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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>E.6. Release 11</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="pgsql-docs@lists.postgresql.org" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets Vsnapshot" /><link rel="prev" href="release-11-1.html" title="E.5. Release 11.1" /><link rel="next" href="release-prior.html" title="E.7. Prior Releases" /></head><body><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center">E.6. Release 11</th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="release-11-1.html" title="E.5. Release 11.1">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="release.html" title="Appendix E. Release Notes">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">Appendix E. Release Notes</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 11.5 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="release-prior.html" title="E.7. Prior Releases">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></hr></div><div class="sect1" id="RELEASE-11"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">E.6. Release 11</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="release-11.html#id-1.11.6.10.3">E.6.1. Overview</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="release-11.html#id-1.11.6.10.4">E.6.2. Migration to Version 11</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="release-11.html#id-1.11.6.10.5">E.6.3. Changes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="release-11.html#RELEASE-11-ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS">E.6.4. Acknowledgments</a></span></dt></dl></div><p><strong>Release date: </strong>2018-10-18</p><div class="sect2" id="id-1.11.6.10.3"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">E.6.1. Overview</h3></div></div></div><p>
Major enhancements in <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> 11 include:
</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem"><p>
Improvements to partitioning functionality, including:
</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: circle; "><li class="listitem"><p>
Add support for partitioning by a hash key
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Add support for <code class="literal">PRIMARY KEY</code>, <code class="literal">FOREIGN
KEY</code>, indexes, and triggers on partitioned tables
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Allow creation of a <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">default</span>”</span> partition for storing
data that does not match any of the remaining partitions
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
<code class="command">UPDATE</code> statements that change a partition key
column now cause affected rows to be moved to the appropriate
partitions
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Improve <code class="command">SELECT</code> performance through enhanced
partition elimination strategies during query planning and execution
</p></li></ul></div><p>
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Improvements to parallelism, including:
</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: circle; "><li class="listitem"><p>
<code class="command">CREATE INDEX</code> can now use parallel processing
while building a B-tree index
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Parallelization is now possible in <code class="command">CREATE TABLE
... AS</code>,
<code class="command">CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW</code>, and certain
queries using <code class="literal">UNION</code>
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Parallelized hash joins and parallelized sequential scans now
perform better
</p></li></ul></div><p>
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
SQL stored procedures that support embedded transactions
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Optional Just-in-Time (JIT) compilation for some SQL code, speeding
evaluation of expressions
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Window functions now support all framing options shown in the SQL:2011
standard, including <code class="literal">RANGE <em class="replaceable"><code>distance</code></em>
PRECEDING/FOLLOWING</code>, <code class="literal">GROUPS</code> mode, and
frame exclusion options
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Covering indexes can now be created, using the
<code class="literal">INCLUDE</code> clause of <code class="command">CREATE INDEX</code>
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Many other useful performance improvements, including the ability to
avoid a table rewrite for <code class="command">ALTER TABLE ... ADD COLUMN</code>
with a non-null column default
</p></li></ul></div><p>
The above items are explained in more detail in the sections below.
</p></div><div class="sect2" id="id-1.11.6.10.4"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">E.6.2. Migration to Version 11</h3></div></div></div><p>
A dump/restore using <a class="xref" href="app-pg-dumpall.html" title="pg_dumpall"><span class="refentrytitle"><span class="application">pg_dumpall</span></span></a>, or use of <a class="xref" href="pgupgrade.html" title="pg_upgrade"><span class="refentrytitle"><span class="application">pg_upgrade</span></span></a>, is required for those wishing to migrate data
from any previous release.
</p><p>
Version 11 contains a number of changes that may affect compatibility
with previous releases. Observe the following incompatibilities:
</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem"><p>
Make <a class="link" href="app-pgdump.html" title="pg_dump"><span class="application">pg_dump</span></a>
dump the properties of a database, not just its contents
(Haribabu Kommi)
</p><p>
Previously, attributes of the database itself, such as database-level
<code class="command">GRANT</code>/<code class="command">REVOKE</code> permissions and
<code class="command">ALTER DATABASE SET</code> variable settings, were only
dumped by <a class="link" href="app-pg-dumpall.html" title="pg_dumpall"><span class="application">pg_dumpall</span></a>.
Now <code class="command">pg_dump --create</code> and
<code class="command">pg_restore --create</code> will restore these database
properties in addition to the objects within the
database. <code class="command">pg_dumpall -g</code> now only dumps role-
and tablespace-related attributes.
<span class="application">pg_dumpall</span>'s complete output (without
<code class="option">-g</code>) is unchanged.
</p><p>
<span class="application">pg_dump</span> and
<span class="application">pg_restore</span>, without
<code class="option">--create</code>, no longer dump/restore database-level
comments and security labels; those are now treated as properties of
the database.
</p><p>
<span class="application">pg_dumpall</span>'s output script will now always
create databases with their original locale and encoding, and hence
will fail if the locale or encoding name is unknown to the
destination system. Previously, <code class="command">CREATE DATABASE</code>
would be emitted without these specifications if the database locale
and encoding matched the old cluster's defaults.
</p><p>
<code class="command">pg_dumpall --clean</code> now restores the original
locale and encoding settings of the <code class="literal">postgres</code>
and <code class="literal">template1</code> databases, as well as those of
user-created databases.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Consider syntactic form when disambiguating function versus column
references (Tom Lane)
</p><p>
When <em class="replaceable"><code>x</code></em> is a table name or composite
column, <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> has traditionally
considered the syntactic
forms <code class="literal"><em class="replaceable"><code>f</code></em>(<em class="replaceable"><code>x</code></em>)</code>
and <code class="literal"><em class="replaceable"><code>x</code></em>.<em class="replaceable"><code>f</code></em></code>
to be equivalent, allowing tricks such as writing a function and
then using it as though it were a computed-on-demand column.
However, if both interpretations are feasible, the column
interpretation was always chosen, leading to surprising results if
the user intended the function interpretation. Now, if there is
ambiguity, the interpretation that matches the syntactic form is
chosen.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Fully enforce uniqueness of table and domain constraint names
(Tom Lane)
</p><p>
<span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> expects the names of a table's
constraints to be distinct, and likewise for the names of a domain's
constraints. However, there was not rigid enforcement of this, and
previously there were corner cases where duplicate names could be
created.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Make <code class="function">power(numeric, numeric)</code>
and <code class="function">power(float8, float8)</code>
handle <code class="literal">NaN</code> inputs according to the POSIX standard
(Tom Lane, Dang Minh Huong)
</p><p>
POSIX says that <code class="literal">NaN ^ 0 = 1</code> and <code class="literal">1 ^ NaN
= 1</code>, but all other cases with <code class="literal">NaN</code>
input(s) should return <code class="literal">NaN</code>.
<code class="function">power(numeric, numeric)</code> just
returned <code class="literal">NaN</code> in all such cases; now it honors the
two exceptions. <code class="function">power(float8, float8)</code> followed
the standard if the C library does; but on some old Unix platforms
the library doesn't, and there were also problems on some versions
of Windows.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Prevent <a class="link" href="functions-formatting.html#FUNCTIONS-FORMATTING-NUMERIC-TABLE" title="Table 9.26. Template Patterns for Numeric Formatting"><code class="function">to_number()</code></a>
from consuming characters when the template separator does not
match (Oliver Ford)
</p><p>
Specifically, <code class="command">SELECT to_number('1234', '9,999')</code>
used to return <code class="literal">134</code>. It will now
return <code class="literal">1234</code>. <code class="literal">L</code> and
<code class="literal">TH</code> now only consume characters that are not
digits, positive/negative signs, decimal points, or commas.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Fix <a class="link" href="functions-formatting.html" title="9.8. Data Type Formatting Functions"><code class="function">to_date()</code></a>,
<code class="function">to_number()</code>, and
<code class="function">to_timestamp()</code> to skip a character for each
template character (Tom Lane)
</p><p>
Previously, they skipped one <span class="emphasis"><em>byte</em></span> for each byte
of template character, resulting in strange behavior if either string
contained multibyte characters.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Adjust the handling of backslashes inside double-quotes in
template strings for <code class="function">to_char()</code>,
<code class="function">to_number()</code>, and
<code class="function">to_timestamp()</code>.
</p><p>
Such a backslash now escapes the character after it, particularly
a double-quote or another backslash.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Correctly handle relative path expressions
in <code class="function">xmltable()</code>, <code class="function">xpath()</code>,
and other XML-handling functions (Markus Winand)
</p><p>
Per the SQL standard, relative paths start from the document node of
the XML input document, not the root node as these functions
previously did.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
In the <a class="link" href="protocol-overview.html#PROTOCOL-QUERY-CONCEPTS" title="53.1.2. Extended Query Overview">extended query
protocol</a>,
make <a class="link" href="runtime-config-client.html#GUC-STATEMENT-TIMEOUT"><code class="varname">statement_timeout</code></a>
apply to each Execute message separately, not to all commands before
Sync (Tatsuo Ishii, Andres Freund)
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Remove the <code class="structfield">relhaspkey</code> column from system
catalog <code class="structname">pg_class</code> (Peter Eisentraut)
</p><p>
Applications needing to check for a primary key should consult
<code class="structname">pg_index</code>.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Replace system catalog <code class="structname">pg_proc</code>'s
<code class="structfield">proisagg</code> and
<code class="structfield">proiswindow</code> columns with
<code class="structfield">prokind</code> (Peter Eisentraut)
</p><p>
This new column more clearly distinguishes functions, procedures,
aggregates, and window functions.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Correct information schema column <a class="link" href="infoschema-tables.html" title="37.52. tables"><code class="structname">tables</code>.<code class="structfield">table_type</code></a>
to return <code class="literal">FOREIGN</code> instead of <code class="literal">FOREIGN
TABLE</code> (Peter Eisentraut)
</p><p>
This new output matches the SQL standard.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Change the ps process display
labels for background workers to match the <a class="link" href="monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-ACTIVITY-VIEW" title="Table 28.3. pg_stat_activity View"><code class="structname">pg_stat_activity</code>.<code class="structfield">backend_type</code></a>
labels (Peter Eisentraut)
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Cause large object permission checks
to happen during large object open, <a class="link" href="lo-interfaces.html#LO-OPEN" title="35.3.4. Opening an Existing Large Object"><code class="function">lo_open()</code></a>, not
when a read or write is attempted (Tom Lane, Michael Paquier)
</p><p>
If write access is requested and not available, an error will now be
thrown even if the large object is never written to.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Prevent non-superusers from reindexing shared catalogs
(Michael Paquier, Robert Haas)
</p><p>
Previously, database owners were also allowed to do this, but
now it is considered outside the bounds of their privileges.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Remove deprecated <a class="link" href="adminpack.html" title="F.1. adminpack"><code class="filename">adminpack</code></a> functions
<code class="function">pg_file_read()</code>,
<code class="function">pg_file_length()</code>, and
<code class="function">pg_logfile_rotate()</code> (Stephen Frost)
</p><p>
Equivalent functionality is now present in the core backend.
Existing <code class="filename">adminpack</code> installs will continue to have
access to these functions until they are updated via <code class="command">ALTER
EXTENSION ... UPDATE</code>.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Honor the capitalization of double-quoted command options
(Daniel Gustafsson)
</p><p>
Previously, option names in certain SQL commands were forcibly
lower-cased even if entered with double quotes; thus for example
<code class="literal">"FillFactor"</code> would be accepted as an index storage
option, though properly its name is lower-case. Such cases will now
generate an error.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Remove server parameter <code class="varname">replacement_sort_tuples</code>
(Peter Geoghegan)
</p><p>
Replacement sorts were determined to be no longer useful.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Remove <code class="literal">WITH</code> clause in <a class="link" href="sql-createfunction.html" title="CREATE FUNCTION"><code class="command">CREATE
FUNCTION</code></a> (Michael Paquier)
</p><p>
<span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> has long supported a more
standard-compliant syntax for this capability.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
In PL/pgSQL trigger functions, the <code class="varname">OLD</code>
and <code class="varname">NEW</code> variables now read as NULL when not
assigned (Tom Lane)
</p><p>
Previously, references to these variables could be parsed but not
executed.
</p></li></ul></div></div><div class="sect2" id="id-1.11.6.10.5"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">E.6.3. Changes</h3></div></div></div><p>
Below you will find a detailed account of the changes between
<span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> 11 and the previous major
release.
</p><div class="sect3" id="id-1.11.6.10.5.3"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">E.6.3.1. Server</h4></div></div></div><div class="sect4" id="id-1.11.6.10.5.3.2"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h5 class="title">E.6.3.1.1. Partitioning</h5></div></div></div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem"><p>
Allow the creation of partitions based on hashing a key column
(Amul Sul)
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Support indexes on partitioned tables (Álvaro Herrera,
Amit Langote)
</p><p>
An <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">index</span>”</span> on a partitioned table is not a physical
index across the whole partitioned table, but rather a template for
automatically creating similar indexes on each partition of the
table.
</p><p>
If the partition key is part of the index's column set, a
partitioned index may be declared <code class="literal">UNIQUE</code>.
It will represent a valid uniqueness constraint across the whole
partitioned table, even though each physical index only enforces
uniqueness within its own partition.
</p><p>
The new command <a class="link" href="sql-alterindex.html" title="ALTER INDEX"><code class="command">ALTER
INDEX ATTACH PARTITION</code></a> causes an existing index on
a partition to be associated with a matching index template for its
partitioned table. This provides flexibility in setting up a new
partitioned index for an existing partitioned table.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Allow foreign keys on partitioned tables (Álvaro Herrera)
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Allow <code class="literal">FOR EACH ROW</code> triggers on partitioned
tables (Álvaro Herrera)
</p><p>
Creation of a trigger on a partitioned table automatically creates
triggers on all existing and future partitions.
This also allows deferred unique constraints on partitioned tables.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Allow partitioned tables to have a default partition (Jeevan Ladhe,
Beena Emerson, Ashutosh Bapat, Rahila Syed, Robert Haas)
</p><p>
The default partition will store rows that don't match any of the
other defined partitions, and is searched accordingly.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
<code class="command">UPDATE</code> statements that change a partition key
column now cause affected rows to be moved to the appropriate
partitions (Amit Khandekar)
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Allow <code class="command">INSERT</code>, <code class="command">UPDATE</code>, and
<code class="command">COPY</code> on partitioned tables to properly route
rows to foreign partitions (Etsuro Fujita, Amit Langote)
</p><p>
This is supported by <code class="filename">postgres_fdw</code>
foreign tables.
Since the <code class="function">ExecForeignInsert</code> callback function
is called for this in a different way than it used to be,
foreign data wrappers must be modified to cope with this change.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Allow faster partition elimination during query processing (Amit
Langote, David Rowley, Dilip Kumar)
</p><p>
This speeds access to partitioned tables with many partitions.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Allow partition elimination during query execution (David Rowley,
Beena Emerson)
</p><p>
Previously, partition elimination only happened at planning
time, meaning many joins and prepared queries could not use
partition elimination.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
In an equality join between partitioned tables, allow matching
partitions to be joined directly (Ashutosh Bapat)
</p><p>
This feature is disabled by default
but can be enabled by changing <a class="link" href="runtime-config-query.html#GUC-ENABLE-PARTITIONWISE-JOIN"><code class="varname">enable_partitionwise_join</code></a>.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Allow aggregate functions on partitioned tables to be evaluated
separately for each partition, subsequently merging the results
(Jeevan Chalke, Ashutosh Bapat, Robert Haas)
</p><p>
This feature is disabled by default
but can be enabled by changing <a class="link" href="runtime-config-query.html#GUC-ENABLE-PARTITIONWISE-AGGREGATE"><code class="varname">enable_partitionwise_aggregate</code></a>.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Allow <a class="link" href="postgres-fdw.html" title="F.33. postgres_fdw"><code class="filename">postgres_fdw</code></a>
to push down aggregates to foreign tables that are partitions
(Jeevan Chalke)
</p></li></ul></div></div><div class="sect4" id="id-1.11.6.10.5.3.3"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h5 class="title">E.6.3.1.2. Parallel Queries</h5></div></div></div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem"><p>
Allow parallel building of a btree index (Peter Geoghegan,
Rushabh Lathia, Heikki Linnakangas)
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Allow hash joins to be performed in parallel using a shared hash
table (Thomas Munro)
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Allow <code class="literal">UNION</code> to run each
<code class="command">SELECT</code> in parallel if the individual
<code class="command">SELECT</code>s cannot be parallelized (Amit Khandekar,
Robert Haas, Amul Sul)
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Allow partition scans to more efficiently use parallel workers
(Amit Khandekar, Robert Haas, Amul Sul)
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Allow <code class="literal">LIMIT</code> to be passed to parallel workers
(Robert Haas, Tom Lane)
</p><p>
This allows workers to reduce returned results and use targeted
index scans.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Allow single-evaluation queries, e.g. <code class="literal">WHERE</code>
clause aggregate queries, and functions in the target list to be
parallelized (Amit Kapila, Robert Haas)
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Add server parameter <a class="link" href="runtime-config-query.html#GUC-PARALLEL-LEADER-PARTICIPATION"><code class="varname">parallel_leader_participation</code></a>
to control whether the leader also executes subplans (Thomas Munro)
</p><p>
The default is enabled, meaning the leader will execute subplans.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Allow parallelization of commands <code class="command">CREATE TABLE
... AS</code>, <code class="command">SELECT INTO</code>, and
<code class="command">CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW</code> (Haribabu Kommi)
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Improve performance of sequential scans with many parallel workers
(David Rowley)
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Add reporting of parallel workers' sort activity in
<code class="command">EXPLAIN</code> (Robert Haas, Tom Lane)
</p></li></ul></div></div><div class="sect4" id="id-1.11.6.10.5.3.4"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h5 class="title">E.6.3.1.3. Indexes</h5></div></div></div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem"><p>
Allow B-tree indexes to include columns that are not part of the
search key or unique constraint, but are available to be read by
index-only scans (Anastasia Lubennikova, Alexander Korotkov, Teodor
Sigaev)
</p><p>
This is enabled by the new <code class="literal">INCLUDE</code> clause of <a class="link" href="sql-createindex.html" title="CREATE INDEX"><code class="command">CREATE INDEX</code></a>.
It facilitates building <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">covering indexes</span>”</span> that optimize
specific types of queries. Columns can be included even if their
data types don't have B-tree support.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Improve performance of monotonically increasing index additions
(Pavan Deolasee, Peter Geoghegan)
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Improve performance of hash index scans (Ashutosh Sharma)
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Add predicate locking for hash, GiST and GIN indexes (Shubham
Barai)
</p><p>
This reduces the likelihood of serialization conflicts in
serializable-mode transactions.
</p></li></ul></div><div class="sect5" id="id-1.11.6.10.5.3.4.3"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h6 class="title">E.6.3.1.3.1. <a class="link" href="spgist.html" title="Chapter 65. SP-GiST Indexes">SP-Gist</a></h6></div></div></div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem"><p>
Add prefix-match
operator <code class="type">text</code> <code class="literal">^@</code> <code class="type">text</code>,
which is supported by SP-GiST (Ildus Kurbangaliev)
</p><p>
This is similar to using <em class="replaceable"><code>var</code></em> <code class="literal">LIKE
'word%'</code> with a btree index, but it is more efficient.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Allow polygons to be indexed with SP-GiST (Nikita Glukhov,
Alexander Korotkov)
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Allow SP-GiST to use lossy representation of leaf keys (Teodor Sigaev,
Heikki Linnakangas, Alexander Korotkov, Nikita Glukhov)
</p></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="sect4" id="id-1.11.6.10.5.3.5"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h5 class="title">E.6.3.1.4. Optimizer</h5></div></div></div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem"><p>
Improve selection of the most common values for statistics
(Jeff Janes, Dean Rasheed)
</p><p>
Previously, the most common values (<acronym class="acronym">MCV</acronym>s) were
identified based on their frequency compared to all column
values. Now, <acronym class="acronym">MCV</acronym>s are chosen based on their
frequency compared to the non-<acronym class="acronym">MCV</acronym> values.
This improves the robustness of the algorithm for both uniform and
non-uniform distributions.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Improve selectivity estimates for <code class="literal">>=</code>
and <code class="literal"><=</code> (Tom Lane)
</p><p>
Previously, such cases used the same selectivity estimates
as <code class="literal">></code> and <code class="literal"><</code>, respectively,
unless the comparison constants are <acronym class="acronym">MCV</acronym>s.
This change is particularly helpful for queries
involving <code class="literal">BETWEEN</code> with small ranges.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Reduce <em class="replaceable"><code>var</code></em> <code class="literal">=</code>
<em class="replaceable"><code>var</code></em>
to <em class="replaceable"><code>var</code></em> <code class="literal">IS NOT NULL</code>
where equivalent (Tom Lane)
</p><p>
This leads to better selectivity estimates.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Improve optimizer's row count estimates for <code class="literal">EXISTS</code>
and <code class="literal">NOT EXISTS</code> queries (Tom Lane)
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Make the optimizer account for evaluation costs and selectivity
of <code class="literal">HAVING</code> clauses (Tom Lane)
</p></li></ul></div></div><div class="sect4" id="id-1.11.6.10.5.3.6"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h5 class="title">E.6.3.1.5. General Performance</h5></div></div></div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem"><p>
Add <a class="link" href="jit.html" title="Chapter 32. Just-in-Time Compilation (JIT)">Just-in-Time</a>
(<acronym class="acronym">JIT</acronym>) compilation of some parts of query plans
to improve execution speed (Andres Freund)
</p><p>
This feature requires <span class="application">LLVM</span> to be
available. It is not currently enabled by default, even in
builds that support it.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Allow bitmap scans to perform index-only scans when possible
(Alexander Kuzmenkov)
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Update the free space map during <code class="command">VACUUM</code>
(Claudio Freire)
</p><p>
This allows free space to be reused more quickly.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Allow <code class="command">VACUUM</code> to avoid unnecessary index scans
(Masahiko Sawada, Alexander Korotkov)
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Improve performance of committing multiple concurrent transactions
(Amit Kapila)
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Reduce memory usage for queries using set-returning functions in
their target lists (Andres Freund)
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Improve the speed of aggregate computations (Andres Freund)
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Allow <a class="link" href="postgres-fdw.html" title="F.33. postgres_fdw"><code class="filename">postgres_fdw</code></a>
to push <code class="command">UPDATE</code>s and <code class="command">DELETE</code>s
using joins to foreign servers (Etsuro Fujita)
</p><p>
Previously, only non-join <code class="command">UPDATE</code>s and
<code class="command">DELETE</code>s were pushed.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Add support for <em class="firstterm">large pages</em> on Windows
(Takayuki Tsunakawa, Thomas Munro)
</p><p>
This is controlled by the <a class="link" href="runtime-config-resource.html#GUC-HUGE-PAGES">huge_pages</a> configuration
parameter.
</p></li></ul></div></div><div class="sect4" id="id-1.11.6.10.5.3.7"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h5 class="title">E.6.3.1.6. Monitoring</h5></div></div></div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem"><p>
Show memory usage in output from <a class="link" href="runtime-config-statistics.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-STATISTICS-MONITOR" title="19.9.2. Statistics Monitoring"><code class="varname">log_statement_stats</code></a>,
<code class="varname">log_parser_stats</code>,
<code class="varname">log_planner_stats</code>, and
<code class="varname">log_executor_stats</code> (Justin Pryzby, Peter
Eisentraut)
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Add column <a class="link" href="monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-ACTIVITY-VIEW" title="Table 28.3. pg_stat_activity View"><code class="structname">pg_stat_activity</code>.<code class="structfield">backend_type</code></a>
to show the type of a background worker (Peter Eisentraut)
</p><p>
The type is also visible in <span class="application">ps</span> output.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Make <a class="link" href="runtime-config-autovacuum.html#GUC-LOG-AUTOVACUUM-MIN-DURATION"><code class="varname">log_autovacuum_min_duration</code></a>
log skipped tables that are concurrently being dropped (Nathan
Bossart)
</p></li></ul></div><div class="sect5" id="id-1.11.6.10.5.3.7.3"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h6 class="title">E.6.3.1.6.1. <a class="link" href="infoschema-tables.html" title="37.52. tables">Information Schema</a></h6></div></div></div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem"><p>
Add <code class="literal">information_schema</code> columns related to table
constraints and triggers (Peter Eisentraut)
</p><p>
Specifically,
<code class="structname">triggers</code>.<code class="structfield">action_order</code>,
<code class="structname">triggers</code>.<code class="structfield">action_reference_old_table</code>,
and
<code class="structname">triggers</code>.<code class="structfield">action_reference_new_table</code>
are now populated, where before they were always null. Also,
<code class="structname">table_constraints</code>.<code class="structfield">enforced</code>
now exists but is not yet usefully populated.
</p></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="sect4" id="id-1.11.6.10.5.3.8"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h5 class="title">E.6.3.1.7. <acronym class="acronym">Authentication</acronym></h5></div></div></div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem"><p>
Allow the server to specify more complex <a class="link" href="auth-ldap.html" title="20.10. LDAP Authentication"><acronym class="acronym">LDAP</acronym></a> specifications
in search+bind mode (Thomas Munro)
</p><p>
Specifically, <code class="literal">ldapsearchfilter</code> allows pattern matching using
combinations of <acronym class="acronym">LDAP</acronym> attributes.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Allow <acronym class="acronym">LDAP</acronym> authentication to use
encrypted <acronym class="acronym">LDAP</acronym> (Thomas Munro)
</p><p>
We already supported <acronym class="acronym">LDAP</acronym> over
<acronym class="acronym">TLS</acronym> by using <code class="literal">ldaptls=1</code>.
This new <acronym class="acronym">TLS</acronym> <acronym class="acronym">LDAP</acronym> method for
encrypted <acronym class="acronym">LDAP</acronym> is enabled
with <code class="literal">ldapscheme=ldaps</code>
or <code class="literal">ldapurl=ldaps://</code>.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Improve logging of <acronym class="acronym">LDAP</acronym> errors (Thomas Munro)
</p></li></ul></div></div><div class="sect4" id="id-1.11.6.10.5.3.9"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h5 class="title">E.6.3.1.8. Permissions</h5></div></div></div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem"><p>
Add <a class="link" href="default-roles.html#DEFAULT-ROLES-TABLE" title="Table 21.1. Default Roles">default roles</a> that
enable file system access (Stephen Frost)
</p><p>
Specifically, the new roles are:
<code class="literal">pg_read_server_files</code>,
<code class="literal">pg_write_server_files</code>, and
<code class="literal">pg_execute_server_program</code>. These roles now also
control who can use server-side <code class="command">COPY</code> and the <a class="link" href="file-fdw.html" title="F.14. file_fdw"><code class="filename">file_fdw</code></a> extension.
Previously, only superusers could use these functions, and that
is still the default behavior.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Allow access to file system functions to be controlled by
<code class="command">GRANT</code>/<code class="command">REVOKE</code> permissions,
rather than superuser checks (Stephen Frost)
</p><p>
Specifically, these functions were modified: <a class="link" href="functions-admin.html#FUNCTIONS-ADMIN-GENFILE-TABLE" title="Table 9.88. Generic File Access Functions"><code class="function">pg_ls_dir()</code></a>,
<code class="function">pg_read_file()</code>,
<code class="function">pg_read_binary_file()</code>,
<code class="function">pg_stat_file()</code>.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Use <code class="command">GRANT</code>/<code class="command">REVOKE</code>
to control access to <a class="link" href="lo-interfaces.html#LO-IMPORT" title="35.3.2. Importing a Large Object"><code class="function">lo_import()</code></a>
and <code class="function">lo_export()</code> (Michael Paquier, Tom Lane)
</p><p>
Previously, only superusers were granted access to these functions.
</p><p>
The compile-time option <code class="literal">ALLOW_DANGEROUS_LO_FUNCTIONS</code>
has been removed.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Use view owner not session owner when
preventing non-password access to <a class="link" href="postgres-fdw.html" title="F.33. postgres_fdw"><code class="filename">postgres_fdw</code></a>
tables (Robert Haas)
</p><p>
<span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> only allows superusers to
access <code class="filename">postgres_fdw</code> tables without
passwords, e.g. via <code class="literal">peer</code>. Previously, the
session owner had to be a superuser to allow such access; now
the view owner is checked instead.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Fix invalid locking permission check in <code class="command">SELECT FOR
UPDATE</code> on views (Tom Lane)
</p></li></ul></div></div><div class="sect4" id="id-1.11.6.10.5.3.10"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h5 class="title">E.6.3.1.9. Server Configuration</h5></div></div></div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem"><p>
Add server setting <a class="link" href="runtime-config-connection.html#GUC-SSL-PASSPHRASE-COMMAND"><code class="varname">ssl_passphrase_command</code></a>
to allow supplying of the passphrase for <acronym class="acronym">SSL</acronym>
key files (Peter Eisentraut)
</p><p>
Also add <a class="link" href="runtime-config-connection.html#GUC-SSL-PASSPHRASE-COMMAND-SUPPORTS-RELOAD"><code class="varname">ssl_passphrase_command_supports_reload</code></a>
to specify whether the <acronym class="acronym">SSL</acronym> configuration
should be reloaded and <code class="varname">ssl_passphrase_command</code>
called during a server configuration reload.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Add storage parameter <a class="link" href="sql-createtable.html#SQL-CREATETABLE-STORAGE-PARAMETERS" title="Storage Parameters"><code class="varname">toast_tuple_target</code></a>
to control the minimum tuple length before <acronym class="acronym">TOAST</acronym>
storage will be considered (Simon Riggs)
</p><p>
The default <acronym class="acronym">TOAST</acronym> threshold has not been
changed.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Allow server options related to memory and file sizes to be
specified in units of bytes (Beena Emerson)
</p><p>
The new unit suffix is <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">B</span>”</span>. This is in addition to the
existing units <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">kB</span>”</span>, <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">MB</span>”</span>, <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">GB</span>”</span>
and <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">TB</span>”</span>.
</p></li></ul></div></div><div class="sect4" id="id-1.11.6.10.5.3.11"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h5 class="title">E.6.3.1.10. <a class="link" href="wal.html" title="Chapter 30. Reliability and the Write-Ahead Log">Write-Ahead Log</a> (<acronym class="acronym">WAL</acronym>)</h5></div></div></div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem"><p>
Allow the <acronym class="acronym">WAL</acronym> file size to be set
during <span class="application">initdb</span> (Beena Emerson)
</p><p>
Previously, the 16MB default could only be changed at compile time.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Retain <acronym class="acronym">WAL</acronym> data for only a single checkpoint
(Simon Riggs)
</p><p>
Previously, <acronym class="acronym">WAL</acronym> was retained for two checkpoints.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Fill the unused portion of force-switched <acronym class="acronym">WAL</acronym>
segment files with zeros for improved compressibility (Chapman
Flack)
</p></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="sect3" id="id-1.11.6.10.5.4"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">E.6.3.2. Base Backup and Streaming Replication</h4></div></div></div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem"><p>
Replicate <code class="command">TRUNCATE</code> activity when using logical
replication (Simon Riggs, Marco Nenciarini, Peter Eisentraut)
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Pass prepared transaction information to logical replication
subscribers (Nikhil Sontakke, Stas Kelvich)
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Exclude unlogged tables, temporary tables, and
<code class="filename">pg_internal.init</code> files from streaming base
backups (David Steele)
</p><p>
There is no need to copy such files.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Allow checksums of heap pages to be verified during streaming base
backup (Michael Banck)
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Allow replication slots to be advanced programmatically, rather
than be consumed by subscribers (Petr Jelinek)
</p><p>
This allows efficient advancement of replication slots when the
contents do not need to be consumed. This is performed by
<code class="function">pg_replication_slot_advance()</code>.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Add timeline information to the <a class="link" href="continuous-archiving.html#BACKUP-LOWLEVEL-BASE-BACKUP" title="25.3.3. Making a Base Backup Using the Low Level API"><code class="filename">backup_label</code></a>
file (Michael Paquier)
</p><p>
Also add a check that the <acronym class="acronym">WAL</acronym> timeline matches
the <code class="filename">backup_label</code> file's timeline.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Add host and port connection information to the
<code class="structname">pg_stat_wal_receiver</code> system view
(Haribabu Kommi)
</p></li></ul></div></div><div class="sect3" id="id-1.11.6.10.5.5"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">E.6.3.3. Utility Commands</h4></div></div></div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem"><p>
Allow <code class="command">ALTER TABLE</code> to add a column with
a non-null default without doing a table rewrite (Andrew Dunstan,
Serge Rielau)
</p><p>
This is enabled when the default value is a constant.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Allow views to be locked by locking the underlying tables
(Yugo Nagata)
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Allow <code class="command">ALTER INDEX</code> to set statistics-gathering
targets for expression indexes (Alexander Korotkov, Adrien Nayrat)
</p><p>
In <span class="application">psql</span>, <code class="literal">\d+</code> now shows
the statistics target for indexes.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Allow multiple tables to be specified in one
<code class="command">VACUUM</code> or <code class="command">ANALYZE</code> command
(Nathan Bossart)
</p><p>
Also, if any table mentioned in <code class="command">VACUUM</code> uses
a column list, then the <code class="command">ANALYZE</code> keyword must be
supplied; previously, <code class="command">ANALYZE</code> was implied in
such cases.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Add parenthesized options syntax to <code class="command">ANALYZE</code>
(Nathan Bossart)
</p><p>
This is similar to the syntax supported by
<code class="command">VACUUM</code>.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Add <code class="command">CREATE AGGREGATE</code> option to specify the
behavior of the aggregate's finalization function (Tom Lane)
</p><p>
This is helpful for allowing user-defined aggregate functions to be
optimized and to work as window functions.
</p></li></ul></div></div><div class="sect3" id="id-1.11.6.10.5.6"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">E.6.3.4. Data Types</h4></div></div></div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem"><p>
Allow the creation of arrays of domains (Tom Lane)
</p><p>
This also allows <code class="function">array_agg()</code> to be used
on domains.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Support domains over composite types (Tom Lane)
</p><p>
Also allow PL/Perl, PL/Python, and PL/Tcl to handle
composite-domain function arguments and results. Also improve
PL/Python domain handling.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Add casts from <code class="type">JSONB</code> scalars to numeric and boolean data
types (Anastasia Lubennikova)
</p></li></ul></div></div><div class="sect3" id="id-1.11.6.10.5.7"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">E.6.3.5. Functions</h4></div></div></div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem"><p>
Add all <a class="link" href="sql-select.html#SQL-WINDOW" title="WINDOW Clause">window function</a> framing
options specified by SQL:2011 (Oliver Ford, Tom Lane)
</p><p>
Specifically, allow <code class="literal">RANGE</code> mode to use
<code class="literal">PRECEDING</code> and <code class="literal">FOLLOWING</code> to
select rows having grouping values within plus or minus the
specified offset. Add <code class="literal">GROUPS</code> mode to include plus
or minus the number of peer groups. Frame exclusion syntax was also
added.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Add <acronym class="acronym">SHA-2</acronym> family of hash functions (Peter
Eisentraut)
</p><p>
Specifically, <a class="link" href="functions-binarystring.html#FUNCTIONS-BINARYSTRING-OTHER" title="Table 9.12. Other Binary String Functions"><code class="function">sha224()</code></a>,
<code class="function">sha256()</code>, <code class="function">sha384()</code>,
<code class="function">sha512()</code> were added.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Add support for 64-bit non-cryptographic hash functions (Robert
Haas, Amul Sul)
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Allow <code class="function">to_char()</code> and
<code class="function">to_timestamp()</code> to specify the time zone's
offset from <acronym class="acronym">UTC</acronym> in hours and minutes
(Nikita Glukhov, Andrew Dunstan)
</p><p>
This is done with format specifications <a class="link" href="functions-formatting.html#FUNCTIONS-FORMATTING-DATETIME-TABLE" title="Table 9.24. Template Patterns for Date/Time Formatting"><code class="literal">TZH</code></a>
and <code class="literal">TZM</code>.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Add text search function <a class="link" href="functions-textsearch.html#TEXTSEARCH-FUNCTIONS-TABLE" title="Table 9.41. Text Search Functions"><code class="function">websearch_to_tsquery()</code></a>
that supports a query syntax similar to that used by web search
engines (Victor Drobny, Dmitry Ivanov)
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Add functions <a class="link" href="functions-textsearch.html#TEXTSEARCH-FUNCTIONS-TABLE" title="Table 9.41. Text Search Functions"><code class="function">json(b)_to_tsvector()</code></a>
to create a text search query for matching
<code class="type">JSON</code>/<code class="type">JSONB</code> values (Dmitry Dolgov)
</p></li></ul></div></div><div class="sect3" id="id-1.11.6.10.5.8"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">E.6.3.6. Server-Side Languages</h4></div></div></div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem"><p>
Add SQL-level procedures, which can start and commit their own
transactions (Peter Eisentraut)
</p><p>
They are created with the new <a class="link" href="sql-createprocedure.html" title="CREATE PROCEDURE"><code class="command">CREATE
PROCEDURE</code></a> command and invoked via <a class="link" href="sql-call.html" title="CALL"><code class="command">CALL</code></a>.
</p><p>
The new <code class="command">ALTER</code>/<code class="command">DROP ROUTINE</code>
commands allow altering/dropping of all routine-like objects,
including procedures, functions, and aggregates.
</p><p>
Also, writing <code class="literal">FUNCTION</code> is now preferred
over writing <code class="literal">PROCEDURE</code> in <code class="command">CREATE
OPERATOR</code> and <code class="command">CREATE TRIGGER</code>, because the
referenced object must be a function not a procedure. However, the
old syntax is still accepted for compatibility.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Add transaction control to PL/pgSQL, PL/Perl, PL/Python, PL/Tcl,
and <acronym class="acronym">SPI</acronym> server-side languages (Peter Eisentraut)
</p><p>
Transaction control is only available within top-transaction-level
procedures and nested <code class="command">DO</code> and
<code class="command">CALL</code> blocks that only contain other
<code class="command">DO</code> and <code class="command">CALL</code> blocks.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Add the ability to define PL/pgSQL composite-type variables as not
null, constant, or with initial values (Tom Lane)
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Allow PL/pgSQL to handle changes to composite types (e.g. record,
row) that happen between the first and later function executions
in the same session (Tom Lane)
</p><p>
Previously, such circumstances generated errors.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Add extension <code class="filename">jsonb_plpython</code> to
transform <code class="type">JSONB</code> to/from PL/Python types (Anthony
Bykov)
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Add extension <code class="filename">jsonb_plperl</code> to transform
<code class="type">JSONB</code> to/from PL/Perl types (Anthony Bykov)
</p></li></ul></div></div><div class="sect3" id="id-1.11.6.10.5.9"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">E.6.3.7. Client Interfaces</h4></div></div></div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem"><p>
Change libpq to disable compression by default (Peter Eisentraut)
</p><p>
Compression is already disabled in modern OpenSSL versions, so that
the libpq setting had no effect with such libraries.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Add <code class="literal">DO CONTINUE</code> option
to <span class="application">ecpg</span>'s <code class="literal">WHENEVER</code>
statement (Vinayak Pokale)
</p><p>
This generates a C <code class="command">continue</code> statement, causing a
return to the top of the contained loop when the specified condition
occurs.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Add an <span class="application">ecpg</span> mode to enable Oracle
Pro*C-style handling of char arrays.
</p><p>
This mode is enabled with <code class="option">-C</code>.
</p></li></ul></div></div><div class="sect3" id="id-1.11.6.10.5.10"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">E.6.3.8. Client Applications</h4></div></div></div><div class="sect4" id="id-1.11.6.10.5.10.2"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h5 class="title">E.6.3.8.1. <a class="xref" href="app-psql.html" title="psql"><span class="refentrytitle"><span class="application">psql</span></span></a></h5></div></div></div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem"><p>
Add <span class="application">psql</span> command <code class="literal">\gdesc</code>
to display the names and types of the columns in a query result
(Pavel Stehule)
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Add <span class="application">psql</span> variables to report query
activity and errors (Fabien Coelho)
</p><p>
Specifically, the new variables are <code class="literal">ERROR</code>,
<code class="literal">SQLSTATE</code>, <code class="literal">ROW_COUNT</code>,
<code class="literal">LAST_ERROR_MESSAGE</code>, and
<code class="literal">LAST_ERROR_SQLSTATE</code>.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Allow <span class="application">psql</span> to test for the existence
of a variable (Fabien Coelho)
</p><p>
Specifically, the syntax <code class="literal">:{?variable_name}</code> allows
a variable's existence to be tested in an <code class="literal">\if</code>
statement.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Allow environment variable <code class="envar">PSQL_PAGER</code> to control
<span class="application">psql</span>'s pager (Pavel Stehule)
</p><p>
This allows <span class="application">psql</span>'s default pager to
be specified as a separate environment variable from the pager
for other applications. <code class="envar">PAGER</code> is still honored
if <code class="envar">PSQL_PAGER</code> is not set.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Make psql's <code class="literal">\d+</code> command always show the table's
partitioning information (Amit Langote, Ashutosh Bapat)
</p><p>
Previously, partition information would not be displayed for a
partitioned table if it had no partitions. Also indicate which
partitions are themselves partitioned.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Ensure that <span class="application">psql</span> reports the proper user
name when prompting for a password (Tom Lane)
</p><p>
Previously, combinations of <code class="option">-U</code> and a user name
embedded in a <acronym class="acronym">URI</acronym> caused incorrect reporting.
Also suppress the user name before the password prompt when
<code class="option">--password</code> is specified.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Allow <code class="command">quit</code> and <code class="command">exit</code> to
exit <span class="application">psql</span> when given with no prior input
(Bruce Momjian)
</p><p>
Also print hints about how to exit when <code class="command">quit</code> and
<code class="command">exit</code> are used alone on a line while the input
buffer is not empty. Add a similar hint for <code class="command">help</code>.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Make <span class="application">psql</span> hint at using control-D
when <code class="command">\q</code> is entered alone on a line but ignored
(Bruce Momjian)
</p><p>
For example, <code class="command">\q</code> does not exit when supplied
in character strings.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Improve tab completion for <code class="command">ALTER INDEX
RESET</code>/<code class="command">SET</code> (Masahiko Sawada)
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Add infrastructure to allow <span class="application">psql</span>
to adapt its tab completion queries based on the server version
(Tom Lane)
</p><p>
Previously, tab completion queries could fail against older servers.
</p></li></ul></div></div><div class="sect4" id="id-1.11.6.10.5.10.3"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h5 class="title">E.6.3.8.2. <a class="link" href="pgbench.html" title="pgbench"><span class="application">pgbench</span></a></h5></div></div></div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem"><p>
Add <span class="application">pgbench</span> expression support for
NULLs, booleans, and some functions and operators (Fabien Coelho)
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Add <code class="literal">\if</code> conditional support to
<span class="application">pgbench</span> (Fabien Coelho)
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Allow the use of non-<acronym class="acronym">ASCII</acronym> characters in
<span class="application">pgbench</span> variable names (Fabien Coelho)
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Add <span class="application">pgbench</span> option
<code class="option">--init-steps</code> to control the initialization steps
performed (Masahiko Sawada)
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Add an approximately Zipfian-distributed random generator to
<span class="application">pgbench</span> (Alik Khilazhev)
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Allow the random seed to be set in
<span class="application">pgbench</span> (Fabien Coelho)
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Allow <span class="application">pgbench</span> to do exponentiation
with <code class="function">pow()</code> and <code class="function">power()</code>
(Raúl Marín Rodríguez)
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Add hashing functions to <span class="application">pgbench</span>
(Ildar Musin)
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Make <span class="application">pgbench</span> statistics more
accurate when using <code class="option">--latency-limit</code> and
<code class="option">--rate</code> (Fabien Coelho)
</p></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="sect3" id="id-1.11.6.10.5.11"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">E.6.3.9. Server Applications</h4></div></div></div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem"><p>
Add an option to <a class="link" href="app-pgbasebackup.html" title="pg_basebackup"><span class="application">pg_basebackup</span></a>
that creates a named replication slot (Michael Banck)
</p><p>
The option <code class="option">--create-slot</code> creates
the named replication slot (<code class="option">--slot</code>)
when the <acronym class="acronym">WAL</acronym> streaming method
(<code class="option">--wal-method=stream</code>) is used.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Allow <a class="link" href="app-initdb.html" title="initdb"><span class="application">initdb</span></a>
to set group read access to the data directory (David Steele)
</p><p>
This is accomplished with the new initdb option
<code class="option">--allow-group-access</code>. Administrators
can also set group permissions on the empty data
directory before running initdb. Server variable <a class="link" href="runtime-config-file-locations.html#GUC-DATA-DIRECTORY"><code class="varname">data_directory_mode</code></a>
allows reading of data directory group permissions.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Add <a class="link" href="pgverifychecksums.html" title="pg_verify_checksums"><span class="application">pg_verify_checksums</span></a>
tool to verify database checksums while offline (Magnus Hagander)
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Allow <a class="link" href="app-pgresetwal.html" title="pg_resetwal"><span class="application">pg_resetwal</span></a>
to change the <acronym class="acronym">WAL</acronym> segment size via
<code class="option">--wal-segsize</code> (Nathan Bossart)
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Add long options to <span class="application">pg_resetwal</span>
and <span class="application">pg_controldata</span> (Nathan Bossart,
Peter Eisentraut)
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Add <a class="link" href="app-pgreceivewal.html" title="pg_receivewal"><span class="application">pg_receivewal</span></a>
option <code class="option">--no-sync</code> to prevent synchronous
<acronym class="acronym">WAL</acronym> writes, for testing (Michael Paquier)
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Add <span class="application">pg_receivewal</span> option
<code class="option">--endpos</code> to specify when <acronym class="acronym">WAL</acronym>
receiving should stop (Michael Paquier)
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Allow <a class="link" href="app-pg-ctl.html" title="pg_ctl"><span class="application">pg_ctl</span></a>
to send the <code class="literal">SIGKILL</code> signal to processes
(Andres Freund)
</p><p>
This was previously unsupported due to concerns over possible misuse.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Reduce the number of files copied by <a class="link" href="app-pgrewind.html" title="pg_rewind"><span class="application">pg_rewind</span></a>
(Michael Paquier)
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Prevent <span class="application">pg_rewind</span> from running as
<code class="literal">root</code> (Michael Paquier)
</p></li></ul></div><div class="sect4" id="id-1.11.6.10.5.11.3"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h5 class="title">E.6.3.9.1. <a class="link" href="app-pgdump.html" title="pg_dump"><span class="application">pg_dump</span></a>,
<a class="link" href="app-pg-dumpall.html" title="pg_dumpall"><span class="application">pg_dumpall</span></a>,
<a class="link" href="app-pgrestore.html" title="pg_restore"><span class="application">pg_restore</span></a></h5></div></div></div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem"><p>
Add <span class="application">pg_dumpall</span> option
<code class="option">--encoding</code> to control output encoding
(Michael Paquier)
</p><p>
<span class="application">pg_dump</span> already had this option.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Add <span class="application">pg_dump</span> option
<code class="option">--load-via-partition-root</code> to force loading of
data into the partition's root table, rather than the original
partition (Rushabh Lathia)
</p><p>
This is useful if the system to be loaded to has different collation
definitions or endianness, possibly requiring rows to be stored in
different partitions than previously.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Add an option to suppress dumping and restoring database object
comments (Robins Tharakan)
</p><p>
The new <span class="application">pg_dump</span>,
<span class="application">pg_dumpall</span>, and
<span class="application">pg_restore</span> option is
<code class="option">--no-comments</code>.
</p></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="sect3" id="id-1.11.6.10.5.12"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">E.6.3.10. Source Code</h4></div></div></div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem"><p>
Add <span class="application">PGXS</span> support for installing include
files (Andrew Gierth)
</p><p>
This supports creating extension modules that depend on other
modules. Formerly there was no easy way for the dependent module to
find the referenced one's include files. Several
existing <code class="filename">contrib</code> modules that define data types
have been adjusted to install relevant files. Also, PL/Perl and
PL/Python now install their include files, to support creation of
transform modules for those languages.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Install <code class="filename">errcodes.txt</code> to allow extensions to access
the list of error codes known to <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span>
(Thomas Munro)
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Convert documentation to DocBook <acronym class="acronym">XML</acronym> (Peter
Eisentraut, Alexander Lakhin, Jürgen Purtz)
</p><p>
The file names still use an <code class="filename">sgml</code> extension
for compatibility with back branches.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Use <code class="filename">stdbool.h</code> to define type <code class="type">bool</code>
on platforms where it's suitable, which is most (Peter Eisentraut)
</p><p>
This eliminates a coding hazard for extension modules that need
to include <code class="filename">stdbool.h</code>.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Overhaul the way that initial system catalog contents are defined
(John Naylor)
</p><p>
The initial data is now represented in Perl data structures, making
it much easier to manipulate mechanically.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Prevent extensions from creating custom server parameters that
take a quoted list of values (Tom Lane)
</p><p>
This cannot be supported at present because knowledge of the
parameter's property would be required even before the extension is
loaded.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Add ability to use channel binding when using <a class="link" href="auth-password.html" title="20.5. Password Authentication"><acronym class="acronym">SCRAM</acronym></a>
authentication (Michael Paquier)
</p><p>
Channel binding is intended to prevent man-in-the-middle attacks, but
<acronym class="acronym">SCRAM</acronym> cannot prevent them unless it can be forced
to be active. Unfortunately, there is no way to do that in libpq.
Support for it is expected in future versions of libpq and in
interfaces not built using libpq, e.g. JDBC.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Allow background workers to attach to databases that normally
disallow connections (Magnus Hagander)
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Add support for hardware <acronym class="acronym">CRC</acronym> calculations
on <span class="productname">ARMv8</span> (Yuqi Gu, Heikki Linnakangas,
Thomas Munro)
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Speed up lookups of built-in functions by OID (Andres Freund)
</p><p>
The previous binary search has been replaced by a lookup array.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Speed up construction of query results (Andres Freund)
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Improve speed of access to system caches (Andres Freund)
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Add a generational memory allocator which is optimized for serial
allocation/deallocation (Tomas Vondra)
</p><p>
This reduces memory usage for logical decoding.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Make the computation of
<code class="structname">pg_class</code>.<code class="structfield">reltuples</code>
by <code class="command">VACUUM</code> consistent with its computation
by <code class="command">ANALYZE</code> (Tomas Vondra)
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Update to use <span class="application">perltidy</span> version
<code class="literal">20170521</code> (Tom Lane, Peter Eisentraut)
</p></li></ul></div></div><div class="sect3" id="id-1.11.6.10.5.13"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">E.6.3.11. Additional Modules</h4></div></div></div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem"><p>
Allow extension <a class="link" href="pgprewarm.html" title="F.27. pg_prewarm"><code class="filename">pg_prewarm</code></a>
to restore the previous shared buffer contents on startup (Mithun
Cy, Robert Haas)
</p><p>
This is accomplished by having <code class="filename">pg_prewarm</code> store
the shared buffers' relation and block number data to disk
occasionally during server operation, and at shutdown.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Add <a class="link" href="pgtrgm.html" title="F.31. pg_trgm"><code class="filename">pg_trgm</code></a>
function <code class="function">strict_word_similarity()</code> to compute
the similarity of whole words (Alexander Korotkov)
</p><p>
The function <code class="function">word_similarity()</code> already
existed for this purpose, but it was designed to find similar
parts of words, while <code class="function">strict_word_similarity()</code>
computes the similarity to whole words.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Allow creation of indexes that can be used by <code class="literal">LIKE</code>
comparisons
on <a class="link" href="citext.html" title="F.8. citext"><code class="filename">citext</code></a> columns
(Alexey Chernyshov)
</p><p>
To do this, the index must be created using the
<code class="literal">citext_pattern_ops</code> operator class.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Allow <a class="link" href="btree-gin.html" title="F.6. btree_gin"><code class="filename">btree_gin</code></a>
to index <code class="type">bool</code>, <code class="type">bpchar</code>, <code class="type">name</code>
and <code class="type">uuid</code> data types (Matheus Oliveira)
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Allow <a class="link" href="cube.html" title="F.9. cube"><code class="filename">cube</code></a>
and <a class="link" href="seg.html" title="F.34. seg"><code class="filename">seg</code></a>
extensions to perform index-only scans using GiST indexes
(Andrey Borodin)
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Allow retrieval of negative cube coordinates using
the <code class="literal">~></code> operator (Alexander Korotkov)
</p><p>
This is useful for KNN-GiST searches when looking for coordinates in
descending order.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Add Vietnamese letter handling to the <a class="link" href="unaccent.html" title="F.43. unaccent"><code class="filename">unaccent</code></a>
extension (Dang Minh Huong, Michael Paquier)
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Enhance <a class="link" href="amcheck.html" title="F.2. amcheck"><code class="filename">amcheck</code></a>
to check that each heap tuple has an index entry (Peter Geoghegan)
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Have <a class="link" href="adminpack.html" title="F.1. adminpack"><code class="filename">adminpack</code></a>
use the new default file system access roles (Stephen Frost)
</p><p>
Previously, only superusers could call <code class="filename">adminpack</code>
functions; now role permissions are checked.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Widen <code class="structname">pg_stat_statement</code>'s query ID
to 64 bits (Robert Haas)
</p><p>
This greatly reduces the chance of query ID hash collisions.
The query ID can now potentially display as a negative value.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Remove the <code class="filename">contrib/start-scripts/osx</code> scripts
since they are no longer recommended
(use <code class="filename">contrib/start-scripts/macos</code> instead)
(Tom Lane)
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Remove the <code class="filename">chkpass</code> extension (Peter Eisentraut)
</p><p>
This extension is no longer considered to be a usable security tool
or example of how to write an extension.
</p></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="sect2" id="RELEASE-11-ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">E.6.4. Acknowledgments</h3></div></div></div><p>
The following individuals (in alphabetical order) have contributed to this
release as patch authors, committers, reviewers, testers, or reporters of
issues.
</p><table border="0" summary="Simple list" class="simplelist"><tr><td>Abhijit Menon-Sen</td></tr><tr><td>Adam Bielanski</td></tr><tr><td>Adam Brightwell</td></tr><tr><td>Adam Brusselback</td></tr><tr><td>Aditya Toshniwal</td></tr><tr><td>Adrián Escoms</td></tr><tr><td>Adrien Nayrat</td></tr><tr><td>Akos Vandra</td></tr><tr><td>Aleksander Alekseev</td></tr><tr><td>Aleksandr Parfenov</td></tr><tr><td>Alexander Korotkov</td></tr><tr><td>Alexander Kukushkin</td></tr><tr><td>Alexander Kuzmenkov</td></tr><tr><td>Alexander Lakhin</td></tr><tr><td>Alexandre Garcia</td></tr><tr><td>Alexey Bashtanov</td></tr><tr><td>Alexey Chernyshov</td></tr><tr><td>Alexey Kryuchkov</td></tr><tr><td>Alik Khilazhev</td></tr><tr><td>Álvaro Herrera</td></tr><tr><td>Amit Kapila</td></tr><tr><td>Amit Khandekar</td></tr><tr><td>Amit Langote</td></tr><tr><td>Amul Sul</td></tr><tr><td>Anastasia Lubennikova</td></tr><tr><td>Andreas Joseph Krogh</td></tr><tr><td>Andreas Karlsson</td></tr><tr><td>Andreas Seltenreich</td></tr><tr><td>André Hänsel</td></tr><tr><td>Andrei Gorita</td></tr><tr><td>Andres Freund</td></tr><tr><td>Andrew Dunstan</td></tr><tr><td>Andrew Fletcher</td></tr><tr><td>Andrew Gierth</td></tr><tr><td>Andrew Grossman</td></tr><tr><td>Andrew Krasichkov</td></tr><tr><td>Andrey Borodin</td></tr><tr><td>Andrey Lizenko</td></tr><tr><td>Andy Abelisto</td></tr><tr><td>Anthony Bykov</td></tr><tr><td>Antoine Scemama</td></tr><tr><td>Anton Dignös</td></tr><tr><td>Antonin Houska</td></tr><tr><td>Arseniy Sharoglazov</td></tr><tr><td>Arseny Sher</td></tr><tr><td>Arthur Zakirov</td></tr><tr><td>Ashutosh Bapat</td></tr><tr><td>Ashutosh Sharma</td></tr><tr><td>Ashwin Agrawal</td></tr><tr><td>Asim Praveen</td></tr><tr><td>Atsushi Torikoshi</td></tr><tr><td>Badrul Chowdhury</td></tr><tr><td>Balazs Szilfai</td></tr><tr><td>Basil Bourque</td></tr><tr><td>Beena Emerson</td></tr><tr><td>Ben Chobot</td></tr><tr><td>Benjamin Coutu</td></tr><tr><td>Bernd Helmle</td></tr><tr><td>Blaz Merela</td></tr><tr><td>Brad DeJong</td></tr><tr><td>Brent Dearth</td></tr><tr><td>Brian Cloutier</td></tr><tr><td>Bruce Momjian</td></tr><tr><td>Catalin Iacob</td></tr><tr><td>Chad Trabant</td></tr><tr><td>Chapman Flack</td></tr><tr><td>Christian Duta</td></tr><tr><td>Christian Ullrich</td></tr><tr><td>Christoph Berg</td></tr><tr><td>Christoph Dreis</td></tr><tr><td>Christophe Courtois</td></tr><tr><td>Christopher Jones</td></tr><tr><td>Claudio Freire</td></tr><tr><td>Clayton Salem</td></tr><tr><td>Craig Ringer</td></tr><tr><td>Dagfinn Ilmari Mannsåker</td></tr><tr><td>Dan Vianello</td></tr><tr><td>Dan Watson</td></tr><tr><td>Dang Minh Huong</td></tr><tr><td>Daniel Gustafsson</td></tr><tr><td>Daniel Vérité</td></tr><tr><td>Daniel Westermann</td></tr><tr><td>Daniel Wood</td></tr><tr><td>Darafei Praliaskouski</td></tr><tr><td>Dave Cramer</td></tr><tr><td>Dave Page</td></tr><tr><td>David Binderman</td></tr><tr><td>David Carlier</td></tr><tr><td>David Fetter</td></tr><tr><td>David G. Johnston</td></tr><tr><td>David Gould</td></tr><tr><td>David Hinkle</td></tr><tr><td>David Pereiro Lagares</td></tr><tr><td>David Rader</td></tr><tr><td>David Rowley</td></tr><tr><td>David Steele</td></tr><tr><td>Davy Machado</td></tr><tr><td>Dean Rasheed</td></tr><tr><td>Dian Fay</td></tr><tr><td>Dilip Kumar</td></tr><tr><td>Dmitriy Sarafannikov</td></tr><tr><td>Dmitry Dolgov</td></tr><tr><td>Dmitry Ivanov</td></tr><tr><td>Dmitry Shalashov</td></tr><tr><td>Don Seiler</td></tr><tr><td>Doug Doole</td></tr><tr><td>Doug Rady</td></tr><tr><td>Edmund Horner</td></tr><tr><td>Eiji Seki</td></tr><tr><td>Elvis Pranskevichus</td></tr><tr><td>Emre Hasegeli</td></tr><tr><td>Erik Rijkers</td></tr><tr><td>Erwin Brandstetter</td></tr><tr><td>Etsuro Fujita</td></tr><tr><td>Euler Taveira</td></tr><tr><td>Everaldo Canuto</td></tr><tr><td>Fabien Coelho</td></tr><tr><td>Fabrízio de Royes Mello</td></tr><tr><td>Feike Steenbergen</td></tr><tr><td>Frits Jalvingh</td></tr><tr><td>Fujii Masao</td></tr><tr><td>Gao Zengqi</td></tr><tr><td>Gianni Ciolli</td></tr><tr><td>Greg Stark</td></tr><tr><td>Gunnlaugur Thor Briem</td></tr><tr><td>Guo Xiang Tan</td></tr><tr><td>Hadi Moshayedi</td></tr><tr><td>Hailong Li</td></tr><tr><td>Haribabu Kommi</td></tr><tr><td>Heath Lord</td></tr><tr><td>Heikki Linnakangas</td></tr><tr><td>Hugo Mercier</td></tr><tr><td>Igor Korot</td></tr><tr><td>Igor Neyman</td></tr><tr><td>Ildar Musin</td></tr><tr><td>Ildus Kurbangaliev</td></tr><tr><td>Ioseph Kim</td></tr><tr><td>Jacob Champion</td></tr><tr><td>Jaime Casanova</td></tr><tr><td>Jakob Egger</td></tr><tr><td>Jean-Pierre Pelletier</td></tr><tr><td>Jeevan Chalke</td></tr><tr><td>Jeevan Ladhe</td></tr><tr><td>Jeff Davis</td></tr><tr><td>Jeff Janes</td></tr><tr><td>Jeremy Evans</td></tr><tr><td>Jeremy Finzel</td></tr><tr><td>Jeremy Schneider</td></tr><tr><td>Jesper Pedersen</td></tr><tr><td>Jim Nasby</td></tr><tr><td>Jimmy Yih</td></tr><tr><td>Jing Wang</td></tr><tr><td>Jobin Augustine</td></tr><tr><td>Joe Conway</td></tr><tr><td>John Gorman</td></tr><tr><td>John Naylor</td></tr><tr><td>Jon Nelson</td></tr><tr><td>Jon Wolski</td></tr><tr><td>Jonathan Allen</td></tr><tr><td>Jonathan S. Katz</td></tr><tr><td>Julien Rouhaud</td></tr><tr><td>Jürgen Purtz</td></tr><tr><td>Justin Pryzby</td></tr><tr><td>KaiGai Kohei</td></tr><tr><td>Kaiting Chen</td></tr><tr><td>Karl Lehenbauer</td></tr><tr><td>Keith Fiske</td></tr><tr><td>Kevin Bloch</td></tr><tr><td>Kha Nguyen</td></tr><tr><td>Kim Rose Carlsen</td></tr><tr><td>Konstantin Knizhnik</td></tr><tr><td>Kuntal Ghosh</td></tr><tr><td>Kyle Samson</td></tr><tr><td>Kyotaro Horiguchi</td></tr><tr><td>Lætitia Avrot</td></tr><tr><td>Lars Kanis</td></tr><tr><td>Laurenz Albe</td></tr><tr><td>Leonardo Cecchi</td></tr><tr><td>Liudmila Mantrova</td></tr><tr><td>Lixian Zou</td></tr><tr><td>Lloyd Albin</td></tr><tr><td>Luca Ferrari</td></tr><tr><td>Lucas Fairchild</td></tr><tr><td>Lukas Eder</td></tr><tr><td>Lukas Fittl</td></tr><tr><td>Magnus Hagander</td></tr><tr><td>Mai Peng</td></tr><tr><td>Maksim Milyutin</td></tr><tr><td>Maksym Boguk</td></tr><tr><td>Mansur Galiev</td></tr><tr><td>Marc Dilger</td></tr><tr><td>Marco Nenciarini</td></tr><tr><td>Marina Polyakova</td></tr><tr><td>Mario de Frutos Dieguez</td></tr><tr><td>Mark Cave-Ayland</td></tr><tr><td>Mark Dilger</td></tr><tr><td>Mark Wood</td></tr><tr><td>Marko Tiikkaja</td></tr><tr><td>Markus Winand</td></tr><tr><td>Martín Marqués</td></tr><tr><td>Masahiko Sawada</td></tr><tr><td>Matheus Oliveira</td></tr><tr><td>Matthew Stickney</td></tr><tr><td>Metin Doslu</td></tr><tr><td>Michael Banck</td></tr><tr><td>Michael Meskes</td></tr><tr><td>Michael Paquier</td></tr><tr><td>Michail Nikolaev</td></tr><tr><td>Mike Blackwell</td></tr><tr><td>Minh-Quan Tran</td></tr><tr><td>Mithun Cy</td></tr><tr><td>Morgan Owens</td></tr><tr><td>Nathan Bossart</td></tr><tr><td>Nathan Wagner</td></tr><tr><td>Neil Conway</td></tr><tr><td>Nick Barnes</td></tr><tr><td>Nicolas Thauvin</td></tr><tr><td>Nikhil Sontakke</td></tr><tr><td>Nikita Glukhov</td></tr><tr><td>Nikolay Shaplov</td></tr><tr><td>Noah Misch</td></tr><tr><td>Noriyoshi Shinoda</td></tr><tr><td>Oleg Bartunov</td></tr><tr><td>Oleg Samoilov</td></tr><tr><td>Oliver Ford</td></tr><tr><td>Pan Bian</td></tr><tr><td>Pascal Legrand</td></tr><tr><td>Patrick Hemmer</td></tr><tr><td>Patrick Krecker</td></tr><tr><td>Paul Bonaud</td></tr><tr><td>Paul Guo</td></tr><tr><td>Paul Ramsey</td></tr><tr><td>Pavan Deolasee</td></tr><tr><td>Pavan Maddamsetti</td></tr><tr><td>Pavel Golub</td></tr><tr><td>Pavel Stehule</td></tr><tr><td>Peter Eisentraut</td></tr><tr><td>Peter Geoghegan</td></tr><tr><td>Petr Jelínek</td></tr><tr><td>Petru-Florin Mihancea</td></tr><tr><td>Phil Florent</td></tr><tr><td>Philippe Beaudoin</td></tr><tr><td>Pierre Ducroquet</td></tr><tr><td>Piotr Stefaniak</td></tr><tr><td>Prabhat Sahu</td></tr><tr><td>Pu Qun</td></tr><tr><td>QL Zhuo</td></tr><tr><td>Rafia Sabih</td></tr><tr><td>Rahila Syed</td></tr><tr><td>Rainer Orth</td></tr><tr><td>Rajkumar Raghuwanshi</td></tr><tr><td>Raúl Marín Rodríguez</td></tr><tr><td>Regina Obe</td></tr><tr><td>Richard Yen</td></tr><tr><td>Robert Haas</td></tr><tr><td>Robins Tharakan</td></tr><tr><td>Rod Taylor</td></tr><tr><td>Rushabh Lathia</td></tr><tr><td>Ryan Murphy</td></tr><tr><td>Sahap Asci</td></tr><tr><td>Samuel Horwitz</td></tr><tr><td>Scott Ure</td></tr><tr><td>Sean Johnston</td></tr><tr><td>Shao Bret</td></tr><tr><td>Shay Rojansky</td></tr><tr><td>Shubham Barai</td></tr><tr><td>Simon Riggs</td></tr><tr><td>Simone Gotti</td></tr><tr><td>Sivasubramanian Ramasubramanian</td></tr><tr><td>Stas Kelvich</td></tr><tr><td>Stefan Kaltenbrunner</td></tr><tr><td>Stephen Froehlich</td></tr><tr><td>Stephen Frost</td></tr><tr><td>Steve Singer</td></tr><tr><td>Steven Winfield</td></tr><tr><td>Sven Kunze</td></tr><tr><td>Taiki Kondo</td></tr><tr><td>Takayuki Tsunakawa</td></tr><tr><td>Takeshi Ideriha</td></tr><tr><td>Tatsuo Ishii</td></tr><tr><td>Tatsuro Yamada</td></tr><tr><td>Teodor Sigaev</td></tr><tr><td>Thom Brown</td></tr><tr><td>Thomas Kellerer</td></tr><tr><td>Thomas Munro</td></tr><tr><td>Thomas Reiss</td></tr><tr><td>Tobias Bussmann</td></tr><tr><td>Todd A. Cook</td></tr><tr><td>Tom Kazimiers</td></tr><tr><td>Tom Lane</td></tr><tr><td>Tomas Vondra</td></tr><tr><td>Tomonari Katsumata</td></tr><tr><td>Torsten Grust</td></tr><tr><td>Tushar Ahuja</td></tr><tr><td>Vaishnavi Prabakaran</td></tr><tr><td>Vasundhar Boddapati</td></tr><tr><td>Victor Drobny</td></tr><tr><td>Victor Wagner</td></tr><tr><td>Victor Yegorov</td></tr><tr><td>Vik Fearing</td></tr><tr><td>Vinayak Pokale</td></tr><tr><td>Vincent Lachenal</td></tr><tr><td>Vitaliy Garnashevich</td></tr><tr><td>Vitaly Burovoy</td></tr><tr><td>Vladimir Baranoff</td></tr><tr><td>Xin Zhang</td></tr><tr><td>Yi Wen Wong</td></tr><tr><td>Yorick Peterse</td></tr><tr><td>Yugo Nagata</td></tr><tr><td>Yuqi Gu</td></tr><tr><td>Yura Sokolov</td></tr><tr><td>Yves Goergen</td></tr><tr><td>Zhou Digoal</td></tr></table></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr /><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="release-11-1.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="release.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="release-prior.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">E.5. 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