<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>5.2. Default Values</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="pgsql-docs@lists.postgresql.org" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets Vsnapshot" /><link rel="prev" href="ddl-basics.html" title="5.1. Table Basics" /><link rel="next" href="ddl-constraints.html" title="5.3. Constraints" /></head><body><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center">5.2. Default Values</th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ddl-basics.html" title="5.1. Table Basics">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="ddl.html" title="Chapter 5. Data Definition">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter 5. Data Definition</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 11.5 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="ddl-constraints.html" title="5.3. Constraints">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></hr></div><div class="sect1" id="DDL-DEFAULT"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">5.2. Default Values</h2></div></div></div><a id="id-1.5.4.4.2" class="indexterm"></a><p>
A column can be assigned a default value. When a new row is
created and no values are specified for some of the columns, those
columns will be filled with their respective default values. A
data manipulation command can also request explicitly that a column
be set to its default value, without having to know what that value is.
(Details about data manipulation commands are in <a class="xref" href="dml.html" title="Chapter 6. Data Manipulation">Chapter 6</a>.)
</p><p>
<a id="id-1.5.4.4.4.1" class="indexterm"></a>
If no default value is declared explicitly, the default value is the
null value. This usually makes sense because a null value can
be considered to represent unknown data.
</p><p>
In a table definition, default values are listed after the column
data type. For example:
</p><pre class="programlisting">
CREATE TABLE products (
product_no integer,
name text,
price numeric <span class="emphasis"><strong>DEFAULT 9.99</strong></span>
);
</pre><p>
</p><p>
The default value can be an expression, which will be
evaluated whenever the default value is inserted
(<span class="emphasis"><em>not</em></span> when the table is created). A common example
is for a <code class="type">timestamp</code> column to have a default of <code class="literal">CURRENT_TIMESTAMP</code>,
so that it gets set to the time of row insertion. Another common
example is generating a <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">serial number</span>”</span> for each row.
In <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> this is typically done by
something like:
</p><pre class="programlisting">
CREATE TABLE products (
product_no integer <span class="emphasis"><strong>DEFAULT nextval('products_product_no_seq')</strong></span>,
...
);
</pre><p>
where the <code class="literal">nextval()</code> function supplies successive values
from a <em class="firstterm">sequence object</em> (see <a class="xref" href="functions-sequence.html" title="9.16. Sequence Manipulation Functions">Section 9.16</a>). This arrangement is sufficiently common
that there's a special shorthand for it:
</p><pre class="programlisting">
CREATE TABLE products (
product_no <span class="emphasis"><strong>SERIAL</strong></span>,
...
);
</pre><p>
The <code class="literal">SERIAL</code> shorthand is discussed further in <a class="xref" href="datatype-numeric.html#DATATYPE-SERIAL" title="8.1.4. Serial Types">Section 8.1.4</a>.
</p></div><div class="navfooter"><hr /><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ddl-basics.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="ddl.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="ddl-constraints.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">5.1. Table Basics </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> 5.3. Constraints</td></tr></table></div></body></html>
