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><H1
><A
NAME="SQL-REVOKE"
></A
>REVOKE</H1
><DIV
CLASS="REFNAMEDIV"
><A
NAME="AEN44301"
></A
><H2
>Name</H2
>REVOKE -- remove access privileges</DIV
><A
NAME="AEN44304"
></A
><DIV
CLASS="REFSYNOPSISDIV"
><A
NAME="AEN44306"
></A
><H2
>Synopsis</H2
><PRE
CLASS="SYNOPSIS"
>REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ { SELECT | INSERT | UPDATE | DELETE | RULE | REFERENCES | TRIGGER }
[,...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON [ TABLE ] <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>tablename</I
></TT
> [, ...]
FROM { <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>username</I
></TT
> | GROUP <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>groupname</I
></TT
> | PUBLIC } [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ { CREATE | TEMPORARY | TEMP } [,...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON DATABASE <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>dbname</I
></TT
> [, ...]
FROM { <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>username</I
></TT
> | GROUP <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>groupname</I
></TT
> | PUBLIC } [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ EXECUTE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON FUNCTION <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>funcname</I
></TT
> ([<TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>type</I
></TT
>, ...]) [, ...]
FROM { <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>username</I
></TT
> | GROUP <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>groupname</I
></TT
> | PUBLIC } [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ USAGE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON LANGUAGE <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>langname</I
></TT
> [, ...]
FROM { <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>username</I
></TT
> | GROUP <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>groupname</I
></TT
> | PUBLIC } [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ { CREATE | USAGE } [,...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON SCHEMA <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>schemaname</I
></TT
> [, ...]
FROM { <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>username</I
></TT
> | GROUP <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>groupname</I
></TT
> | PUBLIC } [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ CREATE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON TABLESPACE <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>tablespacename</I
></TT
> [, ...]
FROM { <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>username</I
></TT
> | GROUP <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>groupname</I
></TT
> | PUBLIC } [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]</PRE
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="REFSECT1"
><A
NAME="SQL-REVOKE-DESCRIPTION"
></A
><H2
>Description</H2
><P
> The <TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>REVOKE</TT
> command revokes previously granted
privileges from one or more users or groups of users. The key word
<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>PUBLIC</TT
> refers to the implicitly defined group of
all users.
</P
><P
> See the description of the <A
HREF="sql-grant.html"
><I
>GRANT</I
></A
> command for
the meaning of the privilege types.
</P
><P
> Note that any particular user will have the sum
of privileges granted directly to him, privileges granted to any group he
is presently a member of, and privileges granted to
<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>PUBLIC</TT
>. Thus, for example, revoking <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>SELECT</TT
> privilege
from <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>PUBLIC</TT
> does not necessarily mean that all users
have lost <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>SELECT</TT
> privilege on the object: those who have it granted
directly or via a group will still have it.
</P
><P
> If <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>GRANT OPTION FOR</TT
> is specified, only the grant
option for the privilege is revoked, not the privilege itself.
Otherwise, both the privilege and the grant option are revoked.
</P
><P
> If a user holds a privilege with grant option and has granted it to
other users then the privileges held by those other users are
called dependent privileges. If the privilege or the grant option
held by the first user is being revoked and dependent privileges
exist, those dependent privileges are also revoked if
<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>CASCADE</TT
> is specified, else the revoke action
will fail. This recursive revocation only affects privileges that
were granted through a chain of users that is traceable to the user
that is the subject of this <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>REVOKE</TT
> command.
Thus, the affected users may effectively keep the privilege if it
was also granted through other users.
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="REFSECT1"
><A
NAME="SQL-REVOKE-NOTES"
></A
><H2
>Notes</H2
><P
> Use <A
HREF="app-psql.html"
><SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>psql</SPAN
></A
>'s <TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>\z</TT
> command to
display the privileges granted on existing objects. See <A
HREF="sql-grant.html"
><I
>GRANT</I
></A
> for information about the format.
</P
><P
> A user can only revoke privileges that were granted directly by
that user. If, for example, user A has granted a privilege with
grant option to user B, and user B has in turned granted it to user
C, then user A cannot revoke the privilege directly from C.
Instead, user A could revoke the grant option from user B and use
the <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>CASCADE</TT
> option so that the privilege is
in turn revoked from user C. For another example, if both A and B
have granted the same privilege to C, A can revoke his own grant
but not B's grant, so C will still effectively have the privilege.
</P
><P
> When a non-owner of an object attempts to <TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>REVOKE</TT
> privileges
on the object, the command will fail outright if the user has no
privileges whatsoever on the object. As long as some privilege is
available, the command will proceed, but it will revoke only those
privileges for which the user has grant options. The <TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>REVOKE ALL
PRIVILEGES</TT
> forms will issue a warning message if no grant options are
held, while the other forms will issue a warning if grant options for
any of the privileges specifically named in the command are not held.
(In principle these statements apply to the object owner as well, but
since the owner is always treated as holding all grant options, the
cases can never occur.)
</P
><P
> If a superuser chooses to issue a <TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>GRANT</TT
> or <TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>REVOKE</TT
>
command, the command is performed as though it were issued by the
owner of the affected object. Since all privileges ultimately come
from the object owner (possibly indirectly via chains of grant options),
it is possible for a superuser to revoke all privileges, but this may
require use of <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>CASCADE</TT
> as stated above.
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="REFSECT1"
><A
NAME="SQL-REVOKE-EXAMPLES"
></A
><H2
>Examples</H2
><P
> Revoke insert privilege for the public on table
<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>films</TT
>:
</P><PRE
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
>REVOKE INSERT ON films FROM PUBLIC;</PRE
><P>
</P
><P
> Revoke all privileges from user <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>manuel</TT
> on view
<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>kinds</TT
>:
</P><PRE
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
>REVOKE ALL PRIVILEGES ON kinds FROM manuel;</PRE
><P>
Note that this actually means <SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"revoke all privileges that I
granted"</SPAN
>.
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="REFSECT1"
><A
NAME="SQL-REVOKE-COMPATIBILITY"
></A
><H2
>Compatibility</H2
><P
> The compatibility notes of the <A
HREF="sql-grant.html"
><I
>GRANT</I
></A
> command
apply analogously to <TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>REVOKE</TT
>. The syntax summary is:
</P><PRE
CLASS="SYNOPSIS"
>REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ] <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>privileges</I
></TT
>
ON <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>object</I
></TT
> [ ( <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>column</I
></TT
> [, ...] ) ]
FROM { PUBLIC | <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>username</I
></TT
> [, ...] }
{ RESTRICT | CASCADE }</PRE
><P>
One of <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>RESTRICT</TT
> or <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>CASCADE</TT
>
is required according to the standard, but <SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>PostgreSQL</SPAN
>
assumes <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>RESTRICT</TT
> by default.
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="REFSECT1"
><A
NAME="AEN44383"
></A
><H2
>See Also</H2
><P
> <A
HREF="sql-grant.html"
><I
>GRANT</I
></A
>
</P
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