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<a name="sec-menubar-and-toolbar"></a>Menubar and Toolbar</h2></div></div></div>
<p>
Next you should create a <code class="classname">Gtk::Builder</code>. At this point is
also a good idea to tell the application to respond to keyboard shortcuts,
by using <code class="methodname">Gtk::Application::set_accel_for_action()</code>.
</p>
<p>For instance,
</p>
<pre class="programlisting">
Glib::RefPtr<Gtk::Builder> m_refBuilder = Gtk::Builder::create();
app->set_accel_for_action("example.new", "<Primary>n");
app->set_accel_for_action("example.quit", "<Primary>q");
app->set_accel_for_action("example.copy", "<Primary>c");
app->set_accel_for_action("example.paste", "<Primary>v");
</pre>
<p>
If your main window is derived from <code class="classname">ApplicationWindow</code> and
you instantiate your menubar with <code class="methodname">Gtk::Application::set_menubar()</code>,
then you don't have to call <code class="methodname">set_accel_for_action()</code>.
See <a class="link" href="sec-menus-examples.html#menu-example-main" title="Application Menu and Main Menu example">Application Menu and Main Menu example</a>
for an example.
</p>
<p>
Then, you can define the actual visible layout of the menus and toolbars, and
add the UI layout to the <code class="classname">Builder</code>. This "ui
string" uses an XML format, in which you should mention the names of the
actions that you have already created. For instance:
</p>
<pre class="programlisting">
const char* ui_info =
"<interface>"
" <menu id='menubar'>"
" <submenu>"
" <attribute name='label' translatable='yes'>_File</attribute>"
" <section>"
" <item>"
" <attribute name='label' translatable='yes'>_New</attribute>"
" <attribute name='action'>example.new</attribute>"
" <attribute name='accel'>&lt;Primary&gt;n</attribute>"
" </item>"
" </section>"
" <section>"
" <item>"
" <attribute name='label' translatable='yes'>_Quit</attribute>"
" <attribute name='action'>example.quit</attribute>"
" <attribute name='accel'>&lt;Primary&gt;q</attribute>"
" </item>"
" </section>"
" </submenu>"
" <submenu>"
" <attribute name='label' translatable='yes'>_Edit</attribute>"
" <item>"
" <attribute name='label' translatable='yes'>_Copy</attribute>"
" <attribute name='action'>example.copy</attribute>"
" <attribute name='accel'>&lt;Primary&gt;c</attribute>"
" </item>"
" <item>"
" <attribute name='label' translatable='yes'>_Paste</attribute>"
" <attribute name='action'>example.paste</attribute>"
" <attribute name='accel'>&lt;Primary&gt;v</attribute>"
" </item>"
" </submenu>"
" </menu>"
"</interface>";
m_refBuilder->add_from_string(ui_info);
m_refBuilder->add_from_resource("/toolbar/toolbar.glade");
</pre>
<p>This is where we specify the names of the menu items as they will be seen
by users in the menu. Therefore, this is where you should make strings
translatable, by adding <code class="literal">translatable='yes'</code>.
</p>
<p>
To instantiate a <code class="classname">Gtk::MenuBar</code> and
<code class="classname">Gtk::Toolbar</code> which you can actually show, you should use
the <code class="methodname">Builder::get_object()</code> and
<code class="methodname">Builder::get_widget()</code> methods, and then add the widgets
to a container. For instance:
</p>
<pre class="programlisting">
Glib::RefPtr<Glib::Object> object = m_refBuilder->get_object("menubar");
Glib::RefPtr<Gio::Menu> gmenu = Glib::RefPtr<Gio::Menu>::cast_dynamic(object);
Gtk::MenuBar* pMenuBar = Gtk::make_managed<Gtk::MenuBar>(gmenu);
m_Box.pack_start(*pMenuBar, Gtk::PACK_SHRINK);
Gtk::Toolbar* toolbar = nullptr;
m_refBuilder->get_widget("toolbar", toolbar);
m_Box.pack_start(*toolbar, Gtk::PACK_SHRINK);
</pre>
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