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<span class="target" id="module-PIL.ImageChops"></span><div class="section" id="imagechops-channel-operations-module">
<h1><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ImageChops</span></code> (“Channel Operations”) Module<a class="headerlink" href="#imagechops-channel-operations-module" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<p>The <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ImageChops</span></code> module contains a number of arithmetical image
operations, called channel operations (“chops”). These can be used for various
purposes, including special effects, image compositions, algorithmic painting,
and more.</p>
<p>For more pre-made operations, see <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ImageOps</span></code>.</p>
<p>At this time, most channel operations are only implemented for 8-bit images
(e.g. “L” and “RGB”).</p>
<div class="section" id="functions">
<h2>Functions<a class="headerlink" href="#functions" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Most channel operations take one or two image arguments and returns a new
image. Unless otherwise noted, the result of a channel operation is always
clipped to the range 0 to MAX (which is 255 for all modes supported by the
operations in this module).</p>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="PIL.ImageChops.add">
<code class="descclassname">PIL.ImageChops.</code><code class="descname">add</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>image1</em>, <em>image2</em>, <em>scale=1.0</em>, <em>offset=0</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="../_modules/PIL/ImageChops.html#add"><span class="viewcode-link">[source]</span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#PIL.ImageChops.add" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Adds two images, dividing the result by scale and adding the
offset. If omitted, scale defaults to 1.0, and offset to 0.0.
At least one of the images must have mode “1”.</p>
<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">out</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">((</span><span class="n">image1</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">image2</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="n">scale</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">offset</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><a class="reference internal" href="Image.html#PIL.Image.Image" title="PIL.Image.Image"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Image</span></code></a></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="PIL.ImageChops.add_modulo">
<code class="descclassname">PIL.ImageChops.</code><code class="descname">add_modulo</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>image1</em>, <em>image2</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="../_modules/PIL/ImageChops.html#add_modulo"><span class="viewcode-link">[source]</span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#PIL.ImageChops.add_modulo" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Add two images, without clipping the result. At least one of the images
must have mode “1”.</p>
<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">out</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">((</span><span class="n">image1</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">image2</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="n">MAX</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><a class="reference internal" href="Image.html#PIL.Image.Image" title="PIL.Image.Image"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Image</span></code></a></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="PIL.ImageChops.blend">
<code class="descclassname">PIL.ImageChops.</code><code class="descname">blend</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>image1</em>, <em>image2</em>, <em>alpha</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="../_modules/PIL/ImageChops.html#blend"><span class="viewcode-link">[source]</span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#PIL.ImageChops.blend" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Blend images using constant transparency weight. Alias for
<code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PIL.Image.Image.blend()</span></code>.</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
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<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><a class="reference internal" href="Image.html#PIL.Image.Image" title="PIL.Image.Image"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Image</span></code></a></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="PIL.ImageChops.composite">
<code class="descclassname">PIL.ImageChops.</code><code class="descname">composite</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>image1</em>, <em>image2</em>, <em>mask</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="../_modules/PIL/ImageChops.html#composite"><span class="viewcode-link">[source]</span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#PIL.ImageChops.composite" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Create composite using transparency mask. Alias for
<code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PIL.Image.Image.composite()</span></code>.</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><a class="reference internal" href="Image.html#PIL.Image.Image" title="PIL.Image.Image"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Image</span></code></a></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="PIL.ImageChops.constant">
<code class="descclassname">PIL.ImageChops.</code><code class="descname">constant</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>image</em>, <em>value</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="../_modules/PIL/ImageChops.html#constant"><span class="viewcode-link">[source]</span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#PIL.ImageChops.constant" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Fill a channel with a given grey level.</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><a class="reference internal" href="Image.html#PIL.Image.Image" title="PIL.Image.Image"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Image</span></code></a></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="PIL.ImageChops.darker">
<code class="descclassname">PIL.ImageChops.</code><code class="descname">darker</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>image1</em>, <em>image2</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="../_modules/PIL/ImageChops.html#darker"><span class="viewcode-link">[source]</span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#PIL.ImageChops.darker" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Compares the two images, pixel by pixel, and returns a new image containing
the darker values. At least one of the images must have mode “1”.</p>
<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">out</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">min</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">image1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">image2</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><a class="reference internal" href="Image.html#PIL.Image.Image" title="PIL.Image.Image"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Image</span></code></a></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="PIL.ImageChops.difference">
<code class="descclassname">PIL.ImageChops.</code><code class="descname">difference</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>image1</em>, <em>image2</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="../_modules/PIL/ImageChops.html#difference"><span class="viewcode-link">[source]</span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#PIL.ImageChops.difference" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Returns the absolute value of the pixel-by-pixel difference between the two
images. At least one of the images must have mode “1”.</p>
<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">out</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">abs</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">image1</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">image2</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><a class="reference internal" href="Image.html#PIL.Image.Image" title="PIL.Image.Image"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Image</span></code></a></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="PIL.ImageChops.duplicate">
<code class="descclassname">PIL.ImageChops.</code><code class="descname">duplicate</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>image</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="../_modules/PIL/ImageChops.html#duplicate"><span class="viewcode-link">[source]</span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#PIL.ImageChops.duplicate" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Copy a channel. Alias for <a class="reference internal" href="Image.html#PIL.Image.Image.copy" title="PIL.Image.Image.copy"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PIL.Image.Image.copy()</span></code></a>.</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><a class="reference internal" href="Image.html#PIL.Image.Image" title="PIL.Image.Image"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Image</span></code></a></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="PIL.ImageChops.invert">
<code class="descclassname">PIL.ImageChops.</code><code class="descname">invert</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>image</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="../_modules/PIL/ImageChops.html#invert"><span class="viewcode-link">[source]</span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#PIL.ImageChops.invert" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Invert an image (channel).</p>
<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">out</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">MAX</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">image</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><a class="reference internal" href="Image.html#PIL.Image.Image" title="PIL.Image.Image"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Image</span></code></a></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="PIL.ImageChops.lighter">
<code class="descclassname">PIL.ImageChops.</code><code class="descname">lighter</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>image1</em>, <em>image2</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="../_modules/PIL/ImageChops.html#lighter"><span class="viewcode-link">[source]</span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#PIL.ImageChops.lighter" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Compares the two images, pixel by pixel, and returns a new image containing
the lighter values. At least one of the images must have mode “1”.</p>
<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">out</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">max</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">image1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">image2</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><a class="reference internal" href="Image.html#PIL.Image.Image" title="PIL.Image.Image"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Image</span></code></a></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="PIL.ImageChops.logical_and">
<code class="descclassname">PIL.ImageChops.</code><code class="descname">logical_and</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>image1</em>, <em>image2</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="../_modules/PIL/ImageChops.html#logical_and"><span class="viewcode-link">[source]</span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#PIL.ImageChops.logical_and" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Logical AND between two images. At least one of the images must have
mode “1”.</p>
<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">out</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">((</span><span class="n">image1</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">image2</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="n">MAX</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><a class="reference internal" href="Image.html#PIL.Image.Image" title="PIL.Image.Image"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Image</span></code></a></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="PIL.ImageChops.logical_or">
<code class="descclassname">PIL.ImageChops.</code><code class="descname">logical_or</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>image1</em>, <em>image2</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="../_modules/PIL/ImageChops.html#logical_or"><span class="viewcode-link">[source]</span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#PIL.ImageChops.logical_or" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Logical OR between two images. At least one of the images must have
mode “1”.</p>
<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">out</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">((</span><span class="n">image1</span> <span class="ow">or</span> <span class="n">image2</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="n">MAX</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><a class="reference internal" href="Image.html#PIL.Image.Image" title="PIL.Image.Image"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Image</span></code></a></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="PIL.ImageChops.logical_xor">
<code class="descclassname">PIL.ImageChops.</code><code class="descname">logical_xor</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>image1</em>, <em>image2</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="../_modules/PIL/ImageChops.html#logical_xor"><span class="viewcode-link">[source]</span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#PIL.ImageChops.logical_xor" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Logical XOR between two images. At least one of the images must have
mode “1”.</p>
<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">out</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">((</span><span class="nb">bool</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">image1</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="nb">bool</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">image2</span><span class="p">))</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="n">MAX</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><a class="reference internal" href="Image.html#PIL.Image.Image" title="PIL.Image.Image"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Image</span></code></a></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="PIL.ImageChops.multiply">
<code class="descclassname">PIL.ImageChops.</code><code class="descname">multiply</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>image1</em>, <em>image2</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="../_modules/PIL/ImageChops.html#multiply"><span class="viewcode-link">[source]</span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#PIL.ImageChops.multiply" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Superimposes two images on top of each other.</p>
<p>If you multiply an image with a solid black image, the result is black. If
you multiply with a solid white image, the image is unaffected. At least
one of the images must have mode “1”.</p>
<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">out</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">image1</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">image2</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="n">MAX</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><a class="reference internal" href="Image.html#PIL.Image.Image" title="PIL.Image.Image"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Image</span></code></a></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="PIL.ImageChops.PIL.ImageChops.offset">
<code class="descclassname">PIL.ImageChops.</code><code class="descname">offset</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>image</em>, <em>xoffset</em>, <em>yoffset=None</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#PIL.ImageChops.PIL.ImageChops.offset" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Returns a copy of the image where data has been offset by the given
distances. Data wraps around the edges. If <strong>yoffset</strong> is omitted, it
is assumed to be equal to <strong>xoffset</strong>.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="PIL.ImageChops.screen">
<code class="descclassname">PIL.ImageChops.</code><code class="descname">screen</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>image1</em>, <em>image2</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="../_modules/PIL/ImageChops.html#screen"><span class="viewcode-link">[source]</span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#PIL.ImageChops.screen" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Superimposes two inverted images on top of each other. At least one of the
images must have mode “1”.</p>
<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">out</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">MAX</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="p">((</span><span class="n">MAX</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">image1</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">MAX</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">image2</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="n">MAX</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><a class="reference internal" href="Image.html#PIL.Image.Image" title="PIL.Image.Image"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Image</span></code></a></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="PIL.ImageChops.subtract">
<code class="descclassname">PIL.ImageChops.</code><code class="descname">subtract</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>image1</em>, <em>image2</em>, <em>scale=1.0</em>, <em>offset=0</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="../_modules/PIL/ImageChops.html#subtract"><span class="viewcode-link">[source]</span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#PIL.ImageChops.subtract" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Subtracts two images, dividing the result by scale and adding the offset.
If omitted, scale defaults to 1.0, and offset to 0.0. At least one of the
images must have mode “1”.</p>
<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">out</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">((</span><span class="n">image1</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">image2</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="n">scale</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">offset</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><a class="reference internal" href="Image.html#PIL.Image.Image" title="PIL.Image.Image"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Image</span></code></a></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="PIL.ImageChops.subtract_modulo">
<code class="descclassname">PIL.ImageChops.</code><code class="descname">subtract_modulo</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>image1</em>, <em>image2</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="../_modules/PIL/ImageChops.html#subtract_modulo"><span class="viewcode-link">[source]</span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#PIL.ImageChops.subtract_modulo" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Subtract two images, without clipping the result. At least one of the
images must have mode “1”.</p>
<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">out</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">((</span><span class="n">image1</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">image2</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="n">MAX</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><a class="reference internal" href="Image.html#PIL.Image.Image" title="PIL.Image.Image"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Image</span></code></a></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>
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