREF="actions-file.html#SESSION-COOKIES-ONLY" >session-cookies-only</A ></DT ><DT >8.5.40. <A HREF="actions-file.html#SET-IMAGE-BLOCKER" >set-image-blocker</A ></DT ><DT >8.5.41. <A HREF="actions-file.html#SUMMARY" >Summary</A ></DT ></DL ></DD ><DT >8.6. <A HREF="actions-file.html#ALIASES" >Aliases</A ></DT ><DT >8.7. <A HREF="actions-file.html#ACT-EXAMPLES" >Actions Files Tutorial</A ></DT ><DD ><DL ><DT >8.7.1. <A HREF="actions-file.html#MATCH-ALL" >match-all.action</A ></DT ><DT >8.7.2. <A HREF="actions-file.html#DEFAULT-ACTION" >default.action</A ></DT ><DT >8.7.3. <A HREF="actions-file.html#USER-ACTION" >user.action</A ></DT ></DL ></DD ></DL ></DD ><DT >9. <A HREF="filter-file.html" >Filter Files</A ></DT ><DD ><DL ><DT >9.1. <A HREF="filter-file.html#FILTER-FILE-TUT" >Filter File Tutorial</A ></DT ><DT >9.2. <A HREF="filter-file.html#PREDEFINED-FILTERS" >The Pre-defined Filters</A ></DT ><DT >9.3. <A HREF="filter-file.html#EXTERNAL-FILTER-SYNTAX" >External filter syntax</A ></DT ></DL ></DD ><DT >10. <A HREF="templates.html" >Privoxy's Template Files</A ></DT ><DT >11. <A HREF="contact.html" >Contacting the Developers, Bug Reporting and Feature Requests</A ></DT ><DD ><DL ><DT >11.1. <A HREF="contact.html#SUFFICIENT-INFORMATION" >Please provide sufficient information</A ></DT ><DT >11.2. <A HREF="contact.html#CONTACT-SUPPORT" >Get Support</A ></DT ><DT >11.3. <A HREF="contact.html#REPORTING" >Reporting Problems</A ></DT ><DD ><DL ><DT >11.3.1. <A HREF="contact.html#CONTACT-ADS" >Reporting Ads or Other Configuration Problems</A ></DT ><DT >11.3.2. <A HREF="contact.html#CONTACT-BUGS" >Reporting Bugs</A ></DT ></DL ></DD ><DT >11.4. <A HREF="contact.html#SECURITY-CONTACT" >Reporting security problems</A ></DT ><DT >11.5. <A HREF="contact.html#MAILING-LISTS" >Mailing Lists</A ></DT ><DT >11.6. <A HREF="contact.html#SF-TRACKERS" >SourceForge support trackers</A ></DT ></DL ></DD ><DT >12. <A HREF="copyright.html" >Privoxy Copyright, License and History</A ></DT ><DD ><DL ><DT >12.1. <A HREF="copyright.html#LICENSE" >License</A ></DT ><DD ><DL ><DT >12.1.1. <A HREF="copyright.html#GPLV2" >GNU General Public License version 2</A ></DT ><DT >12.1.2. <A HREF="copyright.html#GPLV3" >GNU General Public License version 3</A ></DT ><DT >12.1.3. <A HREF="copyright.html#THIRD-PARTY-LICENSES" >Third-party licenses and copyrights</A ></DT ></DL ></DD ><DT >12.2. <A HREF="copyright.html#HISTORY" >History</A ></DT ><DT >12.3. <A HREF="copyright.html#AUTHORS" >Authors</A ></DT ></DL ></DD ><DT >13. <A HREF="seealso.html" >See Also</A ></DT ><DT >14. <A HREF="appendix.html" >Appendix</A ></DT ><DD ><DL ><DT >14.1. <A HREF="appendix.html#REGEX" >Regular Expressions</A ></DT ><DT >14.2. <A HREF="appendix.html#INTERNAL-PAGES" >Privoxy's Internal Pages</A ></DT ><DT >14.3. <A HREF="appendix.html#CHAIN" >Chain of Events</A ></DT ><DT >14.4. <A HREF="appendix.html#ACTIONSANAT" >Troubleshooting: Anatomy of an Action</A ></DT ></DL ></DD ></DL ></DIV ></DIV ><DIV CLASS="NAVFOOTER" ><HR ALIGN="LEFT" WIDTH="100%"><TABLE SUMMARY="Footer navigation table" WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ><TR ><TD WIDTH="33%" ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top" > </TD ><TD WIDTH="34%" ALIGN="center" VALIGN="top" > </TD ><TD WIDTH="33%" ALIGN="right" VALIGN="top" ><A HREF="introduction.html" ACCESSKEY="N" >Next</A ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD WIDTH="33%" ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top" > </TD ><TD WIDTH="34%" ALIGN="center" VALIGN="top" > </TD ><TD WIDTH="33%" ALIGN="right" VALIGN="top" >Introduction</TD ></TR ></TABLE ></DIV ></BODY ></HTML >