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<div class="section" id="module-curses.ascii">
<span id="curses-ascii-utilities-for-ascii-characters"></span><h1>15.13. <a class="reference internal" href="#module-curses.ascii" title="curses.ascii: Constants and set-membership functions for ASCII characters."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">curses.ascii</span></code></a> — Utilities for ASCII characters<a class="headerlink" href="#module-curses.ascii" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified added">New in version 1.6.</span></p>
</div>
<p>The <a class="reference internal" href="#module-curses.ascii" title="curses.ascii: Constants and set-membership functions for ASCII characters."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">curses.ascii</span></code></a> module supplies name constants for ASCII characters and
functions to test membership in various ASCII character classes. The constants
supplied are names for control characters as follows:</p>
<table class="docutils align-center">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 23%" />
<col style="width: 77%" />
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr class="row-odd"><th class="head"><p>Name</p></th>
<th class="head"><p>Meaning</p></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NUL</span></code></p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SOH</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>Start of heading, console interrupt</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">STX</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>Start of text</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ETX</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>End of text</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">EOT</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>End of transmission</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ENQ</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>Enquiry, goes with <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ACK</span></code> flow control</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ACK</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>Acknowledgement</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">BEL</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>Bell</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">BS</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>Backspace</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TAB</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>Tab</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">HT</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>Alias for <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TAB</span></code>: “Horizontal tab”</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">LF</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>Line feed</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NL</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>Alias for <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">LF</span></code>: “New line”</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">VT</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>Vertical tab</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">FF</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>Form feed</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">CR</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>Carriage return</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SO</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>Shift-out, begin alternate character set</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SI</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>Shift-in, resume default character set</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DLE</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>Data-link escape</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DC1</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>XON, for flow control</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DC2</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>Device control 2, block-mode flow control</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DC3</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>XOFF, for flow control</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DC4</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>Device control 4</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NAK</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>Negative acknowledgement</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SYN</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>Synchronous idle</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ETB</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>End transmission block</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">CAN</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>Cancel</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">EM</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>End of medium</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SUB</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>Substitute</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ESC</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>Escape</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">FS</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>File separator</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GS</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>Group separator</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">RS</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>Record separator, block-mode terminator</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">US</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>Unit separator</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SP</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>Space</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DEL</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>Delete</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Note that many of these have little practical significance in modern usage. The
mnemonics derive from teleprinter conventions that predate digital computers.</p>
<p>The module supplies the following functions, patterned on those in the standard
C library:</p>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="curses.ascii.isalnum">
<code class="descclassname">curses.ascii.</code><code class="descname">isalnum</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>c</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.ascii.isalnum" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Checks for an ASCII alphanumeric character; it is equivalent to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">isalpha(c)</span> <span class="pre">or</span>
<span class="pre">isdigit(c)</span></code>.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="curses.ascii.isalpha">
<code class="descclassname">curses.ascii.</code><code class="descname">isalpha</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>c</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.ascii.isalpha" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Checks for an ASCII alphabetic character; it is equivalent to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">isupper(c)</span> <span class="pre">or</span>
<span class="pre">islower(c)</span></code>.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="curses.ascii.isascii">
<code class="descclassname">curses.ascii.</code><code class="descname">isascii</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>c</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.ascii.isascii" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Checks for a character value that fits in the 7-bit ASCII set.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="curses.ascii.isblank">
<code class="descclassname">curses.ascii.</code><code class="descname">isblank</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>c</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.ascii.isblank" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Checks for an ASCII whitespace character; space or horizontal tab.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="curses.ascii.iscntrl">
<code class="descclassname">curses.ascii.</code><code class="descname">iscntrl</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>c</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.ascii.iscntrl" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Checks for an ASCII control character (in the range 0x00 to 0x1f or 0x7f).</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="curses.ascii.isdigit">
<code class="descclassname">curses.ascii.</code><code class="descname">isdigit</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>c</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.ascii.isdigit" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Checks for an ASCII decimal digit, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'0'</span></code> through <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'9'</span></code>. This is equivalent
to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">c</span> <span class="pre">in</span> <span class="pre">string.digits</span></code>.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="curses.ascii.isgraph">
<code class="descclassname">curses.ascii.</code><code class="descname">isgraph</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>c</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.ascii.isgraph" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Checks for ASCII any printable character except space.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="curses.ascii.islower">
<code class="descclassname">curses.ascii.</code><code class="descname">islower</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>c</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.ascii.islower" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Checks for an ASCII lower-case character.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="curses.ascii.isprint">
<code class="descclassname">curses.ascii.</code><code class="descname">isprint</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>c</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.ascii.isprint" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Checks for any ASCII printable character including space.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="curses.ascii.ispunct">
<code class="descclassname">curses.ascii.</code><code class="descname">ispunct</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>c</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.ascii.ispunct" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Checks for any printable ASCII character which is not a space or an alphanumeric
character.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="curses.ascii.isspace">
<code class="descclassname">curses.ascii.</code><code class="descname">isspace</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>c</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.ascii.isspace" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Checks for ASCII white-space characters; space, line feed, carriage return, form
feed, horizontal tab, vertical tab.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="curses.ascii.isupper">
<code class="descclassname">curses.ascii.</code><code class="descname">isupper</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>c</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.ascii.isupper" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Checks for an ASCII uppercase letter.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="curses.ascii.isxdigit">
<code class="descclassname">curses.ascii.</code><code class="descname">isxdigit</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>c</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.ascii.isxdigit" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Checks for an ASCII hexadecimal digit. This is equivalent to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">c</span> <span class="pre">in</span>
<span class="pre">string.hexdigits</span></code>.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="curses.ascii.isctrl">
<code class="descclassname">curses.ascii.</code><code class="descname">isctrl</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>c</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.ascii.isctrl" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Checks for an ASCII control character (ordinal values 0 to 31).</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="curses.ascii.ismeta">
<code class="descclassname">curses.ascii.</code><code class="descname">ismeta</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>c</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.ascii.ismeta" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Checks for a non-ASCII character (ordinal values 0x80 and above).</p>
</dd></dl>
<p>These functions accept either integers or strings; when the argument is a
string, it is first converted using the built-in function <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#ord" title="ord"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ord()</span></code></a>.</p>
<p>Note that all these functions check ordinal bit values derived from the first
character of the string you pass in; they do not actually know anything about
the host machine’s character encoding. For functions that know about the
character encoding (and handle internationalization properly) see the
<a class="reference internal" href="string.html#module-string" title="string: Common string operations."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">string</span></code></a> module.</p>
<p>The following two functions take either a single-character string or integer
byte value; they return a value of the same type.</p>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="curses.ascii.ascii">
<code class="descclassname">curses.ascii.</code><code class="descname">ascii</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>c</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.ascii.ascii" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Return the ASCII value corresponding to the low 7 bits of <em>c</em>.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="curses.ascii.ctrl">
<code class="descclassname">curses.ascii.</code><code class="descname">ctrl</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>c</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.ascii.ctrl" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Return the control character corresponding to the given character (the character
bit value is bitwise-anded with 0x1f).</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="curses.ascii.alt">
<code class="descclassname">curses.ascii.</code><code class="descname">alt</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>c</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.ascii.alt" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Return the 8-bit character corresponding to the given ASCII character (the
character bit value is bitwise-ored with 0x80).</p>
</dd></dl>
<p>The following function takes either a single-character string or integer value;
it returns a string.</p>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="curses.ascii.unctrl">
<code class="descclassname">curses.ascii.</code><code class="descname">unctrl</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>c</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.ascii.unctrl" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Return a string representation of the ASCII character <em>c</em>. If <em>c</em> is printable,
this string is the character itself. If the character is a control character
(0x00–0x1f) the string consists of a caret (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'^'</span></code>) followed by the
corresponding uppercase letter. If the character is an ASCII delete (0x7f) the
string is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'^?'</span></code>. If the character has its meta bit (0x80) set, the meta bit
is stripped, the preceding rules applied, and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'!'</span></code> prepended to the result.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="data">
<dt id="curses.ascii.controlnames">
<code class="descclassname">curses.ascii.</code><code class="descname">controlnames</code><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.ascii.controlnames" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>A 33-element string array that contains the ASCII mnemonics for the thirty-two
ASCII control characters from 0 (NUL) to 0x1f (US), in order, plus the mnemonic
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SP</span></code> for the space character.</p>
</dd></dl>
</div>
</div>
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