<HTML ><HEAD ><TITLE >User Authentication HOWTO</TITLE ><META NAME="GENERATOR" CONTENT="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.54"><LINK REL="NEXT" TITLE="$B$O$8$a$K(B" HREF="intro.html"><META NAME="KEYWORD" CONTENT="User Authentication"><META NAME="KEYWORD" CONTENT="user"><META NAME="KEYWORD" CONTENT="password"><META NAME="KEYWORD" CONTENT="PAM"><META NAME="KEYWORD" CONTENT="NIS"><META NAME="KEYWORD" CONTENT="/etc/passwd"><META NAME="KEYWORD" CONTENT="/etc/shadow"><META NAME="KEYWORD" CONTENT="/etc/group"><META NAME="KEYWORD" CONTENT="/etc/gshadow"></HEAD ><BODY CLASS="ARTICLE" BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" TEXT="#000000" ><DIV CLASS="ARTICLE" ><DIV CLASS="TITLEPAGE" ><H1 CLASS="TITLE" ><A NAME="AEN2" >User Authentication HOWTO</A ></H1 ><DIV CLASS="AUTHORGROUP" ><A NAME="AEN5" ></A ><H3 CLASS="AUTHOR" ><A NAME="AEN6" >Peter Hernberg</A ></H3 ><H3 CLASS="AUTHOR" ><A NAME="AEN9" >$BF|K\8lLu(B / $B@iC6M5;J(B</A ></H3 ></DIV ><P CLASS="PUBDATE" > 2000/05/02<BR></P ><DIV ><DIV CLASS="ABSTRACT" ><P ></P ><P >$B$3$NJ8=q$G$O!"(BLinux $B%9%7%9%F%`>e$G!"%f!<%6>pJs$H%0%k!<%W>pJs$NJ]B8J}K!!"(B $B%f!<%6G'>Z$NJ}K!(B (PAM)$B!"$=$7$F$=$N%f!<%6G'>Z$r0BA4$K9T$&J}K!$K$D$$$F@bL@$7(B $B$^$9!#(B</P ><P ></P ></DIV ></DIV ><HR></DIV ><DIV CLASS="TOC" ><DL ><DT ><B >Table of Contents</B ></DT ><DT >1. <A HREF="intro.html" >$B$O$8$a$K(B</A ></DT ><DD ><DL ><DT >1.1. <A HREF="intro.html#AEN26" >$B$3$NJ8=q$r=q$$$?7P0^(B</A ></DT ><DT >1.2. <A HREF="intro.html#AEN29" >$B?7%P!<%8%g%s$K$D$$$F(B</A ></DT ><DT >1.3. <A HREF="intro.html#AEN32" >$B%U%#!<%I%P%C%/(B</A ></DT ><DT >1.4. <A HREF="intro.html#AEN35" >$B%P!<%8%g%s>.;K(B</A ></DT ><DT >1.5. <A HREF="intro.html#AEN41" >$BCx:n8"$H>&I8(B</A ></DT ><DT >1.6. <A HREF="intro.html#AEN54" >$B<U<-(B</A ></DT ><DT >1.7. <A HREF="intro.html#AEN58" >$BA[Dj$9$kFI<T(B</A ></DT ></DL ></DD ><DT >2. <A HREF="how.html" >$B%f!<%6>pJs$,%7%9%F%`$KJ]B8$5$l$k;EAH$_(B</A ></DT ><DD ><DL ><DT >2.1. <A HREF="how.html#AEN63" ><TT CLASS="FILENAME" >/etc/passwd</TT > $B$K$D$$$F(B</A ></DT ><DT >2.2. <A HREF="how.html#AEN71" >$B%7%c%I%&%Q%9%o!<%I(B</A ></DT ><DT >2.3. <A HREF="how.html#AEN86" ><TT CLASS="FILENAME" >/etc/group</TT > $B$H(B <TT CLASS="FILENAME" >/etc/gshadow</TT ></A ></DT ><DT >2.4. <A HREF="how.html#AEN99" >MD5 $B0E9f2=%Q%9%o!<%I(B</A ></DT ><DT >2.5. <A HREF="how.html#AEN105" >$BHQ;($5$N2r>C(B</A ></DT ></DL ></DD ><DT >3. <A HREF="pam.html" >PAM (Pluggable Authentication Modules)</A ></DT ><DD ><DL ><DT >3.1. <A HREF="pam.html#AEN115" >$B$J$<(B <SPAN CLASS="ACRONYM" >PAM</SPAN > $B$J$N$+(B</A ></DT ><DT >3.2. <A HREF="pam.html#AEN125" ><SPAN CLASS="ACRONYM" >PAM</SPAN > $B$H$O2?$+(B</A ></DT ><DT >3.3. <A HREF="pam.html#AEN158" ><SPAN CLASS="ACRONYM" >PAM</SPAN > $B$N@_Dj(B</A ></DT ><DT >3.4. <A HREF="pam.html#AEN286" >$B$b$C$HB?$/$N>pJs$rF~<j$9$kJ}K!(B</A ></DT ></DL ></DD ><DT >4. <A HREF="secure.html" >$B%f!<%6G'>Z$r0BA4$K9T$&J}K!(B</A ></DT ><DD ><DL ><DT >4.1. <A HREF="secure.html#AEN293" >$B6/NO$J(B <TT CLASS="FILENAME" >/etc/pam.d/other</TT > $B%U%!%$%k(B</A ></DT ><DT >4.2. <A HREF="secure.html#AEN323" >$B%Q%9%o!<%IL5$7%f!<%6$N%m%0%$%s$r6X;_$9$k(B</A ></DT ><DT >4.3. <A HREF="secure.html#AEN334" >$BITMW$J%5!<%S%9$rL58z$K$9$k(B</A ></DT ><DT >4.4. <A HREF="secure.html#AEN339" >$B%Q%9%o!<%I%/%i%C%-%s%0%D!<%k(B</A ></DT ><DT >4.5. <A HREF="secure.html#AEN344" >$B%7%c%I%&%Q%9%o!<%I$H(B MD5 $B%Q%9%o!<%I(B</A ></DT ></DL ></DD ><DT >5. <A HREF="apache.html" >$B3hMQNc(B</A ></DT ><DD ><DL ><DT >5.1. <A HREF="apache.html#AEN352" >Apache + mod_auth_pam</A ></DT ><DT >5.2. <A HREF="apache.html#AEN356" >$BNcBj$NFbMF(B</A ></DT ><DT >5.3. <A HREF="apache.html#AEN360" >mod_auth_pam $B$N%$%s%9%H!<%k(B</A ></DT ><DT >5.4. <A HREF="apache.html#AEN382" >PAM $B$N@_Dj(B</A ></DT ><DT >5.5. <A HREF="apache.html#AEN404" >Apache $B$N@_Dj(B</A ></DT ><DT >5.6. <A HREF="apache.html#AEN418" >$B@_Dj$N%F%9%H(B</A ></DT ></DL ></DD ><DT >6. <A HREF="resources.html" >$B%j%=!<%9(B</A ></DT ><DD ><DL ><DT >6.1. <A HREF="resources.html#AEN424" >PAM</A ></DT ><DT >6.2. <A HREF="resources.html#AEN436" >$B%;%-%e%j%F%#A4HL(B</A ></DT ><DT >6.3. <A HREF="resources.html#AEN452" >$B%*%U%i%$%sJ8=q(B</A ></DT ></DL ></DD ><DT >7. <A HREF="conclusion.html" >$B7k8l(B</A ></DT ><DD ><DL ><DT >7.1. <A HREF="conclusion.html#AEN486" >$BF|K\8lLu$K$D$$$F(B</A ></DT ></DL ></DD ></DL ></DIV ></DIV ><DIV CLASS="NAVFOOTER" ><HR ALIGN="LEFT" WIDTH="100%"><TABLE WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ><TR ><TD WIDTH="33%" ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top" > </TD ><TD WIDTH="34%" ALIGN="center" VALIGN="top" > </TD ><TD WIDTH="33%" ALIGN="right" VALIGN="top" ><A HREF="intro.html" >Next</A ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD WIDTH="33%" ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top" > </TD ><TD WIDTH="34%" ALIGN="center" VALIGN="top" > </TD ><TD WIDTH="33%" ALIGN="right" VALIGN="top" >$B$O$8$a$K(B</TD ></TR ></TABLE ></DIV ></BODY ></HTML >