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><H1
CLASS="SECT1"
><A
NAME="FUNCTIONS-ARRAY"
>9.14. Array Functions and Operators</A
></H1
><P
>   <A
HREF="functions-array.html#ARRAY-OPERATORS-TABLE"
>Table 9-35</A
> shows the operators
   available for <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>array</TT
> types.
  </P
><DIV
CLASS="TABLE"
><A
NAME="ARRAY-OPERATORS-TABLE"
></A
><P
><B
>Table 9-35. <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>array</TT
> Operators</B
></P
><TABLE
BORDER="1"
CLASS="CALSTABLE"
><COL><COL><COL><COL><THEAD
><TR
><TH
>Operator</TH
><TH
>Description</TH
><TH
>Example</TH
><TH
>Result</TH
></TR
></THEAD
><TBODY
><TR
><TD
> <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>=</TT
> </TD
><TD
>equal</TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>ARRAY[1.1,2.1,3.1]::int[] = ARRAY[1,2,3]</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>t</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
> <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>&lt;&gt;</TT
> </TD
><TD
>not equal</TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>ARRAY[1,2,3] &lt;&gt; ARRAY[1,2,4]</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>t</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
> <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>&lt;</TT
> </TD
><TD
>less than</TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>ARRAY[1,2,3] &lt; ARRAY[1,2,4]</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>t</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
> <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>&gt;</TT
> </TD
><TD
>greater than</TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>ARRAY[1,4,3] &gt; ARRAY[1,2,4]</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>t</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
> <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>&lt;=</TT
> </TD
><TD
>less than or equal</TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>ARRAY[1,2,3] &lt;= ARRAY[1,2,3]</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>t</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
> <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>&gt;=</TT
> </TD
><TD
>greater than or equal</TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>ARRAY[1,4,3] &gt;= ARRAY[1,4,3]</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>t</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
> <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>||</TT
> </TD
><TD
>array-to-array concatenation</TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>ARRAY[1,2,3] || ARRAY[4,5,6]</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>{1,2,3,4,5,6}</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
> <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>||</TT
> </TD
><TD
>array-to-array concatenation</TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>ARRAY[1,2,3] || ARRAY[[4,5,6],[7,8,9]]</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>{{1,2,3},{4,5,6},{7,8,9}}</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
> <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>||</TT
> </TD
><TD
>element-to-array concatenation</TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>3 || ARRAY[4,5,6]</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>{3,4,5,6}</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
> <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>||</TT
> </TD
><TD
>array-to-element concatenation</TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>ARRAY[4,5,6] || 7</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>{4,5,6,7}</TT
></TD
></TR
></TBODY
></TABLE
></DIV
><P
>   See <A
HREF="arrays.html"
>Section 8.10</A
> for more details about array operator
   behavior.
  </P
><P
>   <A
HREF="functions-array.html#ARRAY-FUNCTIONS-TABLE"
>Table 9-36</A
> shows the functions
   available for use with array types. See <A
HREF="arrays.html"
>Section 8.10</A
>
   for more discussion and examples of the use of these functions.
  </P
><DIV
CLASS="TABLE"
><A
NAME="ARRAY-FUNCTIONS-TABLE"
></A
><P
><B
>Table 9-36. <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>array</TT
> Functions</B
></P
><TABLE
BORDER="1"
CLASS="CALSTABLE"
><COL><COL><COL><COL><COL><THEAD
><TR
><TH
>Function</TH
><TH
>Return Type</TH
><TH
>Description</TH
><TH
>Example</TH
><TH
>Result</TH
></TR
></THEAD
><TBODY
><TR
><TD
>     <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>      <CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>array_cat</CODE
>
      (<TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>anyarray</TT
>, <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>anyarray</TT
>)
     </TT
>
    </TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>anyarray</TT
></TD
><TD
>concatenate two arrays</TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>array_cat(ARRAY[1,2,3], ARRAY[4,5])</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>{1,2,3,4,5}</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>     <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>      <CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>array_append</CODE
>
      (<TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>anyarray</TT
>, <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>anyelement</TT
>)
     </TT
>
    </TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>anyarray</TT
></TD
><TD
>append an element to the end of an array</TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>array_append(ARRAY[1,2], 3)</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>{1,2,3}</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>     <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>      <CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>array_prepend</CODE
>
      (<TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>anyelement</TT
>, <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>anyarray</TT
>)
     </TT
>
    </TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>anyarray</TT
></TD
><TD
>append an element to the beginning of an array</TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>array_prepend(1, ARRAY[2,3])</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>{1,2,3}</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>     <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>      <CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>array_dims</CODE
>
      (<TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>anyarray</TT
>)
     </TT
>
    </TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>text</TT
></TD
><TD
>returns a text representation of array's dimensions</TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>array_dims(array[[1,2,3], [4,5,6]])</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>[1:2][1:3]</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>     <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>      <CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>array_lower</CODE
>
      (<TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>anyarray</TT
>, <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>integer</TT
>)
     </TT
>
    </TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>integer</TT
></TD
><TD
>returns lower bound of the requested array dimension</TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>array_lower(array_prepend(0, ARRAY[1,2,3]), 1)</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>0</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>     <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>      <CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>array_upper</CODE
>
      (<TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>anyarray</TT
>, <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>integer</TT
>)
     </TT
>
    </TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>integer</TT
></TD
><TD
>returns upper bound of the requested array dimension</TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>array_upper(ARRAY[1,2,3,4], 1)</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>4</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>     <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>      <CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>array_to_string</CODE
>
      (<TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>anyarray</TT
>, <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>text</TT
>)
     </TT
>
    </TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>text</TT
></TD
><TD
>concatenates array elements using provided delimiter</TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>array_to_string(array[1, 2, 3], '~^~')</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>1~^~2~^~3</TT
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>     <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>      <CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>string_to_array</CODE
>
      (<TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>text</TT
>, <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>text</TT
>)
     </TT
>
    </TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>text[]</TT
></TD
><TD
>splits string into array elements using provided delimiter</TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>string_to_array( 'xx~^~yy~^~zz', '~^~')</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>{xx,yy,zz}</TT
></TD
></TR
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