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<span class="target" id="module-PIL.Image"></span><div class="section" id="image-module">
<h1><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Image</span></code> Module<a class="headerlink" href="#image-module" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<p>The <a class="reference internal" href="#module-PIL.Image" title="PIL.Image"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Image</span></code></a> module provides a class with the same name which is
used to represent a PIL image. The module also provides a number of factory
functions, including functions to load images from files, and to create new
images.</p>
<div class="section" id="examples">
<h2>Examples<a class="headerlink" href="#examples" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<div class="section" id="open-rotate-and-display-an-image-using-the-default-viewer">
<h3>Open, rotate, and display an image (using the default viewer)<a class="headerlink" href="#open-rotate-and-display-an-image-using-the-default-viewer" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<p>The following script loads an image, rotates it 45 degrees, and displays it
using an external viewer (usually xv on Unix, and the paint program on
Windows).</p>
<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">PIL</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">Image</span>
<span class="n">im</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Image</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">open</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"bride.jpg"</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">im</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">rotate</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">45</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">show</span><span class="p">()</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="create-thumbnails">
<h3>Create thumbnails<a class="headerlink" href="#create-thumbnails" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<p>The following script creates nice thumbnails of all JPEG images in the
current directory preserving aspect ratios with 128x128 max resolution.</p>
<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">PIL</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">Image</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">glob</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nn">os</span>
<span class="n">size</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">128</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">128</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">infile</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">glob</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">glob</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"*.jpg"</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="nb">file</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ext</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">os</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">path</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">splitext</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">infile</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">im</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Image</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">open</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">infile</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">im</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">thumbnail</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">im</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">save</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">file</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="s2">".thumbnail"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">"JPEG"</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="functions">
<h2>Functions<a class="headerlink" href="#functions" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="PIL.Image.open">
<code class="descclassname">PIL.Image.</code><code class="descname">open</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>fp</em>, <em>mode='r'</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="../_modules/PIL/Image.html#open"><span class="viewcode-link">[source]</span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#PIL.Image.open" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Opens and identifies the given image file.</p>
<p>This is a lazy operation; this function identifies the file, but
the file remains open and the actual image data is not read from
the file until you try to process the data (or call the
<a class="reference internal" href="#PIL.Image.Image.load" title="PIL.Image.Image.load"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">load()</span></code></a> method). See
<a class="reference internal" href="#PIL.Image.new" title="PIL.Image.new"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">new()</span></code></a>. See <a class="reference internal" href="open_files.html#file-handling"><span class="std std-ref">File Handling in Pillow</span></a>.</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>fp</strong> – A filename (string), pathlib.Path object or a file object.
The file object must implement <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">read()</span></code>,
<code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">seek()</span></code>, and <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tell()</span></code> methods,
and be opened in binary mode.</li>
<li><strong>mode</strong> – The mode. If given, this argument must be “r”.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">An <a class="reference internal" href="#PIL.Image.Image" title="PIL.Image.Image"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Image</span></code></a> object.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Raises:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last"><strong>IOError</strong> – If the file cannot be found, or the image cannot be
opened and identified.</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div class="admonition warning">
<p class="first admonition-title">Warning</p>
<p class="last">To protect against potential DOS attacks caused by “<a class="reference external" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zip_bomb">decompression bombs</a>” (i.e. malicious files
which decompress into a huge amount of data and are designed to crash or cause disruption by using up
a lot of memory), Pillow will issue a <cite>DecompressionBombWarning</cite> if the image is over a certain
limit. If desired, the warning can be turned into an error with
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">warnings.simplefilter('error',</span> <span class="pre">Image.DecompressionBombWarning)</span></code> or suppressed entirely with
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">warnings.simplefilter('ignore',</span> <span class="pre">Image.DecompressionBombWarning)</span></code>. See also <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/logging.html#integration-with-the-warnings-module">the logging
documentation</a> to have warnings output to the logging facility instead of stderr.</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<div class="section" id="image-processing">
<h3>Image processing<a class="headerlink" href="#image-processing" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="PIL.Image.alpha_composite">
<code class="descclassname">PIL.Image.</code><code class="descname">alpha_composite</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>im1</em>, <em>im2</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="../_modules/PIL/Image.html#alpha_composite"><span class="viewcode-link">[source]</span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#PIL.Image.alpha_composite" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Alpha composite im2 over im1.</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>im1</strong> – The first image. Must have mode RGBA.</li>
<li><strong>im2</strong> – The second image. Must have mode RGBA, and the same size as
the first image.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">An <a class="reference internal" href="#PIL.Image.Image" title="PIL.Image.Image"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Image</span></code></a> object.</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="PIL.Image.blend">
<code class="descclassname">PIL.Image.</code><code class="descname">blend</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>im1</em>, <em>im2</em>, <em>alpha</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="../_modules/PIL/Image.html#blend"><span class="viewcode-link">[source]</span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#PIL.Image.blend" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Creates a new image by interpolating between two input images, using
a constant alpha.:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">out</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">image1</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">1.0</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">alpha</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">image2</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">alpha</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>im1</strong> – The first image.</li>
<li><strong>im2</strong> – The second image. Must have the same mode and size as
the first image.</li>
<li><strong>alpha</strong> – The interpolation alpha factor. If alpha is 0.0, a
copy of the first image is returned. If alpha is 1.0, a copy of
the second image is returned. There are no restrictions on the
alpha value. If necessary, the result is clipped to fit into
the allowed output range.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">An <a class="reference internal" href="#PIL.Image.Image" title="PIL.Image.Image"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Image</span></code></a> object.</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="PIL.Image.composite">
<code class="descclassname">PIL.Image.</code><code class="descname">composite</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>image1</em>, <em>image2</em>, <em>mask</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="../_modules/PIL/Image.html#composite"><span class="viewcode-link">[source]</span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#PIL.Image.composite" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Create composite image by blending images using a transparency mask.</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first last simple">
<li><strong>image1</strong> – The first image.</li>
<li><strong>image2</strong> – The second image. Must have the same mode and
size as the first image.</li>
<li><strong>mask</strong> – A mask image. This image can have mode
“1”, “L”, or “RGBA”, and must have the same size as the
other two images.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="PIL.Image.eval">
<code class="descclassname">PIL.Image.</code><code class="descname">eval</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>image</em>, <em>*args</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="../_modules/PIL/Image.html#eval"><span class="viewcode-link">[source]</span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#PIL.Image.eval" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Applies the function (which should take one argument) to each pixel
in the given image. If the image has more than one band, the same
function is applied to each band. Note that the function is
evaluated once for each possible pixel value, so you cannot use
random components or other generators.</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>image</strong> – The input image.</li>
<li><strong>function</strong> – A function object, taking one integer argument.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">An <a class="reference internal" href="#PIL.Image.Image" title="PIL.Image.Image"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Image</span></code></a> object.</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="PIL.Image.merge">
<code class="descclassname">PIL.Image.</code><code class="descname">merge</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>mode</em>, <em>bands</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="../_modules/PIL/Image.html#merge"><span class="viewcode-link">[source]</span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#PIL.Image.merge" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Merge a set of single band images into a new multiband image.</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>mode</strong> – The mode to use for the output image. See:
<a class="reference internal" href="../handbook/concepts.html#concept-modes"><span class="std std-ref">Modes</span></a>.</li>
<li><strong>bands</strong> – A sequence containing one single-band image for
each band in the output image. All bands must have the
same size.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">An <a class="reference internal" href="#PIL.Image.Image" title="PIL.Image.Image"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Image</span></code></a> object.</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>
</div>
<div class="section" id="constructing-images">
<h3>Constructing images<a class="headerlink" href="#constructing-images" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="PIL.Image.new">
<code class="descclassname">PIL.Image.</code><code class="descname">new</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>mode</em>, <em>size</em>, <em>color=0</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="../_modules/PIL/Image.html#new"><span class="viewcode-link">[source]</span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#PIL.Image.new" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Creates a new image with the given mode and size.</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>mode</strong> – The mode to use for the new image. See:
<a class="reference internal" href="../handbook/concepts.html#concept-modes"><span class="std std-ref">Modes</span></a>.</li>
<li><strong>size</strong> – A 2-tuple, containing (width, height) in pixels.</li>
<li><strong>color</strong> – What color to use for the image. Default is black.
If given, this should be a single integer or floating point value
for single-band modes, and a tuple for multi-band modes (one value
per band). When creating RGB images, you can also use color
strings as supported by the ImageColor module. If the color is
None, the image is not initialised.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">An <a class="reference internal" href="#PIL.Image.Image" title="PIL.Image.Image"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Image</span></code></a> object.</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="PIL.Image.fromarray">
<code class="descclassname">PIL.Image.</code><code class="descname">fromarray</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>obj</em>, <em>mode=None</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="../_modules/PIL/Image.html#fromarray"><span class="viewcode-link">[source]</span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#PIL.Image.fromarray" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Creates an image memory from an object exporting the array interface
(using the buffer protocol).</p>
<p>If <strong>obj</strong> is not contiguous, then the tobytes method is called
and <a class="reference internal" href="#PIL.Image.frombuffer" title="PIL.Image.frombuffer"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">frombuffer()</span></code></a> is used.</p>
<p>If you have an image in NumPy:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">PIL</span> <span class="k">import</span> <span class="n">Image</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">numpy</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="nn">np</span>
<span class="n">im</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Image</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">open</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'hopper.jpg'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">a</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">asarray</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">im</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Then this can be used to convert it to a Pillow image:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">im</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Image</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fromarray</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>obj</strong> – Object with array interface</li>
<li><strong>mode</strong> – Mode to use (will be determined from type if None)
See: <a class="reference internal" href="../handbook/concepts.html#concept-modes"><span class="std std-ref">Modes</span></a>.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">An image object.</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified">New in version 1.1.6.</span></p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="PIL.Image.frombytes">
<code class="descclassname">PIL.Image.</code><code class="descname">frombytes</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>mode</em>, <em>size</em>, <em>data</em>, <em>decoder_name='raw'</em>, <em>*args</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="../_modules/PIL/Image.html#frombytes"><span class="viewcode-link">[source]</span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#PIL.Image.frombytes" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Creates a copy of an image memory from pixel data in a buffer.</p>
<p>In its simplest form, this function takes three arguments
(mode, size, and unpacked pixel data).</p>
<p>You can also use any pixel decoder supported by PIL. For more
information on available decoders, see the section
<a class="reference internal" href="../handbook/writing-your-own-file-decoder.html#file-decoders"><span class="std std-ref">Writing Your Own File Decoder</span></a>.</p>
<p>Note that this function decodes pixel data only, not entire images.
If you have an entire image in a string, wrap it in a
<code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">BytesIO</span></code> object, and use <a class="reference internal" href="#PIL.Image.open" title="PIL.Image.open"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">open()</span></code></a> to load
it.</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>mode</strong> – The image mode. See: <a class="reference internal" href="../handbook/concepts.html#concept-modes"><span class="std std-ref">Modes</span></a>.</li>
<li><strong>size</strong> – The image size.</li>
<li><strong>data</strong> – A byte buffer containing raw data for the given mode.</li>
<li><strong>decoder_name</strong> – What decoder to use.</li>
<li><strong>args</strong> – Additional parameters for the given decoder.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">An <a class="reference internal" href="#PIL.Image.Image" title="PIL.Image.Image"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Image</span></code></a> object.</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="PIL.Image.fromstring">
<code class="descclassname">PIL.Image.</code><code class="descname">fromstring</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>*args</em>, <em>**kw</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="../_modules/PIL/Image.html#fromstring"><span class="viewcode-link">[source]</span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#PIL.Image.fromstring" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd></dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="PIL.Image.frombuffer">
<code class="descclassname">PIL.Image.</code><code class="descname">frombuffer</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>mode</em>, <em>size</em>, <em>data</em>, <em>decoder_name='raw'</em>, <em>*args</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="../_modules/PIL/Image.html#frombuffer"><span class="viewcode-link">[source]</span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#PIL.Image.frombuffer" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Creates an image memory referencing pixel data in a byte buffer.</p>
<p>This function is similar to <a class="reference internal" href="#PIL.Image.frombytes" title="PIL.Image.frombytes"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">frombytes()</span></code></a>, but uses data
in the byte buffer, where possible. This means that changes to the
original buffer object are reflected in this image). Not all modes can
share memory; supported modes include “L”, “RGBX”, “RGBA”, and “CMYK”.</p>
<p>Note that this function decodes pixel data only, not entire images.
If you have an entire image file in a string, wrap it in a
<strong>BytesIO</strong> object, and use <a class="reference internal" href="#PIL.Image.open" title="PIL.Image.open"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">open()</span></code></a> to load it.</p>
<p>In the current version, the default parameters used for the “raw” decoder
differs from that used for <a class="reference internal" href="#PIL.Image.frombytes" title="PIL.Image.frombytes"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">frombytes()</span></code></a>. This is a
bug, and will probably be fixed in a future release. The current release
issues a warning if you do this; to disable the warning, you should provide
the full set of parameters. See below for details.</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>mode</strong> – The image mode. See: <a class="reference internal" href="../handbook/concepts.html#concept-modes"><span class="std std-ref">Modes</span></a>.</li>
<li><strong>size</strong> – The image size.</li>
<li><strong>data</strong> – A bytes or other buffer object containing raw
data for the given mode.</li>
<li><strong>decoder_name</strong> – What decoder to use.</li>
<li><strong>args</strong> – <p>Additional parameters for the given decoder. For the
default encoder (“raw”), it’s recommended that you provide the
full set of parameters:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">frombuffer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">mode</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">size</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">data</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">"raw"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">mode</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">An <a class="reference internal" href="#PIL.Image.Image" title="PIL.Image.Image"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Image</span></code></a> object.</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified">New in version 1.1.4.</span></p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
</div>
<div class="section" id="registering-plugins">
<h3>Registering plugins<a class="headerlink" href="#registering-plugins" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">These functions are for use by plugin authors. Application authors can
ignore them.</p>
</div>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="PIL.Image.register_open">
<code class="descclassname">PIL.Image.</code><code class="descname">register_open</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>id</em>, <em>factory</em>, <em>accept=None</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="../_modules/PIL/Image.html#register_open"><span class="viewcode-link">[source]</span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#PIL.Image.register_open" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Register an image file plugin. This function should not be used
in application code.</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first last simple">
<li><strong>id</strong> – An image format identifier.</li>
<li><strong>factory</strong> – An image file factory method.</li>
<li><strong>accept</strong> – An optional function that can be used to quickly
reject images having another format.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="PIL.Image.register_decoder">
<code class="descclassname">PIL.Image.</code><code class="descname">register_decoder</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>name</em>, <em>decoder</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="../_modules/PIL/Image.html#register_decoder"><span class="viewcode-link">[source]</span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#PIL.Image.register_decoder" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Registers an image decoder. This function should not be
used in application code.</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first last simple">
<li><strong>name</strong> – The name of the decoder</li>
<li><strong>decoder</strong> – A callable(mode, args) that returns an
ImageFile.PyDecoder object</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified">New in version 4.1.0.</span></p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="PIL.Image.register_mime">
<code class="descclassname">PIL.Image.</code><code class="descname">register_mime</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>id</em>, <em>mimetype</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="../_modules/PIL/Image.html#register_mime"><span class="viewcode-link">[source]</span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#PIL.Image.register_mime" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Registers an image MIME type. This function should not be used
in application code.</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first last simple">
<li><strong>id</strong> – An image format identifier.</li>
<li><strong>mimetype</strong> – The image MIME type for this format.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="PIL.Image.register_save">
<code class="descclassname">PIL.Image.</code><code class="descname">register_save</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>id</em>, <em>driver</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="../_modules/PIL/Image.html#register_save"><span class="viewcode-link">[source]</span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#PIL.Image.register_save" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Registers an image save function. This function should not be
used in application code.</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first last simple">
<li><strong>id</strong> – An image format identifier.</li>
<li><strong>driver</strong> – A function to save images in this format.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="PIL.Image.register_encoder">
<code class="descclassname">PIL.Image.</code><code class="descname">register_encoder</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>name</em>, <em>encoder</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="../_modules/PIL/Image.html#register_encoder"><span class="viewcode-link">[source]</span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#PIL.Image.register_encoder" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Registers an image encoder. This function should not be
used in application code.</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first last simple">
<li><strong>name</strong> – The name of the encoder</li>
<li><strong>encoder</strong> – A callable(mode, args) that returns an
ImageFile.PyEncoder object</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified">New in version 4.1.0.</span></p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="PIL.Image.register_extension">
<code class="descclassname">PIL.Image.</code><code class="descname">register_extension</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>id</em>, <em>extension</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="../_modules/PIL/Image.html#register_extension"><span class="viewcode-link">[source]</span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#PIL.Image.register_extension" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Registers an image extension. This function should not be
used in application code.</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first last simple">
<li><strong>id</strong> – An image format identifier.</li>
<li><strong>extension</strong> – An extension used for this format.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="the-image-class">
<h2>The Image Class<a class="headerlink" href="#the-image-class" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<dl class="class">
<dt id="PIL.Image.Image">
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">PIL.Image.</code><code class="descname">Image</code><a class="reference internal" href="../_modules/PIL/Image.html#Image"><span class="viewcode-link">[source]</span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#PIL.Image.Image" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>This class represents an image object. To create
<a class="reference internal" href="#PIL.Image.Image" title="PIL.Image.Image"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Image</span></code></a> objects, use the appropriate factory
functions. There’s hardly ever any reason to call the Image constructor
directly.</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#PIL.Image.open" title="PIL.Image.open"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">open()</span></code></a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#PIL.Image.new" title="PIL.Image.new"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">new()</span></code></a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#PIL.Image.frombytes" title="PIL.Image.frombytes"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">frombytes()</span></code></a></li>
</ul>
</dd></dl>
<p>An instance of the <a class="reference internal" href="#PIL.Image.Image" title="PIL.Image.Image"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Image</span></code></a> class has the following
methods. Unless otherwise stated, all methods return a new instance of the
<a class="reference internal" href="#PIL.Image.Image" title="PIL.Image.Image"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Image</span></code></a> class, holding the resulting image.</p>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="PIL.Image.Image.alpha_composite">
<code class="descclassname">Image.</code><code class="descname">alpha_composite</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>im</em>, <em>dest=(0</em>, <em>0)</em>, <em>source=(0</em>, <em>0)</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="../_modules/PIL/Image.html#Image.alpha_composite"><span class="viewcode-link">[source]</span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#PIL.Image.Image.alpha_composite" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>‘In-place’ analog of Image.alpha_composite. Composites an image
onto this image.</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first last simple">
<li><strong>im</strong> – image to composite over this one</li>
<li><strong>dest</strong> – Optional 2 tuple (left, top) specifying the upper
left corner in this (destination) image.</li>
<li><strong>source</strong> – Optional 2 (left, top) tuple for the upper left
corner in the overlay source image, or 4 tuple (left, top, right,
bottom) for the bounds of the source rectangle</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Performance Note: Not currently implemented in-place in the core layer.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="PIL.Image.Image.convert">
<code class="descclassname">Image.</code><code class="descname">convert</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>mode=None</em>, <em>matrix=None</em>, <em>dither=None</em>, <em>palette=0</em>, <em>colors=256</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="../_modules/PIL/Image.html#Image.convert"><span class="viewcode-link">[source]</span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#PIL.Image.Image.convert" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Returns a converted copy of this image. For the “P” mode, this
method translates pixels through the palette. If mode is
omitted, a mode is chosen so that all information in the image
and the palette can be represented without a palette.</p>
<p>The current version supports all possible conversions between
“L”, “RGB” and “CMYK.” The <strong>matrix</strong> argument only supports “L”
and “RGB”.</p>
<p>When translating a color image to greyscale (mode “L”),
the library uses the ITU-R 601-2 luma transform:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">L</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">R</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="mi">299</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mi">1000</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">G</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="mi">587</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mi">1000</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">B</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="mi">114</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mi">1000</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The default method of converting a greyscale (“L”) or “RGB”
image into a bilevel (mode “1”) image uses Floyd-Steinberg
dither to approximate the original image luminosity levels. If
dither is NONE, all values larger than 128 are set to 255 (white),
all other values to 0 (black). To use other thresholds, use the
<a class="reference internal" href="#PIL.Image.Image.point" title="PIL.Image.Image.point"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">point()</span></code></a> method.</p>
<p>When converting from “RGBA” to “P” without a <strong>matrix</strong> argument,
this passes the operation to <a class="reference internal" href="#PIL.Image.Image.quantize" title="PIL.Image.Image.quantize"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">quantize()</span></code></a>,
and <strong>dither</strong> and <strong>palette</strong> are ignored.</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>mode</strong> – The requested mode. See: <a class="reference internal" href="../handbook/concepts.html#concept-modes"><span class="std std-ref">Modes</span></a>.</li>
<li><strong>matrix</strong> – An optional conversion matrix. If given, this
should be 4- or 12-tuple containing floating point values.</li>
<li><strong>dither</strong> – Dithering method, used when converting from
mode “RGB” to “P” or from “RGB” or “L” to “1”.
Available methods are NONE or FLOYDSTEINBERG (default).
Note that this is not used when <strong>matrix</strong> is supplied.</li>
<li><strong>palette</strong> – Palette to use when converting from mode “RGB”
to “P”. Available palettes are WEB or ADAPTIVE.</li>
<li><strong>colors</strong> – Number of colors to use for the ADAPTIVE palette.
Defaults to 256.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first"><a class="reference internal" href="#PIL.Image.Image" title="PIL.Image.Image"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Image</span></code></a></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">An <a class="reference internal" href="#PIL.Image.Image" title="PIL.Image.Image"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Image</span></code></a> object.</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>
<p>The following example converts an RGB image (linearly calibrated according to
ITU-R 709, using the D65 luminant) to the CIE XYZ color space:</p>
<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">rgb2xyz</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span>
<span class="mf">0.412453</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.357580</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.180423</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="mf">0.212671</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.715160</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.072169</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="mf">0.019334</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.119193</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.950227</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">out</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">im</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">convert</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"RGB"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">rgb2xyz</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="PIL.Image.Image.copy">
<code class="descclassname">Image.</code><code class="descname">copy</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="../_modules/PIL/Image.html#Image.copy"><span class="viewcode-link">[source]</span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#PIL.Image.Image.copy" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Copies this image. Use this method if you wish to paste things
into an image, but still retain the original.</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><a class="reference internal" href="#PIL.Image.Image" title="PIL.Image.Image"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Image</span></code></a></td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body">An <a class="reference internal" href="#PIL.Image.Image" title="PIL.Image.Image"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Image</span></code></a> object.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="PIL.Image.Image.crop">
<code class="descclassname">Image.</code><code class="descname">crop</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>box=None</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="../_modules/PIL/Image.html#Image.crop"><span class="viewcode-link">[source]</span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#PIL.Image.Image.crop" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Returns a rectangular region from this image. The box is a
4-tuple defining the left, upper, right, and lower pixel
coordinate. See <a class="reference internal" href="../handbook/concepts.html#coordinate-system"><span class="std std-ref">Coordinate System</span></a>.</p>
<p>Note: Prior to Pillow 3.4.0, this was a lazy operation.</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><strong>box</strong> – The crop rectangle, as a (left, upper, right, lower)-tuple.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><a class="reference internal" href="#PIL.Image.Image" title="PIL.Image.Image"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Image</span></code></a></td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body">An <a class="reference internal" href="#PIL.Image.Image" title="PIL.Image.Image"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Image</span></code></a> object.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="PIL.Image.Image.draft">
<code class="descclassname">Image.</code><code class="descname">draft</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>mode</em>, <em>size</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="../_modules/PIL/Image.html#Image.draft"><span class="viewcode-link">[source]</span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#PIL.Image.Image.draft" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Configures the image file loader so it returns a version of the
image that as closely as possible matches the given mode and
size. For example, you can use this method to convert a color
JPEG to greyscale while loading it, or to extract a 128x192
version from a PCD file.</p>
<p>Note that this method modifies the <a class="reference internal" href="#PIL.Image.Image" title="PIL.Image.Image"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Image</span></code></a> object
in place. If the image has already been loaded, this method has no
effect.</p>
<p>Note: This method is not implemented for most images. It is
currently implemented only for JPEG and PCD images.</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first last simple">
<li><strong>mode</strong> – The requested mode.</li>
<li><strong>size</strong> – The requested size.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="PIL.Image.Image.filter">
<code class="descclassname">Image.</code><code class="descname">filter</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>filter</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="../_modules/PIL/Image.html#Image.filter"><span class="viewcode-link">[source]</span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#PIL.Image.Image.filter" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Filters this image using the given filter. For a list of
available filters, see the <a class="reference internal" href="ImageFilter.html#module-PIL.ImageFilter" title="PIL.ImageFilter"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ImageFilter</span></code></a> module.</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><strong>filter</strong> – Filter kernel.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body">An <a class="reference internal" href="#PIL.Image.Image" title="PIL.Image.Image"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Image</span></code></a> object.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="PIL.Image.Image.getbands">
<code class="descclassname">Image.</code><code class="descname">getbands</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="../_modules/PIL/Image.html#Image.getbands"><span class="viewcode-link">[source]</span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#PIL.Image.Image.getbands" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Returns a tuple containing the name of each band in this image.
For example, <strong>getbands</strong> on an RGB image returns (“R”, “G”, “B”).</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body">A tuple containing band names.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body">tuple</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="PIL.Image.Image.getbbox">
<code class="descclassname">Image.</code><code class="descname">getbbox</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="../_modules/PIL/Image.html#Image.getbbox"><span class="viewcode-link">[source]</span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#PIL.Image.Image.getbbox" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Calculates the bounding box of the non-zero regions in the
image.</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body">The bounding box is returned as a 4-tuple defining the
left, upper, right, and lower pixel coordinate. See
<a class="reference internal" href="../handbook/concepts.html#coordinate-system"><span class="std std-ref">Coordinate System</span></a>. If the image is completely empty, this
method returns None.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="PIL.Image.Image.getcolors">
<code class="descclassname">Image.</code><code class="descname">getcolors</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>maxcolors=256</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="../_modules/PIL/Image.html#Image.getcolors"><span class="viewcode-link">[source]</span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#PIL.Image.Image.getcolors" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Returns a list of colors used in this image.</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><strong>maxcolors</strong> – Maximum number of colors. If this number is
exceeded, this method returns None. The default limit is
256 colors.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body">An unsorted list of (count, pixel) values.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="PIL.Image.Image.getdata">
<code class="descclassname">Image.</code><code class="descname">getdata</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>band=None</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="../_modules/PIL/Image.html#Image.getdata"><span class="viewcode-link">[source]</span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#PIL.Image.Image.getdata" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Returns the contents of this image as a sequence object
containing pixel values. The sequence object is flattened, so
that values for line one follow directly after the values of
line zero, and so on.</p>
<p>Note that the sequence object returned by this method is an
internal PIL data type, which only supports certain sequence
operations. To convert it to an ordinary sequence (e.g. for
printing), use <strong>list(im.getdata())</strong>.</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><strong>band</strong> – What band to return. The default is to return
all bands. To return a single band, pass in the index
value (e.g. 0 to get the “R” band from an “RGB” image).</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body">A sequence-like object.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="PIL.Image.Image.getextrema">
<code class="descclassname">Image.</code><code class="descname">getextrema</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="../_modules/PIL/Image.html#Image.getextrema"><span class="viewcode-link">[source]</span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#PIL.Image.Image.getextrema" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Gets the the minimum and maximum pixel values for each band in
the image.</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body">For a single-band image, a 2-tuple containing the
minimum and maximum pixel value. For a multi-band image,
a tuple containing one 2-tuple for each band.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="PIL.Image.Image.getpalette">
<code class="descclassname">Image.</code><code class="descname">getpalette</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="../_modules/PIL/Image.html#Image.getpalette"><span class="viewcode-link">[source]</span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#PIL.Image.Image.getpalette" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Returns the image palette as a list.</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body">A list of color values [r, g, b, …], or None if the
image has no palette.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="PIL.Image.Image.getpixel">
<code class="descclassname">Image.</code><code class="descname">getpixel</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>xy</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="../_modules/PIL/Image.html#Image.getpixel"><span class="viewcode-link">[source]</span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#PIL.Image.Image.getpixel" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Returns the pixel value at a given position.</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><strong>xy</strong> – The coordinate, given as (x, y). See
<a class="reference internal" href="../handbook/concepts.html#coordinate-system"><span class="std std-ref">Coordinate System</span></a>.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body">The pixel value. If the image is a multi-layer image,
this method returns a tuple.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="PIL.Image.Image.histogram">
<code class="descclassname">Image.</code><code class="descname">histogram</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>mask=None</em>, <em>extrema=None</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="../_modules/PIL/Image.html#Image.histogram"><span class="viewcode-link">[source]</span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#PIL.Image.Image.histogram" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Returns a histogram for the image. The histogram is returned as
a list of pixel counts, one for each pixel value in the source
image. If the image has more than one band, the histograms for
all bands are concatenated (for example, the histogram for an
“RGB” image contains 768 values).</p>
<p>A bilevel image (mode “1”) is treated as a greyscale (“L”) image
by this method.</p>
<p>If a mask is provided, the method returns a histogram for those
parts of the image where the mask image is non-zero. The mask
image must have the same size as the image, and be either a
bi-level image (mode “1”) or a greyscale image (“L”).</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><strong>mask</strong> – An optional mask.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body">A list containing pixel counts.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="PIL.Image.Image.offset">
<code class="descclassname">Image.</code><code class="descname">offset</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>xoffset</em>, <em>yoffset=None</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="../_modules/PIL/Image.html#Image.offset"><span class="viewcode-link">[source]</span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#PIL.Image.Image.offset" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd></dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="PIL.Image.Image.paste">
<code class="descclassname">Image.</code><code class="descname">paste</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>im</em>, <em>box=None</em>, <em>mask=None</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="../_modules/PIL/Image.html#Image.paste"><span class="viewcode-link">[source]</span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#PIL.Image.Image.paste" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Pastes another image into this image. The box argument is either
a 2-tuple giving the upper left corner, a 4-tuple defining the
left, upper, right, and lower pixel coordinate, or None (same as
(0, 0)). See <a class="reference internal" href="../handbook/concepts.html#coordinate-system"><span class="std std-ref">Coordinate System</span></a>. If a 4-tuple is given, the size
of the pasted image must match the size of the region.</p>
<p>If the modes don’t match, the pasted image is converted to the mode of
this image (see the <a class="reference internal" href="#PIL.Image.Image.convert" title="PIL.Image.Image.convert"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">convert()</span></code></a> method for
details).</p>
<p>Instead of an image, the source can be a integer or tuple
containing pixel values. The method then fills the region
with the given color. When creating RGB images, you can
also use color strings as supported by the ImageColor module.</p>
<p>If a mask is given, this method updates only the regions
indicated by the mask. You can use either “1”, “L” or “RGBA”
images (in the latter case, the alpha band is used as mask).
Where the mask is 255, the given image is copied as is. Where
the mask is 0, the current value is preserved. Intermediate
values will mix the two images together, including their alpha
channels if they have them.</p>
<p>See <a class="reference internal" href="#PIL.Image.Image.alpha_composite" title="PIL.Image.Image.alpha_composite"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">alpha_composite()</span></code></a> if you want to
combine images with respect to their alpha channels.</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first last simple">
<li><strong>im</strong> – Source image or pixel value (integer or tuple).</li>
<li><strong>box</strong> – <p>An optional 4-tuple giving the region to paste into.
If a 2-tuple is used instead, it’s treated as the upper left
corner. If omitted or None, the source is pasted into the
upper left corner.</p>
<p>If an image is given as the second argument and there is no
third, the box defaults to (0, 0), and the second argument
is interpreted as a mask image.</p>
</li>
<li><strong>mask</strong> – An optional mask image.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="PIL.Image.Image.point">
<code class="descclassname">Image.</code><code class="descname">point</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>lut</em>, <em>mode=None</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="../_modules/PIL/Image.html#Image.point"><span class="viewcode-link">[source]</span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#PIL.Image.Image.point" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Maps this image through a lookup table or function.</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>lut</strong> – A lookup table, containing 256 (or 65536 if
self.mode==”I” and mode == “L”) values per band in the
image. A function can be used instead, it should take a
single argument. The function is called once for each
possible pixel value, and the resulting table is applied to
all bands of the image.</li>
<li><strong>mode</strong> – Output mode (default is same as input). In the
current version, this can only be used if the source image
has mode “L” or “P”, and the output has mode “1” or the
source image mode is “I” and the output mode is “L”.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">An <a class="reference internal" href="#PIL.Image.Image" title="PIL.Image.Image"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Image</span></code></a> object.</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="PIL.Image.Image.putalpha">
<code class="descclassname">Image.</code><code class="descname">putalpha</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>alpha</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="../_modules/PIL/Image.html#Image.putalpha"><span class="viewcode-link">[source]</span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#PIL.Image.Image.putalpha" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Adds or replaces the alpha layer in this image. If the image
does not have an alpha layer, it’s converted to “LA” or “RGBA”.
The new layer must be either “L” or “1”.</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><strong>alpha</strong> – The new alpha layer. This can either be an “L” or “1”
image having the same size as this image, or an integer or
other color value.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="PIL.Image.Image.putdata">
<code class="descclassname">Image.</code><code class="descname">putdata</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>data</em>, <em>scale=1.0</em>, <em>offset=0.0</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="../_modules/PIL/Image.html#Image.putdata"><span class="viewcode-link">[source]</span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#PIL.Image.Image.putdata" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Copies pixel data to this image. This method copies data from a
sequence object into the image, starting at the upper left
corner (0, 0), and continuing until either the image or the
sequence ends. The scale and offset values are used to adjust
the sequence values: <strong>pixel = value*scale + offset</strong>.</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first last simple">
<li><strong>data</strong> – A sequence object.</li>
<li><strong>scale</strong> – An optional scale value. The default is 1.0.</li>
<li><strong>offset</strong> – An optional offset value. The default is 0.0.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="PIL.Image.Image.putpalette">
<code class="descclassname">Image.</code><code class="descname">putpalette</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>data</em>, <em>rawmode='RGB'</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="../_modules/PIL/Image.html#Image.putpalette"><span class="viewcode-link">[source]</span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#PIL.Image.Image.putpalette" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Attaches a palette to this image. The image must be a “P” or
“L” image, and the palette sequence must contain 768 integer
values, where each group of three values represent the red,
green, and blue values for the corresponding pixel
index. Instead of an integer sequence, you can use an 8-bit
string.</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first last simple">
<li><strong>data</strong> – A palette sequence (either a list or a string).</li>
<li><strong>rawmode</strong> – The raw mode of the palette.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="PIL.Image.Image.putpixel">
<code class="descclassname">Image.</code><code class="descname">putpixel</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>xy</em>, <em>value</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="../_modules/PIL/Image.html#Image.putpixel"><span class="viewcode-link">[source]</span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#PIL.Image.Image.putpixel" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Modifies the pixel at the given position. The color is given as
a single numerical value for single-band images, and a tuple for
multi-band images. In addition to this, RGB and RGBA tuples are
accepted for P images.</p>
<p>Note that this method is relatively slow. For more extensive changes,
use <a class="reference internal" href="#PIL.Image.Image.paste" title="PIL.Image.Image.paste"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">paste()</span></code></a> or the <a class="reference internal" href="ImageDraw.html#module-PIL.ImageDraw" title="PIL.ImageDraw"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ImageDraw</span></code></a>
module instead.</p>
<p>See:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#PIL.Image.Image.paste" title="PIL.Image.Image.paste"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">paste()</span></code></a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#PIL.Image.Image.putdata" title="PIL.Image.Image.putdata"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">putdata()</span></code></a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="ImageDraw.html#module-PIL.ImageDraw" title="PIL.ImageDraw"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ImageDraw</span></code></a></li>
</ul>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first last simple">
<li><strong>xy</strong> – The pixel coordinate, given as (x, y). See
<a class="reference internal" href="../handbook/concepts.html#coordinate-system"><span class="std std-ref">Coordinate System</span></a>.</li>
<li><strong>value</strong> – The pixel value.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="PIL.Image.Image.quantize">
<code class="descclassname">Image.</code><code class="descname">quantize</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>colors=256</em>, <em>method=None</em>, <em>kmeans=0</em>, <em>palette=None</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="../_modules/PIL/Image.html#Image.quantize"><span class="viewcode-link">[source]</span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#PIL.Image.Image.quantize" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Convert the image to ‘P’ mode with the specified number
of colors.</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>colors</strong> – The desired number of colors, <= 256</li>
<li><strong>method</strong> – 0 = median cut
1 = maximum coverage
2 = fast octree
3 = libimagequant</li>
<li><strong>kmeans</strong> – Integer</li>
<li><strong>palette</strong> – Quantize to the palette of given
<a class="reference internal" href="#PIL.Image.Image" title="PIL.Image.Image"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PIL.Image.Image</span></code></a>.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">A new image</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="PIL.Image.Image.resize">
<code class="descclassname">Image.</code><code class="descname">resize</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>size</em>, <em>resample=0</em>, <em>box=None</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="../_modules/PIL/Image.html#Image.resize"><span class="viewcode-link">[source]</span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#PIL.Image.Image.resize" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Returns a resized copy of this image.</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>size</strong> – The requested size in pixels, as a 2-tuple:
(width, height).</li>
<li><strong>resample</strong> – An optional resampling filter. This can be
one of <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PIL.Image.NEAREST</span></code>, <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PIL.Image.BOX</span></code>,
<code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PIL.Image.BILINEAR</span></code>, <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PIL.Image.HAMMING</span></code>,
<code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PIL.Image.BICUBIC</span></code> or <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PIL.Image.LANCZOS</span></code>.
If omitted, or if the image has mode “1” or “P”, it is
set <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PIL.Image.NEAREST</span></code>.
See: <a class="reference internal" href="../handbook/concepts.html#concept-filters"><span class="std std-ref">Filters</span></a>.</li>
<li><strong>box</strong> – An optional 4-tuple of floats giving the region
of the source image which should be scaled.
The values should be within (0, 0, width, height) rectangle.
If omitted or None, the entire source is used.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">An <a class="reference internal" href="#PIL.Image.Image" title="PIL.Image.Image"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Image</span></code></a> object.</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="PIL.Image.Image.remap_palette">
<code class="descclassname">Image.</code><code class="descname">remap_palette</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>dest_map</em>, <em>source_palette=None</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="../_modules/PIL/Image.html#Image.remap_palette"><span class="viewcode-link">[source]</span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#PIL.Image.Image.remap_palette" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Rewrites the image to reorder the palette.</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>dest_map</strong> – A list of indexes into the original palette.
e.g. [1,0] would swap a two item palette, and list(range(255))
is the identity transform.</li>
<li><strong>source_palette</strong> – Bytes or None.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">An <a class="reference internal" href="#PIL.Image.Image" title="PIL.Image.Image"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Image</span></code></a> object.</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="PIL.Image.Image.rotate">
<code class="descclassname">Image.</code><code class="descname">rotate</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>angle</em>, <em>resample=0</em>, <em>expand=0</em>, <em>center=None</em>, <em>translate=None</em>, <em>fillcolor=None</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="../_modules/PIL/Image.html#Image.rotate"><span class="viewcode-link">[source]</span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#PIL.Image.Image.rotate" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Returns a rotated copy of this image. This method returns a
copy of this image, rotated the given number of degrees counter
clockwise around its centre.</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>angle</strong> – In degrees counter clockwise.</li>
<li><strong>resample</strong> – An optional resampling filter. This can be
one of <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PIL.Image.NEAREST</span></code> (use nearest neighbour),
<code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PIL.Image.BILINEAR</span></code> (linear interpolation in a 2x2
environment), or <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PIL.Image.BICUBIC</span></code>
(cubic spline interpolation in a 4x4 environment).
If omitted, or if the image has mode “1” or “P”, it is
set <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PIL.Image.NEAREST</span></code>. See <a class="reference internal" href="../handbook/concepts.html#concept-filters"><span class="std std-ref">Filters</span></a>.</li>
<li><strong>expand</strong> – Optional expansion flag. If true, expands the output
image to make it large enough to hold the entire rotated image.
If false or omitted, make the output image the same size as the
input image. Note that the expand flag assumes rotation around
the center and no translation.</li>
<li><strong>center</strong> – Optional center of rotation (a 2-tuple). Origin is
the upper left corner. Default is the center of the image.</li>
<li><strong>translate</strong> – An optional post-rotate translation (a 2-tuple).</li>
<li><strong>fillcolor</strong> – An optional color for area outside the rotated image.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">An <a class="reference internal" href="#PIL.Image.Image" title="PIL.Image.Image"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Image</span></code></a> object.</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="PIL.Image.Image.save">
<code class="descclassname">Image.</code><code class="descname">save</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>fp</em>, <em>format=None</em>, <em>**params</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="../_modules/PIL/Image.html#Image.save"><span class="viewcode-link">[source]</span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#PIL.Image.Image.save" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Saves this image under the given filename. If no format is
specified, the format to use is determined from the filename
extension, if possible.</p>
<p>Keyword options can be used to provide additional instructions
to the writer. If a writer doesn’t recognise an option, it is
silently ignored. The available options are described in the
<a class="reference internal" href="../handbook/image-file-formats.html"><span class="doc">image format documentation</span></a> for each writer.</p>
<p>You can use a file object instead of a filename. In this case,
you must always specify the format. The file object must
implement the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">seek</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tell</span></code>, and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">write</span></code>
methods, and be opened in binary mode.</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>fp</strong> – A filename (string), pathlib.Path object or file object.</li>
<li><strong>format</strong> – Optional format override. If omitted, the
format to use is determined from the filename extension.
If a file object was used instead of a filename, this
parameter should always be used.</li>
<li><strong>params</strong> – Extra parameters to the image writer.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">None</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Raises:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first last simple">
<li><strong>ValueError</strong> – If the output format could not be determined
from the file name. Use the format option to solve this.</li>
<li><strong>IOError</strong> – If the file could not be written. The file
may have been created, and may contain partial data.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="PIL.Image.Image.seek">
<code class="descclassname">Image.</code><code class="descname">seek</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>frame</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="../_modules/PIL/Image.html#Image.seek"><span class="viewcode-link">[source]</span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#PIL.Image.Image.seek" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Seeks to the given frame in this sequence file. If you seek
beyond the end of the sequence, the method raises an
<strong>EOFError</strong> exception. When a sequence file is opened, the
library automatically seeks to frame 0.</p>
<p>Note that in the current version of the library, most sequence
formats only allows you to seek to the next frame.</p>
<p>See <a class="reference internal" href="#PIL.Image.Image.tell" title="PIL.Image.Image.tell"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tell()</span></code></a>.</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><strong>frame</strong> – Frame number, starting at 0.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Raises:</th><td class="field-body"><strong>EOFError</strong> – If the call attempts to seek beyond the end
of the sequence.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="PIL.Image.Image.show">
<code class="descclassname">Image.</code><code class="descname">show</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>title=None</em>, <em>command=None</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="../_modules/PIL/Image.html#Image.show"><span class="viewcode-link">[source]</span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#PIL.Image.Image.show" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Displays this image. This method is mainly intended for
debugging purposes.</p>
<p>On Unix platforms, this method saves the image to a temporary
PPM file, and calls either the <strong>xv</strong> utility or the <strong>display</strong>
utility, depending on which one can be found.</p>
<p>On macOS, this method saves the image to a temporary BMP file, and
opens it with the native Preview application.</p>
<p>On Windows, it saves the image to a temporary BMP file, and uses
the standard BMP display utility to show it (usually Paint).</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first last simple">
<li><strong>title</strong> – Optional title to use for the image window,
where possible.</li>
<li><strong>command</strong> – command used to show the image</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="PIL.Image.Image.split">
<code class="descclassname">Image.</code><code class="descname">split</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="../_modules/PIL/Image.html#Image.split"><span class="viewcode-link">[source]</span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#PIL.Image.Image.split" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Split this image into individual bands. This method returns a
tuple of individual image bands from an image. For example,
splitting an “RGB” image creates three new images each
containing a copy of one of the original bands (red, green,
blue).</p>
<p>If you need only one band, <a class="reference internal" href="#PIL.Image.Image.getchannel" title="PIL.Image.Image.getchannel"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">getchannel()</span></code></a>
method can be more convenient and faster.</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body">A tuple containing bands.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="PIL.Image.Image.getchannel">
<code class="descclassname">Image.</code><code class="descname">getchannel</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>channel</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="../_modules/PIL/Image.html#Image.getchannel"><span class="viewcode-link">[source]</span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#PIL.Image.Image.getchannel" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Returns an image containing a single channel of the source image.</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><strong>channel</strong> – What channel to return. Could be index
(0 for “R” channel of “RGB”) or channel name
(“A” for alpha channel of “RGBA”).</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body">An image in “L” mode.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified">New in version 4.3.0.</span></p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="PIL.Image.Image.tell">
<code class="descclassname">Image.</code><code class="descname">tell</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="../_modules/PIL/Image.html#Image.tell"><span class="viewcode-link">[source]</span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#PIL.Image.Image.tell" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Returns the current frame number. See <a class="reference internal" href="#PIL.Image.Image.seek" title="PIL.Image.Image.seek"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">seek()</span></code></a>.</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body">Frame number, starting with 0.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="PIL.Image.Image.thumbnail">
<code class="descclassname">Image.</code><code class="descname">thumbnail</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>size</em>, <em>resample=3</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="../_modules/PIL/Image.html#Image.thumbnail"><span class="viewcode-link">[source]</span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#PIL.Image.Image.thumbnail" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Make this image into a thumbnail. This method modifies the
image to contain a thumbnail version of itself, no larger than
the given size. This method calculates an appropriate thumbnail
size to preserve the aspect of the image, calls the
<a class="reference internal" href="#PIL.Image.Image.draft" title="PIL.Image.Image.draft"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">draft()</span></code></a> method to configure the file reader
(where applicable), and finally resizes the image.</p>
<p>Note that this function modifies the <a class="reference internal" href="#PIL.Image.Image" title="PIL.Image.Image"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Image</span></code></a>
object in place. If you need to use the full resolution image as well,
apply this method to a <a class="reference internal" href="#PIL.Image.Image.copy" title="PIL.Image.Image.copy"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">copy()</span></code></a> of the original
image.</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>size</strong> – Requested size.</li>
<li><strong>resample</strong> – Optional resampling filter. This can be one
of <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PIL.Image.NEAREST</span></code>, <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PIL.Image.BILINEAR</span></code>,
<code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PIL.Image.BICUBIC</span></code>, or <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PIL.Image.LANCZOS</span></code>.
If omitted, it defaults to <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PIL.Image.BICUBIC</span></code>.
(was <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PIL.Image.NEAREST</span></code> prior to version 2.5.0)</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">None</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="PIL.Image.Image.tobitmap">
<code class="descclassname">Image.</code><code class="descname">tobitmap</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>name='image'</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="../_modules/PIL/Image.html#Image.tobitmap"><span class="viewcode-link">[source]</span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#PIL.Image.Image.tobitmap" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Returns the image converted to an X11 bitmap.</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">This method only works for mode “1” images.</p>
</div>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><strong>name</strong> – The name prefix to use for the bitmap variables.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body">A string containing an X11 bitmap.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Raises:</th><td class="field-body"><strong>ValueError</strong> – If the mode is not “1”</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="PIL.Image.Image.tobytes">
<code class="descclassname">Image.</code><code class="descname">tobytes</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>encoder_name='raw'</em>, <em>*args</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="../_modules/PIL/Image.html#Image.tobytes"><span class="viewcode-link">[source]</span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#PIL.Image.Image.tobytes" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Return image as a bytes object.</p>
<div class="admonition warning">
<p class="first admonition-title">Warning</p>
<p class="last">This method returns the raw image data from the internal
storage. For compressed image data (e.g. PNG, JPEG) use
<a class="reference internal" href="#PIL.Image.Image.save" title="PIL.Image.Image.save"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">save()</span></code></a>, with a BytesIO parameter for in-memory
data.</p>
</div>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>encoder_name</strong> – What encoder to use. The default is to
use the standard “raw” encoder.</li>
<li><strong>args</strong> – Extra arguments to the encoder.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">A bytes object.</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="PIL.Image.Image.tostring">
<code class="descclassname">Image.</code><code class="descname">tostring</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>*args</em>, <em>**kw</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="../_modules/PIL/Image.html#Image.tostring"><span class="viewcode-link">[source]</span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#PIL.Image.Image.tostring" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd></dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="PIL.Image.Image.transform">
<code class="descclassname">Image.</code><code class="descname">transform</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>size</em>, <em>method</em>, <em>data=None</em>, <em>resample=0</em>, <em>fill=1</em>, <em>fillcolor=None</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="../_modules/PIL/Image.html#Image.transform"><span class="viewcode-link">[source]</span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#PIL.Image.Image.transform" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Transforms this image. This method creates a new image with the
given size, and the same mode as the original, and copies data
to the new image using the given transform.</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>size</strong> – The output size.</li>
<li><strong>method</strong> – <p>The transformation method. This is one of
<code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PIL.Image.EXTENT</span></code> (cut out a rectangular subregion),
<code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PIL.Image.AFFINE</span></code> (affine transform),
<code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PIL.Image.PERSPECTIVE</span></code> (perspective transform),
<code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PIL.Image.QUAD</span></code> (map a quadrilateral to a rectangle), or
<code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PIL.Image.MESH</span></code> (map a number of source quadrilaterals
in one operation).</p>
<p>It may also be an <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ImageTransformHandler</span></code>
object:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">Example</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Image</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ImageTransformHandler</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">transform</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">method</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">data</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">resample</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">fill</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="c1"># Return result</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>It may also be an object with a <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">getdata()</span></code> method
that returns a tuple supplying new <strong>method</strong> and <strong>data</strong> values:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">Example</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">object</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">getdata</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">method</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Image</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">EXTENT</span>
<span class="n">data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">method</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">data</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</li>
<li><strong>data</strong> – Extra data to the transformation method.</li>
<li><strong>resample</strong> – Optional resampling filter. It can be one of
<code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PIL.Image.NEAREST</span></code> (use nearest neighbour),
<code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PIL.Image.BILINEAR</span></code> (linear interpolation in a 2x2
environment), or <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PIL.Image.BICUBIC</span></code> (cubic spline
interpolation in a 4x4 environment). If omitted, or if the image
has mode “1” or “P”, it is set to <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PIL.Image.NEAREST</span></code>.</li>
<li><strong>fill</strong> – If <strong>method</strong> is an
<code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ImageTransformHandler</span></code> object, this is one of
the arguments passed to it. Otherwise, it is unused.</li>
<li><strong>fillcolor</strong> – Optional fill color for the area outside the
transform in the output image.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">An <a class="reference internal" href="#PIL.Image.Image" title="PIL.Image.Image"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Image</span></code></a> object.</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="PIL.Image.Image.transpose">
<code class="descclassname">Image.</code><code class="descname">transpose</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>method</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="../_modules/PIL/Image.html#Image.transpose"><span class="viewcode-link">[source]</span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#PIL.Image.Image.transpose" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Transpose image (flip or rotate in 90 degree steps)</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><strong>method</strong> – One of <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PIL.Image.FLIP_LEFT_RIGHT</span></code>,
<code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PIL.Image.FLIP_TOP_BOTTOM</span></code>, <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PIL.Image.ROTATE_90</span></code>,
<code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PIL.Image.ROTATE_180</span></code>, <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PIL.Image.ROTATE_270</span></code>,
<code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PIL.Image.TRANSPOSE</span></code> or <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PIL.Image.TRANSVERSE</span></code>.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body">Returns a flipped or rotated copy of this image.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="PIL.Image.Image.verify">
<code class="descclassname">Image.</code><code class="descname">verify</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="../_modules/PIL/Image.html#Image.verify"><span class="viewcode-link">[source]</span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#PIL.Image.Image.verify" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Verifies the contents of a file. For data read from a file, this
method attempts to determine if the file is broken, without
actually decoding the image data. If this method finds any
problems, it raises suitable exceptions. If you need to load
the image after using this method, you must reopen the image
file.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="PIL.Image.Image.fromstring">
<code class="descclassname">Image.</code><code class="descname">fromstring</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>*args</em>, <em>**kw</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="../_modules/PIL/Image.html#Image.fromstring"><span class="viewcode-link">[source]</span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#PIL.Image.Image.fromstring" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd></dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="PIL.Image.Image.load">
<code class="descclassname">Image.</code><code class="descname">load</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="../_modules/PIL/Image.html#Image.load"><span class="viewcode-link">[source]</span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#PIL.Image.Image.load" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Allocates storage for the image and loads the pixel data. In
normal cases, you don’t need to call this method, since the
Image class automatically loads an opened image when it is
accessed for the first time.</p>
<p>If the file associated with the image was opened by Pillow, then this
method will close it. The exception to this is if the image has
multiple frames, in which case the file will be left open for seek
operations. See <a class="reference internal" href="open_files.html#file-handling"><span class="std std-ref">File Handling in Pillow</span></a> for more information.</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body">An image access object.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><a class="reference internal" href="PixelAccess.html#pixelaccess"><span class="std std-ref">PixelAccess Class</span></a> or <a class="reference internal" href="PyAccess.html#module-PIL.PyAccess" title="PIL.PyAccess"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PIL.PyAccess</span></code></a></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="PIL.Image.Image.close">
<code class="descclassname">Image.</code><code class="descname">close</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="../_modules/PIL/Image.html#Image.close"><span class="viewcode-link">[source]</span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#PIL.Image.Image.close" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Closes the file pointer, if possible.</p>
<p>This operation will destroy the image core and release its memory.
The image data will be unusable afterward.</p>
<p>This function is only required to close images that have not
had their file read and closed by the
<a class="reference internal" href="#PIL.Image.Image.load" title="PIL.Image.Image.load"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">load()</span></code></a> method. See
<a class="reference internal" href="open_files.html#file-handling"><span class="std std-ref">File Handling in Pillow</span></a> for more information.</p>
</dd></dl>
</div>
<div class="section" id="attributes">
<h2>Attributes<a class="headerlink" href="#attributes" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Instances of the <a class="reference internal" href="#PIL.Image.Image" title="PIL.Image.Image"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Image</span></code></a> class have the following attributes:</p>
<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="PIL.Image.filename">
<code class="descclassname">PIL.Image.</code><code class="descname">filename</code><a class="headerlink" href="#PIL.Image.filename" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>The filename or path of the source file. Only images created with the
factory function <cite>open</cite> have a filename attribute. If the input is a
file like object, the filename attribute is set to an empty string.</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Type:</th><td class="field-body">:py:class: <cite>string</cite></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="PIL.Image.format">
<code class="descclassname">PIL.Image.</code><code class="descname">format</code><a class="headerlink" href="#PIL.Image.format" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>The file format of the source file. For images created by the library
itself (via a factory function, or by running a method on an existing
image), this attribute is set to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>.</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Type:</th><td class="field-body"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">string</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="PIL.Image.mode">
<code class="descclassname">PIL.Image.</code><code class="descname">mode</code><a class="headerlink" href="#PIL.Image.mode" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Image mode. This is a string specifying the pixel format used by the image.
Typical values are “1”, “L”, “RGB”, or “CMYK.” See
<a class="reference internal" href="../handbook/concepts.html#concept-modes"><span class="std std-ref">Modes</span></a> for a full list.</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Type:</th><td class="field-body"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">string</span></code></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="PIL.Image.size">
<code class="descclassname">PIL.Image.</code><code class="descname">size</code><a class="headerlink" href="#PIL.Image.size" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Image size, in pixels. The size is given as a 2-tuple (width, height).</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Type:</th><td class="field-body"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">(width,</span> <span class="pre">height)</span></code></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="PIL.Image.width">
<code class="descclassname">PIL.Image.</code><code class="descname">width</code><a class="headerlink" href="#PIL.Image.width" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Image width, in pixels.</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Type:</th><td class="field-body"><a class="reference internal" href="ImageMath.html#int" title="int"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">int</span></code></a></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="PIL.Image.height">
<code class="descclassname">PIL.Image.</code><code class="descname">height</code><a class="headerlink" href="#PIL.Image.height" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Image height, in pixels.</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Type:</th><td class="field-body"><a class="reference internal" href="ImageMath.html#int" title="int"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">int</span></code></a></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="PIL.Image.palette">
<code class="descclassname">PIL.Image.</code><code class="descname">palette</code><a class="headerlink" href="#PIL.Image.palette" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Colour palette table, if any. If mode is “P”, this should be an instance of
the <a class="reference internal" href="ImagePalette.html#PIL.ImagePalette.ImagePalette" title="PIL.ImagePalette.ImagePalette"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ImagePalette</span></code></a> class. Otherwise, it should
be set to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>.</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Type:</th><td class="field-body"><a class="reference internal" href="ImagePalette.html#PIL.ImagePalette.ImagePalette" title="PIL.ImagePalette.ImagePalette"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ImagePalette</span></code></a> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="PIL.Image.info">
<code class="descclassname">PIL.Image.</code><code class="descname">info</code><a class="headerlink" href="#PIL.Image.info" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>A dictionary holding data associated with the image. This dictionary is
used by file handlers to pass on various non-image information read from
the file. See documentation for the various file handlers for details.</p>
<p>Most methods ignore the dictionary when returning new images; since the
keys are not standardized, it’s not possible for a method to know if the
operation affects the dictionary. If you need the information later on,
keep a reference to the info dictionary returned from the open method.</p>
<p>Unless noted elsewhere, this dictionary does not affect saving files.</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Type:</th><td class="field-body"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">dict</span></code></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>
</div>
</div>
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