<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <HTML ><HEAD ><TITLE >String Functions and Operators</TITLE ><META NAME="GENERATOR" CONTENT="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.79"><LINK REV="MADE" HREF="mailto:pgsql-docs@postgresql.org"><LINK REL="HOME" TITLE="PostgreSQL 8.0.11 Documentation" HREF="index.html"><LINK REL="UP" TITLE="Functions and Operators" HREF="functions.html"><LINK REL="PREVIOUS" TITLE="Mathematical Functions and Operators" HREF="functions-math.html"><LINK REL="NEXT" TITLE="Binary String Functions and Operators" HREF="functions-binarystring.html"><LINK REL="STYLESHEET" TYPE="text/css" HREF="stylesheet.css"><META HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"><META NAME="creation" CONTENT="2007-02-02T03:57:22"></HEAD ><BODY CLASS="SECT1" ><DIV CLASS="NAVHEADER" ><TABLE SUMMARY="Header navigation table" WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ><TR ><TH COLSPAN="5" ALIGN="center" VALIGN="bottom" >PostgreSQL 8.0.11 Documentation</TH ></TR ><TR ><TD WIDTH="10%" ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top" ><A HREF="functions-math.html" ACCESSKEY="P" >Prev</A ></TD ><TD WIDTH="10%" ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top" ><A HREF="functions.html" >Fast Backward</A ></TD ><TD WIDTH="60%" ALIGN="center" VALIGN="bottom" >Chapter 9. Functions and Operators</TD ><TD WIDTH="10%" ALIGN="right" VALIGN="top" ><A HREF="functions.html" >Fast Forward</A ></TD ><TD WIDTH="10%" ALIGN="right" VALIGN="top" ><A HREF="functions-binarystring.html" ACCESSKEY="N" >Next</A ></TD ></TR ></TABLE ><HR ALIGN="LEFT" WIDTH="100%"></DIV ><DIV CLASS="SECT1" ><H1 CLASS="SECT1" ><A NAME="FUNCTIONS-STRING" >9.4. String Functions and Operators</A ></H1 ><P > This section describes functions and operators for examining and manipulating string values. Strings in this context include values of all the types <TT CLASS="TYPE" >character</TT >, <TT CLASS="TYPE" >character varying</TT >, and <TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT >. Unless otherwise noted, all of the functions listed below work on all of these types, but be wary of potential effects of the automatic padding when using the <TT CLASS="TYPE" >character</TT > type. Generally, the functions described here also work on data of non-string types by converting that data to a string representation first. Some functions also exist natively for the bit-string types. </P ><P > <ACRONYM CLASS="ACRONYM" >SQL</ACRONYM > defines some string functions with a special syntax where certain key words rather than commas are used to separate the arguments. Details are in <A HREF="functions-string.html#FUNCTIONS-STRING-SQL" >Table 9-5</A >. These functions are also implemented using the regular syntax for function invocation. (See <A HREF="functions-string.html#FUNCTIONS-STRING-OTHER" >Table 9-6</A >.) </P ><DIV CLASS="TABLE" ><A NAME="FUNCTIONS-STRING-SQL" ></A ><P ><B >Table 9-5. <ACRONYM CLASS="ACRONYM" >SQL</ACRONYM > String Functions and Operators</B ></P ><TABLE BORDER="1" CLASS="CALSTABLE" ><COL><COL><COL><COL><COL><THEAD ><TR ><TH >Function</TH ><TH >Return Type</TH ><TH >Description</TH ><TH >Example</TH ><TH >Result</TH ></TR ></THEAD ><TBODY ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT > <TT CLASS="LITERAL" >||</TT > <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT ></TT ></TD ><TD > <TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT > </TD ><TD > String concatenation <A NAME="AEN6718" ></A > </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >'Post' || 'greSQL'</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >PostgreSQL</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >bit_length</CODE >(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT >)</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >integer</TT ></TD ><TD >Number of bits in string</TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >bit_length('jose')</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >32</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >char_length</CODE >(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT >)</TT > or <TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >character_length</CODE >(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT >)</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >integer</TT ></TD ><TD > Number of characters in string <A NAME="AEN6748" ></A > <A NAME="AEN6751" ></A > </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >char_length('jose')</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >4</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >convert</CODE >(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT > using <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >conversion_name</TT >)</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT ></TD ><TD > Change encoding using specified conversion name. Conversions can be defined by <TT CLASS="COMMAND" >CREATE CONVERSION</TT >. Also there are some pre-defined conversion names. See <A HREF="functions-string.html#CONVERSION-NAMES" >Table 9-7</A > for available conversion names. </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >convert('PostgreSQL' using iso_8859_1_to_utf_8)</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >'PostgreSQL'</TT > in Unicode (UTF-8) encoding</TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >lower</CODE >(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT >)</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT ></TD ><TD >Convert string to lower case</TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >lower('TOM')</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >tom</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >octet_length</CODE >(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT >)</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >integer</TT ></TD ><TD >Number of bytes in string</TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >octet_length('jose')</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >4</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >overlay</CODE >(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT > placing <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT > from <TT CLASS="TYPE" >integer</TT > [<SPAN CLASS="OPTIONAL" >for <TT CLASS="TYPE" >integer</TT ></SPAN >])</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT ></TD ><TD > Replace substring <A NAME="AEN6810" ></A > </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >overlay('Txxxxas' placing 'hom' from 2 for 4)</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >Thomas</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >position</CODE >(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >substring</TT > in <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT >)</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >integer</TT ></TD ><TD >Location of specified substring</TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >position('om' in 'Thomas')</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >3</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >substring</CODE >(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT > [<SPAN CLASS="OPTIONAL" >from <TT CLASS="TYPE" >integer</TT ></SPAN >] [<SPAN CLASS="OPTIONAL" >for <TT CLASS="TYPE" >integer</TT ></SPAN >])</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT ></TD ><TD > Extract substring <A NAME="AEN6841" ></A > </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >substring('Thomas' from 2 for 3)</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >hom</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >substring</CODE >(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT > from <TT CLASS="REPLACEABLE" ><I >pattern</I ></TT >)</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT ></TD ><TD > Extract substring matching POSIX regular expression <A NAME="AEN6856" ></A > </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >substring('Thomas' from '...$')</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >mas</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >substring</CODE >(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT > from <TT CLASS="REPLACEABLE" ><I >pattern</I ></TT > for <TT CLASS="REPLACEABLE" ><I >escape</I ></TT >)</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT ></TD ><TD > Extract substring matching <ACRONYM CLASS="ACRONYM" >SQL</ACRONYM > regular expression <A NAME="AEN6873" ></A > </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >substring('Thomas' from '%#"o_a#"_' for '#')</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >oma</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD > <TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >trim</CODE >([<SPAN CLASS="OPTIONAL" >leading | trailing | both</SPAN >] [<SPAN CLASS="OPTIONAL" ><TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >characters</TT ></SPAN >] from <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT >)</TT > </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT ></TD ><TD > Remove the longest string containing only the <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >characters</TT > (a space by default) from the start/end/both ends of the <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT >. </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >trim(both 'x' from 'xTomxx')</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >Tom</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >upper</CODE >(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT >)</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT ></TD ><TD >Convert string to uppercase</TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >upper('tom')</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >TOM</TT ></TD ></TR ></TBODY ></TABLE ></DIV ><P > Additional string manipulation functions are available and are listed in <A HREF="functions-string.html#FUNCTIONS-STRING-OTHER" >Table 9-6</A >. Some of them are used internally to implement the <ACRONYM CLASS="ACRONYM" >SQL</ACRONYM >-standard string functions listed in <A HREF="functions-string.html#FUNCTIONS-STRING-SQL" >Table 9-5</A >. </P ><DIV CLASS="TABLE" ><A NAME="FUNCTIONS-STRING-OTHER" ></A ><P ><B >Table 9-6. Other String Functions</B ></P ><TABLE BORDER="1" CLASS="CALSTABLE" ><COL><COL><COL><COL><COL><THEAD ><TR ><TH >Function</TH ><TH >Return Type</TH ><TH >Description</TH ><TH >Example</TH ><TH >Result</TH ></TR ></THEAD ><TBODY ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >ascii</CODE >(<TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT >)</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >integer</TT ></TD ><TD ><ACRONYM CLASS="ACRONYM" >ASCII</ACRONYM > code of the first character of the argument</TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >ascii('x')</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >120</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >btrim</CODE >(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT > <TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT > [<SPAN CLASS="OPTIONAL" >, <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >characters</TT > <TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT ></SPAN >])</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT ></TD ><TD > Remove the longest string consisting only of characters in <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >characters</TT > (a space by default) from the start and end of <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT >. </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >btrim('xyxtrimyyx', 'xy')</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >trim</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >chr</CODE >(<TT CLASS="TYPE" >integer</TT >)</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT ></TD ><TD >Character with the given <ACRONYM CLASS="ACRONYM" >ASCII</ACRONYM > code</TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >chr(65)</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >A</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD > <TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >convert</CODE >(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT > <TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT >, [<SPAN CLASS="OPTIONAL" ><TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >src_encoding</TT > <TT CLASS="TYPE" >name</TT >,</SPAN >] <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >dest_encoding</TT > <TT CLASS="TYPE" >name</TT >)</TT > </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT ></TD ><TD > Convert string to <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >dest_encoding</TT >. The original encoding is specified by <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >src_encoding</TT >. If <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >src_encoding</TT > is omitted, database encoding is assumed. </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >convert( 'text_in_unicode', 'UNICODE', 'LATIN1')</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >text_in_unicode</TT > represented in ISO 8859-1 encoding</TD ></TR ><TR ><TD > <TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >decode</CODE >(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT > <TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT >, <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >type</TT > <TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT >)</TT > </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >bytea</TT ></TD ><TD > Decode binary data from <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT > previously encoded with <CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >encode</CODE >. Parameter type is same as in <CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >encode</CODE >. </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >decode('MTIzAAE=', 'base64')</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >123\000\001</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD > <TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >encode</CODE >(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >data</TT > <TT CLASS="TYPE" >bytea</TT >, <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >type</TT > <TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT >)</TT > </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT ></TD ><TD > Encode binary data to <ACRONYM CLASS="ACRONYM" >ASCII</ACRONYM >-only representation. Supported types are: <TT CLASS="LITERAL" >base64</TT >, <TT CLASS="LITERAL" >hex</TT >, <TT CLASS="LITERAL" >escape</TT >. </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >encode( '123\\000\\001', 'base64')</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >MTIzAAE=</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >initcap</CODE >(<TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT >)</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT ></TD ><TD > Convert the first letter of each word to uppercase and the rest to lowercase. Words are sequences of alphanumeric characters separated by non-alphanumeric characters. </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >initcap('hi THOMAS')</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >Hi Thomas</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >length</CODE >(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT > <TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT >)</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >integer</TT ></TD ><TD > Number of characters in <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT >. <A NAME="AEN7047" ></A > <A NAME="AEN7050" ></A > </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >length('jose')</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >4</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD > <TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >lpad</CODE >(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT > <TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT >, <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >length</TT > <TT CLASS="TYPE" >integer</TT > [<SPAN CLASS="OPTIONAL" >, <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >fill</TT > <TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT ></SPAN >])</TT > </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT ></TD ><TD > Fill up the <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT > to length <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >length</TT > by prepending the characters <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >fill</TT > (a space by default). If the <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT > is already longer than <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >length</TT > then it is truncated (on the right). </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >lpad('hi', 5, 'xy')</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >xyxhi</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >ltrim</CODE >(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT > <TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT > [<SPAN CLASS="OPTIONAL" >, <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >characters</TT > <TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT ></SPAN >])</TT > </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT ></TD ><TD > Remove the longest string containing only characters from <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >characters</TT > (a space by default) from the start of <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT >. </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >ltrim('zzzytrim', 'xyz')</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >trim</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >md5</CODE >(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT > <TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT >)</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT ></TD ><TD > Calculates the MD5 hash of <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT >, returning the result in hexadecimal. </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >md5('abc')</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >900150983cd24fb0 d6963f7d28e17f72</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >pg_client_encoding</CODE >()</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >name</TT ></TD ><TD > Current client encoding name </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >pg_client_encoding()</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >SQL_ASCII</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >quote_ident</CODE >(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT > text)</TT ><A NAME="AEN7129" ></A ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT ></TD ><TD > Return the given string suitably quoted to be used as an identifier in an <ACRONYM CLASS="ACRONYM" >SQL</ACRONYM > statement string. Quotes are added only if necessary (i.e., if the string contains non-identifier characters or would be case-folded). Embedded quotes are properly doubled. </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >quote_ident('Foo bar')</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >"Foo bar"</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >quote_literal</CODE >(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT > text)</TT ><A NAME="AEN7144" ></A ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT ></TD ><TD > Return the given string suitably quoted to be used as a string literal in an <ACRONYM CLASS="ACRONYM" >SQL</ACRONYM > statement string. Embedded quotes and backslashes are properly doubled. </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >quote_literal( 'O\'Reilly')</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >'O''Reilly'</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >repeat</CODE >(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT > <TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT >, <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >number</TT > <TT CLASS="TYPE" >integer</TT >)</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT ></TD ><TD >Repeat <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT > the specified <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >number</TT > of times</TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >repeat('Pg', 4)</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >PgPgPgPg</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >replace</CODE >(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT > <TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT >, <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >from</TT > <TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT >, <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >to</TT > <TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT >)</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT ></TD ><TD >Replace all occurrences in <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT > of substring <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >from</TT > with substring <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >to</TT >. </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >replace( 'abcdefabcdef', 'cd', 'XX')</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >abXXefabXXef</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD > <TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >rpad</CODE >(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT > <TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT >, <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >length</TT > <TT CLASS="TYPE" >integer</TT > [<SPAN CLASS="OPTIONAL" >, <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >fill</TT > <TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT ></SPAN >])</TT > </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT ></TD ><TD > Fill up the <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT > to length <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >length</TT > by appending the characters <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >fill</TT > (a space by default). If the <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT > is already longer than <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >length</TT > then it is truncated. </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >rpad('hi', 5, 'xy')</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >hixyx</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >rtrim</CODE >(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT > <TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT > [<SPAN CLASS="OPTIONAL" >, <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >characters</TT > <TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT ></SPAN >])</TT > </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT ></TD ><TD > Remove the longest string containing only characters from <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >characters</TT > (a space by default) from the end of <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT >. </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >rtrim('trimxxxx', 'x')</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >trim</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >split_part</CODE >(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT > <TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT >, <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >delimiter</TT > <TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT >, <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >field</TT > <TT CLASS="TYPE" >integer</TT >)</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT ></TD ><TD >Split <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT > on <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >delimiter</TT > and return the given field (counting from one) </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >split_part( 'abc~@~def~@~ghi', '~@~', 2)</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >def</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >strpos</CODE >(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT >, <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >substring</TT >)</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >int</TT ></TD ><TD > Location of specified substring (same as <TT CLASS="LITERAL" >position(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >substring</TT > in <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT >)</TT >, but note the reversed argument order) </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >strpos('high', 'ig')</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >2</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >substr</CODE >(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT >, <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >from</TT > [<SPAN CLASS="OPTIONAL" >, <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >count</TT ></SPAN >])</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT ></TD ><TD > Extract substring (same as <TT CLASS="LITERAL" >substring(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT > from <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >from</TT > for <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >count</TT >)</TT >) </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >substr('alphabet', 3, 2)</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >ph</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >to_ascii</CODE >(<TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT > [<SPAN CLASS="OPTIONAL" >, <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >encoding</TT ></SPAN >])</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT ></TD ><TD > Convert <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >text</TT > to <ACRONYM CLASS="ACRONYM" >ASCII</ACRONYM > from another encoding <A NAME="AEN7298" HREF="#FTN.AEN7298" ><SPAN CLASS="footnote" >[a]</SPAN ></A > </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >to_ascii('Karel')</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >Karel</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >to_hex</CODE >(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >number</TT > <TT CLASS="TYPE" >integer</TT > or <TT CLASS="TYPE" >bigint</TT >)</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT ></TD ><TD >Convert <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >number</TT > to its equivalent hexadecimal representation </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >to_hex(2147483647)</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >7fffffff</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD > <TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >translate</CODE >(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT > <TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT >, <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >from</TT > <TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT >, <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >to</TT > <TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT >)</TT > </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT ></TD ><TD > Any character in <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT > that matches a character in the <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >from</TT > set is replaced by the corresponding character in the <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >to</TT > set. </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >translate('12345', '14', 'ax')</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >a23x5</TT ></TD ></TR ></TBODY ><TR ><TD COLSPAN="5" >Notes:<BR><A NAME="FTN.AEN7298" >a. </A > The <CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >to_ascii</CODE > function supports conversion from <TT CLASS="LITERAL" >LATIN1</TT >, <TT CLASS="LITERAL" >LATIN2</TT >, <TT CLASS="LITERAL" >LATIN9</TT >, and <TT CLASS="LITERAL" >WIN1250</TT > encodings only. <BR></TD ></TR ></TABLE ></DIV ><DIV CLASS="TABLE" ><A NAME="CONVERSION-NAMES" ></A ><P ><B >Table 9-7. Built-in Conversions</B ></P ><TABLE BORDER="1" CLASS="CALSTABLE" ><COL><COL><COL><THEAD ><TR ><TH >Conversion Name <A NAME="AEN7350" HREF="#FTN.AEN7350" ><SPAN CLASS="footnote" >[a]</SPAN ></A > </TH ><TH >Source Encoding</TH ><TH >Destination Encoding</TH ></TR ></THEAD ><TBODY ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >ascii_to_mic</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >SQL_ASCII</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >MULE_INTERNAL</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >ascii_to_utf_8</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >SQL_ASCII</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UNICODE</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >big5_to_euc_tw</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >BIG5</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >EUC_TW</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >big5_to_mic</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >BIG5</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >MULE_INTERNAL</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >big5_to_utf_8</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >BIG5</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UNICODE</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >euc_cn_to_mic</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >EUC_CN</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >MULE_INTERNAL</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >euc_cn_to_utf_8</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >EUC_CN</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UNICODE</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >euc_jp_to_mic</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >EUC_JP</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >MULE_INTERNAL</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >euc_jp_to_sjis</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >EUC_JP</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >SJIS</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >euc_jp_to_utf_8</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >EUC_JP</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UNICODE</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >euc_kr_to_mic</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >EUC_KR</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >MULE_INTERNAL</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >euc_kr_to_utf_8</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >EUC_KR</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UNICODE</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >euc_tw_to_big5</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >EUC_TW</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >BIG5</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >euc_tw_to_mic</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >EUC_TW</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >MULE_INTERNAL</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >euc_tw_to_utf_8</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >EUC_TW</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UNICODE</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >gb18030_to_utf_8</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >GB18030</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UNICODE</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >gbk_to_utf_8</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >GBK</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UNICODE</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >iso_8859_10_to_utf_8</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >LATIN6</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UNICODE</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >iso_8859_13_to_utf_8</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >LATIN7</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UNICODE</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >iso_8859_14_to_utf_8</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >LATIN8</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UNICODE</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >iso_8859_15_to_utf_8</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >LATIN9</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UNICODE</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >iso_8859_16_to_utf_8</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >LATIN10</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UNICODE</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >iso_8859_1_to_mic</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >LATIN1</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >MULE_INTERNAL</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >iso_8859_1_to_utf_8</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >LATIN1</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UNICODE</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >iso_8859_2_to_mic</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >LATIN2</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >MULE_INTERNAL</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >iso_8859_2_to_utf_8</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >LATIN2</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UNICODE</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >iso_8859_2_to_windows_1250</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >LATIN2</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >WIN1250</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >iso_8859_3_to_mic</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >LATIN3</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >MULE_INTERNAL</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >iso_8859_3_to_utf_8</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >LATIN3</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UNICODE</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >iso_8859_4_to_mic</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >LATIN4</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >MULE_INTERNAL</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >iso_8859_4_to_utf_8</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >LATIN4</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UNICODE</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >iso_8859_5_to_koi8_r</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >ISO_8859_5</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >KOI8</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >iso_8859_5_to_mic</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >ISO_8859_5</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >MULE_INTERNAL</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >iso_8859_5_to_utf_8</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >ISO_8859_5</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UNICODE</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >iso_8859_5_to_windows_1251</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >ISO_8859_5</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >WIN</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >iso_8859_5_to_windows_866</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >ISO_8859_5</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >ALT</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >iso_8859_6_to_utf_8</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >ISO_8859_6</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UNICODE</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >iso_8859_7_to_utf_8</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >ISO_8859_7</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UNICODE</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >iso_8859_8_to_utf_8</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >ISO_8859_8</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UNICODE</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >iso_8859_9_to_utf_8</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >LATIN5</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UNICODE</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >johab_to_utf_8</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >JOHAB</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UNICODE</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >koi8_r_to_iso_8859_5</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >KOI8</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >ISO_8859_5</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >koi8_r_to_mic</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >KOI8</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >MULE_INTERNAL</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >koi8_r_to_utf_8</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >KOI8</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UNICODE</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >koi8_r_to_windows_1251</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >KOI8</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >WIN</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >koi8_r_to_windows_866</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >KOI8</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >ALT</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >mic_to_ascii</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >MULE_INTERNAL</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >SQL_ASCII</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >mic_to_big5</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >MULE_INTERNAL</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >BIG5</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >mic_to_euc_cn</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >MULE_INTERNAL</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >EUC_CN</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >mic_to_euc_jp</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >MULE_INTERNAL</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >EUC_JP</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >mic_to_euc_kr</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >MULE_INTERNAL</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >EUC_KR</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >mic_to_euc_tw</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >MULE_INTERNAL</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >EUC_TW</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >mic_to_iso_8859_1</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >MULE_INTERNAL</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >LATIN1</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >mic_to_iso_8859_2</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >MULE_INTERNAL</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >LATIN2</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >mic_to_iso_8859_3</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >MULE_INTERNAL</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >LATIN3</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >mic_to_iso_8859_4</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >MULE_INTERNAL</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >LATIN4</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >mic_to_iso_8859_5</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >MULE_INTERNAL</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >ISO_8859_5</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >mic_to_koi8_r</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >MULE_INTERNAL</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >KOI8</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >mic_to_sjis</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >MULE_INTERNAL</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >SJIS</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >mic_to_windows_1250</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >MULE_INTERNAL</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >WIN1250</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >mic_to_windows_1251</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >MULE_INTERNAL</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >WIN</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >mic_to_windows_866</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >MULE_INTERNAL</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >ALT</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >sjis_to_euc_jp</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >SJIS</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >EUC_JP</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >sjis_to_mic</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >SJIS</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >MULE_INTERNAL</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >sjis_to_utf_8</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >SJIS</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UNICODE</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >tcvn_to_utf_8</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >TCVN</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UNICODE</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >uhc_to_utf_8</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UHC</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UNICODE</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >utf_8_to_ascii</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UNICODE</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >SQL_ASCII</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >utf_8_to_big5</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UNICODE</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >BIG5</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >utf_8_to_euc_cn</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UNICODE</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >EUC_CN</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >utf_8_to_euc_jp</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UNICODE</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >EUC_JP</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >utf_8_to_euc_kr</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UNICODE</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >EUC_KR</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >utf_8_to_euc_tw</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UNICODE</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >EUC_TW</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >utf_8_to_gb18030</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UNICODE</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >GB18030</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >utf_8_to_gbk</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UNICODE</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >GBK</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >utf_8_to_iso_8859_1</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UNICODE</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >LATIN1</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >utf_8_to_iso_8859_10</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UNICODE</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >LATIN6</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >utf_8_to_iso_8859_13</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UNICODE</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >LATIN7</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >utf_8_to_iso_8859_14</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UNICODE</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >LATIN8</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >utf_8_to_iso_8859_15</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UNICODE</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >LATIN9</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >utf_8_to_iso_8859_16</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UNICODE</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >LATIN10</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >utf_8_to_iso_8859_2</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UNICODE</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >LATIN2</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >utf_8_to_iso_8859_3</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UNICODE</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >LATIN3</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >utf_8_to_iso_8859_4</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UNICODE</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >LATIN4</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >utf_8_to_iso_8859_5</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UNICODE</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >ISO_8859_5</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >utf_8_to_iso_8859_6</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UNICODE</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >ISO_8859_6</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >utf_8_to_iso_8859_7</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UNICODE</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >ISO_8859_7</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >utf_8_to_iso_8859_8</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UNICODE</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >ISO_8859_8</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >utf_8_to_iso_8859_9</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UNICODE</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >LATIN5</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >utf_8_to_johab</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UNICODE</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >JOHAB</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >utf_8_to_koi8_r</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UNICODE</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >KOI8</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >utf_8_to_sjis</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UNICODE</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >SJIS</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >utf_8_to_tcvn</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UNICODE</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >TCVN</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >utf_8_to_uhc</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UNICODE</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UHC</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >utf_8_to_windows_1250</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UNICODE</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >WIN1250</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >utf_8_to_windows_1251</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UNICODE</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >WIN</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >utf_8_to_windows_1256</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UNICODE</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >WIN1256</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >utf_8_to_windows_866</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UNICODE</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >ALT</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >utf_8_to_windows_874</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UNICODE</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >WIN874</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >windows_1250_to_iso_8859_2</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >WIN1250</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >LATIN2</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >windows_1250_to_mic</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >WIN1250</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >MULE_INTERNAL</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >windows_1250_to_utf_8</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >WIN1250</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UNICODE</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >windows_1251_to_iso_8859_5</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >WIN</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >ISO_8859_5</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >windows_1251_to_koi8_r</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >WIN</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >KOI8</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >windows_1251_to_mic</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >WIN</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >MULE_INTERNAL</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >windows_1251_to_utf_8</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >WIN</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UNICODE</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >windows_1251_to_windows_866</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >WIN</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >ALT</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >windows_1256_to_utf_8</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >WIN1256</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UNICODE</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >windows_866_to_iso_8859_5</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >ALT</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >ISO_8859_5</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >windows_866_to_koi8_r</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >ALT</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >KOI8</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >windows_866_to_mic</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >ALT</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >MULE_INTERNAL</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >windows_866_to_utf_8</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >ALT</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UNICODE</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >windows_866_to_windows_1251</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >ALT</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >WIN</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >windows_874_to_utf_8</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >WIN874</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UNICODE</TT ></TD ></TR ></TBODY ><TR ><TD COLSPAN="3" >Notes:<BR><A NAME="FTN.AEN7350" >a. </A > The conversion names follow a standard naming scheme: The official name of the source encoding with all non-alphanumeric characters replaced by underscores followed by <TT CLASS="LITERAL" >_to_</TT > followed by the equally processed destination encoding name. Therefore the names might deviate from the customary encoding names. <BR></TD ></TR ></TABLE ></DIV ></DIV ><DIV CLASS="NAVFOOTER" ><HR ALIGN="LEFT" WIDTH="100%"><TABLE SUMMARY="Footer navigation table" WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ><TR ><TD WIDTH="33%" ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top" ><A HREF="functions-math.html" ACCESSKEY="P" >Prev</A ></TD ><TD WIDTH="34%" ALIGN="center" VALIGN="top" ><A HREF="index.html" ACCESSKEY="H" >Home</A ></TD ><TD WIDTH="33%" ALIGN="right" VALIGN="top" ><A HREF="functions-binarystring.html" ACCESSKEY="N" >Next</A ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD WIDTH="33%" ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top" >Mathematical Functions and Operators</TD ><TD WIDTH="34%" ALIGN="center" VALIGN="top" ><A HREF="functions.html" ACCESSKEY="U" >Up</A ></TD ><TD WIDTH="33%" ALIGN="right" VALIGN="top" >Binary String Functions and Operators</TD ></TR ></TABLE ></DIV ></BODY ></HTML >