<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2 Final//EN"> <HTML> <HEAD> <META NAME="GENERATOR" CONTENT="SGML-Tools 1.0.9"> <TITLE>DNS HOWTO : $BL>A02r7h$H%-%c%C%7%e$r9T$&%M!<%`%5!<%P(B</TITLE> <LINK HREF="DNS-HOWTO-4.html" REL=next> <LINK HREF="DNS-HOWTO-2.html" REL=previous> <LINK HREF="DNS-HOWTO.html#toc3" REL=contents> </HEAD> <BODY> <A HREF="DNS-HOWTO-4.html">$B<!$N%Z!<%8(B</A> <A HREF="DNS-HOWTO-2.html">$BA0$N%Z!<%8(B</A> <A HREF="DNS-HOWTO.html#toc3">$BL\<!$X(B</A> <HR> <H2><A NAME="caching"></A> <A NAME="s3">3. $BL>A02r7h$H%-%c%C%7%e$r9T$&%M!<%`%5!<%P(B</A></H2> <P><B>DNS $B@_Dj$N:G=i$N0lJb!#(B $B%@%$%"%k%"%C%W!&%1!<%V%k%b%G%`!&(BADSL $B$J$I$N%f!<%6$K$O$H$F$bJXMx$G$9!#(B</B> <P>Red Hat $B$d!"(BRed Hat $B$K4XO"$7$?%G%#%9%H%j%S%e!<%7%g%s$G$O!"(B <CODE>bind</CODE> $B%Q%C%1!<%8!&(B<CODE>bind-utils</CODE> $B%Q%C%1!<%8!&(B <CODE>caching-nameserver</CODE> $B%Q%C%1!<%8$r%$%s%9%H!<%k$9$k$@$1$G!"(B $B$3$N(B HOWTO $B$N:G=i$N%;%/%7%g%s$N7k2L$HF1$8$b$N$,F@$i$l$^$9!#(B Debian $B$r;H$C$F$$$k$J$i(B <CODE>bind</CODE> $B$H(B <CODE>bind-doc</CODE> $B$r%$%s%9%H!<%k$9$k$@$1$G$9(B ($B$"$k$$$OA0<T$KBP$7$F$O(B <CODE>bind9</CODE>$B!#(B $B$3$NJ8=q$N<9I.;~$G$O!"(BDebian $B$N0BDjHG(B (potato) $B$O(B BIND 9 $B$r%5%]!<%H$7$F$$$^$;$s(B)$B!#(B $B$b$A$m$s$3$l$i$N%Q%C%1!<%8$r%$%s%9%H!<%k$9$k$@$1$G$O!"(B $B$3$N(B HOWTO $B$rFI$`$3$H$K$h$C$FF@$i$l$kCN<1$O<j$KF~$j$^$;$s!#(B $B$G$9$N$G!"$^$:%Q%C%1!<%8$r%$%s%9%H!<%k$7!"(B $B$=$3$G%$%s%9%H!<%k$5$l$?%U%!%$%k$rD4$Y$J$,$i!"(B $BFI$_?J$s$G$$$/$N$,NI$$$G$7$g$&!#(B <P> <P>$B%-%c%C%7%e@lMQ$N%M!<%`%5!<%P$H$O!"L>A00z$-$N7k2L$r5-21$7$F$*$-!"(B $B<!2s$NLd$$9g$o$;$N;~$K$=$N5-21$r;H$C$FEz$($k$b$N$G$9!#(B $B<!2s$+$i$NLd$$9g$o$;$KBP$9$k1~Ez$O(B ($BFC$KCY$$2s@~$r;H$C$F$$$k>l9g$K$O(B) $B$H$F$bB.$/$J$j$^$9!#(B <P> <P>$B$^$::G=i$K(B <CODE>/etc/named.conf</CODE> $B$H$$$&%U%!%$%k$,I,MW$G$9(B (Debian $B$G$O(B <CODE>/etc/bind/named.conf</CODE>)$B!#(B named $B$O5/F0$9$k$H$^$:$3$N%U%!%$%k$rFI$_9~$_$^$9!#(B $B8=:_$N$H$3$m$O!"<!$N$h$&$J4JC1$J$b$N$G$h$$$G$7$g$&!#(B <P> <HR> <PRE> // Config file for caching only name server // // The version of the HOWTO you read may contain leading spaces // (spaces in front of the characters on these lines ) in this and // other files. You must remove them for things to work. // // Note that the filenames and directory names may differ, the // ultimate contents of should be quite similar though. options { directory "/var/named"; // Uncommenting this might help if you have to go through a // firewall and things are not working out. But you probably // need to talk to your firewall admin. // query-source port 53; }; controls { inet 127.0.0.1 allow { localhost; } keys { rndc_key; }; }; key "rndc_key" { algorithm hmac-md5; secret "c3Ryb25nIGVub3VnaCBmb3IgYSBtYW4gYnV0IG1hZGUgZm9yIGEgd29tYW4K"; }; zone "." { type hint; file "root.hints"; }; zone "0.0.127.in-addr.arpa" { type master; file "pz/127.0.0"; }; </PRE> <HR> <P> <P>Linux $B%G%#%9%H%j%S%e!<%7%g%s$N%Q%C%1!<%8$G$O!"(B $B$3$3$G>R2p$9$k$=$l$>$l$N%U%!%$%k$K!"JL$NL>A0$r$D$1$F$$$k$+$b$7$l$^$;$s!#(B $B$G$bFbMF$OF1$8$O$:$G$9!#(B <P> <P><CODE>directory</CODE> $B$N9T$O!"(B named $B$,;2>H$9$k%U%!%$%k$NCV$->l=j$r(B $B;XDj$9$k$b$N$G$9!#$3$l0J9_$N$9$Y$F$N%U%!%$%kL>$O$3$3$+$i$NAjBP%Q%9$H$J$j$^$9!#(B $B$9$J$o$A%G%#%l%/%H%j(B <CODE>pz</CODE> $B$O(B <CODE>/var/named</CODE> $B0J2<$K$"$j!"(B $B%U%k%Q%9$GI=5-$9$l$P(B <CODE>/var/named/pz</CODE> $B$H$$$&$3$H$K$J$j$^$9!#(B <CODE>/var/named</CODE> $B$O(B <EM>Linux Filesystem Standard</EM> $B$K=`5r$7$?@5$7$$%G%#%l%/%H%jL>$G$9!#(B <P> <P><CODE>/var/named/root.hints</CODE> $B$H$$$&%U%!%$%k$NL>A0$O(B $B$3$3$GIU$1$i$l$F$$$^$9!#(B $B$3$N%U%!%$%k$NCf?H$O<!$N$h$&$K$J$j$^$9!#(B <HR> <PRE> ; ; There might be opening comments here if you already have this file. ; If not don't worry. ; ; About any leading spaces in front of the lines here: remove them! ; Lines should start in a ;, . or character, not blanks. ; ; $B$9$G$K$3$N%U%!%$%k$,$"$C$?>l9g$O!"$3$3$K3+;O%3%a%s%H$,$"$k$+$b(B ; $B$7$l$^$;$s!#$J$/$F$bLdBj$O$"$j$^$;$s!#(B ; ; $B9TF,$K6uGrJ8;z$,$"$C$?>l9g$O!":o=|$7$F$/$@$5$$(B! $B3F9T$O(B ;$B!"(B. ; $B$^$?$OJ8;z$G;O$^$j$^$9!#6uGr$G;O$^$k$3$H$O$"$j$^$;$s!#(B ; . 6D IN NS A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. . 6D IN NS B.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. . 6D IN NS C.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. . 6D IN NS D.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. . 6D IN NS E.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. . 6D IN NS F.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. . 6D IN NS G.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. . 6D IN NS H.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. . 6D IN NS I.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. . 6D IN NS J.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. . 6D IN NS K.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. . 6D IN NS L.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. . 6D IN NS M.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 6D IN A 198.41.0.4 B.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 6D IN A 128.9.0.107 C.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 6D IN A 192.33.4.12 D.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 6D IN A 128.8.10.90 E.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 6D IN A 192.203.230.10 F.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 6D IN A 192.5.5.241 G.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 6D IN A 192.112.36.4 H.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 6D IN A 128.63.2.53 I.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 6D IN A 192.36.148.17 J.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 6D IN A 198.41.0.10 K.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 6D IN A 193.0.14.129 L.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 6D IN A 198.32.64.12 M.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 6D IN A 202.12.27.33 </PRE> <HR> <P> <P>$B$3$N%U%!%$%k$K$O@$3&Cf$N%k!<%H%M!<%`%5!<%P$r5-=R$7$^$9!#(B $B$3$l$O;~4V$H$H$b$KJQ2=$7$F$$$/$N$G!"(B $B$H$-$I$-99?7$9$kI,MW$,$"$j$^$9!#99?7$NJ}K!$O(B <A HREF="DNS-HOWTO-8.html#maint">$B%a%s%F%J%s%9(B</A> $B$N>O$r8+$F$/$@$5$$!#(B <P> <P><CODE>named.conf</CODE> $B$NKvHx$NJ}$K$O(B <CODE>zone</CODE> $B%;%/%7%g%s$,$"$j$^$9!#(B $B$3$NMxMQK!$K$D$$$F$O8e$N>O$G=R$Y$k$D$b$j$G$9$N$G!":#$N$H$3$m$O(B $B0J2<$N$h$&$JFbMF$N%U%!%$%k$r(B <CODE>pz</CODE> $B%5%V%G%#%l%/%H%j$K(B <CODE>127.0.0</CODE> $B$H$$$&L>A0$G:n$C$F$*$$$F$/$@$5$$!#(B (<EM>$B$3$3$G$b%+%C%H%"%s%I%Z!<%9%H$9$k$H$-$K$O(B $B@hF,$N%9%Z!<%9$r<h$j=|$/$h$&$K$7$F$/$@$5$$(B</EM>) <P> <HR> <PRE> $TTL 3D @ IN SOA ns.linux.bogus. hostmaster.linux.bogus. ( 1 ; Serial 8H ; Refresh 2H ; Retry 4W ; Expire 1D) ; Minimum TTL NS ns.linux.bogus. 1 PTR localhost. </PRE> <HR> <P> <P><CODE>key</CODE> $B$d(B <CODE>control</CODE> $B$H$$$C$?L>A0$,$D$$$?%;%/%7%g%s$O!"(B $B$3$NFs$D$G$b$C$F!"(B $B$3$N(B named $B$,%j%b!<%H$+$i@)8f$G$-$k$3$H$r;XDj$7$F$$$^$9(B (<CODE>rndc</CODE> $B$H$$$&%W%m%0%i%`$,MQ$$$i$l$^$9(B)$B!#(B $B$3$3$G$O%m!<%+%k%[%9%H$+$i$N@\B3$G$J$1$l$P$J$i$:!"(B $B%(%s%3!<%I$5$l$?HkL)80$G$NG'>Z$,I,MW$K$J$j$^$9!#(B $B$3$N80$O%Q%9%o!<%I$N$h$&$J$b$N$G$9!#(B rndc $B$,5!G=$9$k$K$O!"$3$N80$K%^%C%A$9$k(B <CODE>/etc/rndc.conf</CODE> $B$,I,MW$K$J$j$^$9!#(B <P> <HR> <PRE> key rndc_key { algorithm "hmac-md5"; secret "c3Ryb25nIGVub3VnaCBmb3IgYSBtYW4gYnV0IG1hZGUgZm9yIGEgd29tYW4K"; }; options { default-server localhost; default-key rndc_key; }; </PRE> <HR> <P> <P>$B8+$F$o$+$k$h$&$K!"(Bsecret $B$N;XDj$OF10l$G$9!#(B <CODE>rndc</CODE> $B$rB>$N%^%7%s$+$i;H$&>l9g$O!"(B $B$=$l$i$N;~7W$O(B 5 $BJ,0JFb$K2q$C$F$$$J$1$l$P$J$j$^$;$s!#(B $B$3$NL\E*$K$O(B ntp (<CODE>xntpd</CODE> $B$d(B <CODE>ntpdate</CODE>) $B%=%U%H%&%'%"$rMQ$$$k$3$H$r$*$9$9$a$7$^$9!#(B <P> <P>$B<!$K!"0J2<$N$h$&$JFbMF$N(B <CODE>/etc/resolv.conf</CODE>$B$,I,MW$G$9!#(B (<EM>$BF1$8$/6uGr$r<h$j=|$/$3$H(B!</EM>) <P> <HR> <PRE> search subdomain.your-domain.edu your-domain.edu nameserver 127.0.0.1 </PRE> <HR> <P> <P>`<CODE>search</CODE>' $B$G;O$^$C$F$$$k9T$O!"(B $BLd$$9g$o$;$5$l$?%[%9%H$rC5$9%I%a%$%s$N;XDj$G$9!#(B`<CODE>nameserver</CODE>' $B$G;O$^$k9T$O!"%M!<%`%5!<%P$N%"%I%l%9;XDj$G$9!#(B $B:#$O<+J,$N%^%7%s$G%M!<%`%5!<%P$rF0$+$9$N$G!"%m!<%+%k%[%9%H$r;XDj$7$^$9!#(B ($BCm(B: named $B$O$3$N%U%!%$%k$r;2>H$7$^$;$s!#;2>H$9$k$N$O%l%>%k%P$G$9!#(B $BCm(B2: resolv.conf $B%U%!%$%k(Bi$B$K$O(B "domain" $B$H=q$+$l$?9T$,$"$k$+$b$7$l$^$;$s!#(B $B$"$C$F$bLdBj$"$j$^$;$s$,!"(B "search" $B$H(B "domain" $B$NN>J}$rF1;~$K$OMQ$$$J$$$h$&$K$7$F$/$@$5$$!#(B $B$I$A$i$+$7$+8zNO$r;}$A$^$;$s!#(B) <P> <P>$B$3$N%U%!%$%k$N0UL#$r@bL@$7$^$7$g$&!#%/%i%$%"%s%H$,(B <CODE>foo</CODE> $B$NL>A00z$-$r9T$&$H!"$^$::G=i$K(B <CODE>foo.subdomain.your-domain.edu</CODE> $B$rD4$Y!"<!$K(B <CODE>foo.your-domain.edu</CODE> $B$r;n$7!":G8e$K(B <CODE>foo</CODE> $B$rD4$Y$^$9!#(Bsearch $B9T$K$"$^$jB?$/$N%I%a%$%s$r=q$/$H!"(B $B$9$Y$F$rD4$Y$k$N$K;~4V$,$+$+$k$h$&$K$J$k$N$G!"(B $B$[$I$[$I$K$7$F$*$/$N$,NI$$$G$7$g$&!#(B <P> <P>$B$3$NNc$G$O$"$J$?$N%^%7%s$,(B <CODE>subdomain.your-domain.edu</CODE> $B$K$"$k$H$7$F$$$^$9$N$G!"$"$J$?$N%^%7%s$NL>A0$O$*$=$i$/(B <CODE>your-machine.subdomain.your-domain.edu</CODE> $B$H$J$C$F$$$k$G$7$g$&!#(B $B$J$*(B search $B9T$K$O$"$J$?$N(B TLD (Top Level Domain, $B$3$N>l9g$O(B `<CODE>edu</CODE>') $B$r4^$a$k$Y$-$G$O$"$j$^$;$s!#IQHK$K@\B3$9$k$h$&$JFCDj$N%I%a%$%s(B $B$,$"$l$P!"0J2<$N$h$&$K(B search $B9T$K$=$N%I%a%$%s$r2C$($F$b$$$$$G$7$g$&!#(B (<EM>$B@hF,$K%9%Z!<%9$,$"$C$?$i<h$j5n$k$N$rK:$l$J$$$h$&$K!#(B</EM>) <P> <HR> <PRE> search subdomain.your-domain.edu your-domain.edu other-domain.com </PRE> <HR> <P>$B$b$A$m$s<B:]$K$OK\Ev$N%I%a%$%sL>$r=q$/I,MW$,$"$j$^$9!#(B $B%I%a%$%sL>$N:G8e$K$O%T%j%*%I$r=q$+$J$$$3$H$KCm0U$7$F$/$@$5$$!#(B $B$3$l$O=EMW$J%]%$%s%H$G$9!#(B $B%I%a%$%sL>$N:G8e$K$O%T%j%*%I$r=q$+$J$$$3$H$KCm0U$7$F$/$@$5$$!#(B <P> <H2><A NAME="starting"></A> <A NAME="ss3.1">3.1 named $B$r5/F0$9$k(B</A> </H2> <P>$B$3$l$i$N=`Hw$,$9$s$@$i(B named $B$rN)$A>e$2$^$7$g$&!#(B $B%@%$%"%k%"%C%W@\B3$r$7$F$$$k?M$O!"$^$:@h$K@\B3$7$F$/$@$5$$!#(B $B$G$O(B named $B$r5/F0$7$^$9!#(B $B%V!<%H%9%/%j%W%H$+$i5/F0$9$k>l9g$O(B <CODE>/etc/init.d/named start</CODE>$B!"(B named $B$rD>@\5/F0$9$k>l9g$O(B <CODE>/usr/sbin/named</CODE> $B$H$7$^$9!#(B $B0JA0$NHG$N(B BIND $B$G;w$?$h$&$J$3$H$r9T$C$?$H$-$O!"(B $B$*$=$i$/(B <CODE>ndc</CODE> $B$r;H$C$?$3$H$H;W$$$^$9!#(B BIND 9 $B$G$O!"$3$l$O(B <CODE>rndc</CODE> $B$KJQ$o$j$^$7$?!#(B <CODE>rndc</CODE> $B$O(B named $B$r%j%b!<%H$+$i@)8f$G$-$^$9$,!"(B named $B$r5/F0$9$k$3$H$O$G$-$^$;$s!#(B named $B$rF0$+$7$F$$$k:GCf$K(B syslog $B$N%a%C%;!<%8%U%!%$%k(B ($BIaDL$O(B <CODE>/var/adm/messages</CODE> $B$G$9$,!"(B Debian $B$G$O(B <CODE>/var/log/daemin</CODE> $B$G$9$7!"(B $B%G%#%l%/%H%j$,(B <CODE>/var/log</CODE> $B$@$C$?$j!"(B $B%U%!%$%kL>$,JL$@$C$?$j$9$k$+$b$7$l$^$;$s(B) $B$r8+$k$H(B (<CODE>tail -f /var/adm/messages</CODE> $B$H$7$^$9(B)$B!"(B $B0J2<$N$h$&$J=PNO$,I=<($5$l$k$O$:$G$9(B: <P> <P>($B9TKv$,(B \ $B$N9T$O<!$N9T$KB3$-$^$9(B) <P> <BLOCKQUOTE><CODE> <PRE> Dec 23 02:21:12 lookfar named[11031]: starting BIND 9.1.3 Dec 23 02:21:12 lookfar named[11031]: using 1 CPU Dec 23 02:21:12 lookfar named[11034]: loading configuration from \ '/etc/named.conf' Dec 23 02:21:12 lookfar named[11034]: the default for the \ 'auth-nxdomain' option is now 'no' Dec 23 02:21:12 lookfar named[11034]: no IPv6 interfaces found Dec 23 02:21:12 lookfar named[11034]: listening on IPv4 interface lo, \ 127.0.0.1#53 Dec 23 02:21:12 lookfar named[11034]: listening on IPv4 interface eth0, \ 10.0.0.129#53 Dec 23 02:21:12 lookfar named[11034]: command channel listening on \ 127.0.0.1#953 Dec 23 02:21:13 lookfar named[11034]: running </PRE> </CODE></BLOCKQUOTE> <P> <P>$B%(%i!<%a%C%;!<%8$,$"$C$?>l9g$O!"2?$+4V0c$($F$$$k$N$G$7$g$&!#(B named $B$OFI$s$G$$$k$=$N%U%!%$%k$rL>;X$7$7$F$/$l$k$O$:$G$9!#(B $BLa$C$F%U%!%$%k$r%A%'%C%/$7$F$/$@$5$$!#(B $B=$@5$,=*$o$C$?$i:FEY(B named $B$r5/F0$7$F$/$@$5$$!#(B <P> <P>$B$5$F!"$3$3$^$G9T$C$F$-$?@_Dj$r;n$7$F$_$^$7$g$&!#(B $B$3$l$^$G$O(B <CODE>nslookup</CODE> $B$,%F%9%H$N$?$a$N%W%m%0%i%`$G$7$?!#(B $B:G6a$G$O(B <CODE>dig</CODE> $B$,?d>)$5$l$F$$$^$9!#(B <P> <BLOCKQUOTE><CODE> <PRE> $ dig -x 127.0.0.1 ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 26669 ;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 0 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;1.0.0.127.in-addr.arpa. IN PTR ;; ANSWER SECTION: 1.0.0.127.in-addr.arpa. 259200 IN PTR localhost. ;; AUTHORITY SECTION: 0.0.127.in-addr.arpa. 259200 IN NS ns.linux.bogus. ;; Query time: 3 msec ;; SERVER: 127.0.0.1#53(127.0.0.1) ;; WHEN: Sun Dec 23 02:26:17 2001 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 91 </PRE> </CODE></BLOCKQUOTE> <P>$B$HI=<($5$l$l$P!"$&$^$/F0$$$F$$$k$O$:$G$9!#$3$&$J$k$H$$$$$G$9$M!#(B $BHs>o$K0[$J$C$?I=<($,=P$?$i!"$d$jD>$7!"A4It:F%A%'%C%/$G$9!#(B <CODE>named.conf</CODE> $B$rJQ99$7$?$i!"(B $B$=$N$?$S$K(B <CODE>rndc reload</CODE> $B%3%^%s%I$r<B9T$9$kI,MW$,$"$j$^$9!#(B <P> <P>$B$G$OLd$$9g$o$;$r$7$F$_$^$7$g$&!#(B $B$"$J$?$N6a$/$K$"$k%^%7%s$NL>A0$r0z$$$F$_$^$7$g$&!#(B $B;d$N6a$/(B (Oslo $BBg3X(B) $B$K$O(B pat.uio.no$B$H$$$&%^%7%s$,$"$j$^$9!#(B <P> <BLOCKQUOTE><CODE> <PRE> $ dig pat.uio.no ; <<>> DiG 9.1.3 <<>> pat.uio.no ;; global options: printcmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 15574 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 3, ADDITIONAL: 0 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;pat.uio.no. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION: pat.uio.no. 86400 IN A 129.240.130.16 ;; AUTHORITY SECTION: uio.no. 86400 IN NS nissen.uio.no. uio.no. 86400 IN NS nn.uninett.no. uio.no. 86400 IN NS ifi.uio.no. ;; Query time: 651 msec ;; SERVER: 127.0.0.1#53(127.0.0.1) ;; WHEN: Sun Dec 23 02:28:35 2001 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 108 </PRE> </CODE></BLOCKQUOTE> <P> <P>$B:#EY$O!"(B<CODE>dig</CODE> $B$O$"$J$?$N%^%7%s$GF0$$$F$$$k(B named $B$K(B <CODE>pat.uio.no</CODE> $B$rC5$9$h$&0MMj$7$^$9!#$9$k$H(B named $B$O(B <CODE>root.hints</CODE> $B%U%!%$%k$K=q$+$l$F$$$k%M!<%`%5!<%P$N0l$D$K(B $B@\B3$7$F!"Ld$$9g$o$;$r$7$^$9!#(B <CODE>/etc/resolv.conf</CODE> $B$K=q$+$l$F$$$k%I%a%$%s$9$Y$F$K$D$$$F(B $BD4$Y$kI,MW$,$"$k$+$b$7$l$J$$$N$G!"7k2L$,F@$i$l$k$^$G$K(B $B>/!9;~4V$,$+$+$k$3$H$,$"$j$^$9!#(B <P> <P> <P>$B$3$3$G$b$&0lEYF1$8Ld$$9g$o$;$r9T$&$H!"(B $B<!$N$h$&$J7k2L$K$J$k$G$7$g$&!#(B <P> <BLOCKQUOTE><CODE> <PRE> $ dig pat.uio.no ; <<>> DiG 8.2 <<>> pat.uio.no ;; res options: init recurs defnam dnsrch ;; got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 4 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 3, ADDITIONAL: 3 ;; QUERY SECTION: ;; pat.uio.no, type = A, class = IN ;; ANSWER SECTION: pat.uio.no. 23h59m58s IN A 129.240.130.16 ;; AUTHORITY SECTION: UIO.NO. 23h59m58s IN NS nissen.UIO.NO. UIO.NO. 23h59m58s IN NS ifi.UIO.NO. UIO.NO. 23h59m58s IN NS nn.uninett.NO. ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION: nissen.UIO.NO. 23h59m58s IN A 129.240.2.3 ifi.UIO.NO. 1d23h59m58s IN A 129.240.64.2 nn.uninett.NO. 1d23h59m58s IN A 158.38.0.181 ;; Total query time: 4 msec ;; FROM: lookfar to SERVER: default -- 127.0.0.1 ;; WHEN: Sat Dec 16 00:23:09 2000 ;; MSG SIZE sent: 28 rcvd: 162 </PRE> </CODE></BLOCKQUOTE> <P> <P> <P>$B$3$s$I$O$:$C$HB.$+$C$?$3$H$,$O$C$-$j$o$+$k$G$7$g$&!#(B $BA0$O(B 0.5 $BIC0J>e$+$+$C$F$$$^$7$?$,!":#2s$O(B 4ms $B$G$9$_$^$7$?!#(B $B%5!<%P$+$i$N2sEz$,%-%c%C%7%e$5$l$?$N$G$9!#(B $B%-%c%C%7%e$5$l$?2sEz$O!"8E$/$J$C$F8=>u$H0[$J$C$F$7$^$&2DG=@-$b$"$j$^$9$,!"(B $B%-%c%C%7%e$5$l$?2sEz$r@5$7$$$H8+$J$;$k4|4V$O!"(B $B2sEz$rJV$7$?%5!<%P$NB&$G@)8f$G$-$k$N$G!"(B $BF@$i$l$?2sEz$,@5$7$$$b$N$G$"$k2DG=@-$O9b$$$G$7$g$&!#(B <P> <H2><A NAME="ss3.2">3.2 $B%l%>%k%P(B</A> </H2> <P>$BI8=`E*$J(B C API $B$r<BAu$7$F$$$k$9$Y$F$N(B OS $B$K$O!"(B gethostbyname $B$H(B gethostbyaddr $B$H$$$&%7%9%F%`%3!<%k$,B8:_$7$^$9!#(B $B$3$l$i$O2?<oN`$+$N0[$J$k>pJs8;$+$i>pJs$r<hF@$G$-$^$9!#(B $B$I$N>pJs8;$+$i<hF@$9$k$+$O!"(BLinux $B$J$i(B <CODE>/etc/nsswitch.conf</CODE> $B$H$$$&%U%!%$%k$G@_Dj$G$-$^$9(B ($B$3$l$rMQ$$$F$$$k(B Unix $B$OB>$K$b$"$j$^$9(B)$B!#(B $B$3$l$OD9$$%U%!%$%k$G!"$I$N%U%!%$%k$+$i!"$"$k$$$O$I$N%G!<%?%Y!<%9$+$i!"(B $B$$$m$$$m$J<oN`$N%G!<%?$r<hF@$9$k$+$r;XDj$7$^$9!#(B $BDL>o$O@hF,$K%3%a%s%H7A<0$N2r@b$,$"$j$^$9$N$G!"FI$s$G$*$-$^$7$g$&!#(B $BFI$_=*$o$C$?$i(B `<CODE>hosts:</CODE>' $B$G$O$8$^$k9T$rC5$7$F$/$@$5$$!#(B $B0J2<$N$h$&$K$J$C$F$$$k$O$:$G$9!#(B <P> <HR> <PRE> hosts: files dns </PRE> <HR> <P>(<EM>$B@hF,$N%9%Z!<%9$N$3$H$O3P$($F$$$^$9$M!)(B $B$3$l0J>e$O$b$&8@5Z$7$^$;$s!#(B</EM>) <P> <P>`<CODE>hosts:</CODE>' $B$G$O$8$^$k9T$,L5$1$l$P!"(B $B>e5-$N$h$&$JFbMF$r=q$$$F$*$$$F$/$@$5$$!#(B $B$3$l$O!"%W%m%0%i%`$O$^$:(B <CODE>/etc/hosts</CODE> $B%U%!%$%k$r8+$K9T$-!"(B $B<!$K(B DNS $B$r(B <CODE>resolv.conf</CODE> $B$K$7$?$,$C$F%A%'%C%/$;$h!"(B $B$H8@$C$F$$$^$9!#(B <P> <P> <H2><A NAME="ss3.3">3.3 $B$*$a$G$H$&(B</A> </H2> <P>$B$5$F!":#$d$"$J$?$O%-%c%C%7%eF0:n$r$9$k(B named $B$N@_DjJ}K!$rCN$C$?$o$1$G$9!#(B $B%S!<%k$G$b%_%k%/$G$b!"$*9%$-$J$b$N$G4%GU$7$^$7$g$&!#(B <P> <P> <HR> <A HREF="DNS-HOWTO-4.html">$B<!$N%Z!<%8(B</A> <A HREF="DNS-HOWTO-2.html">$BA0$N%Z!<%8(B</A> <A HREF="DNS-HOWTO.html#toc3">$BL\<!$X(B</A> </BODY> </HTML>