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<div class="document" id="graphicsmagick-supported-formats">
<h1 class="title">GraphicsMagick Supported Formats</h1>
<!-- -*- mode: rst -*- -->
<!-- This text is in reStucturedText format, so it may look a bit odd. -->
<!-- See http://docutils.sourceforge.net/rst.html for details. -->
<p>GraphicsMagick uses an ASCII string known as "magick" (e.g. "GIF") to
identify file formats, algorithms acting as formats, built-in images, and
embedded profile types. After a file has been read or "pinged", the
associated magick string is stored in the "magick" member of the Image
structure, and is reported in the default output of 'gm identify'.</p>
<p>GraphicsMagick supports reading over 88 major file formats (not including
sub-formats). The following table provides a summary of the supported
image formats.</p>
<table border="1" class="docutils">
<caption>Supported Image Formats</caption>
<colgroup>
<col width="14%" />
<col width="6%" />
<col width="28%" />
<col width="52%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr><td>Format</td>
<td>Mode</td>
<td>Description</td>
<td>Notes</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>ART</td>
<td>RW</td>
<td>PFS: 1st Publisher</td>
<td>Format originally used on the Macintosh
(MacPaint?) and later used for PFS: 1st
Publisher clip art.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>AVS</td>
<td>RW</td>
<td>AVS X image</td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr><td><a class="reference external" href="http://www.fileformat.info/format/bmp/egff.htm">BMP</a></td>
<td>RW</td>
<td>Microsoft Windows bitmap</td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr><td><a class="reference external" href="http://www.fileformat.info/format/cals/egff.htm">CALS</a></td>
<td>R</td>
<td>Continuous Acquisition
and Life-cycle Support
Type 1 image</td>
<td>Specified in MIL-R-28002 and MIL-PRF-28002.
Standard blueprint archive format as used by the
US military to replace microfiche.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><a class="reference external" href="motion-picture.html">CIN</a></td>
<td>R</td>
<td>Kodak Cineon</td>
<td>Kodak Cineon Log format (4.5 draft).
Precursor to SMPTE <a class="reference external" href="motion-picture.html">DPX</a></td>
</tr>
<tr><td><a class="reference external" href="http://www.fileformat.info/format/cgm/egff.htm">CGM</a></td>
<td>R</td>
<td>Computer Graphics
Metafile</td>
<td>Requires <a class="reference external" href="http://www.agocg.ac.uk/train/cgm/ralcgm.htm">ralcgm</a> to render CGM files.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>CMYK</td>
<td>RW</td>
<td>Raw cyan, magenta,
yellow, and black samples</td>
<td>Use -size, -depth, -endian, and -interlace to
specify the image width, height, depth, byte
order, and interlace.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>CUR</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>Microsoft Cursor Icon</td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr><td>CUT</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>DR Halo</td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr><td>DCM</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>Digital Imaging and
Communications in
Medicine (<a class="reference external" href="http://dicom.nema.org/">DICOM</a>) image</td>
<td>Used by the medical community for images like
X-rays. See the NEMA <a class="reference external" href="http://dicom.nema.org/">DICOM</a> web site for more
information. <a class="reference external" href="http://dicom.nema.org/">DICOM</a> is the basis for the
<a class="reference external" href="http://www.geinspectiontechnologies.com/en/products/software/diconde.html">DICONDE</a> format.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>DCX</td>
<td>RW</td>
<td>ZSoft IBM PC multi-page
Paintbrush image</td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr><td>DIB</td>
<td>RW</td>
<td>Microsoft Windows Device
Independent Bitmap</td>
<td>DIB is a BMP file without the BMP header. Used
to support embedded images in compound formats
like WMF.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><a class="reference external" href="motion-picture.html">DPX</a></td>
<td>RW</td>
<td>Digital Moving Picture
Exchange</td>
<td>RGB and grayscale are fully supported at 1, 8,
10, 12, and 16 bits as per the <a class="reference external" href="http://www.smpte.org/">SMPTE</a> 268M-2003
(V2.0) specification. This includes support for
images stored in a planar (multi-element)
configuration and Cineon Log RGB. Rec. 601 and
709 YCbCr are fully supported with 4:4:4 and
4:2:2 subsampling. <a class="reference external" href="motion-picture.html">DPX</a> is commonly used to
store image frames in film and HDTV production.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>EMF</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>Microsoft Enhanced
Metafile (32-bit)</td>
<td>Only available under Microsoft Windows.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>EPDF</td>
<td>RW</td>
<td>Encapsulated Portable
Document Format</td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr><td>EPI</td>
<td>RW</td>
<td>Adobe Encapsulated
PostScript Interchange
format</td>
<td>Requires <a class="reference external" href="http://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~ghost/">Ghostscript</a> to read.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>EPS</td>
<td>RW</td>
<td>Adobe Encapsulated
PostScript</td>
<td>Requires <a class="reference external" href="http://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~ghost/">Ghostscript</a> to read.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>EPS2</td>
<td>W</td>
<td>Adobe Level II
Encapsulated PostScript</td>
<td>Requires <a class="reference external" href="http://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~ghost/">Ghostscript</a> to read.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>EPS3</td>
<td>W</td>
<td>Adobe Level III
Encapsulated PostScript</td>
<td>Requires <a class="reference external" href="http://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~ghost/">Ghostscript</a> to read.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>EPSF</td>
<td>RW</td>
<td>Adobe Encapsulated
PostScript</td>
<td>Requires <a class="reference external" href="http://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~ghost/">Ghostscript</a> to read.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>EPSI</td>
<td>RW</td>
<td>Adobe Encapsulated
PostScript Interchange
format</td>
<td>Requires <a class="reference external" href="http://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~ghost/">Ghostscript</a> to read.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>EPT</td>
<td>RW</td>
<td>Adobe Encapsulated
PostScript Interchange
format with <a class="reference external" href="http://www.simplesystems.org/libtiff/">TIFF</a> preview</td>
<td>Requires <a class="reference external" href="http://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~ghost/">Ghostscript</a> to read.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>FAX</td>
<td>RW</td>
<td>Group 3 FAX</td>
<td>Note that FAX machines use non-square pixels
which are 1.5 times wider than they are tall but
computer displays use square pixels, so FAX
images may appear to be narrow unless they are
explicitly resized using a resize specification
of "150x100%". Please note that this is <em>not</em> a
<a class="reference external" href="http://www.simplesystems.org/libtiff/">TIFF</a> format.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>FIG</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>FIG graphics format</td>
<td>Requires TransFig.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><a class="reference external" href="http://www.cv.nrao.edu/fits/">FITS</a></td>
<td>RW</td>
<td>Flexible Image Transport
System</td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr><td>FPX</td>
<td>RW</td>
<td>FlashPix Format</td>
<td>Requires FlashPix SDK.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><a class="reference external" href="http://www.fileformat.info/format/gif/egff.htm">GIF</a></td>
<td>RW</td>
<td>CompuServe Graphics
Interchange Format</td>
<td><p class="first">8-bit RGB PseudoColor with up to 256 palette
entires. Specify the format "GIF87" to write the
older version 87a of the format.</p>
<p class="last">The PNG format provides a superior set of
features to GIF. Consider using PNG format
rather than GIF if clients are able to read PNG.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>GRAY</td>
<td>RW</td>
<td>Raw gray samples</td>
<td>Use -size, -depth, and -endian to specify the
image width, height, depth, and byte order.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>GRAYA</td>
<td>RW</td>
<td>Raw gray samples + alpha</td>
<td>Use -size, -depth, and -endian to specify the
image width, height, depth, and byte order.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>HPGL</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>HP-GL plotter language</td>
<td>Requires <a class="reference external" href="http://www.gnu.org/software/hp2xx/hp2xx.html">hp2xx</a> 3.2.0 or later</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>HTML</td>
<td>RW</td>
<td>Hypertext Markup Language
with a client-side image
map</td>
<td>Also known as "HTM". Requires html2ps to read.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>ICO</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>Microsoft icon</td>
<td>Also known as "ICON".</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><a class="reference external" href="http://www.jpeg.org/">JBIG</a></td>
<td>RW</td>
<td>Joint Bi-level Image
experts Group file
interchange format</td>
<td>Also known as "BIE" and "JBG". Requires
<a class="reference external" href="http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/jbigkit/">jbigkit</a> 1.0 or later</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><a class="reference external" href="http://www.libmng.com/">JNG</a></td>
<td>RW</td>
<td><a class="reference external" href="http://www.jpeg.org/">JPEG</a> Network Graphics</td>
<td><a class="reference external" href="http://www.jpeg.org/">JPEG</a> in a PNG-style wrapper with transparency.
Requires libjpeg and libpng-1.0.2 or later,
libpng-1.2.5 or later recommended.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>JP2</td>
<td>RW</td>
<td>JPEG-2000 JP2 File Format
Syntax</td>
<td>Requires <a class="reference external" href="http://www.ece.uvic.ca/~mdadams/jasper/">jasper</a> 1.600.0 or later</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>JPC</td>
<td>RW</td>
<td>JPEG-2000 Code Stream
Syntax</td>
<td>Requires <a class="reference external" href="http://www.ece.uvic.ca/~mdadams/jasper/">jasper</a> 1.600.0 or later</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><a class="reference external" href="http://www.jpeg.org/">JPEG</a></td>
<td>RW</td>
<td>Joint Photographic
Experts Group JFIF format</td>
<td>Requires jpegsrc.v6b.tar.gz</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>MAN</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>Unix reference manual
pages</td>
<td>Requires that GNU groff and Ghostcript are
installed.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>MAT</td>
<td>RW</td>
<td>MATLAB image format</td>
<td>Coming from <a class="reference external" href="http://www.mathworks.com/">MathWorks</a> for storing matrices.
Currently supported types are 2D matrices: byte,
word, double, complex and 3D matrices containing
RGB [x*y*3] byte, word.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><a class="reference external" href="miff.html">MIFF</a></td>
<td>RW</td>
<td>Magick image file format</td>
<td>ImageMagick's lossless image format (with
ASCII header) which ensures that no image
attributes understood by ImageMagick or
GraphicsMagick are lost.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>MONO</td>
<td>RW</td>
<td>Bi-level bitmap in
least-significant-byte
first order</td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr><td><a class="reference external" href="http://www.libmng.com/">MNG</a></td>
<td>RW</td>
<td>Multiple-image Network
Graphics</td>
<td>Requires libpng-1.0.2 or later, libpng-1.2.5 or
later recommended.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><a class="reference external" href="http://www.mpeg.org/">MPEG</a></td>
<td>RW</td>
<td>Motion Picture Experts
Group file interchange
format (version 1)</td>
<td>Requires mpeg2vidcodec_v12.tar.gz.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><a class="reference external" href="http://www.mpeg.org/">M2V</a></td>
<td>RW</td>
<td>Motion Picture Experts
Group file interchange
format (version 2)</td>
<td>Requires mpeg2vidcodec_v12.tar.gz.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>MPC</td>
<td>RW</td>
<td>Magick Persistent Cache
image file format</td>
<td><p class="first">The native "in-memory" GraphicsMagick
uncompressed file format. This file format is
identical to that used by Open ImageMagick to
represent images in memory and is read in "zero
time" via memory mapping. The MPC format is not
portable and is not suitable as an archive
format. It is suitable as an intermediate format
for high-performance image processing.</p>
<p class="last">The MPC format requires two files to support one
image. When writing the MPC format, a file with
extension ".mpc" is used to store information
about the image, while a file with extension
<tt class="docutils literal">.cache</tt> stores the image pixels. The storage
space required by a MPC image (or an image in
memory) may be calculated by the equation
(QuantumDepth*Rows*Columns*5)/8.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>MSL</td>
<td>RW</td>
<td>Magick Scripting Language</td>
<td>MSL is the XML-based scripting language
supported by the conjure utility.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><a class="reference external" href="http://www.fileformat.info/format/mtv/egff.htm">MTV</a></td>
<td>RW</td>
<td>MTV Raytracing image
format</td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr><td>MVG</td>
<td>RW</td>
<td>Magick Vector Graphics.</td>
<td>The native GraphicsMagick vector metafile
format. A text file containing vector drawing
commands accepted by <a class="reference external" href="convert.html">convert</a>'s -draw option.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>OTB</td>
<td>RW</td>
<td>On-the-air Bitmap</td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr><td>P7</td>
<td>RW</td>
<td>Xv's Visual Schnauzer
thumbnail format</td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr><td>PALM</td>
<td>RW</td>
<td>Palm pixmap</td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr><td><a class="reference external" href="http://netpbm.sourceforge.net/doc/pam.html">PAM</a></td>
<td>RW</td>
<td>Portable Arbitrary Map
format</td>
<td>Superset of PNM (PPM, PGM, PPM) raw type formats.
Supports bilevel, gray, RGB, CMYK, alpha channel.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><a class="reference external" href="http://www.fileformat.info/format/pbm/egff.htm">PBM</a></td>
<td>RW</td>
<td>Portable bitmap format
(black and white)</td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr><td>PCD</td>
<td>RW</td>
<td>Photo CD</td>
<td>The maximum resolution written is 768x512 pixels
since larger images require huffman compression
(which is not supported).</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>PCDS</td>
<td>RW</td>
<td>Photo CD</td>
<td>Decode with the sRGB color tables.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>PCL</td>
<td>W</td>
<td>HP Page Control Language</td>
<td>For output to HP laser printers.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><a class="reference external" href="http://www.fileformat.info/format/pcx/egff.htm">PCX</a></td>
<td>RW</td>
<td>ZSoft IBM PC Paintbrush
file</td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr><td>PDB</td>
<td>RW</td>
<td>Palm Database ImageViewer
Format</td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr><td>PDF</td>
<td>RW</td>
<td>Portable Document Format</td>
<td>Requires <a class="reference external" href="http://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~ghost/">Ghostscript</a> to read.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>PFA</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>Postscript Type 1 font
(ASCII)</td>
<td>Opening as file returns a preview image.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>PFB</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>Postscript Type 1 font
(binary)</td>
<td>Opening as file returns a preview image.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>PGM</td>
<td>RW</td>
<td>Portable graymap format
(gray scale)</td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr><td>PICON</td>
<td>RW</td>
<td>Personal Icon</td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr><td>PICT</td>
<td>RW</td>
<td>Apple Macintosh QuickDraw
/PICT file</td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr><td>PIX</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>Alias/Wavefront RLE image
format</td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr><td>PNG</td>
<td>RW</td>
<td>Portable Network Graphics</td>
<td>Requires libpng-1.0.2 or later, libpng-1.2.5 or
later recommended.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>PNM</td>
<td>RW</td>
<td>Portable anymap</td>
<td><p class="first">PNM is a family of formats supporting portable
bitmaps (PBM) , graymaps (PGM), and pixmaps
(PPM). There is no file format associated with
pnm itself. If PNM is used as the output format
specifier, then GraphicsMagick automatically
selects the most appropriate format to represent
the image.</p>
<p class="last">The default is to write the binary version of
the formats. Use '-quality 0' to write the
ASCII version of the formats.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>PPM</td>
<td>RW</td>
<td>Portable pixmap format
(color)</td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr><td>PS</td>
<td>RW</td>
<td>Adobe PostScript file</td>
<td>Requires <a class="reference external" href="http://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~ghost/">Ghostscript</a> to read.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>PS2</td>
<td>RW</td>
<td>Adobe Level II PostScript
file</td>
<td>Requires <a class="reference external" href="http://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~ghost/">Ghostscript</a> to read.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>PS3</td>
<td>RW</td>
<td>Adobe Level III
PostScript file</td>
<td>Requires <a class="reference external" href="http://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~ghost/">Ghostscript</a> to read.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>PSD</td>
<td>RW</td>
<td>Adobe Photoshop bitmap
file</td>
<td>PSD format is no longer supported since the
1.3.24 release.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>PTIF</td>
<td>RW</td>
<td>Pyramid encoded <a class="reference external" href="http://www.simplesystems.org/libtiff/">TIFF</a></td>
<td>Multi-resolution <a class="reference external" href="http://www.simplesystems.org/libtiff/">TIFF</a> containing successively
smaller versions of the image down to the size
of an icon. The desired sub-image size may be
specified when reading via the -size option.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><a class="reference external" href="http://www.photoworks.com/">PWP</a></td>
<td>R</td>
<td>Seattle File Works
multi-image file</td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr><td>RAS</td>
<td>R</td>
<td><a class="reference external" href="http://www.topol.cz/english/share/index.php3">TopoL</a> (GIS)</td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr><td>RAD</td>
<td>R</td>
<td><a class="reference external" href="http://radsite.lbl.gov/radiance/HOME.html">Radiance</a> image file</td>
<td>Requires that ra_ppm from the <a class="reference external" href="http://radsite.lbl.gov/radiance/HOME.html">Radiance</a> software
package be installed.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>RGB</td>
<td>RW</td>
<td>Raw red, green, and blue
samples</td>
<td>Use -size, -depth, -endian, and -interlace to
specify the image width, height, depth, byte
order, and interlace.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>RGBA</td>
<td>RW</td>
<td>Raw red, green, and blue
and matte samples</td>
<td>Use -size, -depth, -endian, and -interlace to
specify the image width, height, depth, byte
order, and interlace.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>RLA</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>Alias/Wavefront image
file</td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr><td>RLE</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>Utah Run length encoded
image file</td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr><td><a class="reference external" href="http://oreilly.com/www/centers/gff/formats/scitex/">SCT</a></td>
<td>R</td>
<td>Scitex Continuous Tone
Picture</td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr><td><a class="reference external" href="http://www.algonet.se/~cyren/sfw/">SFW</a></td>
<td>R</td>
<td>Seattle File Works image</td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr><td>SGI</td>
<td>RW</td>
<td>Irix RGB image</td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr><td>SHTML</td>
<td>W</td>
<td>Hypertext Markup Language
client-side image map</td>
<td>Used to write HTML clickable image maps based on
a the output of montage or a format which
supports tiled images such as <a class="reference external" href="miff.html">MIFF</a>.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>SUN</td>
<td>RW</td>
<td>SUN Rasterfile</td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr><td><a class="reference external" href="http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/">SVG</a></td>
<td>RW</td>
<td>Scalable Vector Graphics</td>
<td>Requires <a class="reference external" href="http://xmlsoft.org/">libxml2</a> and <a class="reference external" href="http://www.freetype.org/">freetype2</a>. Note that <a class="reference external" href="http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/">SVG</a>
is a very complex specification so support is
still not complete.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>TGA</td>
<td>RW</td>
<td>Truevision Targa image</td>
<td>Also known as formats "ICB", "VDA", and "VST".</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><a class="reference external" href="http://www.simplesystems.org/libtiff/">TIFF</a></td>
<td>RW</td>
<td>Tagged Image File Format</td>
<td>Also known as "TIF". Requires tiff-v3.5.4.tar.gz
or later. Note that since the Unisys LZW patent
recently expired, libtiff may still require a
separate LZW patch in order to support LZW. LZW
is included in libtiff by default since v3.7.0.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>TIM</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>PSX TIM file</td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr><td>TTF</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>TrueType font file</td>
<td>Requires <a class="reference external" href="http://www.freetype.org/">freetype2</a>. Opening as file returns a
preview image.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>TXT</td>
<td>RW</td>
<td>Raw text file</td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr><td>UIL</td>
<td>W</td>
<td>X-Motif UIL table</td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr><td>UYVY</td>
<td>RW</td>
<td>Interleaved YUV raw image</td>
<td>Use -size command line option to specify width
and height.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>VICAR</td>
<td>RW</td>
<td>VICAR rasterfile format</td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr><td><a class="reference external" href="http://www.fileformat.info/format/viff/egff.htm">VIFF</a></td>
<td>RW</td>
<td>Khoros Visualization
Image File Format</td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr><td><a class="reference external" href="http://www.openmobilealliance.org/Technical/wapindex.aspx">WBMP</a></td>
<td>RW</td>
<td>Wireless bitmap</td>
<td>Support for uncompressed monochrome only.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><a class="reference external" href="http://www.fileformat.info/format/wmf/egff.htm">WMF</a></td>
<td> </td>
<td>Windows Metafile</td>
<td>Requires libwmf. By default, renders WMF files
using the dimensions specified by the metafile
header. Use the -density option to adjust the
output resolution, and thereby adjust the ouput
size. The default output resolution is 72DPI so
"-density 144" results in an image twice as
large as the default. Use -background <a class="reference external" href="color.html">color</a> to
specify the WMF background color (default white)
or -texture filename to specify a background
texture image.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><a class="reference external" href="http://www.fileformat.info/format/wpg/egff.htm">WPG</a></td>
<td>R</td>
<td>Word Perfect Graphics
File</td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr><td><a class="reference external" href="http://www.fileformat.info/format/xbm/egff.htm">XBM</a></td>
<td>RW</td>
<td>X Windows system bitmap,
black and white only</td>
<td>Used by the X Windows System to store monochrome
icons.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>XCF</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>GIMP image</td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr><td><a class="reference external" href="http://www.fileformat.info/format/xpm/egff.htm">XPM</a></td>
<td>RW</td>
<td>X Windows system pixmap</td>
<td>Also known as "PM". Used by the X Windows System
to store color icons.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><a class="reference external" href="http://www.fileformat.info/format/xwd/egff.htm">XWD</a></td>
<td>RW</td>
<td>X Windows system window
dump</td>
<td>Used by the X Windows System to save/display
screen dumps.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>YUV</td>
<td>RW</td>
<td>CCIR 601 4:1:1</td>
<td>Use -size command line option to specify width
and height.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>GraphicsMagick supports a number of image format specifications which
refer to images prepared via an algorithm, or input/output targets. The
following table lists these pseudo image formats:</p>
<table border="1" class="docutils">
<caption>Pseudo Image Formats</caption>
<colgroup>
<col width="13%" />
<col width="6%" />
<col width="25%" />
<col width="56%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr><td>Tag</td>
<td>Mode</td>
<td>Description</td>
<td>Notes</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>CAPTION</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>Image caption</td>
<td>Draws text on a canvas image with size specified by <cite>-size</cite>
canvas color as specified by <cite>-background' (default white),
and text stroke and fill colors as specified by `-stroke</cite>
and <cite>-fill</cite>. Capable of supporting multi-line text.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>CLIPBOARD</td>
<td>RW</td>
<td>Windows Clipboard</td>
<td>Only available under Microsoft Windows.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>FRACTAL</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>Plasma fractal image</td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr><td>GRADIENT</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>Gradual passing from
one shade to another</td>
<td><p class="first">Returns a rendered gradient image using the
specified image size. Specify the desired
shading as part of the filename. For example:</p>
<blockquote class="last">
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">gradient:red-blue</span></tt> or <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">gradient:#F00-#00F</span></tt></blockquote>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>HISTOGRAM</td>
<td>W</td>
<td>Histogram of the image</td>
<td><p class="first">Generate an RGB histogram of the input image.
The output format is always ImageMagick <a class="reference external" href="miff.html">MIFF</a>
(regardless of file extension). For example:</p>
<blockquote class="last">
<tt class="docutils literal">gm convert file.tiff histogram:file.miff</tt></blockquote>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>IDENTITY</td>
<td>R</td>
<td><a class="reference external" href="http://www.quelsolaar.com/technology/clut.html">Hald CLUT</a> identity
image</td>
<td>Generate a Hald CLUT identity image of a specified order.
The order is specified as an argument like "IDENTITY:8".
The default order is eight, producing a 512x512 image.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>INFO</td>
<td>W</td>
<td>Image descriptive
information and
statistics</td>
<td>Writes descriptive information similar to 'identify'</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>LABEL</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>Text image format</td>
<td>Specify the desired text as the filename (e.g.
"label:This is a label").</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>MAP</td>
<td>RW</td>
<td>Colormap intensities
and indices</td>
<td>Set -depth to set the sample size of the
intensities; indices are 16-bit if colors >
256.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>MATTE</td>
<td>W</td>
<td>MATTE format</td>
<td>Write only.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>NULL</td>
<td>RW</td>
<td>NULL image</td>
<td>Useful for creating blank tiles with montage
(use "NULL:"). Also useful as an output format
when evaluating image read performance.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>PLASMA</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>Plasma fractal image</td>
<td><p class="first">Creates an image using the plasma fractal. For
example:</p>
<blockquote class="last">
<tt class="docutils literal">gm convert <span class="pre">-size</span> 640x480 plasma: file.miff</tt></blockquote>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>PREVIEW</td>
<td>W</td>
<td>Show a preview an image
enhancement, effect, or
f/x</td>
<td><p class="first">Creates a preview montage of images prepared
over a parameteric range in order to assist
with parameter selection. Specify the desired
preview type via the -preview option). The
output file is always written in the
ImageMagick <a class="reference external" href="miff.html">MIFF</a> format.</p>
<p>For example:</p>
<blockquote class="last">
<tt class="docutils literal">gm convert file.tiff <span class="pre">-preview</span> gamma preview:file.miff</tt></blockquote>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>PRINT</td>
<td>W</td>
<td>Send image to your
computer printer</td>
<td>Unix users may set the PRINTER (for 'lp') or
LPDEST (for 'lpr') environment variables to
select the desired printer.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>SCAN</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>Import image from a
scanner device</td>
<td>Requires <a class="reference external" href="http://www.mostang.com/sane/">SANE</a> Specify the device name and path
as the filename (e.g. "scan:mustek:/dev/scanner").</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>STEGANO</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>Steganographic image</td>
<td>Use -size command line option to specify width,
height, and offset of the steganographic image</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>TILE</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>Tiled image</td>
<td><p class="first">Create a tiled version of an image at by tiling
a image. Use -size to specify the tiled image
size. The image is specified similar to
"TILE:image.miff".
For example:</p>
<blockquote class="last">
<tt class="docutils literal">gm convert <span class="pre">-size</span> 800x600 tile:image.jpg out.jpg</tt></blockquote>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>VID</td>
<td>RW</td>
<td>Visual Image Directory</td>
<td><p class="first">Used to create a thumbnailed directory (tiled
thumbnails) of a set of images which may be
used to select images to view via the display
program, or saved to a <a class="reference external" href="miff.html">MIFF</a> or SHTML file.
For example:</p>
<blockquote class="last">
<tt class="docutils literal">gm convert <span class="pre">vid:"*.jpg"</span> index.miff</tt></blockquote>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>WIN</td>
<td>RW</td>
<td>Select image from or
display image to your
computer screen</td>
<td><p class="first">Only supported under Microsoft Windows. For example:</p>
<blockquote class="last">
<tt class="docutils literal">gm convert file.jpg <span class="pre">-rotate</span> 90 win:</tt></blockquote>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>X</td>
<td>RW</td>
<td>Select image from or
display image to your X
server screen</td>
<td><p class="first">Also see the import and display programs. For example:</p>
<blockquote class="last">
<tt class="docutils literal">gm convert file.jpg <span class="pre">-rotate</span> 90 x:</tt></blockquote>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>XC</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>Canvas image of
specified color</td>
<td><p class="first">Useful to create solid color "canvas" images.
Use -size and -depth to specify the image
width, height, and depth. Example XC color
specifications include "XC:red" and "XC:#
FF0000". See the <a class="reference external" href="color.html">color</a> reference for the
numeric values used for named colors. For example:</p>
<blockquote class="last">
<tt class="docutils literal">gm convert <span class="pre">-size</span> 640x480 xc:red red.jpg</tt></blockquote>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>GraphicsMagick includes a number of built-in (embedded) images which may
be referenced as if they were an image file. The <tt class="docutils literal">IMAGE:</tt> format tag may
be used via the syntax "IMAGE:name" to request an embedded image (e.g.
<tt class="docutils literal">IMAGE:LOGO</tt>). For backwards compatibility, the image specifications
<tt class="docutils literal">GRANITE:</tt>, <tt class="docutils literal">LOGO:</tt>, <tt class="docutils literal">NETSCAPE:</tt>, and <tt class="docutils literal">ROSE:</tt> may also be used to request
images with those names.</p>
<p>A new canvas image of a specified size may be created using one of these pattern
images using a command similar to:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
gm convert -size 640x480 PATTERN:BRICKS bricks.miff
</pre>
<p>The TILE: virtual image type may also be used similar to:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
gm convert -size 640x480 TILE:IMAGE:BRICKS bricks.miff
</pre>
<table border="1" class="docutils">
<caption>Built-In Images And Patterns</caption>
<colgroup>
<col width="22%" />
<col width="37%" />
<col width="41%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr><td>Name</td>
<td>Description</td>
<td>Notes/Sample</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>BRICKS</td>
<td>16x16 brick pattern</td>
<td><img alt="bricks" src="images/patterns/bricks.png" /></td>
</tr>
<tr><td>CHECKERBOARD</td>
<td>30x30 checkerboard pattern</td>
<td><img alt="checkerboard" src="images/patterns/checkerboard.png" /></td>
</tr>
<tr><td>CIRCLES</td>
<td>16x16 circles pattern</td>
<td><img alt="circles" src="images/patterns/circles.png" /></td>
</tr>
<tr><td>CROSSHATCH</td>
<td>8x4 crosshatch pattern</td>
<td><img alt="crosshatch" src="images/patterns/crosshatch.png" /></td>
</tr>
<tr><td>CROSSHATCH30</td>
<td>8x4 crosshatch pattern with lines
at 30 degrees.</td>
<td><img alt="crosshatch30" src="images/patterns/crosshatch30.png" /></td>
</tr>
<tr><td>CROSSHATCH45</td>
<td>8x4 crosshatch pattern with lines
at 45 degrees.</td>
<td><img alt="crosshatch45" src="images/patterns/crosshatch45.png" /></td>
</tr>
<tr><td>FISHSCALES</td>
<td>16x8 fish scales pattern</td>
<td><img alt="fishscales" src="images/patterns/fishscales.png" /></td>
</tr>
<tr><td>GRANITE</td>
<td>128x128 granite texture pattern</td>
<td><img alt="granite" src="images/patterns/granite.png" /></td>
</tr>
<tr><td>GRAY0</td>
<td>32x32 0% intensity gray</td>
<td><img alt="gray0" src="images/patterns/gray0.png" /></td>
</tr>
<tr><td>GRAY5</td>
<td>32x32 5% intensity gray</td>
<td><img alt="gray5" src="images/patterns/gray5.png" /></td>
</tr>
<tr><td>GRAY10</td>
<td>32x32 10% intensity gray</td>
<td><img alt="gray10" src="images/patterns/gray10.png" /></td>
</tr>
<tr><td>GRAY15</td>
<td>32x32 15% intensity gray</td>
<td><img alt="gray15" src="images/patterns/gray15.png" /></td>
</tr>
<tr><td>GRAY20</td>
<td>32x32 20% intensity gray</td>
<td><img alt="gray20" src="images/patterns/gray20.png" /></td>
</tr>
<tr><td>GRAY25</td>
<td>32x32 25% intensity gray</td>
<td><img alt="gray25" src="images/patterns/gray25.png" /></td>
</tr>
<tr><td>GRAY30</td>
<td>32x32 30% intensity gray</td>
<td><img alt="gray30" src="images/patterns/gray30.png" /></td>
</tr>
<tr><td>GRAY35</td>
<td>32x32 35% intensity gray</td>
<td><img alt="gray35" src="images/patterns/gray35.png" /></td>
</tr>
<tr><td>GRAY40</td>
<td>32x32 40% intensity gray</td>
<td><img alt="gray40" src="images/patterns/gray40.png" /></td>
</tr>
<tr><td>GRAY45</td>
<td>32x32 45% intensity gray</td>
<td><img alt="gray45" src="images/patterns/gray45.png" /></td>
</tr>
<tr><td>GRAY50</td>
<td>32x32 50% intensity gray</td>
<td><img alt="gray50" src="images/patterns/gray50.png" /></td>
</tr>
<tr><td>GRAY55</td>
<td>32x32 55% intensity gray</td>
<td><img alt="gray55" src="images/patterns/gray55.png" /></td>
</tr>
<tr><td>GRAY60</td>
<td>32x32 60% intensity gray</td>
<td><img alt="gray60" src="images/patterns/gray60.png" /></td>
</tr>
<tr><td>GRAY65</td>
<td>32x32 65% intensity gray</td>
<td><img alt="gray65" src="images/patterns/gray65.png" /></td>
</tr>
<tr><td>GRAY70</td>
<td>32x32 70% intensity gray</td>
<td><img alt="gray70" src="images/patterns/gray70.png" /></td>
</tr>
<tr><td>GRAY75</td>
<td>32x32 75% intensity gray</td>
<td><img alt="gray75" src="images/patterns/gray75.png" /></td>
</tr>
<tr><td>GRAY80</td>
<td>32x32 80% intensity gray</td>
<td><img alt="gray80" src="images/patterns/gray80.png" /></td>
</tr>
<tr><td>GRAY85</td>
<td>32x32 85% intensity gray</td>
<td><img alt="gray85" src="images/patterns/gray85.png" /></td>
</tr>
<tr><td>GRAY90</td>
<td>32x32 90% intensity gray</td>
<td><img alt="gray90" src="images/patterns/gray90.png" /></td>
</tr>
<tr><td>GRAY95</td>
<td>32x32 95% intensity gray</td>
<td><img alt="gray95" src="images/patterns/gray95.png" /></td>
</tr>
<tr><td>GRAY100</td>
<td>32x32 100% intensity gray</td>
<td><img alt="gray100" src="images/patterns/gray100.png" /></td>
</tr>
<tr><td>HEXAGONS</td>
<td>30x18 hexagon pattern</td>
<td><img alt="hexagons" src="images/patterns/hexagons.png" /></td>
</tr>
<tr><td>HORIZONTAL</td>
<td>8x4 horizontal line pattern</td>
<td><img alt="horizontal" src="images/patterns/horizontal.png" /></td>
</tr>
<tr><td>HORIZONTALSAW</td>
<td>16x8 horizontal saw-tooth pattern</td>
<td><img alt="horizontalsaw" src="images/patterns/horizontalsaw.png" /></td>
</tr>
<tr><td>HS_BDIAGONAL</td>
<td>8x8 backward diagonal line pattern
(45 degrees slope)</td>
<td><img alt="hs_bdiagonal" src="images/patterns/hs_bdiagonal.png" /></td>
</tr>
<tr><td>HS_CROSS</td>
<td>8x8 cross line pattern</td>
<td><img alt="hs_cross" src="images/patterns/hs_cross.png" /></td>
</tr>
<tr><td>HS_DIAGCROSS</td>
<td>8x8 diagonal line cross pattern
(45 degrees slope)</td>
<td><img alt="hs_diagcross" src="images/patterns/hs_diagcross.png" /></td>
</tr>
<tr><td>HS_FDIAGONAL</td>
<td>8x8 forward diagonal line pattern
(45 degrees slope)</td>
<td><img alt="hs_fdiagonal" src="images/patterns/hs_fdiagonal.png" /></td>
</tr>
<tr><td>HS_HORIZONTAL</td>
<td>8x8 horizontal line pattern</td>
<td><img alt="hs_horizontal" src="images/patterns/hs_horizontal.png" /></td>
</tr>
<tr><td>HS_VERTICAL</td>
<td>8x8 vertical line pattern</td>
<td><img alt="hs_vertical" src="images/patterns/hs_vertical.png" /></td>
</tr>
<tr><td>LEFT30</td>
<td>8x4 forward diagonal pattern (30
degrees slope)</td>
<td><img alt="left30" src="images/patterns/left30.png" /></td>
</tr>
<tr><td>LEFT45</td>
<td>8x8 forward diagonal line pattern
(45 degrees slope)</td>
<td><img alt="left45" src="images/patterns/left45.png" /></td>
</tr>
<tr><td>LEFTSHINGLE</td>
<td>24x24 left shingle pattern</td>
<td><img alt="leftshingle" src="images/patterns/leftshingle.png" /></td>
</tr>
<tr><td>LOGO</td>
<td>640x480, GraphicsMagick Logo</td>
<td><img alt="logo" src="images/gm-125x80t.png" /></td>
</tr>
<tr><td>NETSCAPE</td>
<td>216x144 image using colors in
Netscape 216 (6x6x6 ) color cube.</td>
<td>Most commonly used with the
<a class="reference external" href="convert.html">convert</a>/<a class="reference external" href="mogrify.html">mogrify</a> -map option to
create <em>web safe</em> images.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>OCTAGONS</td>
<td>16x16 octagons pattern</td>
<td><img alt="octagons" src="images/patterns/octagons.png" /></td>
</tr>
<tr><td>RIGHT30</td>
<td>8x4 backward diagonal line pattern
(30 degrees)</td>
<td><img alt="right30" src="images/patterns/right30.png" /></td>
</tr>
<tr><td>RIGHT45</td>
<td>8x8 backward diagonal line pattern
(30 degrees)</td>
<td><img alt="right45" src="images/patterns/right45.png" /></td>
</tr>
<tr><td>RIGHTSHINGLE</td>
<td>24x24 right shingle pattern</td>
<td><img alt="rightshingle" src="images/patterns/rightshingle.png" /></td>
</tr>
<tr><td>ROSE</td>
<td>70x46, Picture of a rose.</td>
<td><img alt="rose" src="images/patterns/rose.png" /></td>
</tr>
<tr><td>SMALLFISHSCALES</td>
<td>8x8 small fish scales pattern</td>
<td><img alt="smallfishscales" src="images/patterns/smallfishscales.png" /></td>
</tr>
<tr><td>VERTICAL</td>
<td>8x8 vertical line pattern</td>
<td><img alt="vertical" src="images/patterns/vertical.png" /></td>
</tr>
<tr><td>VERTICALBRICKS</td>
<td>16x16 vertical brick pattern</td>
<td><img alt="verticalbricks" src="images/patterns/verticalbricks.png" /></td>
</tr>
<tr><td>VERTICALLEFTSHINGLE</td>
<td>24x24 vertical left shingle
pattern</td>
<td><img alt="verticalleftshingle" src="images/patterns/verticalleftshingle.png" /></td>
</tr>
<tr><td>VERTICALRIGHTSHINGLE</td>
<td>24x24 vertical right shingle
pattern</td>
<td><img alt="verticalrightshingle" src="images/patterns/verticalrightshingle.png" /></td>
</tr>
<tr><td>VERTICALSAW</td>
<td>8x16 vertical saw-tooth pattern</td>
<td><img alt="verticalsaw" src="images/patterns/verticalsaw.png" /></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>GraphicsMagick provides a number of format identifiers which are used
to add, remove, and save embedded profiles for images which can
support embedded profiles. Image types which may contain embedded
profiles are <a class="reference external" href="http://www.simplesystems.org/libtiff/">TIFF</a>, <a class="reference external" href="http://www.jpeg.org/">JPEG</a>, PDF, and PNG.</p>
<table border="1" class="docutils">
<caption>Supported Embedded Profile Formats</caption>
<colgroup>
<col width="19%" />
<col width="6%" />
<col width="27%" />
<col width="48%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr><td>Format</td>
<td>Mode</td>
<td>Description</td>
<td>Notes</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>8BIM</td>
<td>RW</td>
<td>Photoshop resource format
(binary)</td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr><td>8BIMTEXT</td>
<td>RW</td>
<td>Photoshop resource format
(ASCII)</td>
<td>An ASCII representation of the 8BIM format.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>APP1</td>
<td>RW</td>
<td>Raw application
information</td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr><td>APP1JPEG</td>
<td>RW</td>
<td>Raw <a class="reference external" href="http://www.jpeg.org/">JPEG</a> binary data</td>
<td>Profile in <a class="reference external" href="http://www.jpeg.org/">JPEG</a> wrapper.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>ICC</td>
<td>RW</td>
<td>International Color
Consortium color profile</td>
<td>Also known as "ICM". To read, use -profile with
convert.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>IPTC</td>
<td>RW</td>
<td>IPTC Newsphoto (binary)</td>
<td>To read, use -profile with convert</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>IPTCTEXT</td>
<td>RW</td>
<td>IPTC Newsphoto (ASCII)</td>
<td>An ASCII representation of the IPTC format.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Support for some of the formats are delegated to libraries or external
programs. The README describes where to find these distributions and
any special configuration options required.</p>
<p>To get a complete listing of the image formats which are supported on
your system, type</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
gm convert -list format
</pre>
<p>On some platforms, GraphicsMagick automatically processes these
extensions: .gz for Zip compression, .Z for Unix compression, and .bz2
for block compression. For example, a PNM image called image.pnm.gz is
automatically uncompressed while the image is read.</p>
<hr class="docutils" />
<p>Copyright © GraphicsMagick Group 2002 - 2019</p>
</div>
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