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<div class="section" id="string-bytes-objects">
<span id="stringobjects"></span><h1>String/Bytes Objects<a class="headerlink" href="#string-bytes-objects" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<p>These functions raise <a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#exceptions.TypeError" title="exceptions.TypeError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TypeError</span></code></a> when expecting a string parameter and are
called with a non-string parameter.</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
<p>These functions have been renamed to PyBytes_* in Python 3.x. Unless
otherwise noted, the PyBytes functions available in 3.x are aliased to their
PyString_* equivalents to help porting.</p>
</div>
<span class="target" id="index-0"></span><dl class="type">
<dt id="c.PyStringObject">
<code class="descname">PyStringObject</code><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyStringObject" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>This subtype of <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></code></a> represents a Python string object.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="var">
<dt id="c.PyString_Type">
<a class="reference internal" href="type.html#c.PyTypeObject" title="PyTypeObject">PyTypeObject</a> <code class="descname">PyString_Type</code><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyString_Type" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p id="index-1">This instance of <a class="reference internal" href="type.html#c.PyTypeObject" title="PyTypeObject"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyTypeObject</span></code></a> represents the Python string type; it is
the same object as <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">str</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">types.StringType</span></code> in the Python layer. .</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="c.PyString_Check">
int <code class="descname">PyString_Check</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *o</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyString_Check" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Return true if the object <em>o</em> is a string object or an instance of a subtype of
the string type.</p>
<div class="versionchanged">
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 2.2: </span>Allowed subtypes to be accepted.</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="c.PyString_CheckExact">
int <code class="descname">PyString_CheckExact</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *o</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyString_CheckExact" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Return true if the object <em>o</em> is a string object, but not an instance of a
subtype of the string type.</p>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified added">New in version 2.2.</span></p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="c.PyString_FromString">
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a>* <code class="descname">PyString_FromString</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span>const char<em> *v</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyString_FromString" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><em class="refcount">Return value: New reference.</em><p>Return a new string object with a copy of the string <em>v</em> as value on success,
and <em>NULL</em> on failure. The parameter <em>v</em> must not be <em>NULL</em>; it will not be
checked.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="c.PyString_FromStringAndSize">
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a>* <code class="descname">PyString_FromStringAndSize</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span>const char<em> *v</em>, Py_ssize_t<em> len</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyString_FromStringAndSize" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><em class="refcount">Return value: New reference.</em><p>Return a new string object with a copy of the string <em>v</em> as value and length
<em>len</em> on success, and <em>NULL</em> on failure. If <em>v</em> is <em>NULL</em>, the contents of the
string are uninitialized.</p>
<div class="versionchanged">
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 2.5: </span>This function used an <code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">int</span></code> type for <em>len</em>. This might require
changes in your code for properly supporting 64-bit systems.</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="c.PyString_FromFormat">
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a>* <code class="descname">PyString_FromFormat</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span>const char<em> *format</em>, ...<span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyString_FromFormat" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><em class="refcount">Return value: New reference.</em><p>Take a C <code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">printf()</span></code>-style <em>format</em> string and a variable number of
arguments, calculate the size of the resulting Python string and return a string
with the values formatted into it. The variable arguments must be C types and
must correspond exactly to the format characters in the <em>format</em> string. The
following format characters are allowed:</p>
<table class="docutils align-center">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 29%" />
<col style="width: 23%" />
<col style="width: 48%" />
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr class="row-odd"><th class="head"><p>Format Characters</p></th>
<th class="head"><p>Type</p></th>
<th class="head"><p>Comment</p></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%%</span></code></p></td>
<td><p><em>n/a</em></p></td>
<td><p>The literal % character.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%c</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>int</p></td>
<td><p>A single character,
represented as a C int.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%d</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>int</p></td>
<td><p>Exactly equivalent to
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">printf("%d")</span></code>.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%u</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>unsigned int</p></td>
<td><p>Exactly equivalent to
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">printf("%u")</span></code>.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%ld</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>long</p></td>
<td><p>Exactly equivalent to
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">printf("%ld")</span></code>.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%lu</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>unsigned long</p></td>
<td><p>Exactly equivalent to
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">printf("%lu")</span></code>.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%lld</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>long long</p></td>
<td><p>Exactly equivalent to
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">printf("%lld")</span></code>.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%llu</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>unsigned
long long</p></td>
<td><p>Exactly equivalent to
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">printf("%llu")</span></code>.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%zd</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>Py_ssize_t</p></td>
<td><p>Exactly equivalent to
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">printf("%zd")</span></code>.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%zu</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>size_t</p></td>
<td><p>Exactly equivalent to
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">printf("%zu")</span></code>.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%i</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>int</p></td>
<td><p>Exactly equivalent to
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">printf("%i")</span></code>.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%x</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>int</p></td>
<td><p>Exactly equivalent to
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">printf("%x")</span></code>.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%s</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>char*</p></td>
<td><p>A null-terminated C character
array.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%p</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>void*</p></td>
<td><p>The hex representation of a C
pointer. Mostly equivalent to
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">printf("%p")</span></code> except that
it is guaranteed to start with
the literal <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0x</span></code> regardless
of what the platform’s
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">printf</span></code> yields.</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>An unrecognized format character causes all the rest of the format string to be
copied as-is to the result string, and any extra arguments discarded.</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
<p>The <cite>“%lld”</cite> and <cite>“%llu”</cite> format specifiers are only available
when <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">HAVE_LONG_LONG</span></code> is defined.</p>
</div>
<div class="versionchanged">
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 2.7: </span>Support for <cite>“%lld”</cite> and <cite>“%llu”</cite> added.</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="c.PyString_FromFormatV">
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a>* <code class="descname">PyString_FromFormatV</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span>const char<em> *format</em>, va_list<em> vargs</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyString_FromFormatV" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><em class="refcount">Return value: New reference.</em><p>Identical to <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyString_FromFormat" title="PyString_FromFormat"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyString_FromFormat()</span></code></a> except that it takes exactly two
arguments.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="c.PyString_Size">
Py_ssize_t <code class="descname">PyString_Size</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *string</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyString_Size" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Return the length of the string in string object <em>string</em>.</p>
<div class="versionchanged">
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 2.5: </span>This function returned an <code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">int</span></code> type. This might require changes
in your code for properly supporting 64-bit systems.</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="c.PyString_GET_SIZE">
Py_ssize_t <code class="descname">PyString_GET_SIZE</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *string</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyString_GET_SIZE" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Macro form of <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyString_Size" title="PyString_Size"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyString_Size()</span></code></a> but without error checking.</p>
<div class="versionchanged">
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 2.5: </span>This macro returned an <code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">int</span></code> type. This might require changes in
your code for properly supporting 64-bit systems.</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="c.PyString_AsString">
char* <code class="descname">PyString_AsString</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *string</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyString_AsString" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Return a NUL-terminated representation of the contents of <em>string</em>. The pointer
refers to the internal buffer of <em>string</em>, not a copy. The data must not be
modified in any way, unless the string was just created using
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyString_FromStringAndSize(NULL,</span> <span class="pre">size)</span></code>. It must not be deallocated. If
<em>string</em> is a Unicode object, this function computes the default encoding of
<em>string</em> and operates on that. If <em>string</em> is not a string object at all,
<a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyString_AsString" title="PyString_AsString"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyString_AsString()</span></code></a> returns <em>NULL</em> and raises <a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#exceptions.TypeError" title="exceptions.TypeError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TypeError</span></code></a>.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="c.PyString_AS_STRING">
char* <code class="descname">PyString_AS_STRING</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *string</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyString_AS_STRING" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Macro form of <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyString_AsString" title="PyString_AsString"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyString_AsString()</span></code></a> but without error checking. Only
string objects are supported; no Unicode objects should be passed.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="c.PyString_AsStringAndSize">
int <code class="descname">PyString_AsStringAndSize</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *obj</em>, char<em> **buffer</em>, Py_ssize_t<em> *length</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyString_AsStringAndSize" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Return a NUL-terminated representation of the contents of the object <em>obj</em>
through the output variables <em>buffer</em> and <em>length</em>.</p>
<p>The function accepts both string and Unicode objects as input. For Unicode
objects it returns the default encoded version of the object. If <em>length</em> is
<em>NULL</em>, the resulting buffer may not contain NUL characters; if it does, the
function returns <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-1</span></code> and a <a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#exceptions.TypeError" title="exceptions.TypeError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TypeError</span></code></a> is raised.</p>
<p>The buffer refers to an internal string buffer of <em>obj</em>, not a copy. The data
must not be modified in any way, unless the string was just created using
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyString_FromStringAndSize(NULL,</span> <span class="pre">size)</span></code>. It must not be deallocated. If
<em>string</em> is a Unicode object, this function computes the default encoding of
<em>string</em> and operates on that. If <em>string</em> is not a string object at all,
<a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyString_AsStringAndSize" title="PyString_AsStringAndSize"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyString_AsStringAndSize()</span></code></a> returns <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-1</span></code> and raises <a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#exceptions.TypeError" title="exceptions.TypeError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TypeError</span></code></a>.</p>
<div class="versionchanged">
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 2.5: </span>This function used an <code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">int</span> <span class="pre">*</span></code> type for <em>length</em>. This might
require changes in your code for properly supporting 64-bit systems.</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="c.PyString_Concat">
void <code class="descname">PyString_Concat</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> **string</em>, <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *newpart</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyString_Concat" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Create a new string object in <em>*string</em> containing the contents of <em>newpart</em>
appended to <em>string</em>; the caller will own the new reference. The reference to
the old value of <em>string</em> will be stolen. If the new string cannot be created,
the old reference to <em>string</em> will still be discarded and the value of
<em>*string</em> will be set to <em>NULL</em>; the appropriate exception will be set.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="c.PyString_ConcatAndDel">
void <code class="descname">PyString_ConcatAndDel</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> **string</em>, <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *newpart</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyString_ConcatAndDel" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Create a new string object in <em>*string</em> containing the contents of <em>newpart</em>
appended to <em>string</em>. This version decrements the reference count of <em>newpart</em>.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="c._PyString_Resize">
int <code class="descname">_PyString_Resize</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> **string</em>, Py_ssize_t<em> newsize</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c._PyString_Resize" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>A way to resize a string object even though it is “immutable”. Only use this to
build up a brand new string object; don’t use this if the string may already be
known in other parts of the code. It is an error to call this function if the
refcount on the input string object is not one. Pass the address of an existing
string object as an lvalue (it may be written into), and the new size desired.
On success, <em>*string</em> holds the resized string object and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span></code> is returned;
the address in <em>*string</em> may differ from its input value. If the reallocation
fails, the original string object at <em>*string</em> is deallocated, <em>*string</em> is
set to <em>NULL</em>, a memory exception is set, and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-1</span></code> is returned.</p>
<div class="versionchanged">
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 2.5: </span>This function used an <code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">int</span></code> type for <em>newsize</em>. This might
require changes in your code for properly supporting 64-bit systems.</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="c.PyString_Format">
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a>* <code class="descname">PyString_Format</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *format</em>, <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *args</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyString_Format" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><em class="refcount">Return value: New reference.</em><p>Return a new string object from <em>format</em> and <em>args</em>. Analogous to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">format</span> <span class="pre">%</span>
<span class="pre">args</span></code>. The <em>args</em> argument must be a tuple or dict.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="c.PyString_InternInPlace">
void <code class="descname">PyString_InternInPlace</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> **string</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyString_InternInPlace" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Intern the argument <em>*string</em> in place. The argument must be the address of a
pointer variable pointing to a Python string object. If there is an existing
interned string that is the same as <em>*string</em>, it sets <em>*string</em> to it
(decrementing the reference count of the old string object and incrementing the
reference count of the interned string object), otherwise it leaves <em>*string</em>
alone and interns it (incrementing its reference count). (Clarification: even
though there is a lot of talk about reference counts, think of this function as
reference-count-neutral; you own the object after the call if and only if you
owned it before the call.)</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
<p>This function is not available in 3.x and does not have a PyBytes alias.</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="c.PyString_InternFromString">
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a>* <code class="descname">PyString_InternFromString</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span>const char<em> *v</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyString_InternFromString" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><em class="refcount">Return value: New reference.</em><p>A combination of <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyString_FromString" title="PyString_FromString"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyString_FromString()</span></code></a> and
<a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyString_InternInPlace" title="PyString_InternInPlace"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyString_InternInPlace()</span></code></a>, returning either a new string object that has
been interned, or a new (“owned”) reference to an earlier interned string object
with the same value.</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
<p>This function is not available in 3.x and does not have a PyBytes alias.</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="c.PyString_Decode">
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a>* <code class="descname">PyString_Decode</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span>const char<em> *s</em>, Py_ssize_t<em> size</em>, const char<em> *encoding</em>, const char<em> *errors</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyString_Decode" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><em class="refcount">Return value: New reference.</em><p>Create an object by decoding <em>size</em> bytes of the encoded buffer <em>s</em> using the
codec registered for <em>encoding</em>. <em>encoding</em> and <em>errors</em> have the same meaning
as the parameters of the same name in the <a class="reference internal" href="../library/functions.html#unicode" title="unicode"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">unicode()</span></code></a> built-in function.
The codec to be used is looked up using the Python codec registry. Return
<em>NULL</em> if an exception was raised by the codec.</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
<p>This function is not available in 3.x and does not have a PyBytes alias.</p>
</div>
<div class="versionchanged">
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 2.5: </span>This function used an <code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">int</span></code> type for <em>size</em>. This might require
changes in your code for properly supporting 64-bit systems.</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="c.PyString_AsDecodedObject">
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a>* <code class="descname">PyString_AsDecodedObject</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *str</em>, const char<em> *encoding</em>, const char<em> *errors</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyString_AsDecodedObject" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><em class="refcount">Return value: New reference.</em><p>Decode a string object by passing it to the codec registered for <em>encoding</em> and
return the result as Python object. <em>encoding</em> and <em>errors</em> have the same
meaning as the parameters of the same name in the string <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">encode()</span></code> method.
The codec to be used is looked up using the Python codec registry. Return <em>NULL</em>
if an exception was raised by the codec.</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
<p>This function is not available in 3.x and does not have a PyBytes alias.</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="c.PyString_Encode">
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a>* <code class="descname">PyString_Encode</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span>const char<em> *s</em>, Py_ssize_t<em> size</em>, const char<em> *encoding</em>, const char<em> *errors</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyString_Encode" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><em class="refcount">Return value: New reference.</em><p>Encode the <code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">char</span></code> buffer of the given size by passing it to the codec
registered for <em>encoding</em> and return a Python object. <em>encoding</em> and <em>errors</em>
have the same meaning as the parameters of the same name in the string
<code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">encode()</span></code> method. The codec to be used is looked up using the Python codec
registry. Return <em>NULL</em> if an exception was raised by the codec.</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
<p>This function is not available in 3.x and does not have a PyBytes alias.</p>
</div>
<div class="versionchanged">
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 2.5: </span>This function used an <code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">int</span></code> type for <em>size</em>. This might require
changes in your code for properly supporting 64-bit systems.</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="c.PyString_AsEncodedObject">
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a>* <code class="descname">PyString_AsEncodedObject</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *str</em>, const char<em> *encoding</em>, const char<em> *errors</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyString_AsEncodedObject" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><em class="refcount">Return value: New reference.</em><p>Encode a string object using the codec registered for <em>encoding</em> and return the
result as Python object. <em>encoding</em> and <em>errors</em> have the same meaning as the
parameters of the same name in the string <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">encode()</span></code> method. The codec to be
used is looked up using the Python codec registry. Return <em>NULL</em> if an exception
was raised by the codec.</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
<p>This function is not available in 3.x and does not have a PyBytes alias.</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
</div>
</div>
</div>
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