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<div class="section" id="module-crypt">
<span id="crypt-function-to-check-unix-passwords"></span><h1>36.5. <a class="reference internal" href="#module-crypt" title="crypt: The crypt() function used to check Unix passwords. (Unix)"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">crypt</span></code></a> — Function to check Unix passwords<a class="headerlink" href="#module-crypt" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<p id="index-0">This module implements an interface to the <em class="manpage">crypt(3)</em> routine, which is
a one-way hash function based upon a modified DES algorithm; see the Unix man
page for further details. Possible uses include allowing Python scripts to
accept typed passwords from the user, or attempting to crack Unix passwords with
a dictionary.</p>
<p id="index-1">Notice that the behavior of this module depends on the actual implementation of
the <em class="manpage">crypt(3)</em> routine in the running system. Therefore, any
extensions available on the current implementation will also be available on
this module.</p>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="crypt.crypt">
<code class="descclassname">crypt.</code><code class="descname">crypt</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>word</em>, <em>salt</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#crypt.crypt" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p><em>word</em> will usually be a user’s password as typed at a prompt or in a graphical
interface. <em>salt</em> is usually a random two-character string which will be used
to perturb the DES algorithm in one of 4096 ways. The characters in <em>salt</em> must
be in the set <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">[./a-zA-Z0-9]</span></code>. Returns the hashed password as a string, which
will be composed of characters from the same alphabet as the salt (the first two
characters represent the salt itself).</p>
<p id="index-2">Since a few <em class="manpage">crypt(3)</em> extensions allow different values, with
different sizes in the <em>salt</em>, it is recommended to use the full crypted
password as salt when checking for a password.</p>
</dd></dl>
<p>A simple example illustrating typical use:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">crypt</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nn">getpass</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nn">pwd</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">login</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="n">username</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">raw_input</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'Python login:'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">cryptedpasswd</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">pwd</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">getpwnam</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">username</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">cryptedpasswd</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">cryptedpasswd</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s1">'x'</span> <span class="ow">or</span> <span class="n">cryptedpasswd</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s1">'*'</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">raise</span> <span class="ne">NotImplementedError</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="s2">"Sorry, currently no support for shadow passwords"</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">cleartext</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">getpass</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">getpass</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">crypt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">crypt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cleartext</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">cryptedpasswd</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">cryptedpasswd</span>
<span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
</pre></div>
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