<!DOCTYPE html> <!--[if IE 8]><html class="no-js lt-ie9" lang="en" > <![endif]--> <!--[if gt IE 8]><!--> <html class="no-js" lang="en" > <!--<![endif]--> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <title>nghttp(1) — nghttp2 1.38.0 documentation</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/css/theme.css" type="text/css" /> <link rel="index" title="Index" href="genindex.html"/> <link rel="search" title="Search" href="search.html"/> <link rel="top" title="nghttp2 1.38.0 documentation" href="index.html"/> <link rel="next" title="nghttpd(1)" href="nghttpd.1.html"/> <link rel="prev" title="Tutorial: HPACK API" href="tutorial-hpack.html"/> <script src="_static/js/modernizr.min.js"></script> </head> <body class="wy-body-for-nav" role="document"> <div class="wy-grid-for-nav"> <nav data-toggle="wy-nav-shift" class="wy-nav-side"> <div class="wy-side-scroll"> <div class="wy-side-nav-search"> <a href="index.html" class="icon icon-home"> nghttp2 </a> <div class="version"> 1.38.0 </div> <div role="search"> <form id="rtd-search-form" class="wy-form" action="search.html" method="get"> <input type="text" name="q" placeholder="Search docs" /> <input type="hidden" name="check_keywords" value="yes" /> <input type="hidden" name="area" value="default" /> </form> </div> </div> <div class="wy-menu wy-menu-vertical" data-spy="affix" role="navigation" aria-label="main navigation"> <ul class="current"> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="package_README.html">nghttp2 - HTTP/2 C Library</a></li> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="contribute.html">Contribution Guidelines</a></li> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="building-android-binary.html">Building Android binary</a></li> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial-client.html">Tutorial: HTTP/2 client</a></li> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial-server.html">Tutorial: HTTP/2 server</a></li> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial-hpack.html">Tutorial: HPACK API</a></li> <li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="#">nghttp(1)</a><ul> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="#synopsis">SYNOPSIS</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="#description">DESCRIPTION</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="#options">OPTIONS</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="#dependency-based-priority">DEPENDENCY BASED PRIORITY</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="#see-also">SEE ALSO</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="nghttpd.1.html">nghttpd(1)</a></li> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="nghttpx.1.html">nghttpx(1)</a></li> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="h2load.1.html">h2load(1)</a></li> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="nghttpx-howto.html">nghttpx - 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Specifying this option multiple times increases verbosity.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="option"> <dt id="cmdoption-nghttp-n"> <code class="descname">-n</code><code class="descclassname"></code><code class="descclassname">, </code><code class="descname">--null-out</code><code class="descclassname"></code><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-nghttp-n" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Discard downloaded data.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="option"> <dt id="cmdoption-nghttp-o"> <code class="descname">-O</code><code class="descclassname"></code><code class="descclassname">, </code><code class="descname">--remote-name</code><code class="descclassname"></code><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-nghttp-o" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Save download data in the current directory. The filename is derived from URI. If URI ends with ‘<em>/</em>’, ‘index.html’ is used as a filename. Not implemented yet.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="option"> <dt id="cmdoption-nghttp-t"> <code class="descname">-t</code><code class="descclassname"></code><code class="descclassname">, </code><code class="descname">--timeout</code><code class="descclassname">=<DURATION></code><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-nghttp-t" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Timeout each request after <DURATION>. Set 0 to disable timeout.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="option"> <dt id="cmdoption-nghttp-w"> <code class="descname">-w</code><code class="descclassname"></code><code class="descclassname">, </code><code class="descname">--window-bits</code><code class="descclassname">=<N></code><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-nghttp-w" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Sets the stream level initial window size to 2**<N>-1.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="option"> <dt id="cmdoption-nghttp-connection-window-bits"> <code class="descname">-W</code><code class="descclassname"></code><code class="descclassname">, </code><code class="descname">--connection-window-bits</code><code class="descclassname">=<N></code><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-nghttp-connection-window-bits" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Sets the connection level initial window size to 2**<N>-1.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="option"> <dt id="cmdoption-nghttp-a"> <code class="descname">-a</code><code class="descclassname"></code><code class="descclassname">, </code><code class="descname">--get-assets</code><code class="descclassname"></code><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-nghttp-a" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Download assets such as stylesheets, images and script files linked from the downloaded resource. Only links whose origins are the same with the linking resource will be downloaded. nghttp prioritizes resources using HTTP/2 dependency based priority. The priority order, from highest to lowest, is html itself, css, javascript and images.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="option"> <dt id="cmdoption-nghttp-s"> <code class="descname">-s</code><code class="descclassname"></code><code class="descclassname">, </code><code class="descname">--stat</code><code class="descclassname"></code><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-nghttp-s" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Print statistics.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="option"> <dt id="cmdoption-nghttp-h"> <code class="descname">-H</code><code class="descclassname"></code><code class="descclassname">, </code><code class="descname">--header</code><code class="descclassname">=<HEADER></code><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-nghttp-h" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Add a header to the requests. Example: <a class="reference internal" href="#cmdoption-nghttp-h"><code class="xref std std-option docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-H</span></code></a>’:method: PUT’</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="option"> <dt id="cmdoption-nghttp-trailer"> <code class="descname">--trailer</code><code class="descclassname">=<HEADER></code><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-nghttp-trailer" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Add a trailer header to the requests. <HEADER> must not include pseudo header field (header field name starting with ‘:’). To send trailer, one must use <a class="reference internal" href="#cmdoption-nghttp-d"><code class="xref std std-option docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-d</span></code></a> option to send request body. Example: <a class="reference internal" href="#cmdoption-nghttp-trailer"><code class="xref std std-option docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">--trailer</span></code></a> ‘foo: bar’.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="option"> <dt id="cmdoption-nghttp-cert"> <code class="descname">--cert</code><code class="descclassname">=<CERT></code><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-nghttp-cert" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Use the specified client certificate file. The file must be in PEM format.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="option"> <dt id="cmdoption-nghttp-key"> <code class="descname">--key</code><code class="descclassname">=<KEY></code><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-nghttp-key" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Use the client private key file. The file must be in PEM format.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="option"> <dt id="cmdoption-nghttp-d"> <code class="descname">-d</code><code class="descclassname"></code><code class="descclassname">, </code><code class="descname">--data</code><code class="descclassname">=<PATH></code><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-nghttp-d" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Post FILE to server. If ‘-‘ is given, data will be read from stdin.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="option"> <dt id="cmdoption-nghttp-m"> <code class="descname">-m</code><code class="descclassname"></code><code class="descclassname">, </code><code class="descname">--multiply</code><code class="descclassname">=<N></code><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-nghttp-m" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Request each URI <N> times. By default, same URI is not requested twice. This option disables it too.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="option"> <dt id="cmdoption-nghttp-u"> <code class="descname">-u</code><code class="descclassname"></code><code class="descclassname">, </code><code class="descname">--upgrade</code><code class="descclassname"></code><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-nghttp-u" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Perform HTTP Upgrade for HTTP/2. This option is ignored if the request URI has https scheme. If <a class="reference internal" href="#cmdoption-nghttp-d"><code class="xref std std-option docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-d</span></code></a> is used, the HTTP upgrade request is performed with OPTIONS method.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="option"> <dt id="cmdoption-nghttp-p"> <code class="descname">-p</code><code class="descclassname"></code><code class="descclassname">, </code><code class="descname">--weight</code><code class="descclassname">=<WEIGHT></code><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-nghttp-p" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Sets weight of given URI. This option can be used multiple times, and N-th <a class="reference internal" href="#cmdoption-nghttp-p"><code class="xref std std-option docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-p</span></code></a> option sets weight of N-th URI in the command line. If the number of <a class="reference internal" href="#cmdoption-nghttp-p"><code class="xref std std-option docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-p</span></code></a> option is less than the number of URI, the last <a class="reference internal" href="#cmdoption-nghttp-p"><code class="xref std std-option docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-p</span></code></a> option value is repeated. If there is no <a class="reference internal" href="#cmdoption-nghttp-p"><code class="xref std std-option docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-p</span></code></a> option, default weight, 16, is assumed. The valid value range is [1, 256], inclusive.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="option"> <dt id="cmdoption-nghttp-peer-max-concurrent-streams"> <code class="descname">-M</code><code class="descclassname"></code><code class="descclassname">, </code><code class="descname">--peer-max-concurrent-streams</code><code class="descclassname">=<N></code><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-nghttp-peer-max-concurrent-streams" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Use <N> as SETTINGS_MAX_CONCURRENT_STREAMS value of remote endpoint as if it is received in SETTINGS frame.</p> <p>Default: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">100</span></code></p> </dd></dl> <dl class="option"> <dt id="cmdoption-nghttp-c"> <code class="descname">-c</code><code class="descclassname"></code><code class="descclassname">, </code><code class="descname">--header-table-size</code><code class="descclassname">=<SIZE></code><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-nghttp-c" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Specify decoder header table size. If this option is used multiple times, and the minimum value among the given values except for last one is strictly less than the last value, that minimum value is set in SETTINGS frame payload before the last value, to simulate multiple header table size change.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="option"> <dt id="cmdoption-nghttp-encoder-header-table-size"> <code class="descname">--encoder-header-table-size</code><code class="descclassname">=<SIZE></code><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-nghttp-encoder-header-table-size" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Specify encoder header table size. The decoder (server) specifies the maximum dynamic table size it accepts. Then the negotiated dynamic table size is the minimum of this option value and the value which server specified.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="option"> <dt id="cmdoption-nghttp-b"> <code class="descname">-b</code><code class="descclassname"></code><code class="descclassname">, </code><code class="descname">--padding</code><code class="descclassname">=<N></code><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-nghttp-b" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Add at most <N> bytes to a frame payload as padding. Specify 0 to disable padding.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="option"> <dt id="cmdoption-nghttp-r"> <code class="descname">-r</code><code class="descclassname"></code><code class="descclassname">, </code><code class="descname">--har</code><code class="descclassname">=<PATH></code><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-nghttp-r" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Output HTTP transactions <PATH> in HAR format. If ‘-‘ is given, data is written to stdout.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="option"> <dt id="cmdoption-nghttp-color"> <code class="descname">--color</code><code class="descclassname"></code><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-nghttp-color" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Force colored log output.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="option"> <dt id="cmdoption-nghttp-continuation"> <code class="descname">--continuation</code><code class="descclassname"></code><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-nghttp-continuation" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Send large header to test CONTINUATION.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="option"> <dt id="cmdoption-nghttp-no-content-length"> <code class="descname">--no-content-length</code><code class="descclassname"></code><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-nghttp-no-content-length" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Don’t send content-length header field.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="option"> <dt id="cmdoption-nghttp-no-dep"> <code class="descname">--no-dep</code><code class="descclassname"></code><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-nghttp-no-dep" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Don’t send dependency based priority hint to server.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="option"> <dt id="cmdoption-nghttp-hexdump"> <code class="descname">--hexdump</code><code class="descclassname"></code><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-nghttp-hexdump" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Display the incoming traffic in hexadecimal (Canonical hex+ASCII display). If SSL/TLS is used, decrypted data are used.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="option"> <dt id="cmdoption-nghttp-no-push"> <code class="descname">--no-push</code><code class="descclassname"></code><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-nghttp-no-push" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Disable server push.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="option"> <dt id="cmdoption-nghttp-max-concurrent-streams"> <code class="descname">--max-concurrent-streams</code><code class="descclassname">=<N></code><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-nghttp-max-concurrent-streams" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>The number of concurrent pushed streams this client accepts.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="option"> <dt id="cmdoption-nghttp-expect-continue"> <code class="descname">--expect-continue</code><code class="descclassname"></code><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-nghttp-expect-continue" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Perform an Expect/Continue handshake: wait to send DATA (up to a short timeout) until the server sends a 100 Continue interim response. This option is ignored unless combined with the <a class="reference internal" href="#cmdoption-nghttp-d"><code class="xref std std-option docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-d</span></code></a> option.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="option"> <dt id="cmdoption-nghttp-y"> <code class="descname">-y</code><code class="descclassname"></code><code class="descclassname">, </code><code class="descname">--no-verify-peer</code><code class="descclassname"></code><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-nghttp-y" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Suppress warning on server certificate verification failure.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="option"> <dt id="cmdoption-nghttp-version"> <code class="descname">--version</code><code class="descclassname"></code><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-nghttp-version" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Display version information and exit.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="option"> <dt id="cmdoption-nghttp-help"> <code class="descname">-h</code><code class="descclassname"></code><code class="descclassname">, </code><code class="descname">--help</code><code class="descclassname"></code><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-nghttp-help" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Display this help and exit.</p> </dd></dl> <p>The <SIZE> argument is an integer and an optional unit (e.g., 10K is 10 * 1024). Units are K, M and G (powers of 1024).</p> <p>The <DURATION> argument is an integer and an optional unit (e.g., 1s is 1 second and 500ms is 500 milliseconds). Units are h, m, s or ms (hours, minutes, seconds and milliseconds, respectively). If a unit is omitted, a second is used as unit.</p> </div> <div class="section" id="dependency-based-priority"> <h2>DEPENDENCY BASED PRIORITY<a class="headerlink" href="#dependency-based-priority" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> <p>nghttp sends priority hints to server by default unless <a class="reference internal" href="#cmdoption-nghttp-no-dep"><code class="xref std std-option docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">--no-dep</span></code></a> is used. nghttp mimics the way Firefox employs to manages dependency using idle streams. We follows the behaviour of Firefox Nightly as of April, 2015, and nghttp’s behaviour is very static and could be different from Firefox in detail. But reproducing the same behaviour of Firefox is not our goal. The goal is provide the easy way to test out the dependency priority in server implementation.</p> <p>When connection is established, nghttp sends 5 PRIORITY frames to idle streams 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11 to create “anchor” nodes in dependency tree:</p> <div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span> +-----+ |id=0 | +-----+ ^ ^ ^ w=201 / | \ w=1 / | \ / w=101| \ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ |id=3 | |id=5 | |id=7 | +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ ^ ^ w=1 | w=1 | | | +-----+ +-----+ |id=11| |id=9 | +-----+ +-----+ </pre></div> </div> <p>In the above figure, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">id</span></code> means stream ID, and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">w</span></code> means weight. The stream 0 is non-existence stream, and forms the root of the tree. The stream 7 and 9 are not used for now.</p> <p>The URIs given in the command-line depend on stream 11 with the weight given in <a class="reference internal" href="#cmdoption-nghttp-p"><code class="xref std std-option docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-p</span></code></a> option, which defaults to 16.</p> <p>If <a class="reference internal" href="#cmdoption-nghttp-a"><code class="xref std std-option docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-a</span></code></a> option is used, nghttp parses the resource pointed by URI given in command-line as html, and extracts resource links from it. When requesting those resources, nghttp uses dependency according to its resource type.</p> <p>For CSS, and Javascript files inside “head” element, they depend on stream 3 with the weight 2. The Javascript files outside “head” element depend on stream 5 with the weight 2. The mages depend on stream 11 with the weight 12. The other resources (e.g., icon) depend on stream 11 with the weight 2.</p> </div> <div class="section" id="see-also"> <h2>SEE ALSO<a class="headerlink" href="#see-also" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> <p><em class="manpage">nghttpd(1)</em>, <em class="manpage">nghttpx(1)</em>, <em class="manpage">h2load(1)</em></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <footer> <div class="rst-footer-buttons" role="navigation" aria-label="footer navigation"> <a href="nghttpd.1.html" class="btn btn-neutral float-right" title="nghttpd(1)" accesskey="n">Next <span class="fa fa-arrow-circle-right"></span></a> <a href="tutorial-hpack.html" class="btn btn-neutral" title="Tutorial: HPACK API" accesskey="p"><span class="fa fa-arrow-circle-left"></span> Previous</a> </div> <hr/> <div role="contentinfo"> <p> © Copyright 2012, 2015, 2016, Tatsuhiro Tsujikawa. </p> </div> Built with <a href="http://sphinx-doc.org/">Sphinx</a> using a <a href="https://github.com/snide/sphinx_rtd_theme">theme</a> provided by <a href="https://readthedocs.org">Read the Docs</a>. </footer> </div> </div> </section> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> var DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS = { URL_ROOT:'./', VERSION:'1.38.0', COLLAPSE_INDEX:false, FILE_SUFFIX:'.html', HAS_SOURCE: false }; </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="_static/jquery.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="_static/underscore.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="_static/doctools.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="_static/language_data.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="_static/js/theme.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function () { SphinxRtdTheme.StickyNav.enable(); }); </script> </body> </html>