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<TITLE>MySQL Reference Manual for version 4.0.18. - Table of Contents</TITLE>
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<H1>MySQL Reference Manual for version 4.0.18.</H1>
<P>
<P><HR><P>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="Introduction" HREF="manual.html#Introduction">1 General Information</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="Manual-info" HREF="manual.html#Manual-info">1.1 About This Manual</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="Manual_conventions" HREF="manual.html#Manual_conventions">1.1.1 Conventions Used in This Manual</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="What-is" HREF="manual.html#What-is">1.2 Overview of the MySQL Database Management System</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="History" HREF="manual.html#History">1.2.1 History of MySQL</A>
<LI><A NAME="Features" HREF="manual.html#Features">1.2.2 The Main Features of MySQL</A>
<LI><A NAME="Stability" HREF="manual.html#Stability">1.2.3 MySQL Stability</A>
<LI><A NAME="Table_size" HREF="manual.html#Table_size">1.2.4 How Big MySQL Tables Can Be</A>
<LI><A NAME="Year_2000_compliance" HREF="manual.html#Year_2000_compliance">1.2.5 Year 2000 Compliance</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="What_is_MySQL_AB" HREF="manual.html#What_is_MySQL_AB">1.3 Overview of MySQL AB</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="MySQL_AB_business_model_and_services" HREF="manual.html#MySQL_AB_business_model_and_services">1.3.1 The Business Model and Services of MySQL AB</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="Business_Services_Support" HREF="manual.html#Business_Services_Support">1.3.1.1 Support</A>
<LI><A NAME="Business_Services_Training" HREF="manual.html#Business_Services_Training">1.3.1.2 Training and Certification</A>
<LI><A NAME="Business_Services_Consulting" HREF="manual.html#Business_Services_Consulting">1.3.1.3 Consulting</A>
<LI><A NAME="Business_Services_Commercial_licenses" HREF="manual.html#Business_Services_Commercial_licenses">1.3.1.4 Commercial Licenses</A>
<LI><A NAME="Business_Services_Partnering" HREF="manual.html#Business_Services_Partnering">1.3.1.5 Partnering</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="Contact_information" HREF="manual.html#Contact_information">1.3.2 Contact Information</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="Licensing_and_Support" HREF="manual.html#Licensing_and_Support">1.4 MySQL Support and Licensing</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="Support" HREF="manual.html#Support">1.4.1 Support Offered by MySQL AB</A>
<LI><A NAME="Copyright" HREF="manual.html#Copyright">1.4.2 Copyrights and Licenses Used by MySQL</A>
<LI><A NAME="MySQL_licenses" HREF="manual.html#MySQL_licenses">1.4.3 MySQL Licenses</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="Using_the_MySQL_software_under_a_commercial_license" HREF="manual.html#Using_the_MySQL_software_under_a_commercial_license">1.4.3.1 Using the MySQL Software Under a Commercial License</A>
<LI><A NAME="Using_the_MySQL_software_for_free_under_GPL" HREF="manual.html#Using_the_MySQL_software_for_free_under_GPL">1.4.3.2 Using the MySQL Software for Free Under GPL</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="MySQL_AB_Logos_and_Trademarks" HREF="manual.html#MySQL_AB_Logos_and_Trademarks">1.4.4 MySQL AB Logos and Trademarks</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="The_Original_MySQL_logo" HREF="manual.html#The_Original_MySQL_logo">1.4.4.1 The Original MySQL Logo</A>
<LI><A NAME="MySQL_Logos_that_may_be_Used_Without_Written_Permission" HREF="manual.html#MySQL_Logos_that_may_be_Used_Without_Written_Permission">1.4.4.2 MySQL Logos that may be Used Without Written Permission</A>
<LI><A NAME="When_need_MySQL_logo_permission" HREF="manual.html#When_need_MySQL_logo_permission">1.4.4.3 When You Need Written Permission to Use MySQL Logos</A>
<LI><A NAME="MySQL_AB_Partnership_Logos" HREF="manual.html#MySQL_AB_Partnership_Logos">1.4.4.4 MySQL AB Partnership Logos</A>
<LI><A NAME="Using_MySQL_word_in_presentations" HREF="manual.html#Using_MySQL_word_in_presentations">1.4.4.5 Using the Word <CODE>MySQL</CODE> in Printed Text or Presentations</A>
<LI><A NAME="Using_MySQL_word_in_company_and_product_names" HREF="manual.html#Using_MySQL_word_in_company_and_product_names">1.4.4.6 Using the Word <CODE>MySQL</CODE> in Company and Product Names</A>
</UL>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="Roadmap" HREF="manual.html#Roadmap">1.5 MySQL Development Roadmap</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="MySQL_4.0_Nutshell" HREF="manual.html#MySQL_4.0_Nutshell">1.5.1 MySQL 4.0 in a Nutshell</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="Nutshell_4.0_features" HREF="manual.html#Nutshell_4.0_features">1.5.1.1 Features Available in MySQL 4.0</A>
<LI><A NAME="Nutshell_Embedded_MySQL" HREF="manual.html#Nutshell_Embedded_MySQL">1.5.1.2 The Embedded MySQL Server</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="MySQL_4.1_Nutshell" HREF="manual.html#MySQL_4.1_Nutshell">1.5.2 MySQL 4.1 in a Nutshell</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="Nutshell_4.1_features" HREF="manual.html#Nutshell_4.1_features">1.5.2.1 Features Available in MySQL 4.1</A>
<LI><A NAME="Nutshell_Stepwise_Rollout" HREF="manual.html#Nutshell_Stepwise_Rollout">1.5.2.2 Stepwise Rollout</A>
<LI><A NAME="Nutshell_Ready_for_Immediate_Use" HREF="manual.html#Nutshell_Ready_for_Immediate_Use">1.5.2.3 Ready for Immediate Development Use</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="MySQL_5.0_Nutshell" HREF="manual.html#MySQL_5.0_Nutshell">1.5.3 MySQL 5.0, The Next Development Release</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="TODO" HREF="manual.html#TODO">1.6 MySQL and the Future (The TODO)</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="TODO_MySQL_4.1" HREF="manual.html#TODO_MySQL_4.1">1.6.1 New Features Planned for 4.1</A>
<LI><A NAME="TODO_MySQL_5.0" HREF="manual.html#TODO_MySQL_5.0">1.6.2 New Features Planned for 5.0</A>
<LI><A NAME="TODO_MySQL_5.1" HREF="manual.html#TODO_MySQL_5.1">1.6.3 New Features Planned for 5.1</A>
<LI><A NAME="TODO_future" HREF="manual.html#TODO_future">1.6.4 New Features Planned for the Near Future</A>
<LI><A NAME="TODO_sometime" HREF="manual.html#TODO_sometime">1.6.5 New Features Planned for the Mid-Term Future</A>
<LI><A NAME="TODO_unplanned" HREF="manual.html#TODO_unplanned">1.6.6 New Features We Don't Plan to Implement</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="MySQL_Information_Sources" HREF="manual.html#MySQL_Information_Sources">1.7 MySQL Information Sources</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="Questions" HREF="manual.html#Questions">1.7.1 MySQL Mailing Lists</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="Mailing-list" HREF="manual.html#Mailing-list">1.7.1.1 The MySQL Mailing Lists</A>
<LI><A NAME="Asking_questions" HREF="manual.html#Asking_questions">1.7.1.2 Asking Questions or Reporting Bugs</A>
<LI><A NAME="Bug_reports" HREF="manual.html#Bug_reports">1.7.1.3 How to Report Bugs or Problems</A>
<LI><A NAME="Answering_questions" HREF="manual.html#Answering_questions">1.7.1.4 Guidelines for Answering Questions on the Mailing List</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="IRC" HREF="manual.html#IRC">1.7.2 MySQL Community Support on IRC (Internet Relay Chat)</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="Compatibility" HREF="manual.html#Compatibility">1.8 MySQL Standards Compliance</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="Standards" HREF="manual.html#Standards">1.8.1 What Standards MySQL Follows</A>
<LI><A NAME="SQL_mode" HREF="manual.html#SQL_mode">1.8.2 Selecting SQL Modes</A>
<LI><A NAME="ANSI_mode" HREF="manual.html#ANSI_mode">1.8.3 Running MySQL in ANSI Mode</A>
<LI><A NAME="Extensions_to_ANSI" HREF="manual.html#Extensions_to_ANSI">1.8.4 MySQL Extensions to the SQL-92 Standard</A>
<LI><A NAME="Differences_from_ANSI" HREF="manual.html#Differences_from_ANSI">1.8.5 MySQL Differences Compared to SQL-92</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="ANSI_diff_Subqueries" HREF="manual.html#ANSI_diff_Subqueries">1.8.5.1 Subqueries</A>
<LI><A NAME="ANSI_diff_SELECT_INTO_TABLE" HREF="manual.html#ANSI_diff_SELECT_INTO_TABLE">1.8.5.2 <CODE>SELECT INTO TABLE</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="ANSI_diff_Transactions" HREF="manual.html#ANSI_diff_Transactions">1.8.5.3 Transactions and Atomic Operations</A>
<LI><A NAME="ANSI_diff_Triggers" HREF="manual.html#ANSI_diff_Triggers">1.8.5.4 Stored Procedures and Triggers</A>
<LI><A NAME="ANSI_diff_Foreign_Keys" HREF="manual.html#ANSI_diff_Foreign_Keys">1.8.5.5 Foreign Keys</A>
<LI><A NAME="ANSI_diff_Views" HREF="manual.html#ANSI_diff_Views">1.8.5.6 Views</A>
<LI><A NAME="ANSI_diff_comments" HREF="manual.html#ANSI_diff_comments">1.8.5.7 <SAMP>`--'</SAMP> as the Start of a Comment</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="Constraints" HREF="manual.html#Constraints">1.8.6 How MySQL Deals with Constraints</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="constraint_primary_key" HREF="manual.html#constraint_primary_key">1.8.6.1 Constraint PRIMARY KEY / UNIQUE</A>
<LI><A NAME="constraint_NOT_NULL" HREF="manual.html#constraint_NOT_NULL">1.8.6.2 Constraint <CODE>NOT NULL</CODE> and <CODE>DEFAULT</CODE> values</A>
<LI><A NAME="constraint_enum" HREF="manual.html#constraint_enum">1.8.6.3 Constraint <CODE>ENUM</CODE> and <CODE>SET</CODE></A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="Bugs" HREF="manual.html#Bugs">1.8.7 Known Errors and Design Deficiencies in MySQL</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="Errors_in_3.23" HREF="manual.html#Errors_in_3.23">1.8.7.1 Errors in 3.23 Fixed in a Later MySQL Version</A>
<LI><A NAME="Errors_in_4.0" HREF="manual.html#Errors_in_4.0">1.8.7.2 Errors in 4.0 Fixed in a Later MySQL Version</A>
<LI><A NAME="Open_bugs" HREF="manual.html#Open_bugs">1.8.7.3 Open Bugs / Design Deficiencies in MySQL</A>
</UL>
</UL>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="Installing" HREF="manual.html#Installing">2 Installing MySQL</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="General_Installation_Issues" HREF="manual.html#General_Installation_Issues">2.1 General Installation Issues</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="Which_OS" HREF="manual.html#Which_OS">2.1.1 Operating Systems Supported by MySQL</A>
<LI><A NAME="Which_version" HREF="manual.html#Which_version">2.1.2 Choosing Which MySQL Distribution to Install</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="Choosing_version" HREF="manual.html#Choosing_version">2.1.2.1 Choosing Which Version of MySQL to Install</A>
<LI><A NAME="Choosing_distribution_format" HREF="manual.html#Choosing_distribution_format">2.1.2.2 Choosing a Distribution Format</A>
<LI><A NAME="Many_versions" HREF="manual.html#Many_versions">2.1.2.3 How and When Updates Are Released</A>
<LI><A NAME="Release_philosophy" HREF="manual.html#Release_philosophy">2.1.2.4 Release Philosophy--No Known Bugs in Releases</A>
<LI><A NAME="MySQL_binaries" HREF="manual.html#MySQL_binaries">2.1.2.5 MySQL Binaries Compiled by MySQL AB</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="Getting_MySQL" HREF="manual.html#Getting_MySQL">2.1.3 How to Get MySQL</A>
<LI><A NAME="Verifying_Package_Integrity" HREF="manual.html#Verifying_Package_Integrity">2.1.4 Verifying Package Integrity Using MD5 Checksums or <CODE>GnuPG</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="Installation_layouts" HREF="manual.html#Installation_layouts">2.1.8 Installation Layouts</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="Quick_Standard_Installation" HREF="manual.html#Quick_Standard_Installation">2.2 Standard MySQL Installation Using a Binary Distribution</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="Windows_installation" HREF="manual.html#Windows_installation">2.2.1 Installing MySQL on Windows</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="Windows_system_requirements" HREF="manual.html#Windows_system_requirements">2.2.1.1 Windows System Requirements</A>
<LI><A NAME="Windows_binary_installation" HREF="manual.html#Windows_binary_installation">2.2.1.2 Installing a Windows Binary Distribution</A>
<LI><A NAME="Windows_prepare_environment" HREF="manual.html#Windows_prepare_environment">2.2.1.3 Preparing the Windows MySQL Environment</A>
<LI><A NAME="Windows_select_server" HREF="manual.html#Windows_select_server">2.2.1.4 Selecting a Windows Server</A>
<LI><A NAME="Windows_server_first_start" HREF="manual.html#Windows_server_first_start">2.2.1.5 Starting the Server for the First Time</A>
<LI><A NAME="Win95_start" HREF="manual.html#Win95_start">2.2.1.6 Starting MySQL from the Windows Command Line</A>
<LI><A NAME="NT_start" HREF="manual.html#NT_start">2.2.1.7 Starting MySQL as a Windows Service</A>
<LI><A NAME="Windows_running" HREF="manual.html#Windows_running">2.2.1.8 Running MySQL Client Programs on Windows</A>
<LI><A NAME="Windows_vs_Unix" HREF="manual.html#Windows_vs_Unix">2.2.1.9 MySQL on Windows Compared to MySQL on Unix</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="Linux-RPM" HREF="manual.html#Linux-RPM">2.2.2 Installing MySQL on Linux</A>
<LI><A NAME="Mac_OS_X_installation" HREF="manual.html#Mac_OS_X_installation">2.2.3 Installing MySQL on Mac OS X</A>
<LI><A NAME="NetWare_installation" HREF="manual.html#NetWare_installation">2.2.4 Installing MySQL on NetWare</A>
<LI><A NAME="Binary_notes-HP-UX" HREF="manual.html#Binary_notes-HP-UX">2.2.5 Installing MySQL on HP-UX</A>
<LI><A NAME="Installing_binary" HREF="manual.html#Installing_binary">2.2.6 Installing MySQL on Other Unix-like Systems</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="Installing_source" HREF="manual.html#Installing_source">2.3 MySQL Installation Using a Source Distribution</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="Quick_install" HREF="manual.html#Quick_install">2.3.1 Quick Source Installation Overview</A>
<LI><A NAME="configure_options" HREF="manual.html#configure_options">2.3.2 Typical <CODE>configure</CODE> Options</A>
<LI><A NAME="Installing_source_tree" HREF="manual.html#Installing_source_tree">2.3.3 Installing from the Development Source Tree</A>
<LI><A NAME="Compilation_problems" HREF="manual.html#Compilation_problems">2.3.4 Dealing With Problems Compiling MySQL</A>
<LI><A NAME="MIT-pthreads" HREF="manual.html#MIT-pthreads">2.3.5 MIT-pthreads Notes</A>
<LI><A NAME="Windows_source_build" HREF="manual.html#Windows_source_build">2.3.6 Installing MySQL from Source on Windows</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="Windows_VC++_Build" HREF="manual.html#Windows_VC++_Build">2.3.6.1 Building MySQL Using VC++</A>
<LI><A NAME="Windows_BitKeeper_Build" HREF="manual.html#Windows_BitKeeper_Build">2.3.6.2 Creating a Windows Source Package from the Latest Development Source</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="Windows_client_compiling" HREF="manual.html#Windows_client_compiling">2.3.7 Compiling MySQL Clients on Windows</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="Post-installation" HREF="manual.html#Post-installation">2.4 Post-installation Setup and Testing</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="Windows_post-installation" HREF="manual.html#Windows_post-installation">2.4.1 Windows Post-installation Procedures</A>
<LI><A NAME="Unix_post-installation" HREF="manual.html#Unix_post-installation">2.4.2 Unix Post-installation Procedures</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="mysql_install_db" HREF="manual.html#mysql_install_db">2.4.2.1 Problems Running <CODE>mysql_install_db</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="Automatic_start" HREF="manual.html#Automatic_start">2.4.2.2 Starting and Stopping MySQL Automatically</A>
<LI><A NAME="Starting_server" HREF="manual.html#Starting_server">2.4.2.3 Starting and Troubleshooting the MySQL Server</A>
</UL>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="Upgrade" HREF="manual.html#Upgrade">2.5 Upgrading/Downgrading MySQL</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="Upgrading-from-4.1" HREF="manual.html#Upgrading-from-4.1">2.5.1 Upgrading from Version 4.1 to 5.0</A>
<LI><A NAME="Upgrading-from-4.0" HREF="manual.html#Upgrading-from-4.0">2.5.2 Upgrading from Version 4.0 to 4.1</A>
<LI><A NAME="Upgrading-from-3.23" HREF="manual.html#Upgrading-from-3.23">2.5.3 Upgrading from Version 3.23 to 4.0</A>
<LI><A NAME="Upgrading-from-3.22" HREF="manual.html#Upgrading-from-3.22">2.5.4 Upgrading from Version 3.22 to 3.23</A>
<LI><A NAME="Upgrading-from-3.21" HREF="manual.html#Upgrading-from-3.21">2.5.5 Upgrading from Version 3.21 to 3.22</A>
<LI><A NAME="Upgrading-from-3.20" HREF="manual.html#Upgrading-from-3.20">2.5.6 Upgrading from Version 3.20 to 3.21</A>
<LI><A NAME="Windows_upgrading" HREF="manual.html#Windows_upgrading">2.5.7 Upgrading MySQL under Windows</A>
<LI><A NAME="Upgrading-grant-tables" HREF="manual.html#Upgrading-grant-tables">2.5.8 Upgrading the Grant Tables</A>
<LI><A NAME="Upgrading-to-arch" HREF="manual.html#Upgrading-to-arch">2.5.9 Copying MySQL Databases to Another Machine</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="Operating_System_Specific_Notes" HREF="manual.html#Operating_System_Specific_Notes">2.6 Operating System Specific Notes</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="Linux" HREF="manual.html#Linux">2.6.1 Linux Notes</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="Linux-OS" HREF="manual.html#Linux-OS">2.6.1.1 Linux Operating System Notes</A>
<LI><A NAME="Binary_notes-Linux" HREF="manual.html#Binary_notes-Linux">2.6.1.2 Linux Binary Distribution Notes</A>
<LI><A NAME="Source_notes-Linux" HREF="manual.html#Source_notes-Linux">2.6.1.3 Linux Source Distribution Notes</A>
<LI><A NAME="Linux-post-install" HREF="manual.html#Linux-post-install">2.6.1.4 Linux Post-installation Notes</A>
<LI><A NAME="Linux-x86" HREF="manual.html#Linux-x86">2.6.1.5 Linux x86 Notes</A>
<LI><A NAME="Linux-SPARC" HREF="manual.html#Linux-SPARC">2.6.1.6 Linux SPARC Notes</A>
<LI><A NAME="Linux-Alpha" HREF="manual.html#Linux-Alpha">2.6.1.7 Linux Alpha Notes</A>
<LI><A NAME="Linux-PowerPC" HREF="manual.html#Linux-PowerPC">2.6.1.8 Linux PowerPC Notes</A>
<LI><A NAME="Linux-MIPS" HREF="manual.html#Linux-MIPS">2.6.1.9 Linux MIPS Notes</A>
<LI><A NAME="Linux-IA-64" HREF="manual.html#Linux-IA-64">2.6.1.10 Linux IA-64 Notes</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="Mac_OS_X" HREF="manual.html#Mac_OS_X">2.6.2 Mac OS X Notes</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="Mac_OS_X_10.x" HREF="manual.html#Mac_OS_X_10.x">2.6.2.1 Mac OS X 10.x (Darwin)</A>
<LI><A NAME="Mac_OS_X_Server" HREF="manual.html#Mac_OS_X_Server">2.6.2.2 Mac OS X Server 1.2 (Rhapsody)</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="Solaris" HREF="manual.html#Solaris">2.6.3 Solaris Notes</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="Solaris_2.7" HREF="manual.html#Solaris_2.7">2.6.3.1 Solaris 2.7/2.8 Notes</A>
<LI><A NAME="Solaris_x86" HREF="manual.html#Solaris_x86">2.6.3.2 Solaris x86 Notes</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="BSD_Notes" HREF="manual.html#BSD_Notes">2.6.4 BSD Notes</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="FreeBSD" HREF="manual.html#FreeBSD">2.6.4.1 FreeBSD Notes</A>
<LI><A NAME="NetBSD" HREF="manual.html#NetBSD">2.6.4.2 NetBSD Notes</A>
<LI><A NAME="OpenBSD" HREF="manual.html#OpenBSD">2.6.4.3 OpenBSD 2.5 Notes</A>
<LI><A NAME="OpenBSD_2.8" HREF="manual.html#OpenBSD_2.8">2.6.4.4 OpenBSD 2.8 Notes</A>
<LI><A NAME="BSDI" HREF="manual.html#BSDI">2.6.4.5 BSD/OS Version 2.x Notes</A>
<LI><A NAME="BSDI3" HREF="manual.html#BSDI3">2.6.4.6 BSD/OS Version 3.x Notes</A>
<LI><A NAME="BSDI4" HREF="manual.html#BSDI4">2.6.4.7 BSD/OS Version 4.x Notes</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="Other_Unix_Notes" HREF="manual.html#Other_Unix_Notes">2.6.5 Other Unix Notes</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="HP-UX_10.20" HREF="manual.html#HP-UX_10.20">2.6.5.1 HP-UX Version 10.20 Notes</A>
<LI><A NAME="HP-UX_11.x" HREF="manual.html#HP-UX_11.x">2.6.5.2 HP-UX Version 11.x Notes</A>
<LI><A NAME="IBM-AIX" HREF="manual.html#IBM-AIX">2.6.5.3 IBM-AIX notes</A>
<LI><A NAME="SunOS" HREF="manual.html#SunOS">2.6.5.4 SunOS 4 Notes</A>
<LI><A NAME="Alpha-DEC-UNIX" HREF="manual.html#Alpha-DEC-UNIX">2.6.5.5 Alpha-DEC-UNIX Notes (Tru64)</A>
<LI><A NAME="Alpha-DEC-OSF1" HREF="manual.html#Alpha-DEC-OSF1">2.6.5.6 Alpha-DEC-OSF/1 Notes</A>
<LI><A NAME="SGI-Irix" HREF="manual.html#SGI-Irix">2.6.5.7 SGI Irix Notes</A>
<LI><A NAME="SCO" HREF="manual.html#SCO">2.6.5.8 SCO Notes</A>
<LI><A NAME="SCO_UnixWare" HREF="manual.html#SCO_UnixWare">2.6.5.9 SCO UnixWare Version 7.1.x Notes</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="OS_2" HREF="manual.html#OS_2">2.6.6 OS/2 Notes</A>
<LI><A NAME="BeOS" HREF="manual.html#BeOS">2.6.7 BeOS Notes</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="Perl_support" HREF="manual.html#Perl_support">2.7 Perl Installation Notes</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="Perl_installation" HREF="manual.html#Perl_installation">2.7.1 Installing Perl on Unix</A>
<LI><A NAME="ActiveState_Perl" HREF="manual.html#ActiveState_Perl">2.7.2 Installing ActiveState Perl on Windows</A>
<LI><A NAME="Perl_support_problems" HREF="manual.html#Perl_support_problems">2.7.3 Problems Using the Perl <CODE>DBI</CODE>/<CODE>DBD</CODE> Interface</A>
</UL>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="Tutorial" HREF="manual.html#Tutorial">3 MySQL Tutorial</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="Connecting-disconnecting" HREF="manual.html#Connecting-disconnecting">3.1 Connecting to and Disconnecting from the Server</A>
<LI><A NAME="Entering_queries" HREF="manual.html#Entering_queries">3.2 Entering Queries</A>
<LI><A NAME="Database_use" HREF="manual.html#Database_use">3.3 Creating and Using a Database</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="Creating_database" HREF="manual.html#Creating_database">3.3.1 Creating and Selecting a Database</A>
<LI><A NAME="Creating_tables" HREF="manual.html#Creating_tables">3.3.2 Creating a Table</A>
<LI><A NAME="Loading_tables" HREF="manual.html#Loading_tables">3.3.3 Loading Data into a Table</A>
<LI><A NAME="Retrieving_data" HREF="manual.html#Retrieving_data">3.3.4 Retrieving Information from a Table</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="Selecting_all" HREF="manual.html#Selecting_all">3.3.4.1 Selecting All Data</A>
<LI><A NAME="Selecting_rows" HREF="manual.html#Selecting_rows">3.3.4.2 Selecting Particular Rows</A>
<LI><A NAME="Selecting_columns" HREF="manual.html#Selecting_columns">3.3.4.3 Selecting Particular Columns</A>
<LI><A NAME="Sorting_rows" HREF="manual.html#Sorting_rows">3.3.4.4 Sorting Rows</A>
<LI><A NAME="Date_calculations" HREF="manual.html#Date_calculations">3.3.4.5 Date Calculations</A>
<LI><A NAME="Working_with_NULL" HREF="manual.html#Working_with_NULL">3.3.4.6 Working with <CODE>NULL</CODE> Values</A>
<LI><A NAME="Pattern_matching" HREF="manual.html#Pattern_matching">3.3.4.7 Pattern Matching</A>
<LI><A NAME="Counting_rows" HREF="manual.html#Counting_rows">3.3.4.8 Counting Rows</A>
<LI><A NAME="Multiple_tables" HREF="manual.html#Multiple_tables">3.3.4.9 Using More Than one Table</A>
</UL>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="Getting_information" HREF="manual.html#Getting_information">3.4 Getting Information About Databases and Tables</A>
<LI><A NAME="Batch_mode" HREF="manual.html#Batch_mode">3.5 Using <CODE>mysql</CODE> in Batch Mode</A>
<LI><A NAME="Examples" HREF="manual.html#Examples">3.6 Examples of Common Queries</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="example-Maximum-column" HREF="manual.html#example-Maximum-column">3.6.1 The Maximum Value for a Column</A>
<LI><A NAME="example-Maximum-row" HREF="manual.html#example-Maximum-row">3.6.2 The Row Holding the Maximum of a Certain Column</A>
<LI><A NAME="example-Maximum-column-group" HREF="manual.html#example-Maximum-column-group">3.6.3 Maximum of Column per Group</A>
<LI><A NAME="example-Maximum-column-group-row" HREF="manual.html#example-Maximum-column-group-row">3.6.4 The Rows Holding the Group-wise Maximum of a Certain Field</A>
<LI><A NAME="example-user-variables" HREF="manual.html#example-user-variables">3.6.5 Using User Variables</A>
<LI><A NAME="example-Foreign_keys" HREF="manual.html#example-Foreign_keys">3.6.6 Using Foreign Keys</A>
<LI><A NAME="Searching_on_two_keys" HREF="manual.html#Searching_on_two_keys">3.6.7 Searching on Two Keys</A>
<LI><A NAME="Calculating_days" HREF="manual.html#Calculating_days">3.6.8 Calculating Visits Per Day</A>
<LI><A NAME="example-AUTO_INCREMENT" HREF="manual.html#example-AUTO_INCREMENT">3.6.9 Using <CODE>AUTO_INCREMENT</CODE></A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="Twin" HREF="manual.html#Twin">3.7 Queries from the Twin Project</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="Twin_pool" HREF="manual.html#Twin_pool">3.7.1 Find All Non-distributed Twins</A>
<LI><A NAME="Twin_event" HREF="manual.html#Twin_event">3.7.2 Show a Table of Twin Pair Status</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="Apache" HREF="manual.html#Apache">3.8 Using MySQL with Apache</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="Using_MySQL_Programs" HREF="manual.html#Using_MySQL_Programs">4 Using MySQL Programs</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="Program_Overview" HREF="manual.html#Program_Overview">4.1 Overview of MySQL Programs</A>
<LI><A NAME="Invoking_Programs" HREF="manual.html#Invoking_Programs">4.2 Invoking MySQL Programs</A>
<LI><A NAME="Program_Options" HREF="manual.html#Program_Options">4.3 Specifying Program Options</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="Command-line_options" HREF="manual.html#Command-line_options">4.3.1 Using Options on the Command Line</A>
<LI><A NAME="Option_files" HREF="manual.html#Option_files">4.3.2 Using Option Files</A>
<LI><A NAME="Environment_variable_options" HREF="manual.html#Environment_variable_options">4.3.3 Using Environment Variables to Specify Options</A>
<LI><A NAME="Program_variables" HREF="manual.html#Program_variables">4.3.4 Using Options to Set Program Variables</A>
</UL>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="MySQL_Database_Administration" HREF="manual.html#MySQL_Database_Administration">5 Database Administration</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="Server-Side_Scripts" HREF="manual.html#Server-Side_Scripts">5.1 The MySQL Server and Server Startup Scripts</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="Server-Side_Overview" HREF="manual.html#Server-Side_Overview">5.1.1 Overview of the Server-Side Scripts and Utilities</A>
<LI><A NAME="mysqld-max" HREF="manual.html#mysqld-max">5.1.2 <CODE>mysqld-max</CODE>, An Extended <CODE>mysqld</CODE> Server</A>
<LI><A NAME="mysqld_safe" HREF="manual.html#mysqld_safe">5.1.3 <CODE>mysqld_safe</CODE>, The Wrapper Around <CODE>mysqld</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="mysql.server" HREF="manual.html#mysql.server">5.1.4 <CODE>mysql.server</CODE>, A Server Startup Script for Run Directories</A>
<LI><A NAME="mysqld_multi" HREF="manual.html#mysqld_multi">5.1.5 <CODE>mysqld_multi</CODE>, A Program for Managing Multiple MySQL Servers</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="Configuring_MySQL" HREF="manual.html#Configuring_MySQL">5.2 Configuring MySQL</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="Server_options" HREF="manual.html#Server_options">5.2.1 <CODE>mysqld</CODE> Command-line Options</A>
<LI><A NAME="Server_SQL_mode" HREF="manual.html#Server_SQL_mode">5.2.2 The Server SQL Mode</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="Security" HREF="manual.html#Security">5.3 General Security Issues</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="Security_guidelines" HREF="manual.html#Security_guidelines">5.3.1 General Security Guidelines</A>
<LI><A NAME="Security_against_attack" HREF="manual.html#Security_against_attack">5.3.2 Making MySQL Secure Against Attackers</A>
<LI><A NAME="Privileges_options" HREF="manual.html#Privileges_options">5.3.3 Startup Options for <CODE>mysqld</CODE> Concerning Security</A>
<LI><A NAME="LOAD_DATA_LOCAL" HREF="manual.html#LOAD_DATA_LOCAL">5.3.4 Security Issues with <CODE>LOAD DATA LOCAL</CODE></A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="Privilege_system" HREF="manual.html#Privilege_system">5.4 The MySQL Access Privilege System</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="What_Privileges" HREF="manual.html#What_Privileges">5.4.1 What the Privilege System Does</A>
<LI><A NAME="Privileges" HREF="manual.html#Privileges">5.4.2 How the Privilege System Works</A>
<LI><A NAME="Privileges_provided" HREF="manual.html#Privileges_provided">5.4.3 Privileges Provided by MySQL</A>
<LI><A NAME="Connecting" HREF="manual.html#Connecting">5.4.4 Connecting to the MySQL Server</A>
<LI><A NAME="Connection_access" HREF="manual.html#Connection_access">5.4.5 Access Control, Stage 1: Connection Verification</A>
<LI><A NAME="Request_access" HREF="manual.html#Request_access">5.4.6 Access Control, Stage 2: Request Verification</A>
<LI><A NAME="Password_hashing" HREF="manual.html#Password_hashing">5.4.7 Password Hashing in MySQL 4.1</A>
<LI><A NAME="Access_denied" HREF="manual.html#Access_denied">5.4.9 Causes of <CODE>Access denied</CODE> Errors</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="User_Account_Management" HREF="manual.html#User_Account_Management">5.5 MySQL User Account Management</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="User_names" HREF="manual.html#User_names">5.5.1 MySQL Usernames and Passwords</A>
<LI><A NAME="Privilege_changes" HREF="manual.html#Privilege_changes">5.5.2 When Privilege Changes Take Effect</A>
<LI><A NAME="Default_privileges" HREF="manual.html#Default_privileges">5.5.3 Setting Up the Initial MySQL Privileges</A>
<LI><A NAME="Adding_users" HREF="manual.html#Adding_users">5.5.4 Adding New Users to MySQL</A>
<LI><A NAME="Drop_user" HREF="manual.html#Drop_user">5.5.5 Deleting Users from MySQL</A>
<LI><A NAME="User_resources" HREF="manual.html#User_resources">5.5.6 Limiting user resources</A>
<LI><A NAME="Passwords" HREF="manual.html#Passwords">5.5.7 Setting Up Passwords</A>
<LI><A NAME="Password_security" HREF="manual.html#Password_security">5.5.8 Keeping Your Password Secure</A>
<LI><A NAME="Secure_connections" HREF="manual.html#Secure_connections">5.5.9 Using Secure Connections</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="Secure_basics" HREF="manual.html#Secure_basics">5.5.9.1 Basics</A>
<LI><A NAME="Secure_requirements" HREF="manual.html#Secure_requirements">5.5.9.2 Requirements</A>
<LI><A NAME="Secure_create_certs" HREF="manual.html#Secure_create_certs">5.5.9.3 Setting Up SSL Certificates for MySQL</A>
<LI><A NAME="Secure_GRANT" HREF="manual.html#Secure_GRANT">5.5.9.4 SSL <CODE>GRANT</CODE> Options</A>
<LI><A NAME="SSL_options" HREF="manual.html#SSL_options">5.5.9.5 SSL Command-line Options</A>
<LI><A NAME="Windows_and_SSH" HREF="manual.html#Windows_and_SSH">5.5.9.6 Connecting to MySQL Remotely from Windows with SSH</A>
</UL>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="Disaster_Prevention" HREF="manual.html#Disaster_Prevention">5.6 Disaster Prevention and Recovery</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="Backup" HREF="manual.html#Backup">5.6.1 Database Backups</A>
<LI><A NAME="Table_maintenance" HREF="manual.html#Table_maintenance">5.6.2 Using <CODE>myisamchk</CODE> for Table Maintenance and Crash Recovery</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="myisamchk_syntax" HREF="manual.html#myisamchk_syntax">5.6.2.1 <CODE>myisamchk</CODE> Invocation Syntax</A>
<LI><A NAME="myisamchk_general_options" HREF="manual.html#myisamchk_general_options">5.6.2.2 General Options for <CODE>myisamchk</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="myisamchk_check_options" HREF="manual.html#myisamchk_check_options">5.6.2.3 Check Options for <CODE>myisamchk</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="myisamchk_repair_options" HREF="manual.html#myisamchk_repair_options">5.6.2.4 Repair Options for myisamchk</A>
<LI><A NAME="myisamchk_other_options" HREF="manual.html#myisamchk_other_options">5.6.2.5 Other Options for <CODE>myisamchk</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="myisamchk_memory" HREF="manual.html#myisamchk_memory">5.6.2.6 <CODE>myisamchk</CODE> Memory Usage</A>
<LI><A NAME="Crash_recovery" HREF="manual.html#Crash_recovery">5.6.2.7 Using <CODE>myisamchk</CODE> for Crash Recovery</A>
<LI><A NAME="Check" HREF="manual.html#Check">5.6.2.8 How to Check Tables for Errors</A>
<LI><A NAME="Repair" HREF="manual.html#Repair">5.6.2.9 How to Repair Tables</A>
<LI><A NAME="Optimisation" HREF="manual.html#Optimisation">5.6.2.10 Table Optimization</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="Maintenance_regimen" HREF="manual.html#Maintenance_regimen">5.6.3 Setting Up a Table Maintenance Regimen</A>
<LI><A NAME="Table-info" HREF="manual.html#Table-info">5.6.4 Getting Information About a Table</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="Localisation" HREF="manual.html#Localisation">5.7 MySQL Localization and International Usage</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="Character_sets" HREF="manual.html#Character_sets">5.7.1 The Character Set Used for Data and Sorting</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="German_character_set" HREF="manual.html#German_character_set">5.7.1.1 German character set</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="Languages" HREF="manual.html#Languages">5.7.2 Non-English Error Messages</A>
<LI><A NAME="Adding_character_set" HREF="manual.html#Adding_character_set">5.7.3 Adding a New Character Set</A>
<LI><A NAME="Character_arrays" HREF="manual.html#Character_arrays">5.7.4 The Character Definition Arrays</A>
<LI><A NAME="String_collating" HREF="manual.html#String_collating">5.7.5 String Collating Support</A>
<LI><A NAME="Multi-byte_characters" HREF="manual.html#Multi-byte_characters">5.7.6 Multi-byte Character Support</A>
<LI><A NAME="Problems_with_character_sets" HREF="manual.html#Problems_with_character_sets">5.7.7 Problems With Character Sets</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="Log_Files" HREF="manual.html#Log_Files">5.8 The MySQL Log Files</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="Error_log" HREF="manual.html#Error_log">5.8.1 The Error Log</A>
<LI><A NAME="Query_log" HREF="manual.html#Query_log">5.8.2 The General Query Log</A>
<LI><A NAME="Update_log" HREF="manual.html#Update_log">5.8.3 The Update Log</A>
<LI><A NAME="Binary_log" HREF="manual.html#Binary_log">5.8.4 The Binary Log</A>
<LI><A NAME="Slow_query_log" HREF="manual.html#Slow_query_log">5.8.5 The Slow Query Log</A>
<LI><A NAME="Log_file_maintenance" HREF="manual.html#Log_file_maintenance">5.8.6 Log File Maintenance</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="Multiple_servers" HREF="manual.html#Multiple_servers">5.9 Running Multiple MySQL Servers on the Same Machine</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="Multiple_Windows_servers" HREF="manual.html#Multiple_Windows_servers">5.9.1 Running Multiple Servers on Windows</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="Multiple_Windows_command-line_servers" HREF="manual.html#Multiple_Windows_command-line_servers">5.9.1.1 Starting Multiple Windows Servers at the Command Line</A>
<LI><A NAME="Multiple_Windows_services" HREF="manual.html#Multiple_Windows_services">5.9.1.2 Starting Multiple Windows Servers as Services</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="Multiple_Unix_servers" HREF="manual.html#Multiple_Unix_servers">5.9.2 Running Multiple Servers on Unix</A>
<LI><A NAME="Multiple-server_clients" HREF="manual.html#Multiple-server_clients">5.9.3 Using Client Programs in a Multiple-Server Environment</A>
</UL>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="Replication" HREF="manual.html#Replication">6 Replication in MySQL</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="Replication_Intro" HREF="manual.html#Replication_Intro">6.1 Introduction to Replication</A>
<LI><A NAME="Replication_Implementation" HREF="manual.html#Replication_Implementation">6.2 Replication Implementation Overview</A>
<LI><A NAME="Replication_Implementation_Details" HREF="manual.html#Replication_Implementation_Details">6.3 Replication Implementation Details</A>
<LI><A NAME="Replication_HOWTO" HREF="manual.html#Replication_HOWTO">6.4 How to Set Up Replication</A>
<LI><A NAME="Replication_Upgrade" HREF="manual.html#Replication_Upgrade">6.5 Upgrading a Replication Setup - Mixing Different MySQL Versions</A>
<LI><A NAME="Replication_Features" HREF="manual.html#Replication_Features">6.6 Replication Features and Known Problems</A>
<LI><A NAME="Replication_Options" HREF="manual.html#Replication_Options">6.7 Replication Startup Options</A>
<LI><A NAME="Replication_FAQ" HREF="manual.html#Replication_FAQ">6.8 Replication FAQ</A>
<LI><A NAME="Replication_Problems" HREF="manual.html#Replication_Problems">6.9 Troubleshooting Replication</A>
<LI><A NAME="Replication_Bugs" HREF="manual.html#Replication_Bugs">6.10 Reporting Replication Bugs</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="MySQL_Optimisation" HREF="manual.html#MySQL_Optimisation">7 MySQL Optimization</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="Optimise_Overview" HREF="manual.html#Optimise_Overview">7.1 Optimization Overview</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="Design_Limitations" HREF="manual.html#Design_Limitations">7.1.1 MySQL Design Limitations/Tradeoffs</A>
<LI><A NAME="Portability" HREF="manual.html#Portability">7.1.2 Portability</A>
<LI><A NAME="Internal_use" HREF="manual.html#Internal_use">7.1.3 What We Have Used MySQL For</A>
<LI><A NAME="MySQL_Benchmarks" HREF="manual.html#MySQL_Benchmarks">7.1.4 The MySQL Benchmark Suite</A>
<LI><A NAME="Custom_Benchmarks" HREF="manual.html#Custom_Benchmarks">7.1.5 Using Your Own Benchmarks</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="Query_Speed" HREF="manual.html#Query_Speed">7.2 Optimizing <CODE>SELECT</CODE> Statements and Other Queries</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="EXPLAIN" HREF="manual.html#EXPLAIN">7.2.1 <CODE>EXPLAIN</CODE> Syntax (Get Information About a <CODE>SELECT</CODE>)</A>
<LI><A NAME="Estimating_performance" HREF="manual.html#Estimating_performance">7.2.2 Estimating Query Performance</A>
<LI><A NAME="SELECT_speed" HREF="manual.html#SELECT_speed">7.2.3 Speed of <CODE>SELECT</CODE> Queries</A>
<LI><A NAME="Where_optimisations" HREF="manual.html#Where_optimisations">7.2.4 How MySQL Optimizes <CODE>WHERE</CODE> Clauses</A>
<LI><A NAME="OR_optimizations" HREF="manual.html#OR_optimizations">7.2.5 How MySQL Optimizes <CODE>OR</CODE> Clauses</A>
<LI><A NAME="IS_NULL_optimisation" HREF="manual.html#IS_NULL_optimisation">7.2.6 How MySQL Optimizes <CODE>IS NULL</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="DISTINCT_optimisation" HREF="manual.html#DISTINCT_optimisation">7.2.7 How MySQL Optimizes <CODE>DISTINCT</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="LEFT_JOIN_optimisation" HREF="manual.html#LEFT_JOIN_optimisation">7.2.8 How MySQL Optimizes <CODE>LEFT JOIN</CODE> and <CODE>RIGHT JOIN</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="ORDER_BY_optimisation" HREF="manual.html#ORDER_BY_optimisation">7.2.9 How MySQL Optimizes <CODE>ORDER BY</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="LIMIT_optimisation" HREF="manual.html#LIMIT_optimisation">7.2.10 How MySQL Optimizes <CODE>LIMIT</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="Insert_speed" HREF="manual.html#Insert_speed">7.2.11 Speed of <CODE>INSERT</CODE> Queries</A>
<LI><A NAME="Update_speed" HREF="manual.html#Update_speed">7.2.12 Speed of <CODE>UPDATE</CODE> Queries</A>
<LI><A NAME="Delete_speed" HREF="manual.html#Delete_speed">7.2.13 Speed of <CODE>DELETE</CODE> Queries</A>
<LI><A NAME="Tips" HREF="manual.html#Tips">7.2.14 Other Optimization Tips</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="Locking_Issues" HREF="manual.html#Locking_Issues">7.3 Locking Issues</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="Internal_locking" HREF="manual.html#Internal_locking">7.3.1 How MySQL Locks Tables</A>
<LI><A NAME="Table_locking" HREF="manual.html#Table_locking">7.3.2 Table Locking Issues</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="Optimising_Database_Structure" HREF="manual.html#Optimising_Database_Structure">7.4 Optimizing Database Structure</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="Design" HREF="manual.html#Design">7.4.1 Design Choices</A>
<LI><A NAME="Data_size" HREF="manual.html#Data_size">7.4.2 Get Your Data as Small as Possible</A>
<LI><A NAME="MySQL_indexes" HREF="manual.html#MySQL_indexes">7.4.3 How MySQL Uses Indexes</A>
<LI><A NAME="Indexes" HREF="manual.html#Indexes">7.4.4 Column Indexes</A>
<LI><A NAME="Multiple-column_indexes" HREF="manual.html#Multiple-column_indexes">7.4.5 Multiple-Column Indexes</A>
<LI><A NAME="MyISAM_key_cache" HREF="manual.html#MyISAM_key_cache">7.4.6 The MyISAM Key Cache</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="Shared_key_cache" HREF="manual.html#Shared_key_cache">7.4.6.1 Shared Key Cache Access</A>
<LI><A NAME="Multiple_key_caches" HREF="manual.html#Multiple_key_caches">7.4.6.2 Multiple Key Caches</A>
<LI><A NAME="Midpoint_insertion" HREF="manual.html#Midpoint_insertion">7.4.6.3 Midpoint Insertion Strategy</A>
<LI><A NAME="Index_preloading" HREF="manual.html#Index_preloading">7.4.6.4 Index Preloading</A>
<LI><A NAME="Key_cache_block_size" HREF="manual.html#Key_cache_block_size">7.4.6.5 Key Cache Block Size</A>
<LI><A NAME="Key_cache_restructuring" HREF="manual.html#Key_cache_restructuring">7.4.6.6 Restructuring a Key Cache</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="Open_tables" HREF="manual.html#Open_tables">7.4.7 How MySQL Counts Open Tables</A>
<LI><A NAME="Table_cache" HREF="manual.html#Table_cache">7.4.8 How MySQL Opens and Closes Tables</A>
<LI><A NAME="Creating_many_tables" HREF="manual.html#Creating_many_tables">7.4.9 Drawbacks to Creating Large Numbers of Tables in the Same Database</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="Optimising_the_Server" HREF="manual.html#Optimising_the_Server">7.5 Optimizing the MySQL Server</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="System" HREF="manual.html#System">7.5.1 System/Compile Time and Startup Parameter Tuning</A>
<LI><A NAME="Server_parameters" HREF="manual.html#Server_parameters">7.5.2 Tuning Server Parameters</A>
<LI><A NAME="Compile_and_link_options" HREF="manual.html#Compile_and_link_options">7.5.3 How Compiling and Linking Affects the Speed of MySQL</A>
<LI><A NAME="Memory_use" HREF="manual.html#Memory_use">7.5.4 How MySQL Uses Memory</A>
<LI><A NAME="DNS" HREF="manual.html#DNS">7.5.5 How MySQL uses DNS</A>
<LI><A NAME="SET_OPTION" HREF="manual.html#SET_OPTION">7.5.6 <CODE>SET</CODE> Syntax</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="Disk_issues" HREF="manual.html#Disk_issues">7.6 Disk Issues</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="Symbolic_links" HREF="manual.html#Symbolic_links">7.6.1 Using Symbolic Links</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="Symbolic_links_to_databases" HREF="manual.html#Symbolic_links_to_databases">7.6.1.1 Using Symbolic Links for Databases on Unix</A>
<LI><A NAME="Symbolic_links_to_tables" HREF="manual.html#Symbolic_links_to_tables">7.6.1.2 Using Symbolic Links for Tables on Unix</A>
<LI><A NAME="Windows_symbolic_links" HREF="manual.html#Windows_symbolic_links">7.6.1.3 Using Symbolic Links for Databases on Windows</A>
</UL>
</UL>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="Client-Side_Scripts" HREF="manual.html#Client-Side_Scripts">8 MySQL Client and Utility Programs</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="Client-Side_Overview" HREF="manual.html#Client-Side_Overview">8.1 Overview of the Client-Side Scripts and Utilities</A>
<LI><A NAME="mysql" HREF="manual.html#mysql">8.2 <CODE>mysql</CODE>, The Command-line Tool</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="Batch_Commands" HREF="manual.html#Batch_Commands">8.2.1 How to Run SQL Commands from a Text File</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="mysqlcc" HREF="manual.html#mysqlcc">8.3 <CODE>mysqlcc</CODE>, The MySQL Control Center</A>
<LI><A NAME="mysqladmin" HREF="manual.html#mysqladmin">8.4 <CODE>mysqladmin</CODE>, Administering a MySQL Server</A>
<LI><A NAME="mysqlbinlog" HREF="manual.html#mysqlbinlog">8.5 <CODE>mysqlbinlog</CODE>, Executing the queries from a binary log</A>
<LI><A NAME="Using_mysqlcheck" HREF="manual.html#Using_mysqlcheck">8.6 Using <CODE>mysqlcheck</CODE> for Table Maintenance and Crash Recovery</A>
<LI><A NAME="mysqldump" HREF="manual.html#mysqldump">8.7 <CODE>mysqldump</CODE>, Dumping Table Structure and Data</A>
<LI><A NAME="mysqlhotcopy" HREF="manual.html#mysqlhotcopy">8.8 <CODE>mysqlhotcopy</CODE>, Copying MySQL Databases and Tables</A>
<LI><A NAME="mysqlimport" HREF="manual.html#mysqlimport">8.9 <CODE>mysqlimport</CODE>, Importing Data from Text Files</A>
<LI><A NAME="mysqlshow" HREF="manual.html#mysqlshow">8.10 <CODE>mysqlshow</CODE>, Showing Databases, Tables, and Columns</A>
<LI><A NAME="myisampack" HREF="manual.html#myisampack">8.11 <CODE>myisampack</CODE>, The MySQL Compressed Read-only Table Generator</A>
<LI><A NAME="mysql_config" HREF="manual.html#mysql_config">8.12 <CODE>mysql_config</CODE>, Get compile options for compiling clients</A>
<LI><A NAME="perror" HREF="manual.html#perror">8.13 <CODE>perror</CODE>, Explaining Error Codes</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="Reference" HREF="manual.html#Reference">9 MySQL Language Reference</A>
<LI><A NAME="Language_Structure" HREF="manual.html#Language_Structure">10 Language Structure</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="Literals" HREF="manual.html#Literals">10.1 Literal Values</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="String_syntax" HREF="manual.html#String_syntax">10.1.1 Strings</A>
<LI><A NAME="Number_syntax" HREF="manual.html#Number_syntax">10.1.2 Numbers</A>
<LI><A NAME="Hexadecimal_values" HREF="manual.html#Hexadecimal_values">10.1.3 Hexadecimal Values</A>
<LI><A NAME="Boolean_values" HREF="manual.html#Boolean_values">10.1.4 Boolean Values</A>
<LI><A NAME="NULL_values" HREF="manual.html#NULL_values">10.1.5 <CODE>NULL</CODE> Values</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="Legal_names" HREF="manual.html#Legal_names">10.2 Database, Table, Index, Column, and Alias Names</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="Identifier_qualifiers" HREF="manual.html#Identifier_qualifiers">10.2.1 Identifier Qualifiers</A>
<LI><A NAME="Name_case_sensitivity" HREF="manual.html#Name_case_sensitivity">10.2.2 Identifier Case Sensitivity</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="Variables" HREF="manual.html#Variables">10.3 User Variables</A>
<LI><A NAME="System_Variables" HREF="manual.html#System_Variables">10.4 System Variables</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="Dynamic_System_Variables" HREF="manual.html#Dynamic_System_Variables">10.4.1 Dynamic System Variables</A>
<LI><A NAME="Structured_System_Variables" HREF="manual.html#Structured_System_Variables">10.4.2 Structured System Variables</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="Comments" HREF="manual.html#Comments">10.5 Comment Syntax</A>
<LI><A NAME="Reserved_words" HREF="manual.html#Reserved_words">10.6 Treatment of Reserved Words in MySQL</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="Column_types" HREF="manual.html#Column_types">11 Column Types</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="Numeric_types" HREF="manual.html#Numeric_types">11.1 Numeric Types</A>
<LI><A NAME="Date_and_time_types" HREF="manual.html#Date_and_time_types">11.2 Date and Time Types</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="Y2K_issues" HREF="manual.html#Y2K_issues">11.2.1 Y2K Issues and Date Types</A>
<LI><A NAME="DATETIME" HREF="manual.html#DATETIME">11.2.2 The <CODE>DATETIME</CODE>, <CODE>DATE</CODE>, and <CODE>TIMESTAMP</CODE> Types</A>
<LI><A NAME="TIME" HREF="manual.html#TIME">11.2.3 The <CODE>TIME</CODE> Type</A>
<LI><A NAME="YEAR" HREF="manual.html#YEAR">11.2.4 The <CODE>YEAR</CODE> Type</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="String_types" HREF="manual.html#String_types">11.3 String Types</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="CHAR" HREF="manual.html#CHAR">11.3.1 The <CODE>CHAR</CODE> and <CODE>VARCHAR</CODE> Types</A>
<LI><A NAME="BLOB" HREF="manual.html#BLOB">11.3.2 The <CODE>BLOB</CODE> and <CODE>TEXT</CODE> Types</A>
<LI><A NAME="ENUM" HREF="manual.html#ENUM">11.3.3 The <CODE>ENUM</CODE> Type</A>
<LI><A NAME="SET" HREF="manual.html#SET">11.3.4 The <CODE>SET</CODE> Type</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="Choosing_types" HREF="manual.html#Choosing_types">11.4 Choosing the Right Type for a Column</A>
<LI><A NAME="Other-vendor_column_types" HREF="manual.html#Other-vendor_column_types">11.5 Using Column Types from Other Database Engines</A>
<LI><A NAME="Storage_requirements" HREF="manual.html#Storage_requirements">11.6 Column Type Storage Requirements</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="Functions" HREF="manual.html#Functions">12 Functions and Operators</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="Non-typed_Operators" HREF="manual.html#Non-typed_Operators">12.1 Non-Type-Specific Operators and Functions</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="Parentheses" HREF="manual.html#Parentheses">12.1.1 Parentheses</A>
<LI><A NAME="Comparison_Operators" HREF="manual.html#Comparison_Operators">12.1.2 Comparison Operators</A>
<LI><A NAME="Logical_Operators" HREF="manual.html#Logical_Operators">12.1.3 Logical Operators</A>
<LI><A NAME="Control_flow_functions" HREF="manual.html#Control_flow_functions">12.1.4 Control Flow Functions</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="String_functions" HREF="manual.html#String_functions">12.2 String Functions</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="String_comparison_functions" HREF="manual.html#String_comparison_functions">12.2.1 String Comparison Functions</A>
<LI><A NAME="Case_Sensitivity_Operators" HREF="manual.html#Case_Sensitivity_Operators">12.2.2 Case-Sensitivity</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="Numeric_Functions" HREF="manual.html#Numeric_Functions">12.3 Numeric Functions</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="Arithmetic_functions" HREF="manual.html#Arithmetic_functions">12.3.1 Arithmetic Operations</A>
<LI><A NAME="Mathematical_functions" HREF="manual.html#Mathematical_functions">12.3.2 Mathematical Functions</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="Date_and_time_functions" HREF="manual.html#Date_and_time_functions">12.4 Date and Time Functions</A>
<LI><A NAME="Cast_Functions" HREF="manual.html#Cast_Functions">12.5 Cast Functions</A>
<LI><A NAME="Other_Functions" HREF="manual.html#Other_Functions">12.6 Other Functions</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="Bit_functions" HREF="manual.html#Bit_functions">12.6.1 Bit Functions</A>
<LI><A NAME="Encryption_functions" HREF="manual.html#Encryption_functions">12.6.2 Encryption Functions</A>
<LI><A NAME="Information_functions" HREF="manual.html#Information_functions">12.6.3 Information Functions</A>
<LI><A NAME="Miscellaneous_functions" HREF="manual.html#Miscellaneous_functions">12.6.4 Miscellaneous Functions</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="Group_by_functions_and_modifiers" HREF="manual.html#Group_by_functions_and_modifiers">12.7 Functions and Modifiers for Use with <CODE>GROUP BY</CODE> Clauses</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="GROUP-BY-Functions" HREF="manual.html#GROUP-BY-Functions">12.7.1 <CODE>GROUP BY</CODE> Functions</A>
<LI><A NAME="GROUP-BY-Modifiers" HREF="manual.html#GROUP-BY-Modifiers">12.7.2 <CODE>GROUP BY</CODE> Modifiers</A>
<LI><A NAME="GROUP-BY-hidden-fields" HREF="manual.html#GROUP-BY-hidden-fields">12.7.3 <CODE>GROUP BY</CODE> with Hidden Fields</A>
</UL>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="SQL_Syntax" HREF="manual.html#SQL_Syntax">13 SQL Statement Syntax</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="Data_Manipulation" HREF="manual.html#Data_Manipulation">13.1 Data Manipulation Statements</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="DELETE" HREF="manual.html#DELETE">13.1.1 <CODE>DELETE</CODE> Syntax</A>
<LI><A NAME="DO" HREF="manual.html#DO">13.1.2 <CODE>DO</CODE> Syntax</A>
<LI><A NAME="HANDLER" HREF="manual.html#HANDLER">13.1.3 <CODE>HANDLER</CODE> Syntax</A>
<LI><A NAME="INSERT" HREF="manual.html#INSERT">13.1.4 <CODE>INSERT</CODE> Syntax</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="INSERT_SELECT" HREF="manual.html#INSERT_SELECT">13.1.4.1 <CODE>INSERT ... SELECT</CODE> Syntax</A>
<LI><A NAME="INSERT_DELAYED" HREF="manual.html#INSERT_DELAYED">13.1.4.2 <CODE>INSERT DELAYED</CODE> Syntax</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="LOAD_DATA" HREF="manual.html#LOAD_DATA">13.1.5 <CODE>LOAD DATA INFILE</CODE> Syntax</A>
<LI><A NAME="REPLACE" HREF="manual.html#REPLACE">13.1.6 <CODE>REPLACE</CODE> Syntax</A>
<LI><A NAME="SELECT" HREF="manual.html#SELECT">13.1.7 <CODE>SELECT</CODE> Syntax</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="JOIN" HREF="manual.html#JOIN">13.1.7.1 <CODE>JOIN</CODE> Syntax</A>
<LI><A NAME="UNION" HREF="manual.html#UNION">13.1.7.2 <CODE>UNION</CODE> Syntax</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="Subqueries" HREF="manual.html#Subqueries">13.1.8 Subquery Syntax</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="Scalar_subqueries" HREF="manual.html#Scalar_subqueries">13.1.8.1 The Subquery as Scalar Operand</A>
<LI><A NAME="Comparisons_using_subqueries" HREF="manual.html#Comparisons_using_subqueries">13.1.8.2 Comparisons Using Subqueries</A>
<LI><A NAME="ANY_IN_SOME_subqueries" HREF="manual.html#ANY_IN_SOME_subqueries">13.1.8.3 Subqueries with <CODE>ANY</CODE>, <CODE>IN</CODE>, and <CODE>SOME</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="ALL_subqueries" HREF="manual.html#ALL_subqueries">13.1.8.4 Subqueries with <CODE>ALL</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="Correlated_subqueries" HREF="manual.html#Correlated_subqueries">13.1.8.5 Correlated Subqueries</A>
<LI><A NAME="EXISTS_and_NOT_EXISTS_subqueries" HREF="manual.html#EXISTS_and_NOT_EXISTS_subqueries">13.1.8.6 <CODE>EXISTS</CODE> and <CODE>NOT EXISTS</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="Row_subqueries" HREF="manual.html#Row_subqueries">13.1.8.7 Row Subqueries</A>
<LI><A NAME="Unnamed_views" HREF="manual.html#Unnamed_views">13.1.8.8 Subqueries in the <CODE>FROM</CODE> clause</A>
<LI><A NAME="Subquery_errors" HREF="manual.html#Subquery_errors">13.1.8.9 Subquery Errors</A>
<LI><A NAME="Optimising_subqueries" HREF="manual.html#Optimising_subqueries">13.1.8.10 Optimizing Subqueries</A>
<LI><A NAME="Rewriting_subqueries" HREF="manual.html#Rewriting_subqueries">13.1.8.11 Rewriting Subqueries for Earlier MySQL Versions</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="TRUNCATE" HREF="manual.html#TRUNCATE">13.1.9 <CODE>TRUNCATE</CODE> Syntax</A>
<LI><A NAME="UPDATE" HREF="manual.html#UPDATE">13.1.10 <CODE>UPDATE</CODE> Syntax</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="Data_Definition" HREF="manual.html#Data_Definition">13.2 Data Definition Statements</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="ALTER_DATABASE" HREF="manual.html#ALTER_DATABASE">13.2.1 <CODE>ALTER DATABASE</CODE> Syntax</A>
<LI><A NAME="ALTER_TABLE" HREF="manual.html#ALTER_TABLE">13.2.2 <CODE>ALTER TABLE</CODE> Syntax</A>
<LI><A NAME="CREATE_DATABASE" HREF="manual.html#CREATE_DATABASE">13.2.3 <CODE>CREATE DATABASE</CODE> Syntax</A>
<LI><A NAME="CREATE_INDEX" HREF="manual.html#CREATE_INDEX">13.2.4 <CODE>CREATE INDEX</CODE> Syntax</A>
<LI><A NAME="CREATE_TABLE" HREF="manual.html#CREATE_TABLE">13.2.5 <CODE>CREATE TABLE</CODE> Syntax</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="Silent_column_changes" HREF="manual.html#Silent_column_changes">13.2.5.1 Silent Column Specification Changes</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="DROP_DATABASE" HREF="manual.html#DROP_DATABASE">13.2.6 <CODE>DROP DATABASE</CODE> Syntax</A>
<LI><A NAME="DROP_INDEX" HREF="manual.html#DROP_INDEX">13.2.7 <CODE>DROP INDEX</CODE> Syntax</A>
<LI><A NAME="DROP_TABLE" HREF="manual.html#DROP_TABLE">13.2.8 <CODE>DROP TABLE</CODE> Syntax</A>
<LI><A NAME="RENAME_TABLE" HREF="manual.html#RENAME_TABLE">13.2.9 <CODE>RENAME TABLE</CODE> Syntax</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="Basic_User_Commands" HREF="manual.html#Basic_User_Commands">13.3 Basic MySQL User Utility Statements</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="DESCRIBE" HREF="manual.html#DESCRIBE">13.3.1 <CODE>DESCRIBE</CODE> Syntax (Get Information About Columns)</A>
<LI><A NAME="USE" HREF="manual.html#USE">13.3.2 <CODE>USE</CODE> Syntax</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="Transactional_Commands" HREF="manual.html#Transactional_Commands">13.4 MySQL Transactional and Locking Statements</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="COMMIT" HREF="manual.html#COMMIT">13.4.1 <CODE>START TRANSACTION</CODE>, <CODE>COMMIT</CODE>, and <CODE>ROLLBACK</CODE> Syntax</A>
<LI><A NAME="Cannot_roll_back" HREF="manual.html#Cannot_roll_back">13.4.2 Statements That Cannot Be Rolled Back</A>
<LI><A NAME="Implicit_commit" HREF="manual.html#Implicit_commit">13.4.3 Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit</A>
<LI><A NAME="Savepoints" HREF="manual.html#Savepoints">13.4.4 <CODE>SAVEPOINT</CODE> and <CODE>ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT</CODE> Syntax</A>
<LI><A NAME="LOCK_TABLES" HREF="manual.html#LOCK_TABLES">13.4.5 <CODE>LOCK TABLES</CODE> and <CODE>UNLOCK TABLES</CODE> Syntax</A>
<LI><A NAME="SET_TRANSACTION" HREF="manual.html#SET_TRANSACTION">13.4.6 <CODE>SET TRANSACTION</CODE> Syntax</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="Database_Administration" HREF="manual.html#Database_Administration">13.5 Database Administration Statements</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="Account_management_SQL" HREF="manual.html#Account_management_SQL">13.5.1 Account Management Statements</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="GRANT" HREF="manual.html#GRANT">13.5.1.1 <CODE>GRANT</CODE> and <CODE>REVOKE</CODE> Syntax</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="Table_maintenance_SQL" HREF="manual.html#Table_maintenance_SQL">13.5.2 Table Maintenance Statements</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="ANALYZE_TABLE" HREF="manual.html#ANALYZE_TABLE">13.5.2.1 <CODE>ANALYZE TABLE</CODE> Syntax</A>
<LI><A NAME="BACKUP_TABLE" HREF="manual.html#BACKUP_TABLE">13.5.2.2 <CODE>BACKUP TABLE</CODE> Syntax</A>
<LI><A NAME="CHECK_TABLE" HREF="manual.html#CHECK_TABLE">13.5.2.3 <CODE>CHECK TABLE</CODE> Syntax</A>
<LI><A NAME="CHECKSUM_TABLE" HREF="manual.html#CHECKSUM_TABLE">13.5.2.4 <CODE>CHECKSUM TABLE</CODE> Syntax</A>
<LI><A NAME="OPTIMIZE_TABLE" HREF="manual.html#OPTIMIZE_TABLE">13.5.2.5 <CODE>OPTIMIZE TABLE</CODE> Syntax</A>
<LI><A NAME="REPAIR_TABLE" HREF="manual.html#REPAIR_TABLE">13.5.2.6 <CODE>REPAIR TABLE</CODE> Syntax</A>
<LI><A NAME="RESTORE_TABLE" HREF="manual.html#RESTORE_TABLE">13.5.2.7 <CODE>RESTORE TABLE</CODE> Syntax</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="SHOW" HREF="manual.html#SHOW">13.5.3 <CODE>SHOW</CODE> Syntax</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="Show_database_info" HREF="manual.html#Show_database_info">13.5.3.1 Retrieving Information about Database, Tables, Columns, and Indexes</A>
<LI><A NAME="SHOW_TABLE_STATUS" HREF="manual.html#SHOW_TABLE_STATUS">13.5.3.2 <CODE>SHOW TABLE STATUS</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="SHOW_STATUS" HREF="manual.html#SHOW_STATUS">13.5.3.3 <CODE>SHOW STATUS</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="SHOW_VARIABLES" HREF="manual.html#SHOW_VARIABLES">13.5.3.4 <CODE>SHOW VARIABLES</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="SHOW_LOGS" HREF="manual.html#SHOW_LOGS">13.5.3.5 <CODE>SHOW [BDB] LOGS</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="SHOW_PROCESSLIST" HREF="manual.html#SHOW_PROCESSLIST">13.5.3.6 <CODE>SHOW PROCESSLIST</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="SHOW_GRANTS" HREF="manual.html#SHOW_GRANTS">13.5.3.7 <CODE>SHOW GRANTS</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="SHOW_CREATE_TABLE" HREF="manual.html#SHOW_CREATE_TABLE">13.5.3.8 <CODE>SHOW CREATE TABLE</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="SHOW_WARNINGS" HREF="manual.html#SHOW_WARNINGS">13.5.3.9 <CODE>SHOW WARNINGS | ERRORS</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="SHOW_TABLE_TYPES" HREF="manual.html#SHOW_TABLE_TYPES">13.5.3.10 <CODE>SHOW TABLE TYPES</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="SHOW_PRIVILEGES" HREF="manual.html#SHOW_PRIVILEGES">13.5.3.11 <CODE>SHOW PRIVILEGES</CODE></A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="Other_administrative_SQL" HREF="manual.html#Other_administrative_SQL">13.5.4 Other Administrative Statements</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="CACHE_INDEX" HREF="manual.html#CACHE_INDEX">13.5.4.1 <CODE>CACHE INDEX</CODE> Syntax</A>
<LI><A NAME="FLUSH" HREF="manual.html#FLUSH">13.5.4.2 <CODE>FLUSH</CODE> Syntax</A>
<LI><A NAME="KILL" HREF="manual.html#KILL">13.5.4.3 <CODE>KILL</CODE> Syntax</A>
<LI><A NAME="LOAD_INDEX" HREF="manual.html#LOAD_INDEX">13.5.4.4 <CODE>LOAD INDEX INTO CACHE</CODE> Syntax</A>
<LI><A NAME="PURGE_LOGS" HREF="manual.html#PURGE_LOGS">13.5.4.5 <CODE>PURGE MASTER LOGS</CODE> Syntax</A>
<LI><A NAME="RESET" HREF="manual.html#RESET">13.5.4.6 <CODE>RESET</CODE> Syntax</A>
</UL>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="Replication_SQL" HREF="manual.html#Replication_SQL">13.6 Replication Statements</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="Replication_Master_SQL" HREF="manual.html#Replication_Master_SQL">13.6.1 SQL Statements for Controlling Master Servers</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="PURGE_MASTER_LOGS" HREF="manual.html#PURGE_MASTER_LOGS">13.6.1.1 <CODE>PURGE MASTER LOGS</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="RESET_MASTER" HREF="manual.html#RESET_MASTER">13.6.1.2 <CODE>RESET MASTER</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="SET_SQL_LOG_BIN" HREF="manual.html#SET_SQL_LOG_BIN">13.6.1.3 <CODE>SET SQL_LOG_BIN</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="SHOW_BINLOG_EVENTS" HREF="manual.html#SHOW_BINLOG_EVENTS">13.6.1.4 <CODE>SHOW BINLOG EVENTS</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="SHOW_MASTER_STATUS" HREF="manual.html#SHOW_MASTER_STATUS">13.6.1.5 <CODE>SHOW MASTER STATUS</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="SHOW_MASTER_LOGS" HREF="manual.html#SHOW_MASTER_LOGS">13.6.1.6 <CODE>SHOW MASTER LOGS</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="SHOW_SLAVE_HOSTS" HREF="manual.html#SHOW_SLAVE_HOSTS">13.6.1.7 <CODE>SHOW SLAVE HOSTS</CODE></A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="Replication_Slave_SQL" HREF="manual.html#Replication_Slave_SQL">13.6.2 SQL Statements for Controlling Slave Servers</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="CHANGE_MASTER_TO" HREF="manual.html#CHANGE_MASTER_TO">13.6.2.1 <CODE>CHANGE MASTER TO</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="LOAD_DATA_FROM_MASTER" HREF="manual.html#LOAD_DATA_FROM_MASTER">13.6.2.2 <CODE>LOAD DATA FROM MASTER</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="LOAD_TABLE_FROM_MASTER" HREF="manual.html#LOAD_TABLE_FROM_MASTER">13.6.2.3 <CODE>LOAD TABLE tbl_name FROM MASTER</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="MASTER_POS_WAIT" HREF="manual.html#MASTER_POS_WAIT">13.6.2.4 <CODE>MASTER_POS_WAIT()</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="RESET_SLAVE" HREF="manual.html#RESET_SLAVE">13.6.2.5 <CODE>RESET SLAVE</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="SET_GLOBAL_SQL_SLAVE_SKIP_COUNTER" HREF="manual.html#SET_GLOBAL_SQL_SLAVE_SKIP_COUNTER">13.6.2.6 <CODE>SET GLOBAL SQL_SLAVE_SKIP_COUNTER</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="SHOW_SLAVE_STATUS" HREF="manual.html#SHOW_SLAVE_STATUS">13.6.2.7 <CODE>SHOW SLAVE STATUS</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="START_SLAVE" HREF="manual.html#START_SLAVE">13.6.2.8 <CODE>START SLAVE</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="STOP_SLAVE" HREF="manual.html#STOP_SLAVE">13.6.2.9 <CODE>STOP SLAVE</CODE></A>
</UL>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="Fulltext_Search" HREF="manual.html#Fulltext_Search">13.7 MySQL Full-text Search</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="Fulltext_Restrictions" HREF="manual.html#Fulltext_Restrictions">13.7.1 Full-text Restrictions</A>
<LI><A NAME="Fulltext_Fine-tuning" HREF="manual.html#Fulltext_Fine-tuning">13.7.2 Fine-tuning MySQL Full-text Search</A>
<LI><A NAME="Fulltext_TODO" HREF="manual.html#Fulltext_TODO">13.7.3 Full-text Search TODO</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="Query_Cache" HREF="manual.html#Query_Cache">13.8 MySQL Query Cache</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="Query_Cache_How" HREF="manual.html#Query_Cache_How">13.8.1 How the Query Cache Operates</A>
<LI><A NAME="Query_Cache_Configuration" HREF="manual.html#Query_Cache_Configuration">13.8.2 Query Cache Configuration</A>
<LI><A NAME="Query_Cache_in_SELECT" HREF="manual.html#Query_Cache_in_SELECT">13.8.3 Query Cache Options in <CODE>SELECT</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="Query_Cache_Status_and_Maintenance" HREF="manual.html#Query_Cache_Status_and_Maintenance">13.8.4 Query Cache Status and Maintenance</A>
</UL>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="Table_types" HREF="manual.html#Table_types">14 MySQL Table Types</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="MyISAM" HREF="manual.html#MyISAM">14.1 <CODE>MyISAM</CODE> Tables</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="Key_space" HREF="manual.html#Key_space">14.1.1 Space Needed for Keys</A>
<LI><A NAME="MyISAM_table_formats" HREF="manual.html#MyISAM_table_formats">14.1.2 <CODE>MyISAM</CODE> Table Formats</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="Static_format" HREF="manual.html#Static_format">14.1.2.1 Static (Fixed-length) Table Characteristics</A>
<LI><A NAME="Dynamic_format" HREF="manual.html#Dynamic_format">14.1.2.2 Dynamic Table Characteristics</A>
<LI><A NAME="Compressed_format" HREF="manual.html#Compressed_format">14.1.2.3 Compressed Table Characteristics</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="MyISAM_table_problems" HREF="manual.html#MyISAM_table_problems">14.1.3 <CODE>MyISAM</CODE> Table Problems</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="Corrupted_MyISAM_tables" HREF="manual.html#Corrupted_MyISAM_tables">14.1.3.1 Corrupted <CODE>MyISAM</CODE> Tables</A>
<LI><A NAME="MyISAM_table_close" HREF="manual.html#MyISAM_table_close">14.1.3.2 Clients is using or hasn't closed the table properly</A>
</UL>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="MERGE" HREF="manual.html#MERGE">14.2 <CODE>MERGE</CODE> Tables</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="MERGE_table_problems" HREF="manual.html#MERGE_table_problems">14.2.1 <CODE>MERGE</CODE> Table Problems</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="HEAP" HREF="manual.html#HEAP">14.3 <CODE>HEAP</CODE> Tables</A>
<LI><A NAME="InnoDB" HREF="manual.html#InnoDB">14.4 <CODE>InnoDB</CODE> Tables</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="InnoDB_overview" HREF="manual.html#InnoDB_overview">14.4.1 InnoDB Tables Overview</A>
<LI><A NAME="InnoDB_in_MySQL_3.23" HREF="manual.html#InnoDB_in_MySQL_3.23">14.4.2 InnoDB in MySQL Version 3.23</A>
<LI><A NAME="InnoDB_start" HREF="manual.html#InnoDB_start">14.4.3 InnoDB Startup Options</A>
<LI><A NAME="InnoDB_init" HREF="manual.html#InnoDB_init">14.4.4 Creating InnoDB Tablespace</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="Error_creating_InnoDB" HREF="manual.html#Error_creating_InnoDB">14.4.4.1 If Something Goes Wrong in Database Creation</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="Using_InnoDB_tables" HREF="manual.html#Using_InnoDB_tables">14.4.5 Creating InnoDB Tables</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="Converting_tables_to_InnoDB" HREF="manual.html#Converting_tables_to_InnoDB">14.4.5.1 Converting MyISAM Tables to InnoDB</A>
<LI><A NAME="InnoDB_foreign_key_constraints" HREF="manual.html#InnoDB_foreign_key_constraints">14.4.5.2 <CODE>FOREIGN KEY</CODE> Constraints</A>
<LI><A NAME="Multiple_tablespaces" HREF="manual.html#Multiple_tablespaces">14.4.5.3 Multiple tablespaces - putting each table into its own .ibd file</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="Adding_and_removing" HREF="manual.html#Adding_and_removing">14.4.6 Adding and Removing InnoDB Data and Log Files</A>
<LI><A NAME="Backing_up" HREF="manual.html#Backing_up">14.4.7 Backing up and Recovering an InnoDB Database</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="Forcing_recovery" HREF="manual.html#Forcing_recovery">14.4.7.1 Forcing recovery</A>
<LI><A NAME="InnoDB_checkpoints" HREF="manual.html#InnoDB_checkpoints">14.4.7.2 Checkpoints</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="Moving" HREF="manual.html#Moving">14.4.8 Moving an InnoDB Database to Another Machine</A>
<LI><A NAME="InnoDB_transaction_model" HREF="manual.html#InnoDB_transaction_model">14.4.9 InnoDB Transaction Model and Locking</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="InnoDB_transaction_isolation" HREF="manual.html#InnoDB_transaction_isolation">14.4.9.1 InnoDB and <CODE>SET ... TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL ...</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="InnoDB_consistent_read" HREF="manual.html#InnoDB_consistent_read">14.4.9.2 Consistent Non-Locking Read</A>
<LI><A NAME="InnoDB_locking_reads" HREF="manual.html#InnoDB_locking_reads">14.4.9.3 Locking Reads <CODE>SELECT ... FOR UPDATE</CODE> and <CODE>SELECT ... LOCK IN SHARE MODE</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="InnoDB_Next-key_locking" HREF="manual.html#InnoDB_Next-key_locking">14.4.9.4 Next-key Locking: Avoiding the Phantom Problem</A>
<LI><A NAME="InnoDB_Locks_set" HREF="manual.html#InnoDB_Locks_set">14.4.9.5 Locks Set by Different SQL Statements in <CODE>InnoDB</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="InnoDB_Deadlock_detection" HREF="manual.html#InnoDB_Deadlock_detection">14.4.9.6 Deadlock Detection and Rollback</A>
<LI><A NAME="InnoDB_Consistent_read_example" HREF="manual.html#InnoDB_Consistent_read_example">14.4.9.7 An Example of How the Consistent Read Works in <CODE>InnoDB</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="Innodb_deadlocks" HREF="manual.html#Innodb_deadlocks">14.4.9.8 How to Cope With Deadlocks</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="InnoDB_tuning" HREF="manual.html#InnoDB_tuning">14.4.10 Performance Tuning Tips</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="InnoDB_Monitor" HREF="manual.html#InnoDB_Monitor">14.4.10.1 <CODE>SHOW INNODB STATUS</CODE> and the <CODE>InnoDB</CODE> Monitors</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="Implementation" HREF="manual.html#Implementation">14.4.11 Implementation of Multi-versioning</A>
<LI><A NAME="Table_and_index" HREF="manual.html#Table_and_index">14.4.12 Table and Index Structures</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="InnoDB_physical_structure" HREF="manual.html#InnoDB_physical_structure">14.4.12.1 Physical Structure of an Index</A>
<LI><A NAME="InnoDB_Insert_buffering" HREF="manual.html#InnoDB_Insert_buffering">14.4.12.2 Insert Buffering</A>
<LI><A NAME="InnoDB_Adaptive_hash" HREF="manual.html#InnoDB_Adaptive_hash">14.4.12.3 Adaptive Hash Indexes</A>
<LI><A NAME="InnoDB_Physical_record" HREF="manual.html#InnoDB_Physical_record">14.4.12.4 Physical Record Structure</A>
<LI><A NAME="InnoDB_auto-increment_column" HREF="manual.html#InnoDB_auto-increment_column">14.4.12.5 How an <CODE>AUTO_INCREMENT</CODE> Column Works in InnoDB</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="File_space_management" HREF="manual.html#File_space_management">14.4.13 File Space Management and Disk I/O</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="InnoDB_Disk_I_O" HREF="manual.html#InnoDB_Disk_I_O">14.4.13.1 Disk I/O</A>
<LI><A NAME="InnoDB_File_space" HREF="manual.html#InnoDB_File_space">14.4.13.2 File Space Management</A>
<LI><A NAME="InnoDB_File_Defragmenting" HREF="manual.html#InnoDB_File_Defragmenting">14.4.13.3 Defragmenting a Table</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="Error_handling" HREF="manual.html#Error_handling">14.4.14 Error Handling</A>
<LI><A NAME="InnoDB_restrictions" HREF="manual.html#InnoDB_restrictions">14.4.15 Restrictions on InnoDB Tables</A>
<LI><A NAME="InnoDB_change_history" HREF="manual.html#InnoDB_change_history">14.4.16 InnoDB Change History</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="InnoDB_news-5.0.0" HREF="manual.html#InnoDB_news-5.0.0">14.4.16.1 MySQL/InnoDB-5.0.0, December 24, 2003</A>
<LI><A NAME="InnoDB_news-4.0.17" HREF="manual.html#InnoDB_news-4.0.17">14.4.16.2 MySQL/InnoDB-4.0.17, December 17, 2003</A>
<LI><A NAME="InnoDB_news-4.1.1" HREF="manual.html#InnoDB_news-4.1.1">14.4.16.3 MySQL/InnoDB-4.1.1, December 4, 2003</A>
<LI><A NAME="InnoDB_news-4.0.16" HREF="manual.html#InnoDB_news-4.0.16">14.4.16.4 MySQL/InnoDB-4.0.16, October 22, 2003</A>
<LI><A NAME="InnoDB_news-3.23.58" HREF="manual.html#InnoDB_news-3.23.58">14.4.16.5 MySQL/InnoDB-3.23.58, September 15, 2003</A>
<LI><A NAME="InnoDB_news-4.0.15" HREF="manual.html#InnoDB_news-4.0.15">14.4.16.6 MySQL/InnoDB-4.0.15, September 10, 2003</A>
<LI><A NAME="InnoDB_news-4.0.14" HREF="manual.html#InnoDB_news-4.0.14">14.4.16.7 MySQL/InnoDB-4.0.14, July 22, 2003</A>
<LI><A NAME="InnoDB_news-3.23.57" HREF="manual.html#InnoDB_news-3.23.57">14.4.16.8 MySQL/InnoDB-3.23.57, June 20, 2003</A>
<LI><A NAME="InnoDB_news-4.0.13" HREF="manual.html#InnoDB_news-4.0.13">14.4.16.9 MySQL/InnoDB-4.0.13, May 20, 2003</A>
<LI><A NAME="InnoDB_news-4.1.0" HREF="manual.html#InnoDB_news-4.1.0">14.4.16.10 MySQL/InnoDB-4.1.0, April 3, 2003</A>
<LI><A NAME="InnoDB_news-3.23.56" HREF="manual.html#InnoDB_news-3.23.56">14.4.16.11 MySQL/InnoDB-3.23.56, March 17, 2003</A>
<LI><A NAME="InnoDB_news-4.0.12" HREF="manual.html#InnoDB_news-4.0.12">14.4.16.12 MySQL/InnoDB-4.0.12, March 18, 2003</A>
<LI><A NAME="InnoDB_news-4.0.11" HREF="manual.html#InnoDB_news-4.0.11">14.4.16.13 MySQL/InnoDB-4.0.11, February 25, 2003</A>
<LI><A NAME="InnoDB_news-4.0.10" HREF="manual.html#InnoDB_news-4.0.10">14.4.16.14 MySQL/InnoDB-4.0.10, February 4, 2003</A>
<LI><A NAME="InnoDB_news-3.23.55" HREF="manual.html#InnoDB_news-3.23.55">14.4.16.15 MySQL/InnoDB-3.23.55, January 24, 2003</A>
<LI><A NAME="InnoDB_news-4.0.9" HREF="manual.html#InnoDB_news-4.0.9">14.4.16.16 MySQL/InnoDB-4.0.9, January 14, 2003</A>
<LI><A NAME="InnoDB_news-4.0.8" HREF="manual.html#InnoDB_news-4.0.8">14.4.16.17 MySQL/InnoDB-4.0.8, January 7, 2003</A>
<LI><A NAME="InnoDB_news-4.0.7" HREF="manual.html#InnoDB_news-4.0.7">14.4.16.18 MySQL/InnoDB-4.0.7, December 26, 2002</A>
<LI><A NAME="InnoDB_news-4.0.6" HREF="manual.html#InnoDB_news-4.0.6">14.4.16.19 MySQL/InnoDB-4.0.6, December 19, 2002</A>
<LI><A NAME="InnoDB_news-3.23.54" HREF="manual.html#InnoDB_news-3.23.54">14.4.16.20 MySQL/InnoDB-3.23.54, December 12, 2002</A>
<LI><A NAME="InnoDB_news-4.0.5" HREF="manual.html#InnoDB_news-4.0.5">14.4.16.21 MySQL/InnoDB-4.0.5, November 18, 2002</A>
<LI><A NAME="InnoDB_news-3.23.53" HREF="manual.html#InnoDB_news-3.23.53">14.4.16.22 MySQL/InnoDB-3.23.53, October 9, 2002</A>
<LI><A NAME="InnoDB_news-4.0.4" HREF="manual.html#InnoDB_news-4.0.4">14.4.16.23 MySQL/InnoDB-4.0.4, October 2, 2002</A>
<LI><A NAME="InnoDB_news-4.0.3" HREF="manual.html#InnoDB_news-4.0.3">14.4.16.24 MySQL/InnoDB-4.0.3, August 28, 2002</A>
<LI><A NAME="InnoDB_news-3.23.52" HREF="manual.html#InnoDB_news-3.23.52">14.4.16.25 MySQL/InnoDB-3.23.52, August 16, 2002</A>
<LI><A NAME="InnoDB_news-4.0.2" HREF="manual.html#InnoDB_news-4.0.2">14.4.16.26 MySQL/InnoDB-4.0.2, July 10, 2002</A>
<LI><A NAME="InnoDB_news-3.23.51" HREF="manual.html#InnoDB_news-3.23.51">14.4.16.27 MySQL/InnoDB-3.23.51, June 12, 2002</A>
<LI><A NAME="InnoDB_news-3.23.50" HREF="manual.html#InnoDB_news-3.23.50">14.4.16.28 MySQL/InnoDB-3.23.50, April 23, 2002</A>
<LI><A NAME="InnoDB_news-3.23.49" HREF="manual.html#InnoDB_news-3.23.49">14.4.16.29 MySQL/InnoDB-3.23.49, February 17, 2002</A>
<LI><A NAME="InnoDB_news-3.23.48" HREF="manual.html#InnoDB_news-3.23.48">14.4.16.30 MySQL/InnoDB-3.23.48, February 9, 2002</A>
<LI><A NAME="InnoDB_news-3.23.47" HREF="manual.html#InnoDB_news-3.23.47">14.4.16.31 MySQL/InnoDB-3.23.47, December 28, 2001</A>
<LI><A NAME="InnoDB_news-4.0.1" HREF="manual.html#InnoDB_news-4.0.1">14.4.16.32 MySQL/InnoDB-4.0.1, December 23, 2001</A>
<LI><A NAME="InnoDB_news-3.23.46" HREF="manual.html#InnoDB_news-3.23.46">14.4.16.33 MySQL/InnoDB-3.23.46, November 30, 2001</A>
<LI><A NAME="InnoDB_news-3.23.45" HREF="manual.html#InnoDB_news-3.23.45">14.4.16.34 MySQL/InnoDB-3.23.45, November 23, 2001</A>
<LI><A NAME="InnoDB_news-3.23.44" HREF="manual.html#InnoDB_news-3.23.44">14.4.16.35 MySQL/InnoDB-3.23.44, November 2, 2001</A>
<LI><A NAME="InnoDB_news-3.23.43" HREF="manual.html#InnoDB_news-3.23.43">14.4.16.36 MySQL/InnoDB-3.23.43, October 4, 2001</A>
<LI><A NAME="InnoDB_news-3.23.42" HREF="manual.html#InnoDB_news-3.23.42">14.4.16.37 MySQL/InnoDB-3.23.42, September 9, 2001</A>
<LI><A NAME="InnoDB_news-3.23.41" HREF="manual.html#InnoDB_news-3.23.41">14.4.16.38 MySQL/InnoDB-3.23.41, August 13, 2001</A>
<LI><A NAME="InnoDB_news-3.23.40" HREF="manual.html#InnoDB_news-3.23.40">14.4.16.39 MySQL/InnoDB-3.23.40, July 16, 2001</A>
<LI><A NAME="InnoDB_news-3.23.39" HREF="manual.html#InnoDB_news-3.23.39">14.4.16.40 MySQL/InnoDB-3.23.39, June 13, 2001</A>
<LI><A NAME="InnoDB_news-3.23.38" HREF="manual.html#InnoDB_news-3.23.38">14.4.16.41 MySQL/InnoDB-3.23.38, May 12, 2001</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="InnoDB_contact_information" HREF="manual.html#InnoDB_contact_information">14.4.17 <CODE>InnoDB</CODE> Contact Information</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="BDB" HREF="manual.html#BDB">14.5 <CODE>BDB</CODE> or <CODE>BerkeleyDB</CODE> Tables</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="BDB_overview" HREF="manual.html#BDB_overview">14.5.1 Overview of <CODE>BDB</CODE> Tables</A>
<LI><A NAME="BDB_install" HREF="manual.html#BDB_install">14.5.2 Installing <CODE>BDB</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="BDB_start" HREF="manual.html#BDB_start">14.5.3 <CODE>BDB</CODE> Startup Options</A>
<LI><A NAME="BDB_characteristics" HREF="manual.html#BDB_characteristics">14.5.4 Characteristics of <CODE>BDB</CODE> Tables</A>
<LI><A NAME="BDB_TODO" HREF="manual.html#BDB_TODO">14.5.5 Things We Need to Fix for <CODE>BDB</CODE> in the Near Future</A>
<LI><A NAME="BDB_portability" HREF="manual.html#BDB_portability">14.5.6 Operating Systems Supported by <CODE>BDB</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="BDB_restrictions" HREF="manual.html#BDB_restrictions">14.5.7 Restrictions on <CODE>BDB</CODE> Tables</A>
<LI><A NAME="BDB_errors" HREF="manual.html#BDB_errors">14.5.8 Errors That May Occur When Using <CODE>BDB</CODE> Tables</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="ISAM" HREF="manual.html#ISAM">14.6 <CODE>ISAM</CODE> Tables</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="MaxDB" HREF="manual.html#MaxDB">15 Introduction to MaxDB</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="MaxDB_History" HREF="manual.html#MaxDB_History">15.1 History of MaxDB</A>
<LI><A NAME="MaxDB_Licensing" HREF="manual.html#MaxDB_Licensing">15.2 Licensing and Support</A>
<LI><A NAME="MaxDB_Basics" HREF="manual.html#MaxDB_Basics">15.3 Basic Concepts of MaxDB</A>
<LI><A NAME="MaxDB-MySQL_Differences" HREF="manual.html#MaxDB-MySQL_Differences">15.4 Feature Differences between MaxDB and MySQL</A>
<LI><A NAME="MaxDB-MySQL_Interoperability" HREF="manual.html#MaxDB-MySQL_Interoperability">15.5 Interoperability Features between MaxDB and MySQL</A>
<LI><A NAME="MaxDB_Links" HREF="manual.html#MaxDB_Links">15.6 MaxDB-related Links</A>
<LI><A NAME="MaxDB_Reserved_Words" HREF="manual.html#MaxDB_Reserved_Words">15.7 Reserved Words in MaxDB</A>
<LI><A NAME="MaxDB_Functions" HREF="manual.html#MaxDB_Functions">15.8 Functions</A>
<LI><A NAME="MaxDB_Column_Types" HREF="manual.html#MaxDB_Column_Types">15.9 Column Types</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="Charset" HREF="manual.html#Charset">16 National Character Sets and Unicode</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="Charset-general" HREF="manual.html#Charset-general">16.1 Character Sets and Collations in General</A>
<LI><A NAME="Charset-MySQL" HREF="manual.html#Charset-MySQL">16.2 Character Sets and Collations in MySQL</A>
<LI><A NAME="Charset-defaults" HREF="manual.html#Charset-defaults">16.3 Determining the Default Character Set and Collation</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="Charset-server" HREF="manual.html#Charset-server">16.3.1 Server Character Set and Collation</A>
<LI><A NAME="Charset-database" HREF="manual.html#Charset-database">16.3.2 Database Character Set and Collation</A>
<LI><A NAME="Charset-table" HREF="manual.html#Charset-table">16.3.3 Table Character Set and Collation</A>
<LI><A NAME="Charset-column" HREF="manual.html#Charset-column">16.3.4 Column Character Set and Collation</A>
<LI><A NAME="Charset-examples" HREF="manual.html#Charset-examples">16.3.5 Examples of Character Set and Collation Assignment</A>
<LI><A NAME="Charset-connection" HREF="manual.html#Charset-connection">16.3.6 Connection Character Sets and Collations</A>
<LI><A NAME="Charset-literal" HREF="manual.html#Charset-literal">16.3.7 Character String Literal Character Set and Collation</A>
<LI><A NAME="Charset-collate" HREF="manual.html#Charset-collate">16.3.8 <CODE>COLLATE</CODE> Clause in Various Parts of an SQL Query</A>
<LI><A NAME="Charset-collate-precedence" HREF="manual.html#Charset-collate-precedence">16.3.9 <CODE>COLLATE</CODE> Clause Precedence</A>
<LI><A NAME="Charset-binary-op" HREF="manual.html#Charset-binary-op">16.3.10 <CODE>BINARY</CODE> Operator</A>
<LI><A NAME="Charset-collate-tricky" HREF="manual.html#Charset-collate-tricky">16.3.11 Some Special Cases Where the Collation Determination is Tricky</A>
<LI><A NAME="Charset-collation-charset" HREF="manual.html#Charset-collation-charset">16.3.12 Collations Must Be for the Right Character Set</A>
<LI><A NAME="Charset-collation-effect" HREF="manual.html#Charset-collation-effect">16.3.13 An example of the Effect of Collation</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="Charset-operations" HREF="manual.html#Charset-operations">16.4 Operations Affected by Character Set Support</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="Charset-result" HREF="manual.html#Charset-result">16.4.1 Result Strings</A>
<LI><A NAME="Charset-CONVERT" HREF="manual.html#Charset-CONVERT">16.4.2 <CODE>CONVERT()</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="Charset-CAST" HREF="manual.html#Charset-CAST">16.4.3 <CODE>CAST()</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="Charset-SHOW-CHARSET" HREF="manual.html#Charset-SHOW-CHARSET">16.4.4 <CODE>SHOW CHARACTER SET</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="Charset-SHOW-COLLATION" HREF="manual.html#Charset-SHOW-COLLATION">16.4.5 <CODE>SHOW COLLATION</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="Charset-SHOW-CREATE-DB" HREF="manual.html#Charset-SHOW-CREATE-DB">16.4.6 <CODE>SHOW CREATE DATABASE</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="Charset-SHOW-COLUMNS" HREF="manual.html#Charset-SHOW-COLUMNS">16.4.7 <CODE>SHOW FULL COLUMNS</CODE></A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="Charset-Unicode" HREF="manual.html#Charset-Unicode">16.5 Unicode Support</A>
<LI><A NAME="Charset-metadata" HREF="manual.html#Charset-metadata">16.6 UTF8 for Metadata</A>
<LI><A NAME="Charset-compatibility" HREF="manual.html#Charset-compatibility">16.7 Compatibility with Other DBMSs</A>
<LI><A NAME="Charset-config-file" HREF="manual.html#Charset-config-file">16.8 New Character Set Configuration File format</A>
<LI><A NAME="Charset-national" HREF="manual.html#Charset-national">16.9 National Character Set</A>
<LI><A NAME="Charset-upgrading" HREF="manual.html#Charset-upgrading">16.10 Upgrading from MySQL 4.0</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="Charset-map" HREF="manual.html#Charset-map">16.10.1 4.0 Character Sets and Corresponding 4.1 Character Set/Collation Pairs</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="Charset-charsets" HREF="manual.html#Charset-charsets">16.11 The Character Sets and Collations that MySQL Supports</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="Charset-Unicode-sets" HREF="manual.html#Charset-Unicode-sets">16.11.1 The Unicode Character Sets</A>
<LI><A NAME="Charset-platform-sets" HREF="manual.html#Charset-platform-sets">16.11.2 Platform Specific Character Sets</A>
<LI><A NAME="Charset-se-me-sets" HREF="manual.html#Charset-se-me-sets">16.11.3 Character Sets for South Europe and Middle East</A>
<LI><A NAME="Charset-asian-sets" HREF="manual.html#Charset-asian-sets">16.11.4 The Asian Character Sets</A>
<LI><A NAME="Charset-baltic-sets" HREF="manual.html#Charset-baltic-sets">16.11.5 The Baltic Character Sets</A>
<LI><A NAME="Charset-cyrillic-sets" HREF="manual.html#Charset-cyrillic-sets">16.11.6 The Cyrillic Character Sets</A>
<LI><A NAME="Charset-ce-sets" HREF="manual.html#Charset-ce-sets">16.11.7 The Central European Character Sets</A>
<LI><A NAME="Charset-we-sets" HREF="manual.html#Charset-we-sets">16.11.8 The West European Character Sets</A>
</UL>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="Spatial_extensions_in_MySQL" HREF="manual.html#Spatial_extensions_in_MySQL">17 Spatial Extensions in MySQL</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="GIS_introduction" HREF="manual.html#GIS_introduction">17.1 Introduction</A>
<LI><A NAME="OpenGIS_geometry_model" HREF="manual.html#OpenGIS_geometry_model">17.2 The OpenGIS Geometry Model</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="GIS_geometry_class_hierarchy" HREF="manual.html#GIS_geometry_class_hierarchy">17.2.1 The Geometry Class Hierarchy</A>
<LI><A NAME="GIS_class_geometry" HREF="manual.html#GIS_class_geometry">17.2.2 Class <CODE>Geometry</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="GIS_class_point" HREF="manual.html#GIS_class_point">17.2.4 Class <CODE>Point</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="GIS_class_curve" HREF="manual.html#GIS_class_curve">17.2.7 Class <CODE>Curve</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="GIS_class_linestring" HREF="manual.html#GIS_class_linestring">17.2.9 Class <CODE>LineString</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="GIS_class_surface" HREF="manual.html#GIS_class_surface">17.2.12 Class <CODE>Surface</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="GIS_class_polygon" HREF="manual.html#GIS_class_polygon">17.2.14 Class <CODE>Polygon</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="GIS_class_geometrycollection" HREF="manual.html#GIS_class_geometrycollection">17.2.17 Class <CODE>GeometryCollection</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="GIS_class_multipoint" HREF="manual.html#GIS_class_multipoint">17.2.18 Class <CODE>MultiPoint</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="GIS_class_multicurve" HREF="manual.html#GIS_class_multicurve">17.2.21 Class <CODE>MultiCurve</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="GIS_class_multilinestring" HREF="manual.html#GIS_class_multilinestring">17.2.23 Class <CODE>MultiLineString</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="GIS_class_multisurface" HREF="manual.html#GIS_class_multisurface">17.2.25 Class <CODE>MultiSurface</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="GIS_class_multipolygon" HREF="manual.html#GIS_class_multipolygon">17.2.27 Class <CODE>MultiPolygon</CODE></A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="Supported_spatial_data_formats" HREF="manual.html#Supported_spatial_data_formats">17.3 Supported Spatial Data Formats</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="GIS_WKT_format" HREF="manual.html#GIS_WKT_format">17.3.1 Well-Known Text (WKT) Format</A>
<LI><A NAME="GIS_WKB_format" HREF="manual.html#GIS_WKB_format">17.3.2 Well-Known Binary (WKB) Format</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="Creating_a_spatially_enabled_MySQL_database" HREF="manual.html#Creating_a_spatially_enabled_MySQL_database">17.4 Creating a Spatially Enabled MySQL Database</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="MySQL_spatial_datatypes" HREF="manual.html#MySQL_spatial_datatypes">17.4.1 MySQL Spatial Datatypes</A>
<LI><A NAME="Creating_spatial_values" HREF="manual.html#Creating_spatial_values">17.4.2 Creating Spatial Values</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="GIS_WKT_Functions" HREF="manual.html#GIS_WKT_Functions">17.4.2.1 Creating Geometry Values Using WKT Functions</A>
<LI><A NAME="GIS_WKB_Functions" HREF="manual.html#GIS_WKB_Functions">17.4.2.2 Creating Geometry Values Using WKB Functions</A>
<LI><A NAME="GIS_MySQL-Specific_Functions" HREF="manual.html#GIS_MySQL-Specific_Functions">17.4.2.3 Creating Geometry Values Using MySQL-Specific Functions</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="Creating_spatial_columns" HREF="manual.html#Creating_spatial_columns">17.4.3 Creating Spatial Columns</A>
<LI><A NAME="Populating_spatial_columns" HREF="manual.html#Populating_spatial_columns">17.4.4 Populating Spatial Columns</A>
<LI><A NAME="Fetching_spatial_data" HREF="manual.html#Fetching_spatial_data">17.4.5 Fetching Spatial Data</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="Fetching_spatial_data_in_internal_format" HREF="manual.html#Fetching_spatial_data_in_internal_format">17.4.5.1 Fetching Spatial Data in Internal Format</A>
<LI><A NAME="Fetching_spatial_data_in_WKT_format" HREF="manual.html#Fetching_spatial_data_in_WKT_format">17.4.5.2 Fetching Spatial Data in WKT Format</A>
<LI><A NAME="Fetching_spatial_data_in_WKB_format" HREF="manual.html#Fetching_spatial_data_in_WKB_format">17.4.5.3 Fetching Spatial Data in WKB Format</A>
</UL>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="Analysing_spatial_information" HREF="manual.html#Analysing_spatial_information">17.5 Analyzing Spatial Information</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="Functions_to_convert_geometries_between_formats" HREF="manual.html#Functions_to_convert_geometries_between_formats">17.5.1 Geometry Format Conversion Functions</A>
<LI><A NAME="Geometry_property_functions" HREF="manual.html#Geometry_property_functions">17.5.2 <CODE>Geometry</CODE> Functions</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="General_geometry_property_functions" HREF="manual.html#General_geometry_property_functions">17.5.2.1 General Geometry Functions</A>
<LI><A NAME="Point_property_functions" HREF="manual.html#Point_property_functions">17.5.2.2 <CODE>Point</CODE> Functions</A>
<LI><A NAME="Linestring_property_functions" HREF="manual.html#Linestring_property_functions">17.5.2.3 <CODE>LineString</CODE> Functions</A>
<LI><A NAME="Multilinestring_property_functions" HREF="manual.html#Multilinestring_property_functions">17.5.2.4 <CODE>MultiLineString</CODE> Functions</A>
<LI><A NAME="Polygon_property_functions" HREF="manual.html#Polygon_property_functions">17.5.2.5 <CODE>Polygon</CODE> Functions</A>
<LI><A NAME="Multipolygon_property_functions" HREF="manual.html#Multipolygon_property_functions">17.5.2.6 <CODE>MultiPolygon</CODE> Functions</A>
<LI><A NAME="Geometrycollection_property_functions" HREF="manual.html#Geometrycollection_property_functions">17.5.2.7 <CODE>GeometryCollection</CODE> Functions</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="Functions_that_create_new_geometries_from_existing_ones" HREF="manual.html#Functions_that_create_new_geometries_from_existing_ones">17.5.3 Functions That Create New Geometries from Existing Ones</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="Functions_that_produce_new_geometries" HREF="manual.html#Functions_that_produce_new_geometries">17.5.3.1 Geometry Functions That Produce New Geometries</A>
<LI><A NAME="Spatial_operators" HREF="manual.html#Spatial_operators">17.5.3.2 Spatial Operators</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="Functions_for_testing_spatial_relations_between_geometric_objects" HREF="manual.html#Functions_for_testing_spatial_relations_between_geometric_objects">17.5.4 Functions for Testing Spatial Relations Between Geometric Objects</A>
<LI><A NAME="Relations_on_geometry_MBR" HREF="manual.html#Relations_on_geometry_MBR">17.5.5 Relations on Geometry Minimal Bounding Rectangles (MBRs)</A>
<LI><A NAME="Functions_that_test_spatial_relationships_between_geometries" HREF="manual.html#Functions_that_test_spatial_relationships_between_geometries">17.5.6 Functions That Test Spatial Relationships Between Geometries</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="Optimising_spatial_analysis" HREF="manual.html#Optimising_spatial_analysis">17.6 Optimizing Spatial Analysis</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="Creating_spatial_indexes" HREF="manual.html#Creating_spatial_indexes">17.6.1 Creating Spatial Indexes</A>
<LI><A NAME="Using_a_spatial_index" HREF="manual.html#Using_a_spatial_index">17.6.2 Using a Spatial Index</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="MySQL_GIS_conformance_and_compatibility" HREF="manual.html#MySQL_GIS_conformance_and_compatibility">17.7 MySQL Conformance and Compatibility</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="GIS_features_that_are_not_yet_implemented" HREF="manual.html#GIS_features_that_are_not_yet_implemented">17.7.1 GIS Features That Are Not Yet Implemented</A>
</UL>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="Stored_Procedures" HREF="manual.html#Stored_Procedures">18 Stored Procedures and Functions</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="Stored_Procedure_Syntax" HREF="manual.html#Stored_Procedure_Syntax">18.1 Stored Procedure Syntax</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="Maintaining_Stored_Procedures" HREF="manual.html#Maintaining_Stored_Procedures">18.1.1 Maintaining Stored Procedures</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="CREATE_PROCEDURE" HREF="manual.html#CREATE_PROCEDURE">18.1.1.1 <CODE>CREATE PROCEDURE</CODE> and <CODE>CREATE FUNCTION</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="ALTER_PROCEDURE" HREF="manual.html#ALTER_PROCEDURE">18.1.1.2 <CODE>ALTER PROCEDURE</CODE> and <CODE>ALTER FUNCTION</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="DROP_PROCEDURE" HREF="manual.html#DROP_PROCEDURE">18.1.1.3 <CODE>DROP PROCEDURE</CODE> and <CODE>DROP FUNCTION</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="SHOW_CREATE_PROCEDURE" HREF="manual.html#SHOW_CREATE_PROCEDURE">18.1.1.4 <CODE>SHOW CREATE PROCEDURE</CODE> and <CODE>SHOW CREATE FUNCTION</CODE></A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="SHOW_PROCEDURE_STATUS" HREF="manual.html#SHOW_PROCEDURE_STATUS">18.1.2 <CODE>SHOW PROCEDURE STATUS</CODE> and <CODE>SHOW FUNCTION STATUS</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="CALL" HREF="manual.html#CALL">18.1.3 <CODE>CALL</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="BEGIN_END" HREF="manual.html#BEGIN_END">18.1.4 <CODE>BEGIN ... END</CODE> Compound Statement</A>
<LI><A NAME="DECLARE" HREF="manual.html#DECLARE">18.1.5 <CODE>DECLARE</CODE> Statement</A>
<LI><A NAME="Variables_in_Stored_Procedures" HREF="manual.html#Variables_in_Stored_Procedures">18.1.6 Variables in Stored Procedures</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="DECLARE_Local_Variables" HREF="manual.html#DECLARE_Local_Variables">18.1.6.1 <CODE>DECLARE</CODE> Local Variables</A>
<LI><A NAME="SET_Statement" HREF="manual.html#SET_Statement">18.1.6.2 Variable <CODE>SET</CODE> Statement</A>
<LI><A NAME="SELECT_INTO_Statement" HREF="manual.html#SELECT_INTO_Statement">18.1.6.3 <CODE>SELECT ... INTO</CODE> Statement</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="Conditions_and_Handlers" HREF="manual.html#Conditions_and_Handlers">18.1.7 Conditions and Handlers</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="DECLARE_Conditions" HREF="manual.html#DECLARE_Conditions">18.1.7.1 <CODE>DECLARE</CODE> Conditions</A>
<LI><A NAME="DECLARE_Handlers" HREF="manual.html#DECLARE_Handlers">18.1.7.2 <CODE>DECLARE</CODE> Handlers</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="Cursors" HREF="manual.html#Cursors">18.1.8 Cursors</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="DECLARE_Cursors" HREF="manual.html#DECLARE_Cursors">18.1.8.1 Declaring Cursors</A>
<LI><A NAME="OPEN" HREF="manual.html#OPEN">18.1.8.2 Cursor <CODE>OPEN</CODE> Statement</A>
<LI><A NAME="FETCH" HREF="manual.html#FETCH">18.1.8.3 Cursor <CODE>FETCH</CODE> Statement</A>
<LI><A NAME="CLOSE" HREF="manual.html#CLOSE">18.1.8.4 Cursor <CODE>CLOSE</CODE> Statement</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="Flow_Control_Constructs" HREF="manual.html#Flow_Control_Constructs">18.1.9 Flow Control Constructs</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="IF_Statement" HREF="manual.html#IF_Statement">18.1.9.1 <CODE>IF</CODE> Statement</A>
<LI><A NAME="CASE_Statement" HREF="manual.html#CASE_Statement">18.1.9.2 <CODE>CASE</CODE> Statement</A>
<LI><A NAME="LOOP_Statement" HREF="manual.html#LOOP_Statement">18.1.9.3 <CODE>LOOP</CODE> Statement</A>
<LI><A NAME="LEAVE_Statement" HREF="manual.html#LEAVE_Statement">18.1.9.4 <CODE>LEAVE</CODE> Statement</A>
<LI><A NAME="ITERATE_Statement" HREF="manual.html#ITERATE_Statement">18.1.9.5 <CODE>ITERATE</CODE> Statement</A>
<LI><A NAME="REPEAT_Statement" HREF="manual.html#REPEAT_Statement">18.1.9.6 <CODE>REPEAT</CODE> Statement</A>
<LI><A NAME="WHILE_Statement" HREF="manual.html#WHILE_Statement">18.1.9.7 <CODE>WHILE</CODE> Statement</A>
</UL>
</UL>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="Clients" HREF="manual.html#Clients">19 MySQL APIs</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="C" HREF="manual.html#C">19.1 MySQL C API</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="C_API_datatypes" HREF="manual.html#C_API_datatypes">19.1.1 C API Datatypes</A>
<LI><A NAME="C_API_function_overview" HREF="manual.html#C_API_function_overview">19.1.2 C API Function Overview</A>
<LI><A NAME="C_API_functions" HREF="manual.html#C_API_functions">19.1.3 C API Function Descriptions</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="mysql_affected_rows" HREF="manual.html#mysql_affected_rows">19.1.3.1 <CODE>mysql_affected_rows()</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="mysql_change_user" HREF="manual.html#mysql_change_user">19.1.3.6 <CODE>mysql_change_user()</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="mysql_character_set_name" HREF="manual.html#mysql_character_set_name">19.1.3.11 <CODE>mysql_character_set_name()</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="mysql_close" HREF="manual.html#mysql_close">19.1.3.15 <CODE>mysql_close()</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="mysql_connect" HREF="manual.html#mysql_connect">19.1.3.19 <CODE>mysql_connect()</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="mysql_create_db" HREF="manual.html#mysql_create_db">19.1.3.23 <CODE>mysql_create_db()</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="mysql_data_seek" HREF="manual.html#mysql_data_seek">19.1.3.28 <CODE>mysql_data_seek()</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="mysql_debug" HREF="manual.html#mysql_debug">19.1.3.32 <CODE>mysql_debug()</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="mysql_drop_db" HREF="manual.html#mysql_drop_db">19.1.3.37 <CODE>mysql_drop_db()</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="mysql_dump_debug_info" HREF="manual.html#mysql_dump_debug_info">19.1.3.42 <CODE>mysql_dump_debug_info()</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="mysql_eof" HREF="manual.html#mysql_eof">19.1.3.46 <CODE>mysql_eof()</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="mysql_errno" HREF="manual.html#mysql_errno">19.1.3.51 <CODE>mysql_errno()</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="mysql_error" HREF="manual.html#mysql_error">19.1.3.55 <CODE>mysql_error()</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="mysql_escape_string" HREF="manual.html#mysql_escape_string">19.1.3.59 <CODE>mysql_escape_string()</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="mysql_fetch_field" HREF="manual.html#mysql_fetch_field">19.1.3.60 <CODE>mysql_fetch_field()</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="mysql_fetch_fields" HREF="manual.html#mysql_fetch_fields">19.1.3.65 <CODE>mysql_fetch_fields()</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="mysql_fetch_field_direct" HREF="manual.html#mysql_fetch_field_direct">19.1.3.70 <CODE>mysql_fetch_field_direct()</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="mysql_fetch_lengths" HREF="manual.html#mysql_fetch_lengths">19.1.3.75 <CODE>mysql_fetch_lengths()</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="mysql_fetch_row" HREF="manual.html#mysql_fetch_row">19.1.3.80 <CODE>mysql_fetch_row()</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="mysql_field_count" HREF="manual.html#mysql_field_count">19.1.3.85 <CODE>mysql_field_count()</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="mysql_field_seek" HREF="manual.html#mysql_field_seek">19.1.3.90 <CODE>mysql_field_seek()</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="mysql_field_tell" HREF="manual.html#mysql_field_tell">19.1.3.94 <CODE>mysql_field_tell()</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="mysql_free_result" HREF="manual.html#mysql_free_result">19.1.3.98 <CODE>mysql_free_result()</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="mysql_get_client_info" HREF="manual.html#mysql_get_client_info">19.1.3.102 <CODE>mysql_get_client_info()</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="mysql_get_client_version" HREF="manual.html#mysql_get_client_version">19.1.3.106 <CODE>mysql_get_client_version()</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="mysql_get_host_info" HREF="manual.html#mysql_get_host_info">19.1.3.110 <CODE>mysql_get_host_info()</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="mysql_get_proto_info" HREF="manual.html#mysql_get_proto_info">19.1.3.114 <CODE>mysql_get_proto_info()</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="mysql_get_server_info" HREF="manual.html#mysql_get_server_info">19.1.3.118 <CODE>mysql_get_server_info()</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="mysql_get_server_version" HREF="manual.html#mysql_get_server_version">19.1.3.122 <CODE>mysql_get_server_version()</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="mysql_info" HREF="manual.html#mysql_info">19.1.3.126 <CODE>mysql_info()</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="mysql_init" HREF="manual.html#mysql_init">19.1.3.130 <CODE>mysql_init()</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="mysql_insert_id" HREF="manual.html#mysql_insert_id">19.1.3.134 <CODE>mysql_insert_id()</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="mysql_kill" HREF="manual.html#mysql_kill">19.1.3.138 <CODE>mysql_kill()</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="mysql_list_dbs" HREF="manual.html#mysql_list_dbs">19.1.3.142 <CODE>mysql_list_dbs()</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="mysql_list_fields" HREF="manual.html#mysql_list_fields">19.1.3.146 <CODE>mysql_list_fields()</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="mysql_list_processes" HREF="manual.html#mysql_list_processes">19.1.3.150 <CODE>mysql_list_processes()</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="mysql_list_tables" HREF="manual.html#mysql_list_tables">19.1.3.154 <CODE>mysql_list_tables()</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="mysql_num_fields" HREF="manual.html#mysql_num_fields">19.1.3.158 <CODE>mysql_num_fields()</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="mysql_num_rows" HREF="manual.html#mysql_num_rows">19.1.3.163 <CODE>mysql_num_rows()</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="mysql_options" HREF="manual.html#mysql_options">19.1.3.167 <CODE>mysql_options()</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="mysql_ping" HREF="manual.html#mysql_ping">19.1.3.171 <CODE>mysql_ping()</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="mysql_query" HREF="manual.html#mysql_query">19.1.3.175 <CODE>mysql_query()</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="mysql_real_connect" HREF="manual.html#mysql_real_connect">19.1.3.179 <CODE>mysql_real_connect()</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="mysql_real_escape_string" HREF="manual.html#mysql_real_escape_string">19.1.3.184 <CODE>mysql_real_escape_string()</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="mysql_real_query" HREF="manual.html#mysql_real_query">19.1.3.189 <CODE>mysql_real_query()</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="mysql_reload" HREF="manual.html#mysql_reload">19.1.3.193 <CODE>mysql_reload()</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="mysql_row_seek" HREF="manual.html#mysql_row_seek">19.1.3.197 <CODE>mysql_row_seek()</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="mysql_row_tell" HREF="manual.html#mysql_row_tell">19.1.3.201 <CODE>mysql_row_tell()</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="mysql_select_db" HREF="manual.html#mysql_select_db">19.1.3.205 <CODE>mysql_select_db()</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="mysql_set_server_option" HREF="manual.html#mysql_set_server_option">19.1.3.209 <CODE>mysql_set_server_option()</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="mysql_shutdown" HREF="manual.html#mysql_shutdown">19.1.3.213 <CODE>mysql_shutdown()</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="mysql_sqlstate" HREF="manual.html#mysql_sqlstate">19.1.3.217 <CODE>mysql_sqlstate()</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="mysql_ssl_set" HREF="manual.html#mysql_ssl_set">19.1.3.221 <CODE>mysql_ssl_set()</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="mysql_stat" HREF="manual.html#mysql_stat">19.1.3.224 <CODE>mysql_stat()</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="mysql_store_result" HREF="manual.html#mysql_store_result">19.1.3.228 <CODE>mysql_store_result()</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="mysql_thread_id" HREF="manual.html#mysql_thread_id">19.1.3.232 <CODE>mysql_thread_id()</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="mysql_use_result" HREF="manual.html#mysql_use_result">19.1.3.236 <CODE>mysql_use_result()</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="mysql_warning_count" HREF="manual.html#mysql_warning_count">19.1.3.240 <CODE>mysql_warning_count()</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="mysql_commit" HREF="manual.html#mysql_commit">19.1.3.244 <CODE>mysql_commit()</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="mysql_rollback" HREF="manual.html#mysql_rollback">19.1.3.248 <CODE>mysql_rollback()</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="mysql_autocommit" HREF="manual.html#mysql_autocommit">19.1.3.252 <CODE>mysql_autocommit()</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="mysql_more_results" HREF="manual.html#mysql_more_results">19.1.3.256 <CODE>mysql_more_results()</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="mysql_next_result" HREF="manual.html#mysql_next_result">19.1.3.260 <CODE>mysql_next_result()</CODE></A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="C_API_Prepared_statements" HREF="manual.html#C_API_Prepared_statements">19.1.4 C API Prepared Statements</A>
<LI><A NAME="C_API_Prepared_statement_datatypes" HREF="manual.html#C_API_Prepared_statement_datatypes">19.1.5 C API Prepared Statement Datatypes</A>
<LI><A NAME="C_API_Prepared_statement_function_overview" HREF="manual.html#C_API_Prepared_statement_function_overview">19.1.6 C API Prepared Statement Function Overview</A>
<LI><A NAME="C_API_Prepared_statement_functions" HREF="manual.html#C_API_Prepared_statement_functions">19.1.7 C API Prepared Statement Function Descriptions</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="mysql_bind_param" HREF="manual.html#mysql_bind_param">19.1.7.1 <CODE>mysql_bind_param()</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="mysql_bind_result" HREF="manual.html#mysql_bind_result">19.1.7.6 <CODE>mysql_bind_result()</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="mysql_execute" HREF="manual.html#mysql_execute">19.1.7.11 <CODE>mysql_execute()</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="mysql_fetch" HREF="manual.html#mysql_fetch">19.1.7.16 <CODE>mysql_fetch()</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="mysql_fetch_column" HREF="manual.html#mysql_fetch_column">19.1.7.21 <CODE>mysql_fetch_column()</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="mysql_get_metadata" HREF="manual.html#mysql_get_metadata">19.1.7.25 <CODE>mysql_get_metadata()</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="mysql_param_count" HREF="manual.html#mysql_param_count">19.1.7.30 <CODE>mysql_param_count()</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="mysql_param_result" HREF="manual.html#mysql_param_result">19.1.7.35 <CODE>mysql_param_result()</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="mysql_prepare" HREF="manual.html#mysql_prepare">19.1.7.39 <CODE>mysql_prepare()</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="mysql_send_long_data" HREF="manual.html#mysql_send_long_data">19.1.7.44 <CODE>mysql_send_long_data()</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="mysql_stmt_affected_rows" HREF="manual.html#mysql_stmt_affected_rows">19.1.7.49 <CODE>mysql_stmt_affected_rows()</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="mysql_stmt_close" HREF="manual.html#mysql_stmt_close">19.1.7.54 <CODE>mysql_stmt_close()</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="mysql_stmt_data_seek" HREF="manual.html#mysql_stmt_data_seek">19.1.7.59 <CODE>mysql_stmt_data_seek()</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="mysql_stmt_errno" HREF="manual.html#mysql_stmt_errno">19.1.7.63 <CODE>mysql_stmt_errno()</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="mysql_stmt_error" HREF="manual.html#mysql_stmt_error">19.1.7.67 <CODE>mysql_stmt_error()</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="mysql_stmt_free_result" HREF="manual.html#mysql_stmt_free_result">19.1.7.71 <CODE>mysql_stmt_free_result()</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="mysql_stmt_num_rows" HREF="manual.html#mysql_stmt_num_rows">19.1.7.75 <CODE>mysql_stmt_num_rows()</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="mysql_stmt_reset" HREF="manual.html#mysql_stmt_reset">19.1.7.79 <CODE>mysql_stmt_reset()</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="mysql_stmt_row_seek" HREF="manual.html#mysql_stmt_row_seek">19.1.7.83 <CODE>mysql_stmt_row_seek()</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="mysql_stmt_row_tell" HREF="manual.html#mysql_stmt_row_tell">19.1.7.87 <CODE>mysql_stmt_row_tell()</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="mysql_stmt_sqlstate" HREF="manual.html#mysql_stmt_sqlstate">19.1.7.91 <CODE>mysql_stmt_sqlstate()</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="mysql_stmt_store_result" HREF="manual.html#mysql_stmt_store_result">19.1.7.94 <CODE>mysql_stmt_store_result()</CODE></A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="C_API_multiple_queries" HREF="manual.html#C_API_multiple_queries">19.1.8 C API Handling of Multiple Query Execution</A>
<LI><A NAME="C_API_date_handling" HREF="manual.html#C_API_date_handling">19.1.9 C API Handling of Date and Time Values</A>
<LI><A NAME="C_Thread_functions" HREF="manual.html#C_Thread_functions">19.1.10 C API Threaded Function Descriptions</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="my_init" HREF="manual.html#my_init">19.1.10.1 <CODE>my_init()</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="mysql_thread_init" HREF="manual.html#mysql_thread_init">19.1.10.4 <CODE>mysql_thread_init()</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="mysql_thread_end" HREF="manual.html#mysql_thread_end">19.1.10.7 <CODE>mysql_thread_end()</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="mysql_thread_safe" HREF="manual.html#mysql_thread_safe">19.1.10.10 <CODE>mysql_thread_safe()</CODE></A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="C_Embedded_Server_func" HREF="manual.html#C_Embedded_Server_func">19.1.11 C API Embedded Server Function Descriptions</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="mysql_server_init" HREF="manual.html#mysql_server_init">19.1.11.1 <CODE>mysql_server_init()</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="mysql_server_end" HREF="manual.html#mysql_server_end">19.1.11.5 <CODE>mysql_server_end()</CODE></A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="C_API_problems" HREF="manual.html#C_API_problems">19.1.12 Common questions and problems when using the C API</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="NULL_mysql_store_result" HREF="manual.html#NULL_mysql_store_result">19.1.12.1 Why <CODE>mysql_store_result()</CODE> Sometimes Returns <CODE>NULL</CODE> After <CODE>mysql_query()</CODE> Returns Success</A>
<LI><A NAME="Query_results" HREF="manual.html#Query_results">19.1.12.2 What Results You Can Get from a Query</A>
<LI><A NAME="Getting_unique_ID" HREF="manual.html#Getting_unique_ID">19.1.12.3 How to Get the Unique ID for the Last Inserted Row</A>
<LI><A NAME="C_API_linking_problems" HREF="manual.html#C_API_linking_problems">19.1.12.4 Problems Linking with the C API</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="Building_clients" HREF="manual.html#Building_clients">19.1.13 Building Client Programs</A>
<LI><A NAME="Threaded_clients" HREF="manual.html#Threaded_clients">19.1.14 How to Make a Threaded Client</A>
<LI><A NAME="libmysqld" HREF="manual.html#libmysqld">19.1.15 libmysqld, the Embedded MySQL Server Library</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="libmysqld_overview" HREF="manual.html#libmysqld_overview">19.1.15.1 Overview of the Embedded MySQL Server Library</A>
<LI><A NAME="libmysqld_compiling" HREF="manual.html#libmysqld_compiling">19.1.15.2 Compiling Programs with <CODE>libmysqld</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="libmysqld_restrictions" HREF="manual.html#libmysqld_restrictions">19.1.15.3 Restrictions when using the Embedded MySQL Server</A>
<LI><A NAME="libmysqld_options" HREF="manual.html#libmysqld_options">19.1.15.4 Using Option Files with the Embedded Server</A>
<LI><A NAME="libmysqld_TODO" HREF="manual.html#libmysqld_TODO">19.1.15.5 Things left to do in Embedded Server (TODO)</A>
<LI><A NAME="libmysqld_example" HREF="manual.html#libmysqld_example">19.1.15.6 A Simple Embedded Server Example</A>
<LI><A NAME="libmysqld_licensing" HREF="manual.html#libmysqld_licensing">19.1.15.7 Licensing the Embedded Server</A>
</UL>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="ODBC" HREF="manual.html#ODBC">19.2 MySQL ODBC Support</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="Installing_MyODBC" HREF="manual.html#Installing_MyODBC">19.2.1 How to Install MyODBC</A>
<LI><A NAME="ODBC_administrator" HREF="manual.html#ODBC_administrator">19.2.2 How to Fill in the Various Fields in the ODBC Administrator Program</A>
<LI><A NAME="MyODBC_connect_parameters" HREF="manual.html#MyODBC_connect_parameters">19.2.3 Connect parameters for MyODBC</A>
<LI><A NAME="ODBC_Problems" HREF="manual.html#ODBC_Problems">19.2.4 How to Report Problems with MyODBC</A>
<LI><A NAME="MyODBC_clients" HREF="manual.html#MyODBC_clients">19.2.5 Programs Known to Work with MyODBC</A>
<LI><A NAME="ODBC_and_last_insert_id" HREF="manual.html#ODBC_and_last_insert_id">19.2.6 How to Get the Value of an <CODE>AUTO_INCREMENT</CODE> Column in ODBC</A>
<LI><A NAME="MyODBC_bug_report" HREF="manual.html#MyODBC_bug_report">19.2.7 Reporting Problems with MyODBC</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="Java" HREF="manual.html#Java">19.3 MySQL Java Connectivity (JDBC)</A>
<LI><A NAME="PHP" HREF="manual.html#PHP">19.4 MySQL PHP API</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="PHP_problems" HREF="manual.html#PHP_problems">19.4.1 Common Problems with MySQL and PHP</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="Perl" HREF="manual.html#Perl">19.5 MySQL Perl API</A>
<LI><A NAME="Cplusplus" HREF="manual.html#Cplusplus">19.6 MySQL C++ API</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="Borland_C++" HREF="manual.html#Borland_C++">19.6.1 Borland C++</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="Python" HREF="manual.html#Python">19.7 MySQL Python API</A>
<LI><A NAME="Tcl" HREF="manual.html#Tcl">19.8 MySQL Tcl API</A>
<LI><A NAME="Eiffel" HREF="manual.html#Eiffel">19.9 MySQL Eiffel Wrapper</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="Error-handling" HREF="manual.html#Error-handling">20 Error Handling in MySQL</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="Error-returns" HREF="manual.html#Error-returns">20.1 Error Returns</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="Extending_MySQL" HREF="manual.html#Extending_MySQL">21 Extending MySQL</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="MySQL_internals" HREF="manual.html#MySQL_internals">21.1 MySQL Internals</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="MySQL_threads" HREF="manual.html#MySQL_threads">21.1.1 MySQL Threads</A>
<LI><A NAME="MySQL_test_suite" HREF="manual.html#MySQL_test_suite">21.1.2 MySQL Test Suite</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="running_mysqltest" HREF="manual.html#running_mysqltest">21.1.2.1 Running the MySQL Test Suite</A>
<LI><A NAME="extending_mysqltest" HREF="manual.html#extending_mysqltest">21.1.2.2 Extending the MySQL Test Suite</A>
<LI><A NAME="Reporting_mysqltest_bugs" HREF="manual.html#Reporting_mysqltest_bugs">21.1.2.3 Reporting Bugs in the MySQL Test Suite</A>
</UL>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="Adding_functions" HREF="manual.html#Adding_functions">21.2 Adding New Functions to MySQL</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="CREATE_FUNCTION" HREF="manual.html#CREATE_FUNCTION">21.2.1 <CODE>CREATE FUNCTION/DROP FUNCTION</CODE> Syntax</A>
<LI><A NAME="Adding_UDF" HREF="manual.html#Adding_UDF">21.2.2 Adding a New User-defined Function</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="UDF_calling" HREF="manual.html#UDF_calling">21.2.2.1 UDF Calling Sequences for simple functions</A>
<LI><A NAME="UDF_aggr._calling" HREF="manual.html#UDF_aggr._calling">21.2.2.2 UDF Calling Sequences for aggregate functions</A>
<LI><A NAME="UDF_arguments" HREF="manual.html#UDF_arguments">21.2.2.3 Argument Processing</A>
<LI><A NAME="UDF_return_values" HREF="manual.html#UDF_return_values">21.2.2.4 Return Values and Error Handling</A>
<LI><A NAME="UDF_compiling" HREF="manual.html#UDF_compiling">21.2.2.5 Compiling and Installing User-defined Functions</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="Adding_native_function" HREF="manual.html#Adding_native_function">21.2.3 Adding a New Native Function</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="Adding_procedures" HREF="manual.html#Adding_procedures">21.3 Adding New Procedures to MySQL</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="procedure_analyse" HREF="manual.html#procedure_analyse">21.3.1 Procedure Analyse</A>
<LI><A NAME="Writing_a_procedure" HREF="manual.html#Writing_a_procedure">21.3.2 Writing a Procedure</A>
</UL>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="Problems" HREF="manual.html#Problems">A Problems and Common Errors</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="What_is_crashing" HREF="manual.html#What_is_crashing">A.1 How to Determine What Is Causing Problems</A>
<LI><A NAME="Common_errors" HREF="manual.html#Common_errors">A.2 Common Errors When Using MySQL</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="Error_Access_denied" HREF="manual.html#Error_Access_denied">A.2.1 <CODE>Access denied</CODE> Error</A>
<LI><A NAME="Gone_away" HREF="manual.html#Gone_away">A.2.2 <CODE>MySQL server has gone away</CODE> Error</A>
<LI><A NAME="Can_not_connect_to_server" HREF="manual.html#Can_not_connect_to_server">A.2.3 <CODE>Can't connect to [local] MySQL server</CODE> Error</A>
<LI><A NAME="Old_client" HREF="manual.html#Old_client">A.2.4 <CODE>Client does not support authentication protocol</CODE> error</A>
<LI><A NAME="Blocked_host" HREF="manual.html#Blocked_host">A.2.5 <CODE>Host '...' is blocked</CODE> Error</A>
<LI><A NAME="Too_many_connections" HREF="manual.html#Too_many_connections">A.2.6 <CODE>Too many connections</CODE> Error</A>
<LI><A NAME="Non-transactional_tables" HREF="manual.html#Non-transactional_tables">A.2.7 <CODE>Some non-transactional changed tables couldn't be rolled back</CODE> Error</A>
<LI><A NAME="Out_of_memory" HREF="manual.html#Out_of_memory">A.2.8 <CODE>Out of memory</CODE> Error</A>
<LI><A NAME="Packet_too_large" HREF="manual.html#Packet_too_large">A.2.9 <CODE>Packet too large</CODE> Error</A>
<LI><A NAME="Communication_errors" HREF="manual.html#Communication_errors">A.2.10 Communication Errors / Aborted Connection</A>
<LI><A NAME="Full_table" HREF="manual.html#Full_table">A.2.11 <CODE>The table is full</CODE> Error</A>
<LI><A NAME="Cannot_create" HREF="manual.html#Cannot_create">A.2.12 <CODE>Can't create/write to file</CODE> Error</A>
<LI><A NAME="Commands_out_of_sync" HREF="manual.html#Commands_out_of_sync">A.2.13 <CODE>Commands out of sync</CODE> Error in Client</A>
<LI><A NAME="Ignoring_user" HREF="manual.html#Ignoring_user">A.2.14 <CODE>Ignoring user</CODE> Error</A>
<LI><A NAME="Cannot_find_table" HREF="manual.html#Cannot_find_table">A.2.15 <CODE>Table 'xxx' doesn't exist</CODE> Error</A>
<LI><A NAME="Cannot_initialize_character_set" HREF="manual.html#Cannot_initialize_character_set">A.2.16 <CODE>Can't initialize character set xxx</CODE> error</A>
<LI><A NAME="Not_enough_file_handles" HREF="manual.html#Not_enough_file_handles">A.2.17 File Not Found</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="Installation_Issues" HREF="manual.html#Installation_Issues">A.3 Installation Related Issues</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="Link_errors" HREF="manual.html#Link_errors">A.3.1 Problems When Linking with the MySQL Client Library</A>
<LI><A NAME="Changing_MySQL_user" HREF="manual.html#Changing_MySQL_user">A.3.2 How to Run MySQL As a Normal User</A>
<LI><A NAME="File_permissions" HREF="manual.html#File_permissions">A.3.3 Problems with File Permissions</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="Administration_Issues" HREF="manual.html#Administration_Issues">A.4 Administration Related Issues</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="Crashing" HREF="manual.html#Crashing">A.4.1 What To Do If MySQL Keeps Crashing</A>
<LI><A NAME="Resetting_permissions" HREF="manual.html#Resetting_permissions">A.4.2 How to Reset a Forgotten Root Password</A>
<LI><A NAME="Full_disk" HREF="manual.html#Full_disk">A.4.3 How MySQL Handles a Full Disk</A>
<LI><A NAME="Temporary_files" HREF="manual.html#Temporary_files">A.4.4 Where MySQL Stores Temporary Files</A>
<LI><A NAME="Problems_with_mysql.sock" HREF="manual.html#Problems_with_mysql.sock">A.4.5 How to Protect or Change the MySQL Socket File <TT>`/tmp/mysql.sock'</TT></A>
<LI><A NAME="Timezone_problems" HREF="manual.html#Timezone_problems">A.4.6 Time Zone Problems</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="Query_Issues" HREF="manual.html#Query_Issues">A.5 Query Related Issues</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="Case_sensitivity" HREF="manual.html#Case_sensitivity">A.5.1 Case-Sensitivity in Searches</A>
<LI><A NAME="Using_DATE" HREF="manual.html#Using_DATE">A.5.2 Problems Using <CODE>DATE</CODE> Columns</A>
<LI><A NAME="Problems_with_NULL" HREF="manual.html#Problems_with_NULL">A.5.3 Problems with <CODE>NULL</CODE> Values</A>
<LI><A NAME="Problems_with_alias" HREF="manual.html#Problems_with_alias">A.5.4 Problems with <CODE>alias</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="Deleting_from_related_tables" HREF="manual.html#Deleting_from_related_tables">A.5.5 Deleting Rows from Related Tables</A>
<LI><A NAME="No_matching_rows" HREF="manual.html#No_matching_rows">A.5.6 Solving Problems with No Matching Rows</A>
<LI><A NAME="Problems_with_float" HREF="manual.html#Problems_with_float">A.5.7 Problems with Floating-Point Comparison</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="Optimiser_Issues" HREF="manual.html#Optimiser_Issues">A.6 Optimizer Related Issues</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="How_to_avoid_table_scan" HREF="manual.html#How_to_avoid_table_scan">A.6.1 How to avoid table scan,,,</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="Table_Definition_Issues" HREF="manual.html#Table_Definition_Issues">A.7 Table Definition Related Issues</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="ALTER_TABLE_problems" HREF="manual.html#ALTER_TABLE_problems">A.7.1 Problems with <CODE>ALTER TABLE</CODE>.</A>
<LI><A NAME="Change_column_order" HREF="manual.html#Change_column_order">A.7.2 How To Change the Order of Columns in a Table</A>
<LI><A NAME="Temporary_table_problems" HREF="manual.html#Temporary_table_problems">A.7.3 TEMPORARY TABLE problems</A>
</UL>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="Credits" HREF="manual.html#Credits">B Credits</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="Developers" HREF="manual.html#Developers">B.1 Developers at MySQL AB</A>
<LI><A NAME="Contributors" HREF="manual.html#Contributors">B.2 Contributors to MySQL</A>
<LI><A NAME="Documenters_Translators" HREF="manual.html#Documenters_Translators">B.3 Documenters and translators</A>
<LI><A NAME="Used_Libraries" HREF="manual.html#Used_Libraries">B.4 Libraries used by and included with MySQL</A>
<LI><A NAME="Packages" HREF="manual.html#Packages">B.5 Packages that support MySQL</A>
<LI><A NAME="Tools_used_to_create_MySQL" HREF="manual.html#Tools_used_to_create_MySQL">B.6 Tools that were used to create MySQL</A>
<LI><A NAME="Supporters" HREF="manual.html#Supporters">B.7 Supporters of MySQL</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="News" HREF="manual.html#News">C MySQL Change History</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="News-5.0.x" HREF="manual.html#News-5.0.x">C.1 Changes in release 5.0.x (Development)</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="News-5.0.1" HREF="manual.html#News-5.0.1">C.1.1 Changes in release 5.0.1 (not released yet)</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-5.0.0" HREF="manual.html#News-5.0.0">C.1.2 Changes in release 5.0.0 (22 Dec 2003: Alpha)</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="News-4.1.x" HREF="manual.html#News-4.1.x">C.2 Changes in release 4.1.x (Alpha)</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="News-4.1.2" HREF="manual.html#News-4.1.2">C.2.1 Changes in release 4.1.2 (not released yet)</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-4.1.1" HREF="manual.html#News-4.1.1">C.2.2 Changes in release 4.1.1 (01 Dec 2003)</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-4.1.0" HREF="manual.html#News-4.1.0">C.2.3 Changes in release 4.1.0 (03 Apr 2003: Alpha)</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="News-4.0.x" HREF="manual.html#News-4.0.x">C.3 Changes in release 4.0.x (Production)</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="News-4.0.19" HREF="manual.html#News-4.0.19">C.3.1 Changes in release 4.0.19 (not released yet)</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-4.0.18" HREF="manual.html#News-4.0.18">C.3.2 Changes in release 4.0.18 (to be released soon)</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-4.0.17" HREF="manual.html#News-4.0.17">C.3.3 Changes in release 4.0.17 (14 Dec 2003)</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-4.0.16" HREF="manual.html#News-4.0.16">C.3.4 Changes in release 4.0.16 (17 Oct 2003)</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-4.0.15" HREF="manual.html#News-4.0.15">C.3.5 Changes in release 4.0.15 (03 Sep 2003)</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-4.0.14" HREF="manual.html#News-4.0.14">C.3.6 Changes in release 4.0.14 (18 Jul 2003)</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-4.0.13" HREF="manual.html#News-4.0.13">C.3.7 Changes in release 4.0.13 (16 May 2003)</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-4.0.12" HREF="manual.html#News-4.0.12">C.3.8 Changes in release 4.0.12 (15 Mar 2003: Production)</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-4.0.11" HREF="manual.html#News-4.0.11">C.3.9 Changes in release 4.0.11 (20 Feb 2003)</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-4.0.10" HREF="manual.html#News-4.0.10">C.3.10 Changes in release 4.0.10 (29 Jan 2003)</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-4.0.9" HREF="manual.html#News-4.0.9">C.3.11 Changes in release 4.0.9 (09 Jan 2003)</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-4.0.8" HREF="manual.html#News-4.0.8">C.3.12 Changes in release 4.0.8 (07 Jan 2003)</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-4.0.7" HREF="manual.html#News-4.0.7">C.3.13 Changes in release 4.0.7 (20 Dec 2002)</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-4.0.6" HREF="manual.html#News-4.0.6">C.3.14 Changes in release 4.0.6 (14 Dec 2002: Gamma)</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-4.0.5" HREF="manual.html#News-4.0.5">C.3.15 Changes in release 4.0.5 (13 Nov 2002)</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-4.0.4" HREF="manual.html#News-4.0.4">C.3.16 Changes in release 4.0.4 (29 Sep 2002)</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-4.0.3" HREF="manual.html#News-4.0.3">C.3.17 Changes in release 4.0.3 (26 Aug 2002: Beta)</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-4.0.2" HREF="manual.html#News-4.0.2">C.3.18 Changes in release 4.0.2 (01 Jul 2002)</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-4.0.1" HREF="manual.html#News-4.0.1">C.3.19 Changes in release 4.0.1 (23 Dec 2001)</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-4.0.0" HREF="manual.html#News-4.0.0">C.3.20 Changes in release 4.0.0 (Oct 2001: Alpha)</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.23.x" HREF="manual.html#News-3.23.x">C.4 Changes in release 3.23.x (Recent; still supported)</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.23.59" HREF="manual.html#News-3.23.59">C.4.1 Changes in release 3.23.59 (not released yet)</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.23.58" HREF="manual.html#News-3.23.58">C.4.2 Changes in release 3.23.58 (11 Sep 2003)</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.23.57" HREF="manual.html#News-3.23.57">C.4.3 Changes in release 3.23.57 (06 Jun 2003)</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.23.56" HREF="manual.html#News-3.23.56">C.4.4 Changes in release 3.23.56 (13 Mar 2003)</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.23.55" HREF="manual.html#News-3.23.55">C.4.5 Changes in release 3.23.55 (23 Jan 2003)</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.23.54" HREF="manual.html#News-3.23.54">C.4.6 Changes in release 3.23.54 (05 Dec 2002)</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.23.53" HREF="manual.html#News-3.23.53">C.4.7 Changes in release 3.23.53 (09 Oct 2002)</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.23.52" HREF="manual.html#News-3.23.52">C.4.8 Changes in release 3.23.52 (14 Aug 2002)</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.23.51" HREF="manual.html#News-3.23.51">C.4.9 Changes in release 3.23.51 (31 May 2002)</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.23.50" HREF="manual.html#News-3.23.50">C.4.10 Changes in release 3.23.50 (21 Apr 2002)</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.23.49" HREF="manual.html#News-3.23.49">C.4.11 Changes in release 3.23.49</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.23.48" HREF="manual.html#News-3.23.48">C.4.12 Changes in release 3.23.48 (07 Feb 2002)</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.23.47" HREF="manual.html#News-3.23.47">C.4.13 Changes in release 3.23.47 (27 Dec 2001)</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.23.46" HREF="manual.html#News-3.23.46">C.4.14 Changes in release 3.23.46 (29 Nov 2001)</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.23.45" HREF="manual.html#News-3.23.45">C.4.15 Changes in release 3.23.45 (22 Nov 2001)</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.23.44" HREF="manual.html#News-3.23.44">C.4.16 Changes in release 3.23.44 (31 Oct 2001)</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.23.43" HREF="manual.html#News-3.23.43">C.4.17 Changes in release 3.23.43 (04 Oct 2001)</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.23.42" HREF="manual.html#News-3.23.42">C.4.18 Changes in release 3.23.42 (08 Sep 2001)</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.23.41" HREF="manual.html#News-3.23.41">C.4.19 Changes in release 3.23.41 (11 Aug 2001)</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.23.40" HREF="manual.html#News-3.23.40">C.4.20 Changes in release 3.23.40</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.23.39" HREF="manual.html#News-3.23.39">C.4.21 Changes in release 3.23.39 (12 Jun 2001)</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.23.38" HREF="manual.html#News-3.23.38">C.4.22 Changes in release 3.23.38 (09 May 2001)</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.23.37" HREF="manual.html#News-3.23.37">C.4.23 Changes in release 3.23.37 (17 Apr 2001)</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.23.36" HREF="manual.html#News-3.23.36">C.4.24 Changes in release 3.23.36 (27 Mar 2001)</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.23.35" HREF="manual.html#News-3.23.35">C.4.25 Changes in release 3.23.35 (15 Mar 2001)</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.23.34a" HREF="manual.html#News-3.23.34a">C.4.26 Changes in release 3.23.34a</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.23.34" HREF="manual.html#News-3.23.34">C.4.27 Changes in release 3.23.34 (10 Mar 2001)</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.23.33" HREF="manual.html#News-3.23.33">C.4.28 Changes in release 3.23.33 (09 Feb 2001)</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.23.32" HREF="manual.html#News-3.23.32">C.4.29 Changes in release 3.23.32 (22 Jan 2001: Production)</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.23.31" HREF="manual.html#News-3.23.31">C.4.30 Changes in release 3.23.31 (17 Jan 2001)</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.23.30" HREF="manual.html#News-3.23.30">C.4.31 Changes in release 3.23.30 (04 Jan 2001)</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.23.29" HREF="manual.html#News-3.23.29">C.4.32 Changes in release 3.23.29 (16 Dec 2000)</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.23.28" HREF="manual.html#News-3.23.28">C.4.33 Changes in release 3.23.28 (22 Nov 2000: Gamma)</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.23.27" HREF="manual.html#News-3.23.27">C.4.34 Changes in release 3.23.27 (24 Oct 2000)</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.23.26" HREF="manual.html#News-3.23.26">C.4.35 Changes in release 3.23.26 (18 Oct 2000)</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.23.25" HREF="manual.html#News-3.23.25">C.4.36 Changes in release 3.23.25 (29 Sep 2000)</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.23.24" HREF="manual.html#News-3.23.24">C.4.37 Changes in release 3.23.24 (08 Sep 2000)</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.23.23" HREF="manual.html#News-3.23.23">C.4.38 Changes in release 3.23.23 (01 Sep 2000)</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.23.22" HREF="manual.html#News-3.23.22">C.4.39 Changes in release 3.23.22 (31 Jul 2000)</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.23.21" HREF="manual.html#News-3.23.21">C.4.40 Changes in release 3.23.21</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.23.20" HREF="manual.html#News-3.23.20">C.4.41 Changes in release 3.23.20</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.23.19" HREF="manual.html#News-3.23.19">C.4.42 Changes in release 3.23.19</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.23.18" HREF="manual.html#News-3.23.18">C.4.43 Changes in release 3.23.18</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.23.17" HREF="manual.html#News-3.23.17">C.4.44 Changes in release 3.23.17</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.23.16" HREF="manual.html#News-3.23.16">C.4.45 Changes in release 3.23.16</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.23.15" HREF="manual.html#News-3.23.15">C.4.46 Changes in release 3.23.15 (May 2000: Beta)</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.23.14" HREF="manual.html#News-3.23.14">C.4.47 Changes in release 3.23.14</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.23.13" HREF="manual.html#News-3.23.13">C.4.48 Changes in release 3.23.13</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.23.12" HREF="manual.html#News-3.23.12">C.4.49 Changes in release 3.23.12 (07 Mar 2000)</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.23.11" HREF="manual.html#News-3.23.11">C.4.50 Changes in release 3.23.11</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.23.10" HREF="manual.html#News-3.23.10">C.4.51 Changes in release 3.23.10</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.23.9" HREF="manual.html#News-3.23.9">C.4.52 Changes in release 3.23.9</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.23.8" HREF="manual.html#News-3.23.8">C.4.53 Changes in release 3.23.8 (02 Jan 2000)</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.23.7" HREF="manual.html#News-3.23.7">C.4.54 Changes in release 3.23.7 (10 Dec 1999)</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.23.6" HREF="manual.html#News-3.23.6">C.4.55 Changes in release 3.23.6</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.23.5" HREF="manual.html#News-3.23.5">C.4.56 Changes in release 3.23.5 (20 Oct 1999)</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.23.4" HREF="manual.html#News-3.23.4">C.4.57 Changes in release 3.23.4 (28 Sep 1999)</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.23.3" HREF="manual.html#News-3.23.3">C.4.58 Changes in release 3.23.3</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.23.2" HREF="manual.html#News-3.23.2">C.4.59 Changes in release 3.23.2 (09 Aug 1999)</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.23.1" HREF="manual.html#News-3.23.1">C.4.60 Changes in release 3.23.1</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.23.0" HREF="manual.html#News-3.23.0">C.4.61 Changes in release 3.23.0 (05 Aug 1999: Alpha)</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.22.x" HREF="manual.html#News-3.22.x">C.5 Changes in release 3.22.x (Old; discontinued)</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.22.35" HREF="manual.html#News-3.22.35">C.5.1 Changes in release 3.22.35</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.22.34" HREF="manual.html#News-3.22.34">C.5.2 Changes in release 3.22.34</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.22.33" HREF="manual.html#News-3.22.33">C.5.3 Changes in release 3.22.33</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.22.32" HREF="manual.html#News-3.22.32">C.5.4 Changes in release 3.22.32 (14 Feb 2000)</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.22.31" HREF="manual.html#News-3.22.31">C.5.5 Changes in release 3.22.31</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.22.30" HREF="manual.html#News-3.22.30">C.5.6 Changes in release 3.22.30</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.22.29" HREF="manual.html#News-3.22.29">C.5.7 Changes in release 3.22.29 (02 Jan 2000)</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.22.28" HREF="manual.html#News-3.22.28">C.5.8 Changes in release 3.22.28 (20 Oct 1999)</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.22.27" HREF="manual.html#News-3.22.27">C.5.9 Changes in release 3.22.27</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.22.26" HREF="manual.html#News-3.22.26">C.5.10 Changes in release 3.22.26 (16 Sep 1999)</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.22.25" HREF="manual.html#News-3.22.25">C.5.11 Changes in release 3.22.25</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.22.24" HREF="manual.html#News-3.22.24">C.5.12 Changes in release 3.22.24 (05 Jul 1999)</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.22.23" HREF="manual.html#News-3.22.23">C.5.13 Changes in release 3.22.23 (08 Jun 1999)</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.22.22" HREF="manual.html#News-3.22.22">C.5.14 Changes in release 3.22.22 (30 Apr 1999)</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.22.21" HREF="manual.html#News-3.22.21">C.5.15 Changes in release 3.22.21</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.22.20" HREF="manual.html#News-3.22.20">C.5.16 Changes in release 3.22.20 (18 Mar 1999)</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.22.19" HREF="manual.html#News-3.22.19">C.5.17 Changes in release 3.22.19 (Mar 1999: Production)</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.22.18" HREF="manual.html#News-3.22.18">C.5.18 Changes in release 3.22.18</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.22.17" HREF="manual.html#News-3.22.17">C.5.19 Changes in release 3.22.17</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.22.16" HREF="manual.html#News-3.22.16">C.5.20 Changes in release 3.22.16 (Feb 1999: Gamma)</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.22.15" HREF="manual.html#News-3.22.15">C.5.21 Changes in release 3.22.15</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.22.14" HREF="manual.html#News-3.22.14">C.5.22 Changes in release 3.22.14</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.22.13" HREF="manual.html#News-3.22.13">C.5.23 Changes in release 3.22.13</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.22.12" HREF="manual.html#News-3.22.12">C.5.24 Changes in release 3.22.12</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.22.11" HREF="manual.html#News-3.22.11">C.5.25 Changes in release 3.22.11</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.22.10" HREF="manual.html#News-3.22.10">C.5.26 Changes in release 3.22.10</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.22.9" HREF="manual.html#News-3.22.9">C.5.27 Changes in release 3.22.9</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.22.8" HREF="manual.html#News-3.22.8">C.5.28 Changes in release 3.22.8</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.22.7" HREF="manual.html#News-3.22.7">C.5.29 Changes in release 3.22.7 (Sep 1998: Beta)</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.22.6" HREF="manual.html#News-3.22.6">C.5.30 Changes in release 3.22.6</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.22.5" HREF="manual.html#News-3.22.5">C.5.31 Changes in release 3.22.5</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.22.4" HREF="manual.html#News-3.22.4">C.5.32 Changes in release 3.22.4</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.22.3" HREF="manual.html#News-3.22.3">C.5.33 Changes in release 3.22.3</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.22.2" HREF="manual.html#News-3.22.2">C.5.34 Changes in release 3.22.2</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.22.1" HREF="manual.html#News-3.22.1">C.5.35 Changes in release 3.22.1 (Jun 1998: Alpha)</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.22.0" HREF="manual.html#News-3.22.0">C.5.36 Changes in release 3.22.0</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.21.x" HREF="manual.html#News-3.21.x">C.6 Changes in release 3.21.x</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.21.33" HREF="manual.html#News-3.21.33">C.6.1 Changes in release 3.21.33</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.21.32" HREF="manual.html#News-3.21.32">C.6.2 Changes in release 3.21.32</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.21.31" HREF="manual.html#News-3.21.31">C.6.3 Changes in release 3.21.31</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.21.30" HREF="manual.html#News-3.21.30">C.6.4 Changes in release 3.21.30</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.21.29" HREF="manual.html#News-3.21.29">C.6.5 Changes in release 3.21.29</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.21.28" HREF="manual.html#News-3.21.28">C.6.6 Changes in release 3.21.28</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.21.27" HREF="manual.html#News-3.21.27">C.6.7 Changes in release 3.21.27</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.21.26" HREF="manual.html#News-3.21.26">C.6.8 Changes in release 3.21.26</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.21.25" HREF="manual.html#News-3.21.25">C.6.9 Changes in release 3.21.25</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.21.24" HREF="manual.html#News-3.21.24">C.6.10 Changes in release 3.21.24</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.21.23" HREF="manual.html#News-3.21.23">C.6.11 Changes in release 3.21.23</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.21.22" HREF="manual.html#News-3.21.22">C.6.12 Changes in release 3.21.22</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.21.21a" HREF="manual.html#News-3.21.21a">C.6.13 Changes in release 3.21.21a</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.21.21" HREF="manual.html#News-3.21.21">C.6.14 Changes in release 3.21.21</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.21.20" HREF="manual.html#News-3.21.20">C.6.15 Changes in release 3.21.20</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.21.19" HREF="manual.html#News-3.21.19">C.6.16 Changes in release 3.21.19</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.21.18" HREF="manual.html#News-3.21.18">C.6.17 Changes in release 3.21.18</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.21.17" HREF="manual.html#News-3.21.17">C.6.18 Changes in release 3.21.17</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.21.16" HREF="manual.html#News-3.21.16">C.6.19 Changes in release 3.21.16</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.21.15" HREF="manual.html#News-3.21.15">C.6.20 Changes in release 3.21.15</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.21.14b" HREF="manual.html#News-3.21.14b">C.6.21 Changes in release 3.21.14b</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.21.14a" HREF="manual.html#News-3.21.14a">C.6.22 Changes in release 3.21.14a</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.21.13" HREF="manual.html#News-3.21.13">C.6.23 Changes in release 3.21.13</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.21.12" HREF="manual.html#News-3.21.12">C.6.24 Changes in release 3.21.12</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.21.11" HREF="manual.html#News-3.21.11">C.6.25 Changes in release 3.21.11</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.21.10" HREF="manual.html#News-3.21.10">C.6.26 Changes in release 3.21.10</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.21.9" HREF="manual.html#News-3.21.9">C.6.27 Changes in release 3.21.9</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.21.8" HREF="manual.html#News-3.21.8">C.6.28 Changes in release 3.21.8</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.21.7" HREF="manual.html#News-3.21.7">C.6.29 Changes in release 3.21.7</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.21.6" HREF="manual.html#News-3.21.6">C.6.30 Changes in release 3.21.6</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.21.5" HREF="manual.html#News-3.21.5">C.6.31 Changes in release 3.21.5</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.21.4" HREF="manual.html#News-3.21.4">C.6.32 Changes in release 3.21.4</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.21.3" HREF="manual.html#News-3.21.3">C.6.33 Changes in release 3.21.3</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.21.2" HREF="manual.html#News-3.21.2">C.6.34 Changes in release 3.21.2</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.21.0" HREF="manual.html#News-3.21.0">C.6.35 Changes in release 3.21.0</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.20.x" HREF="manual.html#News-3.20.x">C.7 Changes in release 3.20.x</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.20.18" HREF="manual.html#News-3.20.18">C.7.1 Changes in release 3.20.18</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.20.17" HREF="manual.html#News-3.20.17">C.7.2 Changes in release 3.20.17</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.20.16" HREF="manual.html#News-3.20.16">C.7.3 Changes in release 3.20.16</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.20.15" HREF="manual.html#News-3.20.15">C.7.4 Changes in release 3.20.15</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.20.14" HREF="manual.html#News-3.20.14">C.7.5 Changes in release 3.20.14</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.20.13" HREF="manual.html#News-3.20.13">C.7.6 Changes in release 3.20.13</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.20.11" HREF="manual.html#News-3.20.11">C.7.7 Changes in release 3.20.11</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.20.10" HREF="manual.html#News-3.20.10">C.7.8 Changes in release 3.20.10</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.20.9" HREF="manual.html#News-3.20.9">C.7.9 Changes in release 3.20.9</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.20.8" HREF="manual.html#News-3.20.8">C.7.10 Changes in release 3.20.8</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.20.7" HREF="manual.html#News-3.20.7">C.7.11 Changes in release 3.20.7</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.20.6" HREF="manual.html#News-3.20.6">C.7.12 Changes in release 3.20.6</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.20.3" HREF="manual.html#News-3.20.3">C.7.13 Changes in release 3.20.3</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.20.0" HREF="manual.html#News-3.20.0">C.7.14 Changes in release 3.20.0</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.19.x" HREF="manual.html#News-3.19.x">C.8 Changes in release 3.19.x</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.19.5" HREF="manual.html#News-3.19.5">C.8.1 Changes in release 3.19.5</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.19.4" HREF="manual.html#News-3.19.4">C.8.2 Changes in release 3.19.4</A>
<LI><A NAME="News-3.19.3" HREF="manual.html#News-3.19.3">C.8.3 Changes in release 3.19.3</A>
</UL>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="Porting" HREF="manual.html#Porting">D Porting to Other Systems</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="Debugging_server" HREF="manual.html#Debugging_server">D.1 Debugging a MySQL server</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="Compiling_for_debugging" HREF="manual.html#Compiling_for_debugging">D.1.1 Compiling MYSQL for Debugging</A>
<LI><A NAME="Making_trace_files" HREF="manual.html#Making_trace_files">D.1.2 Creating Trace Files</A>
<LI><A NAME="Using_gdb_on_mysqld" HREF="manual.html#Using_gdb_on_mysqld">D.1.3 Debugging mysqld under gdb</A>
<LI><A NAME="Using_stack_trace" HREF="manual.html#Using_stack_trace">D.1.4 Using a Stack Trace</A>
<LI><A NAME="Using_log_files" HREF="manual.html#Using_log_files">D.1.5 Using Log Files to Find Cause of Errors in mysqld</A>
<LI><A NAME="Reproduceable_test_case" HREF="manual.html#Reproduceable_test_case">D.1.6 Making a Test Case If You Experience Table Corruption</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="Debugging_client" HREF="manual.html#Debugging_client">D.2 Debugging a MySQL client</A>
<LI><A NAME="The_DBUG_package" HREF="manual.html#The_DBUG_package">D.3 The DBUG Package</A>
<LI><A NAME="Locking_methods" HREF="manual.html#Locking_methods">D.4 Locking methods</A>
<LI><A NAME="RTS-threads" HREF="manual.html#RTS-threads">D.5 Comments about RTS threads</A>
<LI><A NAME="Thread_packages" HREF="manual.html#Thread_packages">D.6 Differences between different thread packages</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="Environment_variables" HREF="manual.html#Environment_variables">E Environment Variables</A>
<LI><A NAME="Regexp" HREF="manual.html#Regexp">F MySQL Regular Expressions</A>
<LI><A NAME="GPL_license" HREF="manual.html#GPL_license">G GNU General Public License</A>
<LI><A NAME="Function_Index" HREF="manual.html#Function_Index">SQL command, type and function index</A>
<LI><A NAME="Concept_Index" HREF="manual.html#Concept_Index">Concept Index</A>
</UL>
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