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<h2>Regular Expression Performance Comparison</h2>
<p>
The following tables provide comparisons between the following regular
expression libraries:</p>
<p><a href="http://research.microsoft.com/projects/greta">GRETA</a>.</p>
<p><a href="http://www.boost.org/">The Boost regex library</a>.</p>
<p><a href="http://arglist.com/regex/">Henry Spencer's regular expression library</a>
- this is provided for comparison as a typical non-backtracking implementation.</p>
<P>Philip Hazel's <A href="http://www.pcre.org">PCRE</A> library.</P>
<H3>Details</H3>
<P>Machine: Intel Pentium 4 2.8GHz PC.</P>
<P>Compiler: Microsoft Visual C++ version 7.1.</P>
<P>C++ Standard Library: Dinkumware standard library version 313.</P>
<P>OS: Win32.</P>
<P>Boost version: 1.31.0.</P>
<P>PCRE version: 3.9.</P>
<P>
As ever care should be taken in interpreting the results, only sensible regular
expressions (rather than pathological cases) are given, most are taken from the
Boost regex examples, or from the <a href="http://www.regxlib.com/">Library of
Regular Expressions</a>. In addition, some variation in the relative
performance of these libraries can be expected on other machines - as memory
access and processor caching effects can be quite large for most finite state
machine algorithms.</P>
<H3>Averages</H3>
<P>The following are the average relative scores for all the tests: the perfect
regular expression library would score 1, in practice any small number
(say less that 4 or 5) is pretty good.</P>
<P><table border="1" cellspacing="1">
<tr>
<td><strong>GRETA</strong></td>
<td><strong>GRETA<BR>
(non-recursive mode)</strong></td>
<td><strong>Boost</strong></td>
<td><strong>Boost + C++ locale</strong></td>
<td><strong>POSIX</strong></td>
<td><strong>PCRE</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>2.31619</td>
<td>6.14203</td>
<td>2.30668</td>
<td>1.94363</td>
<td>124.752</td>
<td>2.09365</td>
</tr>
</table>
</P>
<h3>Comparison 1: Long Search</h3>
<p>For each of the following regular expressions the time taken to find all
occurrences of the expression within a long English language text was measured
(<a href="ftp://ibiblio.org/pub/docs/books/gutenberg/etext02/mtent12.zip">mtent12.txt</a>
from <a href="http://promo.net/pg/">Project Gutenberg</a>, 19Mb). </p>
<P><table border="1" cellspacing="1">
<tr>
<td><strong>Expression</strong></td>
<td><strong>GRETA</strong></td>
<td><strong>GRETA<BR>
(non-recursive mode)</strong></td>
<td><strong>Boost</strong></td>
<td><strong>Boost + C++ locale</strong></td>
<td><strong>POSIX</strong></td>
<td><strong>PCRE</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>Twain</code></td>
<td><font color="#008000">1<BR>
(0.0407s)</font></td>
<td><font color="#008000">1<BR>
(0.0407s)</font></td>
<td>4.18<BR>
(0.17s)</td>
<td>4.18<BR>
(0.17s)</td>
<td>135<BR>
(5.48s)</td>
<td>1.37<BR>
(0.0557s)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>Huck[[:alpha:]]+</code></td>
<td><font color="#008000">1.02<BR>
(0.0381s)</font></td>
<td><font color="#008000">1<BR>
(0.0375s)</font></td>
<td>4.53<BR>
(0.17s)</td>
<td>4.54<BR>
(0.17s)</td>
<td>166<BR>
(6.23s)</td>
<td>1.34<BR>
(0.0501s)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>[[:alpha:]]+ing</code></td>
<td>4.3<BR>
(4.18s)</td>
<td>9.93<BR>
(9.65s)</td>
<td>1.15<BR>
(1.12s)</td>
<td><font color="#008000">1<BR>
(0.972s)</font></td>
<td>8.15<BR>
(7.92s)</td>
<td>5.85<BR>
(5.69s)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>^[^ ]*?Twain</code></td>
<td>6.25<BR>
(1.84s)</td>
<td>20.9<BR>
(6.16s)</td>
<td>1.56<BR>
(0.461s)</td>
<td><font color="#008000">1<BR>
(0.295s)</font></td>
<td>NA</td>
<td>2.58<BR>
(0.761s)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>Tom|Sawyer|Huckleberry|Finn</code></td>
<td>6.53<BR>
(0.711s)</td>
<td>11.5<BR>
(1.25s)</td>
<td>2.3<BR>
(0.251s)</td>
<td><font color="#008000">1<BR>
(0.109s)</font></td>
<td>196<BR>
(21.4s)</td>
<td>1.77<BR>
(0.193s)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>(Tom|Sawyer|Huckleberry|Finn).{0,30}river|river.{0,30}(Tom|Sawyer|Huckleberry|Finn)</code></td>
<td>3.88<BR>
(0.972s)</td>
<td>6.48<BR>
(1.62s)</td>
<td>1.66<BR>
(0.416s)</td>
<td><font color="#008000">1<BR>
(0.251s)</font></td>
<td>NA</td>
<td>2.48<BR>
(0.62s)</td>
</tr>
</table>
</P>
<h3>Comparison 2: Medium Sized Search</h3>
<p>For each of the following regular expressions the time taken to find all
occurrences of the expression within a medium sized English language text was
measured (the first 50K from mtent12.txt). </p>
<P><table border="1" cellspacing="1">
<tr>
<td><strong>Expression</strong></td>
<td><strong>GRETA</strong></td>
<td><strong>GRETA<BR>
(non-recursive mode)</strong></td>
<td><strong>Boost</strong></td>
<td><strong>Boost + C++ locale</strong></td>
<td><strong>POSIX</strong></td>
<td><strong>PCRE</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>Twain</code></td>
<td><font color="#008000">1<BR>
(9.05e-005s)</font></td>
<td><font color="#008000">1.03<BR>
(9.29e-005s)</font></td>
<td>4.92<BR>
(0.000445s)</td>
<td>4.92<BR>
(0.000445s)</td>
<td>43.2<BR>
(0.00391s)</td>
<td>3.18<BR>
(0.000288s)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>Huck[[:alpha:]]+</code></td>
<td><font color="#008000">1<BR>
(8.56e-005s)</font></td>
<td><font color="#008000">1<BR>
(8.56e-005s)</font></td>
<td>4.97<BR>
(0.000425s)</td>
<td>4.98<BR>
(0.000426s)</td>
<td>2.8<BR>
(0.000239s)</td>
<td>2.2<BR>
(0.000188s)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>[[:alpha:]]+ing</code></td>
<td>5.29<BR>
(0.011s)</td>
<td>11.8<BR>
(0.0244s)</td>
<td>1.19<BR>
(0.00246s)</td>
<td><font color="#008000">1<BR>
(0.00207s)</font></td>
<td>8.77<BR>
(0.0182s)</td>
<td>6.88<BR>
(0.0142s)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>^[^ ]*?Twain</code></td>
<td>5.98<BR>
(0.00462s)</td>
<td>20.2<BR>
(0.0156s)</td>
<td>1.54<BR>
(0.00119s)</td>
<td><font color="#008000">1<BR>
(0.000772s)</font></td>
<td>NA</td>
<td>2.53<BR>
(0.00195s)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>Tom|Sawyer|Huckleberry|Finn</code></td>
<td>3.42<BR>
(0.00207s)</td>
<td>6.31<BR>
(0.00383s)</td>
<td>1.71<BR>
(0.00104s)</td>
<td><font color="#008000">1<BR>
(0.000606s)</font></td>
<td>81.5<BR>
(0.0494s)</td>
<td>1.96<BR>
(0.00119s)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>(Tom|Sawyer|Huckleberry|Finn).{0,30}river|river.{0,30}(Tom|Sawyer|Huckleberry|Finn)</code></td>
<td>1.97<BR>
(0.00266s)</td>
<td>3.77<BR>
(0.00509s)</td>
<td>1.38<BR>
(0.00186s)</td>
<td><font color="#008000">1<BR>
(0.00135s)</font></td>
<td>297<BR>
(0.401s)</td>
<td>1.77<BR>
(0.00238s)</td>
</tr>
</table>
</P>
<H3>Comparison 3: C++ Code Search</H3>
<P>For each of the following regular expressions the time taken to find all
occurrences of the expression within the C++ source file <A href="../../../boost/crc.hpp">
boost/crc.hpp</A> was measured. </P>
<P><table border="1" cellspacing="1">
<tr>
<td><strong>Expression</strong></td>
<td><strong>GRETA</strong></td>
<td><strong>GRETA<BR>
(non-recursive mode)</strong></td>
<td><strong>Boost</strong></td>
<td><strong>Boost + C++ locale</strong></td>
<td><strong>POSIX</strong></td>
<td><strong>PCRE</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>^(template[[:space:]]*<[^;:{]+>[[:space:]]*)?(class|struct)[[:space:]]*(\<\w+\>([
]*\([^)]*\))?[[:space:]]*)*(\<\w*\>)[[:space:]]*(<[^;:{]+>[[:space:]]*)?(\{|:[^;\{()]*\{)</code></td>
<td>6.67<BR>
(0.00147s)</td>
<td>36.9<BR>
(0.00813s)</td>
<td><font color="#008000">1.03<BR>
(0.000227s)</font></td>
<td><font color="#008000">1<BR>
(0.00022s)</font></td>
<td>557<BR>
(0.123s)</td>
<td>2.57<BR>
(0.000566s)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>(^[
]*#(?:[^\\\n]|\\[^\n_[:punct:][:alnum:]]*[\n[:punct:][:word:]])*)|(//[^\n]*|/\*.*?\*/)|\<([+-]?(?:(?:0x[[:xdigit:]]+)|(?:(?:[[:digit:]]*\.)?[[:digit:]]+(?:[eE][+-]?[[:digit:]]+)?))u?(?:(?:int(?:8|16|32|64))|L)?)\>|('(?:[^\\']|\\.)*'|"(?:[^\\"]|\\.)*")|\<(__asm|__cdecl|__declspec|__export|__far16|__fastcall|__fortran|__import|__pascal|__rtti|__stdcall|_asm|_cdecl|__except|_export|_far16|_fastcall|__finally|_fortran|_import|_pascal|_stdcall|__thread|__try|asm|auto|bool|break|case|catch|cdecl|char|class|const|const_cast|continue|default|delete|do|double|dynamic_cast|else|enum|explicit|extern|false|float|for|friend|goto|if|inline|int|long|mutable|namespace|new|operator|pascal|private|protected|public|register|reinterpret_cast|return|short|signed|sizeof|static|static_cast|struct|switch|template|this|throw|true|try|typedef|typeid|typename|union|unsigned|using|virtual|void|volatile|wchar_t|while)\></code></td>
<td><font color="#008000">1<BR>
(0.00555s)</font></td>
<td>3.32<BR>
(0.0185s)</td>
<td>2.53<BR>
(0.0141s)</td>
<td>1.94<BR>
(0.0108s)</td>
<td>NA</td>
<td>3.38<BR>
(0.0188s)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>^[ ]*#[ ]*include[ ]+("[^"]+"|<[^>]+>)</code></td>
<td>4.77<BR>
(0.00156s)</td>
<td>24.8<BR>
(0.00814s)</td>
<td>1.13<BR>
(0.000372s)</td>
<td><font color="#008000">1<BR>
(0.000328s)</font></td>
<td>120<BR>
(0.0394s)</td>
<td>1.58<BR>
(0.000518s)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>^[ ]*#[ ]*include[ ]+("boost/[^"]+"|<boost/[^>]+>)</code></td>
<td>4.72<BR>
(0.00154s)</td>
<td>24.8<BR>
(0.00813s)</td>
<td>1.12<BR>
(0.000367s)</td>
<td><font color="#008000">1<BR>
(0.000328s)</font></td>
<td>143<BR>
(0.0469s)</td>
<td>1.58<BR>
(0.000518s)</td>
</tr>
</table>
</P>
<H3>
<H3>Comparison 4: HTML Document Search</H3>
</H3>
<P>For each of the following regular expressions the time taken to find all
occurrences of the expression within the html file <A href="../../libraries.htm">libs/libraries.htm</A>
was measured. </P>
<P><table border="1" cellspacing="1">
<tr>
<td><strong>Expression</strong></td>
<td><strong>GRETA</strong></td>
<td><strong>GRETA<BR>
(non-recursive mode)</strong></td>
<td><strong>Boost</strong></td>
<td><strong>Boost + C++ locale</strong></td>
<td><strong>POSIX</strong></td>
<td><strong>PCRE</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>beman|john|dave</code></td>
<td>4.07<BR>
(0.00111s)</td>
<td>7.14<BR>
(0.00195s)</td>
<td>1.75<BR>
(0.000479s)</td>
<td><font color="#008000">1<BR>
(0.000273s)</font></td>
<td>54.3<BR>
(0.0149s)</td>
<td>1.83<BR>
(0.000499s)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code><p>.*?</p></code></td>
<td><font color="#008000">1<BR>
(6.59e-005s)</font></td>
<td><font color="#008000">1.04<BR>
(6.84e-005s)</font></td>
<td>4.15<BR>
(0.000273s)</td>
<td>4.23<BR>
(0.000279s)</td>
<td>NA</td>
<td>4.23<BR>
(0.000279s)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code><a[^>]+href=("[^"]*"|[^[:space:]]+)[^>]*></code></td>
<td>1.39<BR>
(0.000626s)</td>
<td>1.83<BR>
(0.000821s)</td>
<td>1.41<BR>
(0.000636s)</td>
<td><font color="#008000">1<BR>
(0.00045s)</font></td>
<td>351<BR>
(0.158s)</td>
<td>1.13<BR>
(0.000509s)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code><h[12345678][^>]*>.*?</h[12345678]></code></td>
<td><font color="#008000">1<BR>
(0.000142s)</font></td>
<td>1.21<BR>
(0.000171s)</td>
<td>2.62<BR>
(0.000372s)</td>
<td>1.48<BR>
(0.00021s)</td>
<td>NA</td>
<td>1.73<BR>
(0.000245s)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code><img[^>]+src=("[^"]*"|[^[:space:]]+)[^>]*></code></td>
<td><font color="#008000">1<BR>
(5.38e-005s)</font></td>
<td><font color="#008000">1.05<BR>
(5.63e-005s)</font></td>
<td>5<BR>
(0.000269s)</td>
<td>5.18<BR>
(0.000278s)</td>
<td>604<BR>
(0.0325s)</td>
<td>4.05<BR>
(0.000218s)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code><font[^>]+face=("[^"]*"|[^[:space:]]+)[^>]*>.*?</font></code></td>
<td><font color="#008000">1<BR>
(6.05e-005s)</font></td>
<td><font color="#008000">1.09<BR>
(6.59e-005s)</font></td>
<td>4.45<BR>
(0.000269s)</td>
<td>4.69<BR>
(0.000284s)</td>
<td>NA</td>
<td>3.64<BR>
(0.00022s)</td>
</tr>
</table>
</P>
<H3>Comparison 3: Simple Matches</H3>
<p>
For each of the following regular expressions the time taken to match against
the text indicated was measured. </p>
<P><table border="1" cellspacing="1">
<tr>
<td><strong>Expression</strong></td>
<td><strong>Text</strong></td>
<td><strong>GRETA</strong></td>
<td><strong>GRETA<BR>
(non-recursive mode)</strong></td>
<td><strong>Boost</strong></td>
<td><strong>Boost + C++ locale</strong></td>
<td><strong>POSIX</strong></td>
<td><strong>PCRE</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>abc</code></td>
<td>abc</td>
<td>1.32<BR>
(2.24e-007s)</td>
<td>1.86<BR>
(3.15e-007s)</td>
<td>1.25<BR>
(2.12e-007s)</td>
<td>1.24<BR>
(2.1e-007s)</td>
<td>2.98<BR>
(5.05e-007s)</td>
<td><font color="#008000">1<BR>
(1.7e-007s)</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>^([0-9]+)(\-| |$)(.*)$</code></td>
<td>100- this is a line of ftp response which contains a message string</td>
<td>1.32<BR>
(5.91e-007s)</td>
<td>1.96<BR>
(8.78e-007s)</td>
<td>2.68<BR>
(1.2e-006s)</td>
<td>1.53<BR>
(6.88e-007s)</td>
<td>332<BR>
(0.000149s)</td>
<td><font color="#008000">1<BR>
(4.49e-007s)</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>([[:digit:]]{4}[- ]){3}[[:digit:]]{3,4}</code></td>
<td>1234-5678-1234-456</td>
<td>1.44<BR>
(7.16e-007s)</td>
<td>2.04<BR>
(1.01e-006s)</td>
<td>3.35<BR>
(1.66e-006s)</td>
<td>2.15<BR>
(1.07e-006s)</td>
<td>31.4<BR>
(1.56e-005s)</td>
<td><font color="#008000">1<BR>
(4.96e-007s)</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>^([a-zA-Z0-9_\-\.]+)@((\[[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.)|(([a-zA-Z0-9\-]+\.)+))([a-zA-Z]{2,4}|[0-9]{1,3})(\]?)$</code></td>
<td>john@johnmaddock.co.uk</td>
<td><font color="#008000">1<BR>
(1.18e-006s)</font></td>
<td>1.42<BR>
(1.68e-006s)</td>
<td>2.06<BR>
(2.44e-006s)</td>
<td>1.35<BR>
(1.6e-006s)</td>
<td>165<BR>
(0.000196s)</td>
<td><font color="#008000">1.06<BR>
(1.26e-006s)</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>^([a-zA-Z0-9_\-\.]+)@((\[[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.)|(([a-zA-Z0-9\-]+\.)+))([a-zA-Z]{2,4}|[0-9]{1,3})(\]?)$</code></td>
<td>foo12@foo.edu</td>
<td><font color="#008000">1<BR>
(1.09e-006s)</font></td>
<td>1.44<BR>
(1.57e-006s)</td>
<td>2.21<BR>
(2.4e-006s)</td>
<td>1.41<BR>
(1.53e-006s)</td>
<td>108<BR>
(0.000117s)</td>
<td><font color="#008000">1.04<BR>
(1.13e-006s)</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>^([a-zA-Z0-9_\-\.]+)@((\[[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.)|(([a-zA-Z0-9\-]+\.)+))([a-zA-Z]{2,4}|[0-9]{1,3})(\]?)$</code></td>
<td>bob.smith@foo.tv</td>
<td><font color="#008000">1<BR>
(1.07e-006s)</font></td>
<td>1.43<BR>
(1.53e-006s)</td>
<td>2.21<BR>
(2.37e-006s)</td>
<td>1.45<BR>
(1.55e-006s)</td>
<td>123<BR>
(0.000132s)</td>
<td><font color="#008000">1.05<BR>
(1.13e-006s)</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>^[a-zA-Z]{1,2}[0-9][0-9A-Za-z]{0,1} {0,1}[0-9][A-Za-z]{2}$</code></td>
<td>EH10 2QQ</td>
<td><font color="#008000">1<BR>
(3.19e-007s)</font></td>
<td>1.67<BR>
(5.34e-007s)</td>
<td>1.58<BR>
(5.05e-007s)</td>
<td>1.4<BR>
(4.49e-007s)</td>
<td>10.4<BR>
(3.32e-006s)</td>
<td>1.15<BR>
(3.68e-007s)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>^[a-zA-Z]{1,2}[0-9][0-9A-Za-z]{0,1} {0,1}[0-9][A-Za-z]{2}$</code></td>
<td>G1 1AA</td>
<td><font color="#008000">1<BR>
(3.29e-007s)</font></td>
<td>1.65<BR>
(5.44e-007s)</td>
<td>1.51<BR>
(4.96e-007s)</td>
<td>1.36<BR>
(4.49e-007s)</td>
<td>8.46<BR>
(2.79e-006s)</td>
<td>1.1<BR>
(3.63e-007s)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>^[a-zA-Z]{1,2}[0-9][0-9A-Za-z]{0,1} {0,1}[0-9][A-Za-z]{2}$</code></td>
<td>SW1 1ZZ</td>
<td><font color="#008000">1<BR>
(3.25e-007s)</font></td>
<td>1.64<BR>
(5.34e-007s)</td>
<td>1.56<BR>
(5.05e-007s)</td>
<td>1.38<BR>
(4.49e-007s)</td>
<td>9.29<BR>
(3.02e-006s)</td>
<td>1.13<BR>
(3.68e-007s)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>^[[:digit:]]{1,2}/[[:digit:]]{1,2}/[[:digit:]]{4}$</code></td>
<td>4/1/2001</td>
<td><font color="#008000">1<BR>
(3.44e-007s)</font></td>
<td>1.55<BR>
(5.34e-007s)</td>
<td>2.36<BR>
(8.12e-007s)</td>
<td>2.2<BR>
(7.55e-007s)</td>
<td>19.6<BR>
(6.72e-006s)</td>
<td>1.81<BR>
(6.21e-007s)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>^[[:digit:]]{1,2}/[[:digit:]]{1,2}/[[:digit:]]{4}$</code></td>
<td>12/12/2001</td>
<td><font color="#008000">1.05<BR>
(6.59e-007s)</font></td>
<td>1.66<BR>
(1.05e-006s)</td>
<td>1.44<BR>
(9.07e-007s)</td>
<td>1.23<BR>
(7.73e-007s)</td>
<td>11.6<BR>
(7.34e-006s)</td>
<td><font color="#008000">1<BR>
(6.3e-007s)</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>^[-+]?[[:digit:]]*\.?[[:digit:]]*$</code></td>
<td>123</td>
<td><font color="#008000">1<BR>
(5.72e-007s)</font></td>
<td>1.59<BR>
(9.07e-007s)</td>
<td>1.6<BR>
(9.16e-007s)</td>
<td>1.49<BR>
(8.5e-007s)</td>
<td>6.14<BR>
(3.51e-006s)</td>
<td>1.22<BR>
(6.97e-007s)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>^[-+]?[[:digit:]]*\.?[[:digit:]]*$</code></td>
<td>+3.14159</td>
<td><font color="#008000">1<BR>
(6.78e-007s)</font></td>
<td>1.52<BR>
(1.03e-006s)</td>
<td>1.47<BR>
(9.94e-007s)</td>
<td>1.31<BR>
(8.88e-007s)</td>
<td>10.8<BR>
(7.34e-006s)</td>
<td><font color="#008000">1.08<BR>
(7.35e-007s)</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>^[-+]?[[:digit:]]*\.?[[:digit:]]*$</code></td>
<td>-3.14159</td>
<td><font color="#008000">1<BR>
(6.78e-007s)</font></td>
<td>1.52<BR>
(1.03e-006s)</td>
<td>1.46<BR>
(9.92e-007s)</td>
<td>1.32<BR>
(8.98e-007s)</td>
<td>10.5<BR>
(7.11e-006s)</td>
<td>1.11<BR>
(7.54e-007s)</td>
</tr>
</table>
</P>
<hr>
<p>Copyright John Maddock April 2003, all rights reserved.</p>
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