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<div class="section" id="module-syslog">
<span id="syslog-unix-syslog-library-routines"></span><h1>36.15. <a class="reference internal" href="#module-syslog" title="syslog: An interface to the Unix syslog library routines. (Unix)"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">syslog</span></code></a> — Unix syslog library routines<a class="headerlink" href="#module-syslog" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<p>This module provides an interface to the Unix <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">syslog</span></code> library routines.
Refer to the Unix manual pages for a detailed description of the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">syslog</span></code>
facility.</p>
<p>This module wraps the system <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">syslog</span></code> family of routines. A pure Python
library that can speak to a syslog server is available in the
<a class="reference internal" href="logging.handlers.html#module-logging.handlers" title="logging.handlers: Handlers for the logging module."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">logging.handlers</span></code></a> module as <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SysLogHandler</span></code>.</p>
<p>The module defines the following functions:</p>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="syslog.syslog">
<code class="descclassname">syslog.</code><code class="descname">syslog</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>message</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#syslog.syslog" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dt>
<code class="descclassname">syslog.</code><code class="descname">syslog</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>priority</em>, <em>message</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span></dt>
<dd><p>Send the string <em>message</em> to the system logger. A trailing newline is added
if necessary. Each message is tagged with a priority composed of a
<em>facility</em> and a <em>level</em>. The optional <em>priority</em> argument, which defaults
to <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">LOG_INFO</span></code>, determines the message priority. If the facility is
not encoded in <em>priority</em> using logical-or (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">LOG_INFO</span> <span class="pre">|</span> <span class="pre">LOG_USER</span></code>), the
value given in the <a class="reference internal" href="#syslog.openlog" title="syslog.openlog"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">openlog()</span></code></a> call is used.</p>
<p>If <a class="reference internal" href="#syslog.openlog" title="syslog.openlog"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">openlog()</span></code></a> has not been called prior to the call to <a class="reference internal" href="#module-syslog" title="syslog: An interface to the Unix syslog library routines. (Unix)"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">syslog()</span></code></a>,
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">openlog()</span></code> will be called with no arguments.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="syslog.openlog">
<code class="descclassname">syslog.</code><code class="descname">openlog</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>ident</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>logoption</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>facility</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#syslog.openlog" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Logging options of subsequent <a class="reference internal" href="#module-syslog" title="syslog: An interface to the Unix syslog library routines. (Unix)"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">syslog()</span></code></a> calls can be set by calling
<a class="reference internal" href="#syslog.openlog" title="syslog.openlog"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">openlog()</span></code></a>. <a class="reference internal" href="#module-syslog" title="syslog: An interface to the Unix syslog library routines. (Unix)"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">syslog()</span></code></a> will call <a class="reference internal" href="#syslog.openlog" title="syslog.openlog"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">openlog()</span></code></a> with no arguments
if the log is not currently open.</p>
<p>The optional <em>ident</em> keyword argument is a string which is prepended to every
message, and defaults to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.argv[0]</span></code> with leading path components
stripped. The optional <em>logoption</em> keyword argument (default is 0) is a bit
field – see below for possible values to combine. The optional <em>facility</em>
keyword argument (default is <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">LOG_USER</span></code>) sets the default facility for
messages which do not have a facility explicitly encoded.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="syslog.closelog">
<code class="descclassname">syslog.</code><code class="descname">closelog</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#syslog.closelog" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Reset the syslog module values and call the system library <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">closelog()</span></code>.</p>
<p>This causes the module to behave as it does when initially imported. For
example, <a class="reference internal" href="#syslog.openlog" title="syslog.openlog"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">openlog()</span></code></a> will be called on the first <a class="reference internal" href="#module-syslog" title="syslog: An interface to the Unix syslog library routines. (Unix)"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">syslog()</span></code></a> call (if
<a class="reference internal" href="#syslog.openlog" title="syslog.openlog"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">openlog()</span></code></a> hasn’t already been called), and <em>ident</em> and other
<a class="reference internal" href="#syslog.openlog" title="syslog.openlog"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">openlog()</span></code></a> parameters are reset to defaults.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="syslog.setlogmask">
<code class="descclassname">syslog.</code><code class="descname">setlogmask</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>maskpri</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#syslog.setlogmask" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Set the priority mask to <em>maskpri</em> and return the previous mask value. Calls
to <a class="reference internal" href="#module-syslog" title="syslog: An interface to the Unix syslog library routines. (Unix)"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">syslog()</span></code></a> with a priority level not set in <em>maskpri</em> are ignored.
The default is to log all priorities. The function <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">LOG_MASK(pri)</span></code>
calculates the mask for the individual priority <em>pri</em>. The function
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">LOG_UPTO(pri)</span></code> calculates the mask for all priorities up to and including
<em>pri</em>.</p>
</dd></dl>
<p>The module defines the following constants:</p>
<dl class="simple">
<dt>Priority levels (high to low):</dt><dd><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">LOG_EMERG</span></code>, <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">LOG_ALERT</span></code>, <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">LOG_CRIT</span></code>, <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">LOG_ERR</span></code>,
<code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">LOG_WARNING</span></code>, <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">LOG_NOTICE</span></code>, <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">LOG_INFO</span></code>,
<code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">LOG_DEBUG</span></code>.</p>
</dd>
<dt>Facilities:</dt><dd><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">LOG_KERN</span></code>, <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">LOG_USER</span></code>, <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">LOG_MAIL</span></code>, <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">LOG_DAEMON</span></code>,
<code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">LOG_AUTH</span></code>, <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">LOG_LPR</span></code>, <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">LOG_NEWS</span></code>, <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">LOG_UUCP</span></code>,
<code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">LOG_CRON</span></code>, <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">LOG_SYSLOG</span></code> and <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">LOG_LOCAL0</span></code> to
<code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">LOG_LOCAL7</span></code>.</p>
</dd>
<dt>Log options:</dt><dd><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">LOG_PID</span></code>, <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">LOG_CONS</span></code>, <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">LOG_NDELAY</span></code>, <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">LOG_NOWAIT</span></code>
and <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">LOG_PERROR</span></code> if defined in <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre"><syslog.h></span></code>.</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<div class="section" id="examples">
<h2>36.15.1. Examples<a class="headerlink" href="#examples" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<div class="section" id="simple-example">
<h3>36.15.1.1. Simple example<a class="headerlink" href="#simple-example" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<p>A simple set of examples:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">syslog</span>
<span class="n">syslog</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">syslog</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'Processing started'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">error</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">syslog</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">syslog</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">syslog</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">LOG_ERR</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'Processing started'</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>An example of setting some log options, these would include the process ID in
logged messages, and write the messages to the destination facility used for
mail logging:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">syslog</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">openlog</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">logoption</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">syslog</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">LOG_PID</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">facility</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">syslog</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">LOG_MAIL</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">syslog</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">syslog</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'E-mail processing initiated...'</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
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<ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">36.15. <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">syslog</span></code> — Unix syslog library routines</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#examples">36.15.1. Examples</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#simple-example">36.15.1.1. Simple example</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
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