<!--
- Copyright (C) 2004 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
- Copyright (C) 2000, 2001, 2003 Internet Software Consortium.
-
- Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
- purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
- copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
-
- THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND ISC DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH
- REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY
- AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL ISC BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT,
- INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM
- LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE
- OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR
- PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
-->
<!-- $Id: named.html,v 1.4.2.1.4.4 2004/08/22 23:38:59 marka Exp $ -->
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<HTML
><HEAD
><TITLE
>named</TITLE
><META
NAME="GENERATOR"
CONTENT="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.7"></HEAD
><BODY
CLASS="REFENTRY"
BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
TEXT="#000000"
LINK="#0000FF"
VLINK="#840084"
ALINK="#0000FF"
><H1
><A
NAME="AEN1"
></A
><SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>named</SPAN
></H1
><DIV
CLASS="REFNAMEDIV"
><A
NAME="AEN9"
></A
><H2
>Name</H2
><SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>named</SPAN
> -- Internet domain name server</DIV
><DIV
CLASS="REFSYNOPSISDIV"
><A
NAME="AEN13"
></A
><H2
>Synopsis</H2
><P
><B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>named</B
> [<VAR
CLASS="OPTION"
>-4</VAR
>] [<VAR
CLASS="OPTION"
>-6</VAR
>] [<VAR
CLASS="OPTION"
>-c <VAR
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
>config-file</VAR
></VAR
>] [<VAR
CLASS="OPTION"
>-d <VAR
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
>debug-level</VAR
></VAR
>] [<VAR
CLASS="OPTION"
>-f</VAR
>] [<VAR
CLASS="OPTION"
>-g</VAR
>] [<VAR
CLASS="OPTION"
>-n <VAR
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
>#cpus</VAR
></VAR
>] [<VAR
CLASS="OPTION"
>-p <VAR
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
>port</VAR
></VAR
>] [<VAR
CLASS="OPTION"
>-s</VAR
>] [<VAR
CLASS="OPTION"
>-t <VAR
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
>directory</VAR
></VAR
>] [<VAR
CLASS="OPTION"
>-u <VAR
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
>user</VAR
></VAR
>] [<VAR
CLASS="OPTION"
>-v</VAR
>] [<VAR
CLASS="OPTION"
>-x <VAR
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
>cache-file</VAR
></VAR
>]</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="REFSECT1"
><A
NAME="AEN49"
></A
><H2
>DESCRIPTION</H2
><P
> <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>named</B
> is a Domain Name System (DNS) server,
part of the BIND 9 distribution from ISC. For more
information on the DNS, see RFCs 1033, 1034, and 1035.
</P
><P
> When invoked without arguments, <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>named</B
> will
read the default configuration file
<TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/etc/named.conf</TT
>, read any initial
data, and listen for queries.
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="REFSECT1"
><A
NAME="AEN56"
></A
><H2
>OPTIONS</H2
><P
></P
><DIV
CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
><DL
><DT
>-4</DT
><DD
><P
> Use IPv4 only even if the host machine is capable of IPv6.
<VAR
CLASS="OPTION"
>-4</VAR
> and <VAR
CLASS="OPTION"
>-6</VAR
> are mutually
exclusive.
</P
></DD
><DT
>-6</DT
><DD
><P
> Use IPv6 only even if the host machine is capable of IPv4.
<VAR
CLASS="OPTION"
>-4</VAR
> and <VAR
CLASS="OPTION"
>-6</VAR
> are mutually
exclusive.
</P
></DD
><DT
>-c <VAR
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
>config-file</VAR
></DT
><DD
><P
> Use <VAR
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
>config-file</VAR
> as the
configuration file instead of the default,
<TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/etc/named.conf</TT
>. To
ensure that reloading the configuration file continues
to work after the server has changed its working
directory due to to a possible
<VAR
CLASS="OPTION"
>directory</VAR
> option in the configuration
file, <VAR
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
>config-file</VAR
> should be
an absolute pathname.
</P
></DD
><DT
>-d <VAR
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
>debug-level</VAR
></DT
><DD
><P
> Set the daemon's debug level to <VAR
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
>debug-level</VAR
>.
Debugging traces from <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>named</B
> become
more verbose as the debug level increases.
</P
></DD
><DT
>-f</DT
><DD
><P
> Run the server in the foreground (i.e. do not daemonize).
</P
></DD
><DT
>-g</DT
><DD
><P
> Run the server in the foreground and force all logging
to <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>stderr</TT
>.
</P
></DD
><DT
>-n <VAR
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
>#cpus</VAR
></DT
><DD
><P
> Create <VAR
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
>#cpus</VAR
> worker threads
to take advantage of multiple CPUs. If not specified,
<B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>named</B
> will try to determine the
number of CPUs present and create one thread per CPU.
If it is unable to determine the number of CPUs, a
single worker thread will be created.
</P
></DD
><DT
>-p <VAR
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
>port</VAR
></DT
><DD
><P
> Listen for queries on port <VAR
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
>port</VAR
>. If not
specified, the default is port 53.
</P
></DD
><DT
>-s</DT
><DD
><P
> Write memory usage statistics to <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>stdout</TT
> on exit.
</P
><DIV
CLASS="NOTE"
><BLOCKQUOTE
CLASS="NOTE"
><P
><B
>Note: </B
> This option is mainly of interest to BIND 9 developers
and may be removed or changed in a future release.
</P
></BLOCKQUOTE
></DIV
></DD
><DT
>-t <VAR
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
>directory</VAR
></DT
><DD
><P
> <CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>chroot()</CODE
> to <VAR
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
>directory</VAR
> after
processing the command line arguments, but before
reading the configuration file.
</P
><DIV
CLASS="WARNING"
><P
></P
><TABLE
CLASS="WARNING"
BORDER="1"
WIDTH="90%"
><TR
><TD
ALIGN="CENTER"
><B
>Warning</B
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
><P
> This option should be used in conjunction with the
<VAR
CLASS="OPTION"
>-u</VAR
> option, as chrooting a process
running as root doesn't enhance security on most
systems; the way <CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>chroot()</CODE
> is
defined allows a process with root privileges to
escape a chroot jail.
</P
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
></DD
><DT
>-u <VAR
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
>user</VAR
></DT
><DD
><P
> <CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>setuid()</CODE
> to <VAR
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
>user</VAR
> after completing
privileged operations, such as creating sockets that
listen on privileged ports.
</P
><DIV
CLASS="NOTE"
><BLOCKQUOTE
CLASS="NOTE"
><P
><B
>Note: </B
> On Linux, <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>named</B
> uses the kernel's
capability mechanism to drop all root privileges
except the ability to <CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>bind()</CODE
> to a
privileged port and set process resource limits.
Unfortunately, this means that the <VAR
CLASS="OPTION"
>-u</VAR
>
option only works when <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>named</B
> is run
on kernel 2.2.18 or later, or kernel 2.3.99-pre3 or
later, since previous kernels did not allow privileges
to be retained after <CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>setuid()</CODE
>.
</P
></BLOCKQUOTE
></DIV
></DD
><DT
>-v</DT
><DD
><P
> Report the version number and exit.
</P
></DD
><DT
>-x <VAR
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
>cache-file</VAR
></DT
><DD
><P
> Load data from <VAR
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
>cache-file</VAR
> into the
cache of the default view.
</P
><DIV
CLASS="WARNING"
><P
></P
><TABLE
CLASS="WARNING"
BORDER="1"
WIDTH="90%"
><TR
><TD
ALIGN="CENTER"
><B
>Warning</B
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
><P
> This option must not be used. It is only of interest
to BIND 9 developers and may be removed or changed in a
future release.
</P
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
></DD
></DL
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="REFSECT1"
><A
NAME="AEN153"
></A
><H2
>SIGNALS</H2
><P
> In routine operation, signals should not be used to control
the nameserver; <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>rndc</B
> should be used
instead.
</P
><P
></P
><DIV
CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
><DL
><DT
>SIGHUP</DT
><DD
><P
> Force a reload of the server.
</P
></DD
><DT
>SIGINT, SIGTERM</DT
><DD
><P
> Shut down the server.
</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
><P
> The result of sending any other signals to the server is undefined.
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="REFSECT1"
><A
NAME="AEN167"
></A
><H2
>CONFIGURATION</H2
><P
> The <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>named</B
> configuration file is too complex
to describe in detail here. A complete description is
provided in the <I
CLASS="CITETITLE"
>BIND 9 Administrator Reference
Manual</I
>.
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="REFSECT1"
><A
NAME="AEN172"
></A
><H2
>FILES</H2
><P
></P
><DIV
CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
><DL
><DT
><TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/etc/named.conf</TT
></DT
><DD
><P
> The default configuration file.
</P
></DD
><DT
><TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/var/run/named.pid</TT
></DT
><DD
><P
> The default process-id file.
</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="REFSECT1"
><A
NAME="AEN185"
></A
><H2
>SEE ALSO</H2
><P
> <I
CLASS="CITETITLE"
>RFC 1033</I
>,
<I
CLASS="CITETITLE"
>RFC 1034</I
>,
<I
CLASS="CITETITLE"
>RFC 1035</I
>,
<SPAN
CLASS="CITEREFENTRY"
><SPAN
CLASS="REFENTRYTITLE"
>rndc</SPAN
>(8)</SPAN
>,
<SPAN
CLASS="CITEREFENTRY"
><SPAN
CLASS="REFENTRYTITLE"
>lwresd</SPAN
>(8)</SPAN
>,
<I
CLASS="CITETITLE"
>BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual</I
>.
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="REFSECT1"
><A
NAME="AEN198"
></A
><H2
>AUTHOR</H2
><P
> Internet Systems Consortium
</P
></DIV
></BODY
></HTML
>
