pfm2afm: convert pfm font files to afm fonts (StarOffice) t1asm: convert pfb font files to pfa fonts ttf2pt1: convert ttf font files to afm and pfb fonts type1inst: build fonts.dir fonts.scale Fontmap needed by xfs and ghostscript the pfm2afm package: /******************************************************************** * * * Title: pfm2afm - Convert Windows .pfm files to .afm files * * * * Author: Ken Borgendale 10/9/91 Version 1.0 * * * * Function: * * Convert a Windows .pfm (Printer Font Metrics) file to a * * .afm (Adobe Font Metrics) file. The purpose of this is * * to allow fonts put out for Windows to be used with OS/2. * * * * Syntax: * * pfm2afm infile [outfile] -a * * * * Copyright: * * pfm2afm - Copyright (C) IBM Corp., 1991 * * * * This code is released for public use as long as the * * copyright remains intact. This code is provided asis * * without any warrenties, express or implied. * * * * Notes: * * 1. Much of the information in the original .afm file is * * lost when the .pfm file is created, and thus cannot be * * reconstructed by this utility. This is especially true * * of data for characters not in the Windows character set. * * * * 2. This module is coded to be compiled by the MSC 6.0. * * For other compilers, be careful of the packing of the * * PFM structure. * * * ********************************************************************/ /******************************************************************** * * * Modifications by Rod Smith, 5/22/96 * * * * These changes look for the strings "italic", "bold", "black", * * and "light" in the font's name and set the weight accordingly * * and adds an ItalicAngle line with a value of "0" or "-12.00". * * This allows OS/2 programs such as DeScribe to handle the bold * * and italic attributes appropriately, which was not the case * * when I used the original version on fonts from the KeyFonts * * Pro 2002 font CD. * * * * I've also increased the size of the buffer used to load the * * .PFM file; the old size was inadequate for most of the fonts * * from the SoftKey collection. * * * * Compiled with Watcom C 10.6 * * * ********************************************************************/ /******************************************************************** * * * Further modifications, 4/21/98, by Rod Smith * * * * Minor changes to get the program to compile with gcc under * * Linux (Red Hat 5.0, to be precise). I had to add an itoa * * function from the net (the function was buggy, so I had to fix * * it, too!). I also made the program more friendly towards * * files with mixed-case filenames. * * * ********************************************************************/ type1inst Version 0.6.1 (11 February 1998) Author : James Macnicol Introduction ------------ This is the README file for the type1inst utility. type1inst makes it easy for you to use Type 1 fonts that don't come with your system with Ghostscript and/or X. It also has basic support for generating font sample sheets for the Type 1 fonts on your system. Note : If you are using a commercial UNIX which comes with Adobe's Display PostScript (DPS) system you do not need type1inst. The makepsres utility does what you want (with output albeit in a very different form). Read the manual page for more details. type1inst is distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL). See the file COPYING. As such, you can use this program free of charge but there is no warranty. type1inst lives on the Linux archive sunsite.unc.edu in /pub/Linux/X11/xutils. Updates will be placed there as required. Warnings -------- 1. THIS IS BETA SOFTWARE! READ THE SECTION BELOW WHICH DETAILS THE PROGRAM'S CURRENT LIMITATIONS! 2. This is a long document! Things You Need --------------- There are some things you need in order to use type1inst. - An installed and working copy of GNU groff. Well, you at least need the "pfbtops" utility which comes with groff that is used to put the contents of binary PostScript font files (ones with names that end in .pfb) into a textual format more easily used. - The program itself is a perl script, so you will need a copy of perl installed. If your perl is installed somewhere else other than as /usr/bin/perl you will need to edit the top line of the scripts to specify exactly where your perl binary is located. I am using version 5.003 of perl, however I doubt it's doing anything tricky that is in version 5 so previous versions should work just as well. Besides, everything I know about the language has comes from the excellent "Learning Perl" book by Randal Schwartz, which is based on version 4 of Perl. - Some Type 1 fonts you want to use (of course). These can be located anywhere you like and can be distributed over a number of directories if you want. NOTE : since X calls its font index file "fonts.scale", you will not be able to use fonts which are on a DOS filesystem (because of the stupid 8.3 file naming in the old DOS fs). It does work from a Windows 95 VFAT partition, though. - type1inst generates files for use with the X Window System and/or Ghostscript so you will want one or the other or both of these installed. Installing type1inst -------------------- type1inst is now distributed in two forms: a gzipped tar file that can be used on almost any system and also as a RPM (for RedHat Linux). You can tell which one you have by looking at the filename; the former is called type1inst-0.6.1.tar.gz, the latter is type1inst-0.6.1-1.i386.rpm. * For those installing from the .tar.gz file : Just copy the scripts named "type1inst" and "t1embed", which were created when you unpacked the distribution, into some convenient directory in your PATH (e.g. /usr/local/bin). You should probably put this README file somewhere safe in case you want to refer to it later. A manual page is now also provided which sumarizes the options the script takes (but is not really a subtitute for this document). Just copy "type1inst.man" into the appropriate directory, e.g. cp type1inst.man /usr/local/man/man1/type1inst.1 (assuming, of course, that you have permission to write there). * For those installing from the RPM : Just install type1inst like any other RPM, i.e. rpm -i type1inst-0.6.1-1.i386.rpm. See the RPM-HOWTO (available on sunsite.unc.edu and its mirrors) if you need more information about RPM. There are no RPM packages for non-x86 Linux systems at this time (e.g. Alpha or SPARC). What type1inst can do --------------------- There are three main things this program can do : 1. Generate the "fonts.scale" file which X uses to pick up Type 1 fonts which are in the current directory. X will not create this file for you. Previously you had to write the file by hand (which is no fun) but this program automates that process by extracting as much relevant information as it can from the font files themselves. 2. type1inst can also generate entries for fonts which you can insert into Ghostscript's "Fontmap" configuration file. See the Ghostscript documentation for more info. This is used mainly to speed up Ghostscript's starting time, since it will go out and manually construct its own version of this information each time you run it if the Fontmap doesn't contain entries for all the fonts you want to use. This can take a long time if you have a lot of fonts. Using type1inst ensures this is only ever done once. 3. You can also make font sample sheets which lay out some text on a page so you can see what a particular font looks like (similar, but not as fancy as the ones produced by version 4 of the Adobe Type Manager for Windows and Macintosh). By default, the program does items 1 and 2 above. If you want font sample sheets generated, use the -samples command-line switch. If, for some reason, you want to suppress the generation of either "fonts.scale" or "Fontmap", you can use the "-nox" or "-nogs" switches respectively. All messages can be suppressed with the "-silent" switch if you don't want to see them. Using type1inst --------------- NOTE: You will probably need to be root to make at least some of these changes. To install your fonts in X and/or Ghostscript you need to do the following steps for each directory in which you have fonts you want to use. When you are using this program for the first time, or have just updated the contents of a directory you need to : 1. cd to the directory where your fonts are located. 2. Run type1inst. If you want font sample sheets, don't forget to include the "-samples" switch when you run it. If this is the first time you have ever run the program and there are a lot of fonts then this can take some time. On the standard output is first printed a count of the total number of fonts in the directory then a count is printed of the number processed so far. 3. If you are setting up fonts for X : A file called "fonts.scale" has been generated by type1inst which has then run the "mkfontdir" program to make a "fonts.dir" file (possibly adding information about any bitmap fonts you may have in the directory as well). This file contains all the information your X server needs in order to use the fonts. If this is the first time you have used this directory, you now need to tell your X server where it is so that it can use the fonts. How you do this depends on the mechanism by which the X server gets its fonts. In most cases your X server handles fonts itself, i.e. in the X server configuration there is information about which directories contain fonts which it can use. How this is done varies from implementation to implementation. If you are using the popular XFree86 package for PC UNIXes there is a file called "XF86Config" which has a section called "FontPath" that list all the directories in which the X server should look for fonts when it starts up. Add an entry in FontPath for your new directory and then restart the X server. The fonts should now be available. For other X implementations, consult your documentation on how to add directories to your X font path. The second (less common) way for the X server to obtain fonts is via an X font server, i.e. a machine running the program xfs. Note that xfs and the X server can be running on the same machine or on different machines over a network. Similar to the previous case of the X server which handles its own fonts, you also need to tell xfs where the new fonts are. The font path for xfs is listed in the "catalogue" section of its configuration file and this is where you need to add a new entry. See the xfs(1) manual page for details. Once you have done this restart xfs and then the new fonts should be available to all X servers which get their fonts from the font server. If you are updating a directory you have used previously you need only restart your X server or xfs to make the changes effective. 4. If you are setting up fonts for use with Ghostscript : A file called "Fontmap" has been generated by type1inst in the current directory. Since Ghostscript has one global Fontmap file, you will have to use a text editor to cut and paste the entries from the Fontmap in the current directory into the global Fontmap (the location of this file is dependent on your setup, mine is in /usr/lib/ghostscript/3.51/Fontmap). Since the Fontmap entries do not contain information about which directory the fonts are installed in you also need to add an entry to the GS_LIB environment variable which specifies your font directory. When you next use Ghostscript, these fonts will then be available. Important : DO NOT USE THE ENVIRONMENT VARIABLE GS_FONTPATH !!! Doing this defeats the purpose of using type1inst. Regardless of what is in Fontmap, if you use this option Ghostscript will go out and scan all the fonts in the directories listed in GS_FONTPATH for itself each time you start it. The idea is this is only done once. 5. If you asked for font sample sheets to be generated : A new directory called "samples" will have been generated with a series of PostScript files in it. There is one file for each font in the directory plus some files called "allfonts-N.ps" (N is a digit) which are PostScript files containing smaller samples of text from ALL the fonts. The single font samples are named after the real name of the font, not the filename in which they are stored. For example, I have ITC Tiepolo Book whose sample file is "samples/Tiepolo-Book.ps", but the font file itself is called tpw_____.pfb. There are a couple of very important points which must be made about the sample sheet feature. Firstly if you try to send any of these file to a PostScript printer as they are, chances are the output is not what you expect. type1inst does not embed the fonts themselves into the sample file for the reason that this would use up a large amount of disk space (and most probably you won't use them regularly anyway). If you have setup Ghostscript to find the fonts as described previously then you WILL be able to view these files correctly if you open them in Ghostview (or some other previewer based on Ghostscript). If you do want to print out the samples or view them with Ghostview (or whatever) on a machine where the fonts are _not_ installed then you can use the "t1embed" script to insert the fonts in the sample file. Simply specify the filenames of the samples you want with embedded fonts as arguments to t1embed. The current version of t1embed requires that the fonts to be embedded be in the current directory (i.e. it won't look in GS_LIB or the X font path for files). In normal usage, therefore, you will want to run t1embed from the directory with your fonts in it. Some examples, t1embed samples/LucidaSans.ps samples/Tiepolo-Book.ps embeds LucidaSans and TiepoloBook into their respective sample sheets. t1embed samples/*.ps embeds fonts in all the PostScript files in your samples directory. Note : As stated above, this is only useful if you are sending files directly to a PostScript printer. Printing on a non-PostScript device usually mean you use GhostScript -- see the section on setting up GhostScript's Fontmap for details on how to do this. Note 2 : Distributing PostScript files to others with complete embedded fonts such as t1embed creates is probably in violation of any font licensing agreement you have entered into. You should therefore keep these files for personal use only. 6. A log of operations carried out by the script can be found in the file named "type1inst.log" in the directory in which the script was run. If something bad happens, look in here first for more details. Other Issues ------------ There are some other things that come up when using type1inst and are discussed below. X Foundry Names --------------- X font names include a string denoting the foundry where the particular font came from. Unfortunately, it seems that there is no standard place this is stored in all font files. Many fonts say something in the /Notice string near the top of the font file, and indeed this is how type1inst attempts to determine the foundry name. For faces from large vendors like Adobe or Monotype this works fine 99% of the time (the only exception I've seen is for ITC Korinna-Bold which has a typo in the spelling of "International Typeface Corporation" ;-) ). However, you will most probably have some fonts where this strategy fails. type1inst will emit a message after it has finished which looks something like : ------------------------------------------------------- For 3 of these I couldn't figure out which foundry the font is from. Thus, these fonts will appear under the foundry unknown, i.e. X font name -unknown-*. Please consult the README file to see what this means. ------------------------------------------------------- If you have got this far you are doing the right thing :-) If you now look in the type1inst log file "type1inst.log", you will see entries like : brakeo_.pfb (BugRake-Oblique) : foundry not matched /Notice said : "BugRake was developed by Qaqaville Typography Inc." The first word is the filename and in brackets the name of the font in that file. The /Notice string is then printed. More often than not, the /Notice string doesn't have anything useful in it. This seems to be especially so with public domain fonts. You'll just have to live with it or override the foundry name manually (see the following section). If, however, a number of your fonts have similar-looking /Notice strings with a company or person's name, or something useful like that then you might like to send a copy of one of the /Notice strings to me and I'll add detection for your foundry into the next release. You can do this yourself by reading the comments near the top of the type1inst script, near the definition of the array @foundries. As the message says, the foundry is set to "unknown", so if you can't see them in "xfontsel", look there. Overriding Things ----------------- Some fonts have internal font names which are a little verbose or, as described above, the script may not be able to determine which foundry a particular font comes from. An example of a verbose name is "Courier10PitchBT-Roman" which was donated by Bitstream to the X Consortium and comes with all X distributions. You might want to abbreviate this to "Courier10" or even "Courier". Once you have a valid "fonts.scale" file, you can then edit any part of the X font specification to be whatever you like and if you subsequently run the script again it will use what is already in the file, so your changes will be permanent. The same goes for the Fontmap; if there is already an entry corresponding to a particular filename, the program won't parse the font again, it will just keep the old name. This way you can make changes to the file which will be persistent. Current Problems/Limitations ---------------------------- - The font samples are always re-created if you use the -samples option. There is no support just yet for checking to see if the font has changed and only generating the sample if this is true. - I consider the current font sample code to be less than ideal. As you will notice fonts with wide metrics (e.g. fixed width fonts like Courier) go over the edge of the page. The current program makes no attempt to determine the metrics of the font and just prints the same strings for each font (at the same size) whether they fit or not. It also doesn't make any attempt to find out what symbols are in the font. A future version should include a better (and more complicated) method for generating samples which will involve parsing an AFM file from Ghostscript to get the metrics and the width of each line calculated to ensure it fits within the boundaries of the page, as well as making a sample page with a complete set of available symbols. Volunteers to do this are welcome (I have some code if anyone is interested finishing it). - The script won't yet work on anything which doesn't look like a Unix since it needs system commands like "mv", "rm" etc. I'll fix this if people using other systems are interested. - The public domain Hershey fonts which are distributed with Ghostscript don't have the structure of normal fonts and are ignored. - Having _lots_ of fonts causes xfontsel's list of fonts to be about five screens high :-( [ not my fault ! ] I've been told that if you replace libXaw with "libneXtaw" (location unknown....) then the list will scroll. - Don't throw away all your bitmap fonts yet. It seems there is more than one way to write font names in X and some applications (e.g. xmcd) can't match the fonts they want with anything this program generates. It looks like you can have less fields in the font specification. I really don't know much about this (need an Xpert). Perhaps we need to automatically generate aliases or something. e.g. artifacts(0):~# xmcd& [1] 10958 artifacts(0):~# Warning: Cannot convert string "-*-helvetica-medium-r-*--10-100-*" to type FontStruct Warning: Cannot convert string "-*-helvetica-medium-o-*--24-240-*" to type FontStruct Warning: Cannot convert string "-*-helvetica-bold-o-*--14-140-*" to type FontStruct Warning: Cannot convert string "-*-helvetica-bold-o-*--12-120-*" to type FontStruct Warning: Cannot convert string "-*-helvetica-bold-r-*--12-120-*" to type FontStruct Warning: Cannot convert string "-*-helvetica-*-o-*--14-140-*" to type FontStruct Warning: Cannot convert string "-*-helvetica-medium-r-*--12-120-*" to type FontStruct Warning: Cannot convert string "-*-times-bold-i-*--24-240-*" to type FontStruct Warning: Cannot convert string "-*-times-bold-i-*--12-120-*" to type FontStruct It would appear to be something to do with the 24-240 bit. I can't seem to select these in xfontsel (but this is a scalable font so you should be able to get all sizes....????) - Some users in the past reported problems with file globbing not working, which resulted in the program saying that there are no fonts in a given directory even though there were some. I don't know why this is. The code now spawns a shell to globbing on behalf of type1inst which I hope will solve the problem, the logic being if your shell's globbing is broken then you will have to fix it (unlike perl which you might not use for anything else). I have my suspicions regarding the various versions of the Linux libc which breaks bits and pieces inside perl. Please let me know if the problem persists. Contacting the Author --------------------- If you find a problem with this program or you would like to make a suggestion, or whatever, feel free to e-mail me. My address is james.macnicol@mailexcite.com Note that this address has changed (as of version 0.6.1). It's on one of those free e-mail services because I've finished my university study and I don't know where my preferred e-mail address will be after that. Thanks! ------- My thanks go to the following people for submitting feedback and/or code (names in alphabetical order) : - Jouni Ahto <jah@pirecraft.fi> For cleaning up and greatly expanding the font name/style etc. checking, making it do the right thing in far more cases than it used to (although it seems we will never get the font foundries to lay things out in a standard way so it won't always work 100% right). - Jim Diamond <zsd@axe.nstn.ca> and (independently) - Pete Schwamb <pete@basho.rconnect.com> For contributing foundry description for Corel's fonts. - Andreas Dilger <adilger@enel.ucalgary.ca> For writing and enhancing the font sample code, many suggestions and foundry names too. - Andrew Fitzhugh <fitzhugh@hpl.hp.com> For pointing out that pfbtops wasn't from Ghostscript at all, but from groff. - Elliot Lee <sopwith@circ.us.eu.org> For contributing code that copes with compressed fonts and deals with /FontName (foo) def in the font files. - Daniel Morrison <draker@cug.concordia.ca> For reporting problems with file globbing and providing code to fix it. - James A. Robinson <jimr@simons-rock.edu> For foundry information on lots of public domain fonts. - Robin Stephenson <robin@gbhap.com> For a whole bunch of foundries seen in the Fontographer distribution. - David Stern <kotsya@u.washington.edu> For intelligence regarding xfontsel and scrolling lists of fonts. - Stefan Wille <wille@kew.netlife.de> For "Allied Corporation" foundry.