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  <div class="section" id="module-pymongo.client_session">
<span id="client-session-logical-sessions-for-sequential-operations"></span><h1><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">client_session</span></code> – Logical sessions for sequential operations<a class="headerlink" href="#module-pymongo.client_session" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<p>Logical sessions for ordering sequential operations.</p>
<p>Requires MongoDB 3.6.</p>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified">New in version 3.6.</span></p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="causally-consistent-reads">
<h2>Causally Consistent Reads<a class="headerlink" href="#causally-consistent-reads" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">with</span> <span class="n">client</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">start_session</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">causal_consistency</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">True</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">session</span><span class="p">:</span>
    <span class="n">collection</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">client</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">collection</span>
    <span class="n">collection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">update_one</span><span class="p">({</span><span class="s1">&#39;_id&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">},</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="s1">&#39;$set&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="s1">&#39;x&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">}},</span> <span class="n">session</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">session</span><span class="p">)</span>
    <span class="n">secondary_c</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">collection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">with_options</span><span class="p">(</span>
        <span class="n">read_preference</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">ReadPreference</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SECONDARY</span><span class="p">)</span>

    <span class="c1"># A secondary read waits for replication of the write.</span>
    <span class="n">secondary_c</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">find_one</span><span class="p">({</span><span class="s1">&#39;_id&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">},</span> <span class="n">session</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">session</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>If <cite>causal_consistency</cite> is True (the default), read operations that use
the session are causally after previous read and write operations. Using a
causally consistent session, an application can read its own writes and is
guaranteed monotonic reads, even when reading from replica set secondaries.</p>
<div class="admonition seealso">
<p class="first admonition-title">See also</p>
<p class="admonition-title">The MongoDB documentation on</p>
<p class="last"><a class="reference external" href="http://dochub.mongodb.org/core/causal-consistency" name="pymongo.client_session.ClientSession"><em>causal-consistency</em></a></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="transactions">
<span id="transactions-ref"></span><h2>Transactions<a class="headerlink" href="#transactions" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>MongoDB 4.0 adds support for transactions on replica set primaries. A
transaction is associated with a <a class="reference internal" href="#pymongo.client_session.ClientSession" title="pymongo.client_session.ClientSession"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ClientSession</span></code></a>. To start a transaction
on a session, use <a class="reference internal" href="#pymongo.client_session.ClientSession.start_transaction" title="pymongo.client_session.ClientSession.start_transaction"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ClientSession.start_transaction()</span></code></a> in a with-statement.
Then, execute an operation within the transaction by passing the session to the
operation:</p>
<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">orders</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">client</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">orders</span>
<span class="n">inventory</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">client</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">inventory</span>
<span class="k">with</span> <span class="n">client</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">start_session</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">session</span><span class="p">:</span>
    <span class="k">with</span> <span class="n">session</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">start_transaction</span><span class="p">():</span>
        <span class="n">orders</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">insert_one</span><span class="p">({</span><span class="s2">&quot;sku&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">&quot;abc123&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;qty&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">},</span> <span class="n">session</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">session</span><span class="p">)</span>
        <span class="n">inventory</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">update_one</span><span class="p">({</span><span class="s2">&quot;sku&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">&quot;abc123&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;qty&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="s2">&quot;$gte&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">}},</span>
                             <span class="p">{</span><span class="s2">&quot;$inc&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="s2">&quot;qty&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">}},</span> <span class="n">session</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">session</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Upon normal completion of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">with</span> <span class="pre">session.start_transaction()</span></code> block, the
transaction automatically calls <a class="reference internal" href="#pymongo.client_session.ClientSession.commit_transaction" title="pymongo.client_session.ClientSession.commit_transaction"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ClientSession.commit_transaction()</span></code></a>.
If the block exits with an exception, the transaction automatically calls
<a class="reference internal" href="#pymongo.client_session.ClientSession.abort_transaction" title="pymongo.client_session.ClientSession.abort_transaction"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ClientSession.abort_transaction()</span></code></a>.</p>
<p>For multi-document transactions, you can only specify read/write (CRUD)
operations on existing collections. For example, a multi-document transaction
cannot include a create or drop collection/index operations, including an
insert operation that would result in the creation of a new collection.</p>
<p>A session may only have a single active transaction at a time, multiple
transactions on the same session can be executed in sequence.</p>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified">New in version 3.7.</span></p>
</div>
<div class="admonition seealso">
<p class="first admonition-title">See also</p>
<p class="admonition-title">The MongoDB documentation on</p>
<p class="last"><a class="reference external" href="http://dochub.mongodb.org/core/transactions" name="pymongo.client_session.ClientSession"><em>transactions</em></a></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="classes">
<h2>Classes<a class="headerlink" href="#classes" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<dl class="class">
<dt id="pymongo.client_session.ClientSession">
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">pymongo.client_session.</code><code class="descname">ClientSession</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>client</em>, <em>server_session</em>, <em>options</em>, <em>authset</em>, <em>implicit</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#pymongo.client_session.ClientSession" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>A session for ordering sequential operations.</p>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="pymongo.client_session.ClientSession.abort_transaction">
<code class="descname">abort_transaction</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#pymongo.client_session.ClientSession.abort_transaction" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Abort a multi-statement transaction.</p>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified">New in version 3.7.</span></p>
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="method">
<dt id="pymongo.client_session.ClientSession.advance_cluster_time">
<code class="descname">advance_cluster_time</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>cluster_time</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#pymongo.client_session.ClientSession.advance_cluster_time" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Update the cluster time for this session.</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first last simple">
<li><cite>cluster_time</cite>: The
<a class="reference internal" href="#pymongo.client_session.ClientSession.cluster_time" title="pymongo.client_session.ClientSession.cluster_time"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">cluster_time</span></code></a> from
another <cite>ClientSession</cite> instance.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="method">
<dt id="pymongo.client_session.ClientSession.advance_operation_time">
<code class="descname">advance_operation_time</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>operation_time</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#pymongo.client_session.ClientSession.advance_operation_time" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Update the operation time for this session.</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first last simple">
<li><cite>operation_time</cite>: The
<a class="reference internal" href="#pymongo.client_session.ClientSession.operation_time" title="pymongo.client_session.ClientSession.operation_time"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">operation_time</span></code></a> from
another <cite>ClientSession</cite> instance.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="pymongo.client_session.ClientSession.client">
<code class="descname">client</code><a class="headerlink" href="#pymongo.client_session.ClientSession.client" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>The <a class="reference internal" href="mongo_client.html#pymongo.mongo_client.MongoClient" title="pymongo.mongo_client.MongoClient"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">MongoClient</span></code></a> this session was
created from.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="pymongo.client_session.ClientSession.cluster_time">
<code class="descname">cluster_time</code><a class="headerlink" href="#pymongo.client_session.ClientSession.cluster_time" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>The cluster time returned by the last operation executed
in this session.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="method">
<dt id="pymongo.client_session.ClientSession.commit_transaction">
<code class="descname">commit_transaction</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#pymongo.client_session.ClientSession.commit_transaction" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Commit a multi-statement transaction.</p>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified">New in version 3.7.</span></p>
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="method">
<dt id="pymongo.client_session.ClientSession.end_session">
<code class="descname">end_session</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#pymongo.client_session.ClientSession.end_session" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Finish this session. If a transaction has started, abort it.</p>
<p>It is an error to use the session after the session has ended.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="pymongo.client_session.ClientSession.has_ended">
<code class="descname">has_ended</code><a class="headerlink" href="#pymongo.client_session.ClientSession.has_ended" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>True if this session is finished.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="pymongo.client_session.ClientSession.operation_time">
<code class="descname">operation_time</code><a class="headerlink" href="#pymongo.client_session.ClientSession.operation_time" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>The operation time returned by the last operation executed
in this session.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="pymongo.client_session.ClientSession.options">
<code class="descname">options</code><a class="headerlink" href="#pymongo.client_session.ClientSession.options" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>The <a class="reference internal" href="#pymongo.client_session.SessionOptions" title="pymongo.client_session.SessionOptions"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SessionOptions</span></code></a> this session was created with.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="pymongo.client_session.ClientSession.session_id">
<code class="descname">session_id</code><a class="headerlink" href="#pymongo.client_session.ClientSession.session_id" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>A BSON document, the opaque server session identifier.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="method">
<dt id="pymongo.client_session.ClientSession.start_transaction">
<code class="descname">start_transaction</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>read_concern=None</em>, <em>write_concern=None</em>, <em>read_preference=None</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#pymongo.client_session.ClientSession.start_transaction" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Start a multi-statement transaction.</p>
<p>Takes the same arguments as <a class="reference internal" href="#pymongo.client_session.TransactionOptions" title="pymongo.client_session.TransactionOptions"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TransactionOptions</span></code></a>.</p>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified">New in version 3.7.</span></p>
</div>
</dd></dl>

</dd></dl>

<dl class="class">
<dt id="pymongo.client_session.SessionOptions">
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">pymongo.client_session.</code><code class="descname">SessionOptions</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>causal_consistency=True</em>, <em>default_transaction_options=None</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#pymongo.client_session.SessionOptions" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Options for a new <a class="reference internal" href="#pymongo.client_session.ClientSession" title="pymongo.client_session.ClientSession"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ClientSession</span></code></a>.</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first last simple">
<li><cite>causal_consistency</cite> (optional): If True (the default), read
operations are causally ordered within the session.</li>
<li><cite>default_transaction_options</cite> (optional): The default
TransactionOptions to use for transactions started on this session.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="pymongo.client_session.SessionOptions.causal_consistency">
<code class="descname">causal_consistency</code><a class="headerlink" href="#pymongo.client_session.SessionOptions.causal_consistency" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Whether causal consistency is configured.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="pymongo.client_session.SessionOptions.default_transaction_options">
<code class="descname">default_transaction_options</code><a class="headerlink" href="#pymongo.client_session.SessionOptions.default_transaction_options" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>The default TransactionOptions to use for transactions started on
this session.</p>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified">New in version 3.7.</span></p>
</div>
</dd></dl>

</dd></dl>

<dl class="class">
<dt id="pymongo.client_session.TransactionOptions">
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">pymongo.client_session.</code><code class="descname">TransactionOptions</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>read_concern=None</em>, <em>write_concern=None</em>, <em>read_preference=None</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#pymongo.client_session.TransactionOptions" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Options for <a class="reference internal" href="#pymongo.client_session.ClientSession.start_transaction" title="pymongo.client_session.ClientSession.start_transaction"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ClientSession.start_transaction()</span></code></a>.</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first last simple">
<li><cite>read_concern</cite>: The <a class="reference internal" href="read_concern.html#pymongo.read_concern.ReadConcern" title="pymongo.read_concern.ReadConcern"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ReadConcern</span></code></a> to use
for this transaction.</li>
<li><cite>write_concern</cite>: The <a class="reference internal" href="write_concern.html#pymongo.write_concern.WriteConcern" title="pymongo.write_concern.WriteConcern"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">WriteConcern</span></code></a> to
use for this transaction.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified">New in version 3.7.</span></p>
</div>
<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="pymongo.client_session.TransactionOptions.read_concern">
<code class="descname">read_concern</code><a class="headerlink" href="#pymongo.client_session.TransactionOptions.read_concern" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>This transaction’s <a class="reference internal" href="read_concern.html#pymongo.read_concern.ReadConcern" title="pymongo.read_concern.ReadConcern"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ReadConcern</span></code></a>.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="pymongo.client_session.TransactionOptions.read_preference">
<code class="descname">read_preference</code><a class="headerlink" href="#pymongo.client_session.TransactionOptions.read_preference" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>This transaction’s <a class="reference internal" href="read_preferences.html#pymongo.read_preferences.ReadPreference" title="pymongo.read_preferences.ReadPreference"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ReadPreference</span></code></a>.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="pymongo.client_session.TransactionOptions.write_concern">
<code class="descname">write_concern</code><a class="headerlink" href="#pymongo.client_session.TransactionOptions.write_concern" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>This transaction’s <a class="reference internal" href="write_concern.html#pymongo.write_concern.WriteConcern" title="pymongo.write_concern.WriteConcern"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">WriteConcern</span></code></a>.</p>
</dd></dl>

</dd></dl>

</div>
</div>


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  <h3><a href="../../index.html">Table of Contents</a></h3>
  <ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">client_session</span></code> – Logical sessions for sequential operations</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#causally-consistent-reads">Causally Consistent Reads</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#transactions">Transactions</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#classes">Classes</a></li>
</ul>
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