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<span id="markup"></span><h1>19. Structured Markup Processing Tools<a class="headerlink" href="#structured-markup-processing-tools" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<p>Python supports a variety of modules to work with various forms of structured
data markup. This includes modules to work with the Standard Generalized Markup
Language (SGML) and the Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), and several interfaces
for working with the Extensible Markup Language (XML).</p>
<p>It is important to note that modules in the <a class="reference internal" href="xml.html#module-xml" title="xml: Package containing XML processing modules"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml</span></code></a> package require that
there be at least one SAX-compliant XML parser available. Starting with Python
2.3, the Expat parser is included with Python, so the <a class="reference internal" href="pyexpat.html#module-xml.parsers.expat" title="xml.parsers.expat: An interface to the Expat non-validating XML parser."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.parsers.expat</span></code></a>
module will always be available. You may still want to be aware of the <a class="reference external" href="http://pyxml.sourceforge.net/">PyXML
add-on package</a>; that package provides an
extended set of XML libraries for Python.</p>
<p>The documentation for the <a class="reference internal" href="xml.dom.html#module-xml.dom" title="xml.dom: Document Object Model API for Python."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.dom</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="xml.sax.html#module-xml.sax" title="xml.sax: Package containing SAX2 base classes and convenience functions."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.sax</span></code></a> packages are the
definition of the Python bindings for the DOM and SAX interfaces.</p>
<div class="toctree-wrapper compound">
<ul>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="htmlparser.html">19.1. <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">HTMLParser</span></code> — Simple HTML and XHTML parser</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="htmlparser.html#example-html-parser-application">19.1.1. Example HTML Parser Application</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="htmlparser.html#htmlparser-methods">19.1.2. <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">HTMLParser</span></code> Methods</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="htmlparser.html#examples">19.1.3. Examples</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="sgmllib.html">19.2. <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sgmllib</span></code> — Simple SGML parser</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="htmllib.html">19.3. <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">htmllib</span></code> — A parser for HTML documents</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="htmllib.html#htmlparser-objects">19.3.1. HTMLParser Objects</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="htmllib.html#module-htmlentitydefs">19.4. <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">htmlentitydefs</span></code> — Definitions of HTML general entities</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="xml.html">19.5. XML Processing Modules</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="xml.html#xml-vulnerabilities">19.6. XML vulnerabilities</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="xml.html#defused-packages">19.6.1. defused packages</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="xml.etree.elementtree.html">19.7. <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.etree.ElementTree</span></code> — The ElementTree XML API</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="xml.etree.elementtree.html#tutorial">19.7.1. Tutorial</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="xml.etree.elementtree.html#xml-tree-and-elements">19.7.1.1. XML tree and elements</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="xml.etree.elementtree.html#parsing-xml">19.7.1.2. Parsing XML</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="xml.etree.elementtree.html#finding-interesting-elements">19.7.1.3. Finding interesting elements</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="xml.etree.elementtree.html#modifying-an-xml-file">19.7.1.4. Modifying an XML File</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="xml.etree.elementtree.html#building-xml-documents">19.7.1.5. Building XML documents</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="xml.etree.elementtree.html#parsing-xml-with-namespaces">19.7.1.6. Parsing XML with Namespaces</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="xml.etree.elementtree.html#additional-resources">19.7.1.7. Additional resources</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="xml.etree.elementtree.html#xpath-support">19.7.2. XPath support</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="xml.etree.elementtree.html#example">19.7.2.1. Example</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="xml.etree.elementtree.html#supported-xpath-syntax">19.7.2.2. Supported XPath syntax</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="xml.etree.elementtree.html#reference">19.7.3. Reference</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="xml.etree.elementtree.html#functions">19.7.3.1. Functions</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="xml.etree.elementtree.html#element-objects">19.7.3.2. Element Objects</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="xml.etree.elementtree.html#elementtree-objects">19.7.3.3. ElementTree Objects</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="xml.etree.elementtree.html#qname-objects">19.7.3.4. QName Objects</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="xml.etree.elementtree.html#treebuilder-objects">19.7.3.5. TreeBuilder Objects</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="xml.etree.elementtree.html#xmlparser-objects">19.7.3.6. XMLParser Objects</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="xml.dom.html">19.8. <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.dom</span></code> — The Document Object Model API</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="xml.dom.html#module-contents">19.8.1. Module Contents</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="xml.dom.html#objects-in-the-dom">19.8.2. Objects in the DOM</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="xml.dom.html#domimplementation-objects">19.8.2.1. DOMImplementation Objects</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="xml.dom.html#node-objects">19.8.2.2. Node Objects</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="xml.dom.html#nodelist-objects">19.8.2.3. NodeList Objects</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="xml.dom.html#documenttype-objects">19.8.2.4. DocumentType Objects</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="xml.dom.html#document-objects">19.8.2.5. Document Objects</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="xml.dom.html#element-objects">19.8.2.6. Element Objects</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="xml.dom.html#attr-objects">19.8.2.7. Attr Objects</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="xml.dom.html#namednodemap-objects">19.8.2.8. NamedNodeMap Objects</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="xml.dom.html#comment-objects">19.8.2.9. Comment Objects</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="xml.dom.html#text-and-cdatasection-objects">19.8.2.10. Text and CDATASection Objects</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="xml.dom.html#processinginstruction-objects">19.8.2.11. ProcessingInstruction Objects</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="xml.dom.html#exceptions">19.8.2.12. Exceptions</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="xml.dom.html#conformance">19.8.3. Conformance</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="xml.dom.html#type-mapping">19.8.3.1. Type Mapping</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="xml.dom.html#accessor-methods">19.8.3.2. Accessor Methods</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="xml.dom.minidom.html">19.9. <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.dom.minidom</span></code> — Minimal DOM implementation</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="xml.dom.minidom.html#dom-objects">19.9.1. DOM Objects</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="xml.dom.minidom.html#dom-example">19.9.2. DOM Example</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="xml.dom.minidom.html#minidom-and-the-dom-standard">19.9.3. minidom and the DOM standard</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="xml.dom.pulldom.html">19.10. <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.dom.pulldom</span></code> — Support for building partial DOM trees</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="xml.dom.pulldom.html#domeventstream-objects">19.10.1. DOMEventStream Objects</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="xml.sax.html">19.11. <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.sax</span></code> — Support for SAX2 parsers</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="xml.sax.html#saxexception-objects">19.11.1. SAXException Objects</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="xml.sax.handler.html">19.12. <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.sax.handler</span></code> — Base classes for SAX handlers</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="xml.sax.handler.html#contenthandler-objects">19.12.1. ContentHandler Objects</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="xml.sax.handler.html#dtdhandler-objects">19.12.2. DTDHandler Objects</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="xml.sax.handler.html#entityresolver-objects">19.12.3. EntityResolver Objects</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="xml.sax.handler.html#errorhandler-objects">19.12.4. ErrorHandler Objects</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="xml.sax.utils.html">19.13. <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.sax.saxutils</span></code> — SAX Utilities</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="xml.sax.reader.html">19.14. <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.sax.xmlreader</span></code> — Interface for XML parsers</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="xml.sax.reader.html#xmlreader-objects">19.14.1. XMLReader Objects</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="xml.sax.reader.html#incrementalparser-objects">19.14.2. IncrementalParser Objects</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="xml.sax.reader.html#locator-objects">19.14.3. Locator Objects</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="xml.sax.reader.html#inputsource-objects">19.14.4. InputSource Objects</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="xml.sax.reader.html#the-attributes-interface">19.14.5. The <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Attributes</span></code> Interface</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="xml.sax.reader.html#the-attributesns-interface">19.14.6. The <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">AttributesNS</span></code> Interface</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="pyexpat.html">19.15. <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.parsers.expat</span></code> — Fast XML parsing using Expat</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pyexpat.html#xmlparser-objects">19.15.1. XMLParser Objects</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pyexpat.html#expaterror-exceptions">19.15.2. ExpatError Exceptions</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pyexpat.html#example">19.15.3. Example</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pyexpat.html#content-model-descriptions">19.15.4. Content Model Descriptions</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pyexpat.html#expat-error-constants">19.15.5. Expat error constants</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
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