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It is normally used to convert names to IP addresses and vice versa. When no arguments or options are given, <B CLASS="COMMAND" >host</B > prints a short summary of its command line arguments and options.</P ><P ><VAR CLASS="PARAMETER" >name</VAR > is the domain name that is to be looked up. It can also be a dotted-decimal IPv4 address or a colon-delimited IPv6 address, in which case <B CLASS="COMMAND" >host</B > will by default perform a reverse lookup for that address. <VAR CLASS="PARAMETER" >server</VAR > is an optional argument which is either the name or IP address of the name server that <B CLASS="COMMAND" >host</B > should query instead of the server or servers listed in <TT CLASS="FILENAME" >/etc/resolv.conf</TT >.</P ><P >The <VAR CLASS="OPTION" >-a</VAR > (all) option is equivalent to setting the <VAR CLASS="OPTION" >-v</VAR > option and asking <B CLASS="COMMAND" >host</B > to make a query of type ANY.</P ><P >When the <VAR CLASS="OPTION" >-C</VAR > option is used, <B CLASS="COMMAND" >host</B > will attempt to display the SOA records for zone <VAR CLASS="PARAMETER" >name</VAR > from all the listed authoritative name servers for that zone. The list of name servers is defined by the NS records that are found for the zone.</P ><P >The <VAR CLASS="OPTION" >-c</VAR > option instructs to make a DNS query of class <VAR CLASS="PARAMETER" >class</VAR >. This can be used to lookup Hesiod or Chaosnet class resource records. The default class is IN (Internet).</P ><P >Verbose output is generated by <B CLASS="COMMAND" >host</B > when the <VAR CLASS="OPTION" >-d</VAR > or <VAR CLASS="OPTION" >-v</VAR > option is used. The two options are equivalent. They have been provided for backwards compatibility. In previous versions, the <VAR CLASS="OPTION" >-d</VAR > option switched on debugging traces and <VAR CLASS="OPTION" >-v</VAR > enabled verbose output.</P ><P >List mode is selected by the <VAR CLASS="OPTION" >-l</VAR > option. This makes <B CLASS="COMMAND" >host</B > perform a zone transfer for zone <VAR CLASS="PARAMETER" >name</VAR >. Transfer the zone printing out the NS, PTR and address records (A/AAAA). If combined with <VAR CLASS="OPTION" >-a</VAR > all records will be printed. </P ><P >The <VAR CLASS="OPTION" >-i</VAR > option specifies that reverse lookups of IPv6 addresses should use the IP6.INT domain as defined in RFC1886. The default is to use IP6.ARPA.</P ><P >The <VAR CLASS="OPTION" >-N</VAR > option sets the number of dots that have to be in <VAR CLASS="PARAMETER" >name</VAR > for it to be considered absolute. The default value is that defined using the ndots statement in <TT CLASS="FILENAME" >/etc/resolv.conf</TT >, or 1 if no ndots statement is present. Names with fewer dots are interpreted as relative names and will be searched for in the domains listed in the <SPAN CLASS="TYPE" >search</SPAN > or <SPAN CLASS="TYPE" >domain</SPAN > directive in <TT CLASS="FILENAME" >/etc/resolv.conf</TT >.</P ><P >The number of UDP retries for a lookup can be changed with the <VAR CLASS="OPTION" >-R</VAR > option. <VAR CLASS="PARAMETER" >number</VAR > indicates how many times <B CLASS="COMMAND" >host</B > will repeat a query that does not get answered. The default number of retries is 1. If <VAR CLASS="PARAMETER" >number</VAR > is negative or zero, the number of retries will default to 1.</P ><P >Non-recursive queries can be made via the <VAR CLASS="OPTION" >-r</VAR > option. Setting this option clears the <SPAN CLASS="TYPE" >RD</SPAN > — recursion desired — bit in the query which <B CLASS="COMMAND" >host</B > makes. This should mean that the name server receiving the query will not attempt to resolve <VAR CLASS="PARAMETER" >name</VAR >. The <VAR CLASS="OPTION" >-r</VAR > option enables <B CLASS="COMMAND" >host</B > to mimic the behaviour of a name server by making non-recursive queries and expecting to receive answers to those queries that are usually referrals to other name servers.</P ><P >By default <B CLASS="COMMAND" >host</B > uses UDP when making queries. The <VAR CLASS="OPTION" >-T</VAR > option makes it use a TCP connection when querying the name server. TCP will be automatically selected for queries that require it, such as zone transfer (AXFR) requests.</P ><P >The <VAR CLASS="OPTION" >-4</VAR > option forces <B CLASS="COMMAND" >host</B > to only use IPv4 query transport. The <VAR CLASS="OPTION" >-6</VAR > option forces <B CLASS="COMMAND" >host</B > to only use IPv6 query transport.</P ><P >The <VAR CLASS="OPTION" >-t</VAR > option is used to select the query type. <VAR CLASS="PARAMETER" >type</VAR > can be any recognised query type: CNAME, NS, SOA, SIG, KEY, AXFR, etc. When no query type is specified, <B CLASS="COMMAND" >host</B > automatically selects an appropriate query type. By default it looks for A records, but if the <VAR CLASS="OPTION" >-C</VAR > option was given, queries will be made for SOA records, and if <VAR CLASS="PARAMETER" >name</VAR > is a dotted-decimal IPv4 address or colon-delimited IPv6 address, <B CLASS="COMMAND" >host</B > will query for PTR records. If a query type of IXFR is chosen the starting serial number can be specified by appending an equal followed by the starting serial number (e.g. -t IXFR=12345678).</P ><P >The time to wait for a reply can be controlled through the <VAR CLASS="OPTION" >-W</VAR > and <VAR CLASS="OPTION" >-w</VAR > options. The <VAR CLASS="OPTION" >-W</VAR > option makes <B CLASS="COMMAND" >host</B > wait for <VAR CLASS="PARAMETER" >wait</VAR > seconds. If <VAR CLASS="PARAMETER" >wait</VAR > is less than one, the wait interval is set to one second. When the <VAR CLASS="OPTION" >-w</VAR > option is used, <B CLASS="COMMAND" >host</B > will effectively wait forever for a reply. The time to wait for a response will be set to the number of seconds given by the hardware's maximum value for an integer quantity.</P ></DIV ><DIV CLASS="REFSECT1" ><A NAME="AEN115" ></A ><H2 >FILES</H2 ><P ><TT CLASS="FILENAME" >/etc/resolv.conf</TT ></P ></DIV ><DIV CLASS="REFSECT1" ><A NAME="AEN119" ></A ><H2 >SEE ALSO</H2 ><P ><SPAN CLASS="CITEREFENTRY" ><SPAN CLASS="REFENTRYTITLE" >dig</SPAN >(1)</SPAN >, <SPAN CLASS="CITEREFENTRY" ><SPAN CLASS="REFENTRYTITLE" >named</SPAN >(8)</SPAN >.</P ></DIV ></BODY ></HTML >